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网上牧师杂志–中文版(简体), SCh Ed, Issue 48 2023 年 夏季

A ministry of…

作者: Roger Pascoe,博士,主席,
邮箱: [email protected]

I. 加强讲解式讲道:传讲书信的信息,第三部分
以弗所书案例

这是“传讲书信的信息”第三部份。过往的讨论,读者可以参阅本刊网址https://bible.org/net-pastors-journal第46及47期。今期是借以弗所书作一实例,列出相关如以书信为讲道题材时的一些有用的资料,以供参考。

约翰福音十七章,耶稣为历世信徒祈求“合一”(17:21-23)。合一是教会得能力和见证的根源:叫世人知道你差了我来,也知道你爱他们如同爱我一样(17:23)。但很不幸,很多教会的会众都不合一。结果,他们失去了区内应有作见证的能力。以弗所就是专为教会合一问题而写成的。

A. 以弗所書的作者及收信人

虽然有些人怀疑本书作者是否真的是保罗,但由本书内容来看,保罗是作者是绝无疑问的。例如,(1)保罗宣称他就是原著者(1:1;3:1);(2)保罗和收件人有深入的私交(1:15-16;4:1;6:19-20) ;和(3)对外邦人的特别福音事工(3:6-8)。

这书信是从狱中(4:1)写给以弗所教会的。本书称为狱中书信,可能要追溯到大约主后60年,那时已接近保罗人生最后阶段。他曾多年牧养以弗所教会,离开时给了当地长老的劝勉和对教会的真切感情都详细记录在使徒行传二十章中。稍后,使徒约翰在启示录第二章也写了一封信给以弗所教会,信中称赞他们的工作和坚守纯正的道理,但却责备他们失去对基督的爱心。

以弗所不论在经济和宗教上,都是一个举足轻重的城市。经济上,它是一个发达的大都会,因为它位居小亚细亚的交通要道,不论水路或陆路,都是必经之地:(1)陆路上,它有公路通往省内各大主要城市;(2)海路上,位于距离大海不远的河道上,备有内陆码头。宗教上,以弗所拜偶像的风气甚盛,其中的女神亚底米的神庙尤其著名。

以弗所信徒都是外邦人(3:1)。故此收件人便是外邦人,但信中的教导对犹太人也是很重要的。有些人认为本信是在众教会中传阅,以弗所教会只是其中一处吧了!他们所持理由是:(1)保罗没有提及他在他们当中的劳苦,如果他只是写给以弗所教会,他一定会提及的;(2)他没有提及教义、应用,或有争议性的问题。如果他只写给某一教会,这应是会他会提及的。但这些理据的说服力不大。历史上一直都是以这信和以弗所教会联在一起。无论如何,我们一定要注意到,虽然保罗只是写信给某地教会,但他仍是放眼普世教会,绝不只是侧重某处的教会。

B. 本书写作目的

这封信的主要目的是要解释一个新观念,教会就是基督的身体,是由不同种族、不同信仰背景的人组成的群体。这两个不同的种族能够相安无事的在一起,是一个令人莫测高深的奥秘,是从来都不曾发生过的。但如今这合一的状态借着主耶稣在十架上和好的大工便得以成就了,不只是与神和好,人与人之间的关系也和好了。本书信就是要特别指出这被呼召出来的群体,现因站在这新地位上,在教会中或世上,都享受着新的特权和履行着新的使命。

第一,他们需要在知识中长进。以弗所教会外邦信徒须要和犹太信徒建立关系,他们须要更多体会在主里所处的地位。这很容易地从保罗在书信开始时的两个祷告看到,祷告强调两点:(1)他们须增加对智慧、启示、知识、悟性和如何得着光照的认识(1:17-23) ;(2)靠着圣灵,刚强壮胆;又借着基督的同在,叫他们更能明白属灵的真实(3:14-21)。

第二,他们须要改变生活样式。他们在主里要活出新人的样式,与蒙神呼召和所处的地位相称。在教会中合一,向着在真道上同归于一4:1-16的标杆直跑,在世人面前更要活出新人的样式,不再像未信主前外邦人的样子( 4:17-6:20; 比较2:1-3)。因着基督改变的大能,这是可以的。

虽然信中没有提及教义或教会中遇见的难题,但很明显地,在使徒行传20章,从他对教会长老的临别致辞,我们可以知道在教会中已潜伏着假教师和异端的危机。在启示录第二章,我们不难发现以弗所教会中的领导人,现正不遗余力的悍卫着教会不受假教师和异端的侵扰,但教会已渐渐地变得一所冰冷、徒有外表的教会。只着重表面工夫,而忽略了内里与基督的亲密关系。无怪乎保罗在信中,除了强调教义的重要,亦强调人与人之间的爱和亲密联系。

C. 书信主题

由写作目的来看,在原则和实践上,本书信的主题便是信徒合一。故此,本文将以弗所书的主题为“信徒合一:教会的奥秘”。

今日教会缺乏合一,原因很多,可能是:(1)不同种族共处一起,不能和谐相待;(2)会众不愿花时间一起互相沟通,(3)会众间的关系疏离,(4)失去共同的属灵胃口和目标,(5)常因教会的事工而争论不休;或(6)有某些人图谋操控教会。教会不合一,虽然理由很多,但这都不是应有的现象。

无论教会为什么不能合一,我深信这次借着研读以弗所书研读,一定可以对症下药。让我们试找出以弗所书对我们的教导,在一会众背景复杂的教会,如何可以在基督里,借着圣灵的能力活出一个合一的样子。这就是我们的主要目的,要将其中的教导公诸于世。我们都可以由此得着启示,不论我们身处何方,或在什么文化环境底下,都可以实际应用出来。

我们是活在一个崇尚个人主义的社会中,社会如是,教会亦如是。每个人都想按着自己的喜好行事。这便引致教会的矛盾,可能不是因为真理上的分歧,而是肢体间的相处,生活见证,互相合作,荣耀主名,彼此扶持,和共同抵御外来侵扰的事上出了问题。这些问题,都是本文所关切的,我们都囊括在以弗所书的主题:“信徒合一:教会的奥秘” 。

D. 本書信的神學真理

为着方便研读起见,我将本书信的内容分作几个段落,就是教会(教会论),救恩(救恩论),神(神论)和末后的事(末世论)。

1. 教会(教会论)。一如前述,本书信的重点是普世教会,基督是头,统管万有(1:22)。

神在基督里作了一件“奥秘”的事,就是将犹太人及外邦人都同归于一在教会中,充满了基督的身体(1:23)。现在他们都成为神国子民(2:19),信心之家的一份子(2:19),同一圣殿(2:20-22),同一个身体(4:4),基督的新妇(5:23-27)。

教会是一个独特和充满动力的有机体,成员在灵里都在不断成长着,各人运用自己的恩赐,在主里合一,活出与蒙召相称的生活(4:17-6:9) 。他门团结一起,抵抗撒但恶势力要分裂教会的攻击(6:10-20)。

以弗所书用三幅图画将教会描绘出来:

a) 一座不断扩大的建筑物(2:19-22)而渐渐变成主的圣殿,由房角石结合在一起。.

b) 一个被基督“充满”(1:23)的身体(4:4),是借着祂十架上的和好大工(2:16-18),犹太人及外邦人都变成相等的成员,(3 :6;5:20),每人都被装备起来作主的工(4:12),连接元首救主基督(4:15-16;5:23)

c) 基督为她而犠牲的新妇,并将她变得尊贵荣耀而圣洁,属乎基督所有的(5:23-27)。

教会的合一,是借着基督的救赎大工成就的(1:6-8),从上下方向来看,我们与神和好了,从横切面来看,我们各人都和好了(2 :11-18)。而从末世角度来看,我们借着基督,都与天上地下的一切都和好了(1:10)。

教会就是一所圣殿,借着基督便得以成圣和洁净,“要用水借着道把教会洗净,成为圣洁,可以献给自己,作个荣耀的教会,毫无玷污、皱纹等类的病,乃是圣洁没有瑕疵的5:26-27,当中成员也都是圣洁的种类(1:4;4:20-5:14),这和他们以前的不圣洁光景成一强烈对比(2:1-10;4:17-19)。

教会如今使命之一就是使天上执政、掌权的得知神百般的智慧(3:10)。故此,以弗所教会叫人知道教会是由一群背境和恩赐不同的人,因着基督和为着事奉祂而走在一起,同有一个目标(为要被基督充满),为要完成在地上的使命。这就是我们要在社区内努力建立的教会,也就是说,教会是由不同背境的人,因着基督的关系而在一起,在地上活出属神的生活,不断增长对神的认识,和维护真道。

2. 救恩(救恩论)。以弗所书从三方面将救恩的真理说明出来:

a) 是过往的事。救恩是一个已经完成了的事实,其中果效可从每一个真正信主的人身上看到(1:7;2:4-5,8-10)。借着基督的十架,犹太人和外邦人已经从两个不同的族裔变成一个新人类,同有一个信仰的群体。在十架下,基督已将所有信徒,借着祂流出的血而与神和好,并借着圣灵的带领而来到神的面前(2:11-18)

b)是未来的事。救恩从以下两方面来看,是未来的事情:第一,我们现今得着圣灵的印记,知道将来我们的身体必能得救赎(1:13-14)。第二,在将来和基督同得尊荣的日子,我们便看见神在基督里向我们所施的恩惠(2:6-7)。

c) 是全宇宙的事。救恩广大无边。有一天,借着基督的死和复活,天上地下的万物都归在祂管治之下(1:10,21-22),恢复祂是全宇宙的主的权柄。

救恩完全是神在基督里拯救的恩典,是我们不配得的。真的,人所作的,无论如何了不起,也不能得到救恩。好行为只是救恩的结果,而不是原因。我们得救是本乎恩 也因着信,然后我们才有能力行善(2:8-10)。

3. 神(神论)。这方面的真理可从基督和三位一体显示出来。

基督论。圣经很清楚的表明基督是主。神将耶稣基督从死里复活,升到至高,一切的权柄和荣耀都归给祂,甚至祂坐在神的右边(1:20-21),是极尊贵的,是天上地下万物之主。也掌管着地上及阴间的魔鬼势力。祂是我们的主,现时虽只在教会中,但到了日期满足,全宇宙都归在祂名下(1:10,21-23;3:10-11)。因此,我们在地上最主要目的就是要赞美及称颂这位全宇宙的至高者(1:6, 12, 14)。

三位一体。我们如果说保罗的以弗所书是围绕着三位一体的真理而写成的,便有点牵强了。但无可置疑地,三位一体的真理在本书中却是无处不被提及,并构成本书的脉胳。由此,三位一体的合一性、属性和特性在神学观点上,便清楚地提供了一个属神的人应有的合一、属性和特性。以下是本书对三位一体的经文:

a) 我们属灵福气的三位一体性(1:4-14). 我们主耶稣督的父神曾赐给我们天上各样属灵的福气(1:3),和从创立世界以前,在基督里拣选了我们得着救恩(1:4-6)。 在祂里面(儿子)得了救恩(1:7-12),并且我们得了“圣灵”为得基业的印记(1:13-14)。

b) 三位一体的祷告(1:15-23)。我们主耶稣基督的神,是荣耀的父,将那赐人智慧和启示的灵赏给你们(1:17)。

c) 靠着三位一体而来到神面前(2:16-18)。神是三位一体的神,我们已借着十字架(基督的十架)与神和好而归为一体,我们也借着基督被一个圣灵所感,得以进到父面前。

d) 三位一体式的教会结构(2:19-22)。我们都是神家里的人,基督耶稣为房角石,而成为神借着圣灵居住的所在。

e) 三位一体式的祷告结构(3:14-19)。神,就是,我们祷告的对象(14),“借着祂的灵,叫我们心里的力量刚强起来(16),使基督因你们的信,住在你们心里(17)。

f) 三位一体式的教会合一(4:3-6)。教会合一,是因着三位一体的合一而成,就是圣灵只有一个一主一神,就是众人的父

g) 由三位一體而來的道德教訓(4:17-5:24)。我們既“學了基督”(4:20-21),就不要叫“聖靈擔憂”(4:30),一定要“效法神”(5:1)。我們要被“聖靈”充滿(5:18),凡事要奉“我們主耶穌基督”的名,常常感謝“父神”(5:20)。

4. 末后的事(末世论)。以弗所人关心两个世代 – 今世和来世的事情(1:21)。而保罗教导的就是一个“已实现了的”和未来才实现的末世论。今天信徒已在某程度上享受和推行着末世属灵的福气(1:3)。借着对基督的信心,我们不再在行事为人,随从今世的风俗(2:2)。甚而在灵意上,我们与基督已一同坐在天上(2:6)。所以,我们在这一刻,便已经享受着基督无上的权柄和处于一个超越地上一切权势的地位。在末世时才有的实际应验,今天都已在信徒灵命中成就了。

但是以弗所人也了解到末世的应验仍属未来的事。我们肉体得赎是未来的事,虽然我们已预备迎见得赎的那一天(1:14;4:30)。真正国度建立后,不法的人不能进入,但这仍是未来的事情(5:5)。由此可见,以弗所书中所说的末世论,信徒借着与基督的联合所站的地位和福气,与信徒现时所面对各样的争扎、甚而争战(6:10-18)是具有一定张力的。故此,保罗对信徒的劝勉是,各人行事为人就当与蒙召的恩相称(4:1; 比较4:17ff),要照着新人的样子,而不是跟着旧人的模式(4:22,24)。

E. 文学上的特色

很多人认为以弗所书和歌罗西书是姊妹作,因为不论在修辞(句法和用词)、主题和内容都很相似。

保罗在这两卷书的开首都说出了他要强调的主题,如因信称义、死在罪中和与活在基督里,隔绝与和好,和圣洁等。这两卷书都可以看到保罗所常常强调的福音“奥秘”和基督的主权(超越性)的笔锋。

两卷书的第二部份也很相似,都是关于脱去旧人,披上新人、情欲、愤怒、言语、诚实、爱,和家庭伦理的劝勉。

这两卷书有两个不同点。第一,它们的著重点不同。以弗所书集中在基督的肢体(尤其是肢体的合一);而歌罗西书的重点则是放在肢体的元首上。第二,以弗所书没有讨论任何特殊的异諯,而歌罗西书则是针对歌罗西人所面对的异端邪说(3:16-23)。

在以弗所书,请注意一些常常出现的字眼和词汇。除了一些很明显的字,例如“在” - “在基督里”(1:3-14)不计之外- 以下的字和词汇我们须多加留意:美意(1:5,9);知识、聪明、智慧(1:8,17-18);能力(1:19-21;3:20);恩典、怜悯、爱(2:4-8);丰富(1:7,18;2:7; 3:8,16);称赞和荣耀(1:6, 12, 14, 17, 18);拣选、预定(1:4,5,11);意旨和旨意(1:5,9,11);救赎(1:7,14);和盼望(1:12, 18)。你也会注意到一些描述极其宏大的词汇常常出现,例如:祂丰富的恩典(1:7;2:7),丰盛的荣耀(1:18),能力是何等浩大(1:19),过于人所能测度的(3:19),和超过我们所求所想的(3:20)。

我们将会在下期继续这方面的研讨(2023秋季),到时我们将会讨论书信的文字结构和一些讲道的技巧。我希望这方面的讨论,能对你预备书信讲章时有所俾益。

II. 强化圣经中的领导才能
教会中的秩序,提摩太前书1:12-17, 第二部份

我们现在是研读保罗给提摩太有关教会秩序的教导,这与一个与教会领导人有很大关系的议题。以下是保罗给提摩太的五个嘱咐:

A. 有关牧者职责的嘱咐 (1:3-20)

B. 有关公开崇拜的嘱咐(2:1-15)

C. 有关牧者的领导的嘱咐 (3:1-16)

D. 有关牧者的灵性的嘱咐(4:1-6:2)

E. 有关牧者的操守的嘱咐(6:3-21)

上期我們已开始了…

A. 对牧者职责的教导(1:3-20)

这段关于牧者职责可分三点:

1. 持守纯正的道理(1:3-11)

2. 传扬神的救恩(1:12-17)

3. 尽忠职守(1:18-20)

在上一期,我们已讨论了A项,其中第一点(1:3-11)是关于牧者职责之一,就是要保持纯正的道理。在本期,我们则会讨论第二点(1:12-17),有关牧者的责任…

2. 见证神的救恩(1:12-17)。保罗给提摩太牧者的第一个职责就是保持信仰的纯正,须要:(1)对抗异端(1:3-7),和(2)传扬真理(1:8-11),尤其是那些在律法方面的真理。当时教会中有一群深懂律法和适当运用律法的“义人”(1:9),但相比之下,教会中又有另外一批人,他们的行为(1:9-10)显露出他们都是一群不法和不服的人1:9。保罗总结这第一个嘱咐,就只用一个概括的说话,就是叫提摩太务要抵挡敌正道的事这是照着可称颂之神交托我荣耀福音说的1:10- 11。提到福音,保罗很自然地道他自己奇妙的个人经历,他的蒙召为福音作见证的使命,以致他为此而感恩(1:12-17)。他的见证集中在三方面 …

a) 感谢主耶稣基督(1:12-14)。这句感恩的说话可分两方面来讨论。第一,派我服事祂(1:12。 “我感谢那给我力量的我们主基督耶稣,因祂以我有忠心,派我服事祂”(1:12)。为着完成那大而难的福音工作,主耶稣将那属灵的力量(甚至体力)加添给保罗,为此保罗深表感恩。他获赐这力量是“因祂以我有忠心,派我服事祂”(1:12b)。 “忠心”是由于他的事奉,尤其在传福音的事上,是忠贞不二和可信赖的。保罗常常惦记着救主差派他的使命,因为他得救的神迹历历在目,是神给他的恩典,这是他每次作见证的时候都会提及的。

第二,为着过往蒙怜悯而感恩(1:13。保罗不只为着他被托负福音的工作而感恩,他更为着他得着的怜悯而感谢。基督以他为忠心,派我服事祂简直是不可思议的事,因他素来都是“…亵渎神的,逼迫人的,侮慢人的1:13a。在这里,保罗是回顾着他未信主前的光景,那时他的生命是充满暴力、对神和对信徒的愤恨。

信徒所了解的亵渎可以是来自言语或是行为。亵渎的行为可以是故意的违抗或不服神的律法等(民15:30-31)。而亵渎的言语则是轻慢或不尊敬神的话(利24:10-16),例如,将圣灵的工作归功于撒但(太12:31-32)。我们的主和司提反都是被人控诉亵渎神而被处死的(太26:65; 徒6:11)。但保罗则承认在大马色路上遇见复活的主之前,不论在言语和行为上,他是一个不折不扣亵渎神的人。作为一个狂热的犹太人,他拒绝基督就是弥赛亚,他逼迫那些从犹太教而转到跟随基督的人(徒9:1-2, 22:4; 加1:13; 腓3:6)。

虽然保罗有一个如此暴力倾向的背景,他却说,然而我还蒙了怜悯,因我是不信不明白的时候而做的1:13b。对于保罗来说,神的恩典和怜悯是一起临到他身上(参看1:1),因这二者都是出自神大爱的本性。神的怜悯,真的是从祂不可测度的恩典和爱倾倒出来,是借着耶稣基督赐给保罗,这样便取代了那在保罗心中疯狂的恼恨。他的改变纯粹是基督十架救赎的大功。这就是保罗常常提及的救恩,他清楚表示他是不配神的恩典和怜悯,但他却真的是得到了神的怜悯,为此他说:因我是不信不明白的时候做的。保罗从不掩饰自己过往的罪行,他在面对面遇见主之前,他以为所作的都是出自对神大发热心(加1:13-14),但他是被误导了。但虽如此,我还蒙了怜悯

对他来说,这是令人惊讶,不可思议的事。神怎能去爱和饶恕一个有这样大逆不道背景的人。会否是因为神施恩叫保罗得救了,但只是仅仅得救吧了!绝不!保罗是在说:我主的恩是格外丰盛,使我在基督耶稣里有信心和爱心1:14。神把他还未得到的恩典丰丰足足的加给他。活像一道泛滥两岸的水流,或是冲激上岸的海啸,猛烈地把两旁的一切东西都冲毁了一样。这就是神在保罗身上的恩典所产生的能力和效果。能力是如此的大,以致保罗不能不顺服下来,人生得以完全改变过来。这可以从他的一句说话使我在基督耶稣里有信心和爱心证明出来。

换句话说,真正的救恩可以使一个人的生命,不论在态度和行为,都得以彻头彻尾改变过来。保罗在基督耶稣里有信心和爱心正好表明基督在他身上的作为和呼召。他不再是一个残害神子民的人,而是拥有一个活出满有信心和爱心的人生。所以,当他信主后,他便马上活像基督一样,过着一个彰显神恩惠和爱的生命。

b) 确证福音的信息(1:15-16)。第一,保罗把他个人见证延伸到神救恩的范畴和目标上去(1:15a。基督在十架上的大工不只是临到那些显赫的伟人,或是那些经历过不同凡响的遭遇而信主的人。耶稣基督来到世上,不是只拯救保罗或其他像他有类似经历的人。而是基督耶稣降世,为要拯救罪人。这话是可信的,是十分可佩服的1:15a)。

这里保罗好像是引用一些常用有关救恩的术语(或说话) – 基督耶稣降世,为要拯救罪人- 保罗称许这话是可信的,是十分可佩服的。 从他的经验来看,保罗赞叹这句说话是绝对可靠的,是我们必须相信的,拯救保罗的救恩也是每人都可垂手可得的。他也在其他地方说过:因为世人都犯了罪,亏缺了神的荣耀(罗3:23。不论一个人是生活在一个充满暴力或仇恨如保罗,或是花花公子如浪子(路15:11-32)般的生活,基督耶稣降世就是为了拯救他们。这是神救恩的对象和目的。借着基督的救赎大工,这都完成了。

使徒保罗和一些人的得救,他们的背景和经历,的确是经过一连串令人惊心动魄、出人意表的事情,但我们不能将之偶像化,以为所有人得救都必是这样。但我们须要想一想,很多在基督家庭长大的人的得救,就从没有经历过这些。我们要为每一位愿意接受基督的名的人感谢神。无可置疑的,每一位愿意悔改而来到基督面前接受祂救恩的,都是出自神的恩典。保罗再三重申的说:“ 4然而神既有丰富的怜悯,因祂爱我们的大爱,5当我们死在过犯中的时候,便叫我们与基督一同活过来(你们得救是本乎恩)。6祂又叫我们与基督耶稣一同复活,一同坐在天上,7 要将祂极丰富的恩典,就是祂在基督耶稣里向我们所施的恩慈,显明给后来的世代看。8 你们得救是本乎恩,也因着信 这并不是出于自己,乃是神所赐的。9也不是出于行为,免得有人自夸(弗2:4-9)。

虽然神的救恩是普世性的,但使徒保罗仍从没有忘怀神救恩特殊的一面(1:15b-17,这从他的经验便可见一斑。当神如今吩咐各处的人都要悔改(徒17:30的时候,不是所有人都是这样作。那些听见就悔改接受神救恩的人(徒20:21),都得了神特别的拣选(弗1:4)。否则,世人都是彻头彻尾的败坏,无人可以得救。

使徒保罗经常对神的恩典,尤其是他所经历的,都不期然地从心底里发出惊讶的赞叹,他从不隐瞒或掩饰自己在信主之前的光景。他承认他是所有罪人中的罪魁1:15b。由此可以看到,一个人愿意承认自己是罪人,便会坦白,清晰地列出自己所有的罪行来,也不会故意淡化他的过犯。保罗就是说他自己是罪人中的罪魁。这就是说他从不忘记自己罪恶深重。但正因如此,他为着神在他身上的救恩和怜悯而大大喜乐。他永不忘怀在信主之前和信主之后,两个完完全全的判若两人的我。

说完了神普及所有罪人的基督救恩,和他过往罪大恶极的行为而仍得到赦免的例子之后,保罗便继续讲解神在他身上有更大的旨意:然而,我蒙了怜悯,是因耶稣基督要在我这罪魁身上显明祂一切的忍耐,给后来信祂得永生的人作榜样1:16。保罗深觉,那可能是因他在信主前极端的恶行,他的信主经历,和以后在教会中所担任的重要角色,神在这罪魁身上一定有一个更大的旨意,就是要显明祂一切的忍耐,给后来信祂得永生的人作榜样。一个像他从前那样跋扈专横的人尚且得救,那一定是显出了神一切的忍耐,堪可作后来信主要得永生的人作榜样

这里是介绍神拯救罪人的恩典和怜悯的两个奇妙真理。第一,神的恩典是永恒不变,随时施恩给一切罪人。祂没有咒诅罪人,也没有暗中施行惩罚,但也不会算有罪为无罪的。相反地,祂是极忍耐的等待着罪人悔改,用信心回转归向基督。第二,神喜欢拯救最顽劣的罪人。这就将福音和救恩的真理临到每一个人身上去,并显出神拯救的心意和目的。

这是何等令人振奋的例子。如有人怀疑神的忍耐和恩典,我们只要将保罗得救的经历复述出来就足以证明主所应许的尚未成就,有人以为祂是耽延,其实不是耽延,乃是宽容你们,不愿有一人沉沦,乃愿人人都悔改(彼后3:9。如果神对待保罗尚且如此,祂对待任何人都会是如此。从保罗的例子,我们看到神的怜悯和恩典无私地倾覆在罪人的头目(罪魁)身上。

c) 赞美神(1:17)。想到他过往的历史和在他身上的作为,保罗不禁地赞美三一真神:但愿尊贵、荣耀归与那不能朽坏,不能看见,永世的君王,独一的神,直到永永远远。阿们!1:17。这一段经文(1:12-17)是由感恩开始,而以赞美神终结。

神是永世的君王- 那位昔在、今在、永在者,是历世的主。祂是不朽坏- 即不受时间限制,是永远长存的,是不可消灭的,是永不改变的,是生命与死亡的主。祂也是不能看见的 – 人不能看见祂,因祂的本性是个灵。祂是独一的神- 在祂以外再无别神(赛45:5)。保罗大大高声赞美神在他身上的恩典和怜悯后,便发出最后的一声赞美:尊贵、荣耀直到永永远远。阿们。我们也要永远赞美神,同声叫着“阿们– 即诚心所愿之意”。

后记。这是使徒保罗的个人简短而有力的见证(请参看徒22:3-21;26:1-23),见证着在初期教会时期,神在一个极端仇恨耶稣,并为了要除灭耶稣的跟随者而作出极其残酷手段的人身上,竟显出祂浩大的恩典和怜悯。神恩广大,保罗信主后,便变成了教会的中流砥柱,一个最具有影响力的教会领袖。

那么,这是不是教导我们作为牧者的,要用我们个人的生命经历来见证神的救恩呢?这话是不错的。个人的生命见证可以给教会领袖们好的名声,因为他们承认了他们的过往和其他人没有分别,而现今他们竟都可以归荣耀给神,因为神已将他们完全改变过来。个人的见证可以提醒我们神是满有恩慈与怜悯。个人见证可以证实神能将人的生命改变过来,从黑暗转向光明,从撒但的权势转向神的国度去。个人见证公开宣示神的拯救大能,无人能逃避神的救恩。个人见证可以指出神能将一个罪大恶极的罪人,转变成一个遵行祂旨意的领袖人物。个人见证可以给人鼓舞,神既可以在这人身上完成祂的作为,祂也同样可以在任何人身上动工。个人见证是活泼,真实的例子,将人带到神救恩的源头、怀抱和旨意中。

III. 讲道大纲

题目:学习主耶稣 – 称颂我们的王主耶稣(太21:1-11)

主旨:主耶稣作王的身份

主题:主耶稣第一次到来,祂的王的身份就是祂第二次再来时作王的序幕。

第一点:耶稣作王的身份可以由祂属灵的权柄看出来(21:1-13)

第二点:耶稣作王的身份可从应验了的预言证明出来(21:4-6)

1. 但以理书9:25 中的预言已获应验了

2. 撒迦利亚书9:9 中的预信己获应验了

第三点:耶稣作王的身份可从祂谦和的仪表显明出来(21:6-11)

1. 耶稣进入耶路撒冷,服饰朴素(21:6-7)

2. 耶稣进入耶路撒冷,众人冠以庄严的王服(21:8-11)

Related Topics: Pastors

Q. Is Birth Control Sin? How Should A Couple Decide How Many Children To Have?

Dear *****,

I should begin by saying a couple of things. I am 80 years old, and have been married to my wife for sixty years. We have been blessed with six children (one died in childhood). As a man, I cannot fully identify with all of your struggles, though as a husband and church elder I have observed some of these afflictions from a distance. I do take your struggles seriously.

It seems to me that you have raised at least two major questions. The first question is whether birth control is sin or not. My wife and I had to deal with this after having six children, and knowing that others would likely follow. Here is the text which helped us to decide that birth control was not sin. But before going there, let me point to a text which might cause some to conclude that all birth control is sin:

1 And it came about at that time, that Judah departed from his brothers and visited a certain Adullamite, whose name was Hirah. 2 Judah saw there a daughter of a certain Canaanite whose name was Shua; and he took her and went in to her. 3 So she conceived and bore a son and he named him Er. 4 Then she conceived again and bore a son and named him Onan. 5 She bore still another son and named him Shelah; and it was at Chezib that she bore him. 6 Now Judah took a wife for Er his firstborn, and her name was Tamar. 7 But Er, Judah’s firstborn, was evil in the sight of the LORD, so the LORD took his life. 8 Then Judah said to Onan, “Go in to your brother’s wife, and perform your duty as a brother-in-law to her, and raise up offspring for your brother.” 9 Onan knew that the offspring would not be his; so when he went in to his brother’s wife, he wasted his seed on the ground in order not to give offspring to his brother. (Gen. 38:1-9 NAU)

It is obvious that Onan practiced a form of birth control, and for this God took his life. The important thing here is to observe that not only Judah, but later on, the law required it as well:

“When brothers live together and one of them dies and has no son, the wife of the deceased shall not be married outside the family to a strange man. Her husband’s brother shall go in to her and take her to himself as wife and perform the duty of a husband’s brother to her” (Deuteronomy 25:5).

This was to assure the continuation of an Israelites’ seed (children) if he died before having a child with his wife.

Thus, we can see that the practice of birth control can, in some circumstances, be sin.

But here are a couple of texts which have indicated to me (and to my wife) that birth control can be a good decision:

1 Now concerning the things about which you wrote, it is good for a man not to touch a woman. 2 But because of immoralities, each man is to have his own wife, and each woman is to have her own husband. 3 The husband must fulfill his duty to his wife, and likewise also the wife to her husband. 4 The wife does not have authority over her own body, but the husband does; and likewise also the husband does not have authority over his own body, but the wife does. 5 Stop depriving one another, except by agreement for a time, so that you may devote yourselves to prayer, and come together again so that Satan will not tempt you because of your lack of self-control. 6 But this I say by way of concession, not of command. 7 Yet I wish that all men were even as I myself am. However, each man has his own gift from God, one in this manner, and another in that (1 Corinthians 7:1-7).

Can we not agree that here in verses 1-7 Paul is saying that it can be good for someone to be like Paul in choosing not to marry? Thus, while marriage is a wonderful gift from God, it can also be “good” to choose not to marry. (We shall see this further explained in verses 25-35).

Now concerning virgins I have no command of the Lord, but I give an opinion as one who by the mercy of the Lord is trustworthy. 26 I think then that this is good in view of the present distress (or crisis), that it is good for a man to remain as he is. 27 Are you bound to a wife? Do not seek to be released. Are you released from a wife? Do not seek a wife. 28 But if you marry, you have not sinned; and if a virgin marries, she has not sinned. Yet such will have trouble in this life, and I am trying to spare you. 29 But this I say, brethren, the time has been shortened, so that from now on those who have wives should be as though they had none; 30 and those who weep, as though they did not weep; and those who rejoice, as though they did not rejoice; and those who buy, as though they did not possess; 31 and those who use the world, as though they did not make full use of it; for the form of this world is passing away. 32 But I want you to be free from concern. One who is unmarried is concerned about the things of the Lord, how he may please the Lord; 33 but one who is married is concerned about the things of the world, how he may please his wife, 34 and his interests are divided. The woman who is unmarried, and the virgin, is concerned about the things of the Lord, that she may be holy both in body and spirit; but one who is married is concerned about the things of the world, how she may please her husband. 35 This I say for your own benefit; not to put a restraint upon you, but to promote what is appropriate and to secure undistracted devotion to the Lord (1 Corinthians 7:25-35).

In verse 26 Paul further explains his words in verses 1-7, by adding one kind of circumstance which could justify the choice to remain single. He refers to this as a “present distress” (verse 26). That word “distress” is used elsewhere to refer to a broad range of troubles, and not just one particular kind of “distress” (like having a cruel government which opposes Christianity). Thus, during certain times of difficulty remaining single is preferable to getting married. (Can you imagine, for example, if Paul were married, and his wife had to endure his suffering with him?)

There is a second reason (in verses 29-35) which Paul gives us for remaining single, rather than choosing to marry. As the time approaches for our Lord to return, there is a greater urgency to proclaim the gospel, and to keep oneself from being overly absorbed in the things of this world. Marriage, as God has designed and described it, places significant obligations on both the husband and the wife. Paul says that some will choose to avoid the distractions, which marriage rightly imposes on a person, for the purpose of pursuing “undistracted devotion to the Lord” (verse 35). Thus, while marriage is the norm, and can rightly be enjoyed, it may also be set aside – for the right reasons. (In or time, marriage is being set aside, but for the wrong reasons.)

One more text should be considered here:

9 “And I say to you, whoever divorces his wife, except for immorality, and marries another woman commits adultery.” 10 The disciples said to Him, “If the relationship of the man with his wife is like this, it is better not to marry.” 11 But He said to them, “Not all men can accept this statement, but only those to whom it has been given. 12 “For there are eunuchs who were born that way from their mother’s womb; and there are eunuchs who were made eunuchs by men; and there are also eunuchs who made themselves eunuchs for the sake of the kingdom of heaven. He who is able to accept this, let him accept it” (Matthew 19:9-12).

In this text Jesus seems to set forth the same principle which Paul later sets forth in 1 Corinthians 7: Some men (and women) rightly set aside the choice to marry and bear children for the sake of the kingdom of heaven. Note, here, that it is not just marriage that is set aside, but also child-bearing.

We should not overlook the fact that not only Paul, but our Lord Jesus set aside marriage and child-bearing.

Now some might agree that marriage can be set aside in the will of God, but would argue that child-bearing cannot, if one is married. Matthew 19:12 would seem to challenge that position. But I think that there is a principle underlying all these texts, a principle which does apply to child-bearing:

Just as there are good reasons for setting aside the joys (and obligations) of marriage, there are also good reasons for setting aside the bearing of children. This could mean the choice to have no children (as would be the case if one made himself a eunuch – Matthew 19:12), or of limiting the number of children one has.

By the way, the Bible makes it clear that God sometimes prevented the birth of children, until child-bearing fulfilled His purposes (see, for example, Genesis 25:21; 29:31; 30:1-2, 22; 1 Samuel 1:1-20; Luke 1).

Back to my wife and myself. We had six children, and at least one miscarriage. Had we not limited our ability to reproduce, we could well have born a dozen, or more, children. In our situation, it would have made it very difficult for a family of 12 or 14 to be invited into some folks’ home for dinner, or fellowship. It would have required me to spend a great deal more time with my family, giving each child individual attention. If we were headed for the mission field, it would greatly increase the amount of support that would have to be raised. And thus, we decided that the principle Jesus, and Paul, set forth, applied to child-bearing, as well as to marriage.

This would probably be called our personal conviction, rather than obeying a clear command. But it would be a liberty which we could rightly exercise.

Whether this applies to you and your husband is something you two must decide.

Now, that brings us to some other questions, which your and your husband should discuss and decide upon. The first of these questions is this: Is the bearing of children simply a matter of the wife submitting to her husband? We are told that it is both the husband’s and the wife’s responsibility to sexually satisfy their mate:

Now concerning the things about which you wrote, it is good for a man not to touch a woman. 2 But because of immoralities, each man is to have his own wife, and each woman is to have her own husband. 3 The husband must fulfill his duty to his wife, and likewise also the wife to her husband. 4 The wife does not have authority over her own body, but the husband does; and likewise also the husband does not have authority over his own body, but the wife does. 5 Stop depriving one another, except by agreement for a time, so that you may devote yourselves to prayer, and come together again so that Satan will not tempt you because of your lack of self-control (1 Corinthians 7:1-5).

Using birth control greatly enhances a woman’s ability to have pleasure in sex, while dreading another child can greatly hinder sexual enjoyment (which Paul is saying is essential). Indeed, refraining from sexual fulfillment can lead to a temptation to sin.

Now, regarding your husband’s desire to have three children. I do not personally see that a husband’s desire (or the wife’s, for that matter) for a certain number of children has biblical support. The number of children we would like is simply a desire. Under normal circumstances, both the husband and the wife should agree when they have had enough children, and then they do something (birth control) to prevent further conceptions.

Here Are Some Texts Which I Believe Your Husband Should Consider:

You husbands in the same way, live with your wives in an understanding way, as with someone weaker, since she is a woman; and show her honor as a fellow heir of the grace of life, so that your prayers will not be hindered (1 Peter 3:7).

1 Now concerning things sacrificed to idols, we know that we all have knowledge. Knowledge makes arrogant, but love edifies. 2 If anyone supposes that he knows anything, he has not yet known as he ought to know; 3 but if anyone loves God, he is known by Him. 4 Therefore concerning the eating of things sacrificed to idols, we know that there is no such thing as an idol in the world, and that there is no God but one. 5 For even if there are so-called gods whether in heaven or on earth, as indeed there are many gods and many lords, 6 yet for us there is but one God, the Father, from whom are all things and we exist for Him; and one Lord, Jesus Christ, by whom are all things, and we exist through Him. 7 However not all men have this knowledge; but some, being accustomed to the idol until now, eat food as if it were sacrificed to an idol; and their conscience being weak is defiled. 8 But food will not commend us to God; we are neither the worse if we do not eat, nor the better if we do eat. 9 But take care that this liberty of yours does not somehow become a stumbling block to the weak. 10 For if someone sees you, who have knowledge, dining in an idol’s temple, will not his conscience, if he is weak, be strengthened to eat things sacrificed to idols? 11 For through your knowledge he who is weak is ruined, the brother for whose sake Christ died. 12 And so, by sinning against the brethren and wounding their conscience when it is weak, you sin against Christ. 13 Therefore, if food causes my brother to stumble, I will never eat meat again, so that I will not cause my brother to stumble (1 Corinthians 8:1-13).

[If I could sum up this chapter, as it applies to you, I would say: Love should motivate me to surrender my rights, when exercising my liberty hurts another.]

1 Therefore if there is any encouragement in Christ, if there is any consolation of love, if there is any fellowship of the Spirit, if any affection and compassion, 2 make my joy complete by being of the same mind, maintaining the same love, united in spirit, intent on one purpose. 3 Do nothing from selfishness or empty conceit, but with humility of mind regard one another as more important than yourselves; 4 do not merely look out for your own personal interests, but also for the interests of others. 5 Have this attitude in yourselves which was also in Christ Jesus, 6 who, although He existed in the form of God, did not regard equality with God a thing to be grasped, 7 but emptied Himself, taking the form of a bond-servant, and being made in the likeness of men. 8 Being found in appearance as a man, He humbled Himself by becoming obedient to the point of death, even death on a cross. 9 For this reason also, God highly exalted Him, and bestowed on Him the name which is above every name, 10 so that at the name of Jesus EVERY KNEE WILL BOW, of those who are in heaven and on earth and under the earth, 11 and that every tongue will confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father (Philippians 2:1-11).

See also Paul’s teaching about “personal convictions” in Romans 14 and 15. I do not believe that a husband should expect his wife to “submit” to his wishes when doing so may violate her convictions.

*******, I hope this gives you and your husband something to discuss and decide.

Blessings,

Bob Deffinbaugh

Related Topics: Christian Life, Ethics, Marriage, Relationships

A Discussion on Suicide

Bob Branden and Hampton Keathley discuss politics, culture, and do reviews of books. You can also listen on Spotify and Apple Podcasts. Go to podcast

Be sure to check out Bob's historical fiction novels:

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Bob Branden and Hampton Keathley discuss suicide because the most visited page on bible.org which gets 20,000 page views per month is https://bible.org/seriespage/q-do-those-who-commit-suicide-go-hell.

9. Eschatology: Consummation of All Things

The term “eschatology” comes from two Greek terms e[scato" and lovgo" meaning (roughly speaking) “last,” “end,” or “final” and “word,” “matter” “thing,” respectively. Theologically speaking, then, the term eschatology refers to “things pertaining to the end of history and the consummation of God’s kingdom.” It concerns both personal eschatological issues such as death and the intermediate state as well as themes with a more general or corporate focus. The latter would include such topics as the return of Christ, resurrection, judgment, tribulation, the millennial kingdom, and the eternal state.

IA. Personal Eschatology

1B. The Meaning of Physical Death

1C. The Subjects—Hebrews 9:27
2C. A Purely Materialist View
3C. A Christian Materialistic View
4C. Another Christian View: Man as a Unified, But Composite Being

2B. The Meaning of Spiritual Death

1C. The State—Ephesians 2:1
2C. The Fruit of Spiritual Death—Ephesians 4:17-19
3C. The Ultimate End: Second Death
1D. Revelation 21:8
2D. Revelation 20:6

3B. The Ultimate Cause of Physical and Spiritual Death

1C. 1 Corinthians 15:21
2C. Genesis 2:17, 23-24; 5

4B. The Existential Problem of Death

1C. Acts 8:2
2C. Philippians 2:27
3C. 1 Thessalonians 4:13
4C. Hebrews 4:15
5C. 1 Corinthians 15:55-57

5B. The Nature of the Intermediate State (Zwischenzustand)

1C. Unconscious Limbo/Soul Sleep (e.g., S. D. Adventists./Jehovah Witnesses)
1D. The Use of 1 Thessalonians 4:13-15
2D. Luke 16:19-31
2C. Purgatory (R.C.)
1D. 2 Maccabees 12:42-45
2D. Matthew 5:26; 12:32
3D. 1 Corinthians 3:15
4D. 2 Timothy 1:18
5D. The Need for Personal Faith in This Life—cf. John 8:24
3C. Instantaneous Resurrection (F. F. Bruce; W. D. Davies)
1D. 2 Corinthians 5:1-10
2D. A Presupposition of Anthropological Monism?
4C. Christians Go To Be with God, But Await Resurrection Bodies
1D. 2 Corinthians 5:8-9
2D. 1 Thessalonians 5:10
3D. Luke 23:43
4D. Unbelievers
1E. Luke 16:23-24
2E. John 5:28-29
3E. Matthew 25:46

IIA. Corporate Eschatology

1B. The Return of Christ: Areas of General Agreement

1C. It Is Certain, Though Day Unknown
1D. Acts 1:11
2D. 1 Thessalonians 4:16-17
3D. Hebrews 9:28
4D. Revelation 22:12 (22:20)
5D. Philippians 4:5; James 5:8; 2 Peter 3:10; 1 John 3:2-3
2C. The Source: Jesus’ Teaching
1D. Matthew 24:3; 24:30
2D. John 14:3
3D. Revelation 1:7
3C. The Specific Timing
1D. Matthew 24:36
2D. Matthew 24:36-25:30
4C. It Will Be Personal and Visible to All
5C. It Will Be Magnificent
1D. Comparison with First Coming
2D. Matthew 24:23
3D. Matthew 24:27-28
6C. He Will Come As Judge and Savior
1D. Mark 13: Judgment and Salvation
2D. Luke 21: Judgment and Salvation38
3D. The Wicked in Matthew 24-25
4D. The Righteous in Matthew 24-25

2B. The Return of Christ: Areas of Difference among Evangelicals

1C. Texts Relating to the “Imminent” Return of Christ
1D. Matthew 24:40-50
2D. Luke 12:40
2C. Texts Relating to Events Preceding Christ’s Return
1D. Matthew 24:14
2D. Matthew 24:21
3D. 2 Thessalonians 2:3
4D. Romans 11:25-32
5D. Matthew 24:4-14
3C. Liberalism and Its Answer
4C. Prophetic Foreshortening
1D. Revelation 22:12—“soon”
2D. Hebrews 10:17—“in a little while”
5C. Berkhof’s Position39
6C. Grudem’s Response40
7C. A Dispensational Response
8C. An Experiential Approach and Response
9C. All Preceding Events Have Occurred

3B. The Nature and Timing of the Rapture

1C. The Nature of the Rapture: 1 Thessalonians 4:17
2C. The Timing of the Rapture
1D. Pre-Tribulational Rapture
2D. Partial Tribulational Rapture
3D. Mid-Tribulational Rapture
4D. Post-Tribulational Rapture

5B. The Nature of the Millennium

1C. Postmillennialism (P. M.)
1D. Statement of Position
2D. Proponents of Position
1E. Eusebius of Caesarea (AD 260-340)
2E. Origen41 (185-254)
3E. Theodore Beza (1519-1605)
4E. John Owen (1616-1683)
5E. Isaac Watts (1674-1748)
6E. Jonathon Edwards (1703-1758)
7E. A H. Strong (1836-1921)
3D. Strengths and Weaknesses of Position
1E. God’s Power and Sovereignty
2E. God’s Provision in Christ and the Spirit
3E. The Gradual Growth of the Church Outlined in Jesus’ Parables
4E. No Point Really Establishes P. M. in Contrast to Another System
5E. The Church Is Characterized by Suffering not Worldwide Triumph42
6E. The Experience of History43
2C. Historic Premillennialism
1D. Statement of the Position
2D. Proponents of the Position
1E. The First Three Centuries of the Church
2E. The Alexandrian Church
3E. Augustine’s (350-430) Amillennialism and the Medieval Period
4E. The Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries
3D. Strengths and Weaknesses
1E. The Exegesis of Revelation 20:4-6 and e[zhsan
2E. The “One Passage” Critique
3C. Dispensational Pre-Millennialism
1D. Statement of the Position
2D. Proponents of the Position
1E. J. N. Darby (1800-1882)
2E. John F. Walvoord
3E. J. Dwight Pentecost
4E. Charles C. Ryrie
5E. Darrell L. Bock
6E. Craig L. Blaising
3D. Strengths and Weaknesses
1E. Recognition of Structural Discontinuities Between the Testaments
2E. A Future for National Israel
3E. Two Peoples of God?
4E. The Davidic Covenant and the Presence of the Kingdom Now
3C. Amillennialism
1D. Statement of the Position
2D. Proponents of the Position
1E. Augustine (354-430)
2E. Martin Luther (1483-1546)
3E. John Calvin (1509-1564)
4E. Abraham Kuyper (1837-1920)
5E. Hermann Bavinck (1854-1921)
6E. Louis Berkhof (1873-1957)
3D. Strengths and Weaknesses
1E. Many Passages Affirm Amill Scheme
2E. The Binding of Satan in Revelation 20
3E. The Symbolic Nature of the Book of Revelation
4E. The Church Replaces Israel
5E. The Amill Reading of Revelation 20 Is Strained
6E. OT Promises Envision an Earthly Kingdom (cf. 1 Cor 15:24; Rev 5:10; 12:5)
7E. The Binding of Satan Did Not Occur at Christ’s Return as Many Amill’s Argue
8E. The Probability of Progressive Revelation within the NT Canon
9E. The Church and Israel in God’s Plan

6B. Resurrection, Judgment, and The Eternal State

1C. The Resurrection of All People
1D. Daniel 12:2
2D. John 5:28-29
2C. The Judgment of All People
1D. Acts 17:31
2D. Revelation 20:11-15
3C. The Doctrine of Heaven and the Eternal State
1D. A State or Place?
2D. A Look at Revelation 21-22
4C. The Doctrine of Hell
1D. Liberal Views
2D. Traditional View: Eternal Conscious Suffering
2D. Conditional Immortality
4C. The Doctrine of Heaven
1D. The Desire for Heaven
2D. The Term "Heaven"
3D. The Nature of Heaven
4D. The New Heavens and the New Earth

38 It appears that Luke has a focus on AD 70 (21:20-24), but one can hardly suggest that such verses as 21:27, 35 are not looking to the grand eschaton. And, what happened in AD 70 could, theoretically anyway, be repeated at a later date.

39 Berkhof, Systematic Theology, 695-703.

40 Grudem, Systematic Theology, 1095-1105.

41 Gentry, “Postmillennialism,” 15. He cites the work of Donald G. Bloesch, Essentials of Evangelical Theology: Vol. 2: Life, Ministry, and Hope (San Francisco: Harper and Row, 1979), 192 and Philip Schaff, History of the Christian Church, 5th ed. (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, rep. n.d. [1910]), 2:591, cf. 122.

42 See Robert Strimple, “An Amillennial Response to Kenneth L. Gentry, Jr.,” in Three Views on the Millennium and Beyond, ed. Darrell L. Bock (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1999), 63-66.

43 Blaising, “Premillennial Response,” 75.

Related Topics: Eschatology (Things to Come), Teaching the Bible

O Que a Bíblia Diz Sobre o Inferno

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Factos-Chave Sobre a Eternidade

(1) Todos nós existiremos para sempre, ou no Céu, ou no Inferno (Daniel 12:2,3; Mateus 25:46; João 5:28; Revelação 20:14,15).

(2) Cada um de nós tem apenas uma vida para determinar o seu destino (Hebreus 9:27).

(3) Ir para o Céu ou para o Inferno está dependente de a pessoa acreditar (colocar a sua confiança) no poder de Cristo para a salvação (João 3:16, 36, etc.).

Textos-Chave Sobre o Inferno

(1) O Inferno foi originalmente criado para Satanás e os seus demónios (Mateus 25:41; Revelação 20:10).

(2) O Inferno também irá punir o pecado daqueles que rejeitarem Cristo (Mateus 13:41,50; Revelação 20:11-15; 21:8).

(3) O Inferno é um tormento consciente.

  • Mateus 13:50 – “fornalha ardente... choro e ranger de dentes”
  • Marcos 9:48 – “onde o seu verme não morre, e o fogo não se apaga”
  • Revelação 14:10 – “será ainda atormentado com enxofre ardente”

(4) O Inferno é eterno e irreversível.

  • Revelação 14:11 – “e a fumaça do tormento de tais pessoas sobe para todo o sempre... não há descanso, dia e noite”
  • Revelação 20:14 – “O lago de fogo é a segunda morte”
  • Revelação 20:15– “Se o nome de alguém não foi encontrado no livro da vida, este foi lançado no lago de fogo”

Perspectivas Erradas sobre o Inferno

(1) A perspectiva das segundas oportunidades – Após a morte, ainda há forma de escapar ao Inferno.

Resposta: “o homem está destinado a morrer uma só vez e depois disso enfrentar o juízo” (Hebreus 9:27).

(2) Universalismo – Todos têm a salvação eterna.

Resposta: Nega a realidade da salvação através de Cristo, que significa que uma pessoa pode decidir ou confiar em Cristo, ou rejeitá-Lo e ir para o Inferno (João 3:16, 36).

(3) Aniquilacionismo – o Inferno significa que uma pessoa morre como um animal – deixa de existir.

Resposta: Nega a ressurreição dos injustos (João 5:28, etc. – ver acima). Nega um tormento consciente (ver acima).

Objecções à Perspectiva Bíblica sobre o Inferno

(1) Um Deus amoroso não enviaria pessoas para um Inferno horrível.

Resposta: Deus É justo (Romanos 2:11).

  • Deus tornou a salvação acessível a todos (João 3:16,17; 2 Coríntios 5:14,15; 1 Timóteo 2:6; 4:10; Tito 2:11; 2 Pedro 3:9).
  • Mesmo aqueles que nunca ouviram falar de Cristo são indesculpáveis, uma vez que Deus Se revela na natureza (Romanos 1:20). Deus procura aqueles que O procuram (Mateus 7:7; Lucas 19:10).
  • Assim, Deus não envia as pessoas para o Inferno; são elas mesmas que o escolhem (Romanos 1:18,21,25).

(2) O Inferno é um castigo demasiado severo para o pecado humano.

Resposta: Deus É santo e perfeito (1 Pedro 1:14,15).

  • O pecado é a oposição intencional contra Deus, nosso criador (Romanos 1:18-32).
  • O nosso pecado é realmente merecedor do Inferno (Romanos 1:32; 2:2,5,6).
  • O que é verdadeiramente injusto e incrível é que Cristo tenha morrido pelo nosso pecado e que ofereça gratuitamente a salvação a todas as pessoas (Romanos 2:4; 3:22-24; 4:7,8; 5:8,9).

Termos Bíblicos que Descrevem os Locais Onde se Encontram os Mortos

  • Sheol – termo hebraico que descreve simplesmente “a sepultura” ou “morte” – não se refere especificamente ao Inferno.
  • Hades – termo grego que, usualmente, se refere ao Inferno – um local de tormento (Lucas 10:15; 16:23, etc.).
  • Geena – termo grego (“emprestado” de um lugar em que se queimava lixo perto de Jerusalém) que se refere sempre ao Inferno – um local de tormento (Mateus 5:30; 23:33).
  • “Lago de fogo” – o destino final dos que não creem em Deus após a ressurreição (Revelação 20:14,15).
  • “Seio de Abrãao” – um lugar de conforto eterno (Lucas 16:22).
  • “Paraíso” – um lugar de conforto eterno (Lucas 23:43).
  • “Com o Senhor” – frase-chave que descreve o local para onde vão, após a morte, os crentes da era da Igreja (Filipenses 1:23; 1 Tessalonicenses 4:17; 2 Coríntios 5:8).
  • “Novos céus e nova terra” – o local onde estarão os crentes após a ressurreição (Revelação 20:4-6; 21:1-4).

Conclusão

A nossa curiosidade acerca do destino dos mortos não pode ser inteiramente saciada com termos ou versículos bíblicos. O que sabemos é que o tormento eterno no Inferno ou a alegria eterna no Céu são os destinos que aguardam todas as pessoas após a morte, com base na sua rejeição ou confiança no sacrifício de Cristo pelo pecado, respectivamente.

Sid Litke, Th.M., licenciado em 1984 pelo Seminário Teológico de Dallas, é actualmente pastor na Open Door Bible Church em Port Washington, Wisconsin.

Tradução de C. Pinto Oliveira

Related Topics: Hell

3. A Ponte

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Objectivo: O objectivo desta sessão é introduzir o discípulo à apresentação Ponte do Evangelho.

Objectivos

1. O discípulo irá familiarizar-se com a Ponte como ferramenta evangelizadora.

2. O discípulo irá memorizar versículos importantes associados com a Ponte.

3. O discípulo irá adquirir confiança no seu uso da Ponte.

Agenda

1. Partilha, responsabilidade e oração.

2. Demonstração da Ponte pelo professor ao discípulo.

3. Discutir possíveis dificuldades do discípulo.

4. Apresentação da Ponte pelo discípulo.

Introdução

O diagrama Ponte é simplesmente uma ferramenta utilizada por muitos crentes para explicar o plano de salvação a alguém sem fé. É uma expressão visual que auxilia na compreensão do conceito espiritual da salvação.

É importante que cada crente se sinta confiante quanto à sua capacidade para explicar o Evangelho e fornecer orientações claras sobre o que se deve fazer para obter a salvação.

Depois de se familiarizar e de estar confortável com o uso desta ferramenta, conseguirá fornecer uma apresentação clara e concisa num período de tempo relativamente curto. Apenas precisa de um lápis e de algo em que possa escrever: papel, guardanapos ou cartões de visita (um pouco pequenos, mas ainda assim podem ser utilizados).

À medida que desenhar as linhas do seu diagrama Ponte, irá falar acerca das verdades espirituais da Palavra de Deus, e assim fornecerá uma representação gráfica do processo de salvação, que a outra pessoa poderá levar para casa.

Oportunidades para Apresentar a Ponte

Muitas vezes deparamo-nos com oportunidades fantásticas para partilhar a nossa fé, mas ficamos tão nervosos e com tanto medo de dizermos algo errado, que acabamos por não abordar o assunto! Tal nunca mais irá acontecer depois de aprender e praticar a apresentação da Ponte. Talvez se encontre numa discussão com um amigo não-cristão e tenha a oportunidade de partilhar com ele aquilo em que acredita. Poderá questionar: “Será que posso desenhar um diagrama para te ajudar a compreender o que estou a dizer?” Ou talvez sinta a necessidade de perguntar algo como: “Se morresses esta noite, achas que irias para o Céu?” Se a resposta for “não”, poderá oferecer-se para lhe mostrar o diagrama Ponte, a fim de ajudar a explicar o que Deus diz na Bíblia sobre a vida eterna. A ilustração Ponte pode ser partilhada em cerca de 15 minutos.

Apresentação da Ponte

A Ponte é apresentada em quatro secções:

  • O Amor de Deus
  • O Problema do Ser Humano
  • A Solução de Deus
  • A Resposta do Ser Humano

Cada secção tem trechos das Escrituras que devem ser memorizados e usados para que a apresentação seja suave e repleta da poderosa Palavra de Deus. À medida que for aprendendo e praticando a apresentação da Ponte, esta tornar-se-á natural. Lembre-se de que é apenas uma ferramenta para ajudar na divulgação das Boas Novas de Jesus Cristo. É o Espírito Santo que move os corações e concede entendimento.

Apresentação da Ponte

Desenhe duas linhas com a palavra “Deus” à direita, e “Ser Humano” à esquerda.

Ponto-Chave — o Amor de Deus

  • Primeiro, fale sobre Deus e explique que a Bíblia ensina que Ele nos ama, e que deseja que tenhamos vida em abundância. Recite João 10:10.
  • O ser humano foi criado para passar tempo com Deus e ser Seu amigo, experienciando o Seu amor – Génesis 1:27.
  • O ser humano não foi criado tipo robô. Deus concedeu-lhe livre-arbítrio.

Perguntas Sugeridas

  • O que significa ter vida em abundância?
  • Estarão os seus amigos a tirar o máximo partido das suas vidas?
  • Quando pensa em Deus, quem e como é Ele?

Ponto-Chave — O Problema do Ser Humano

  • O ser humano virou as costas a Deus – Isaías 53:6.
  • A consequência do pecado humano é a separação de Deus – Romanos 3:23.
  • O salário do pecado é a morte – Romanos 6:23.
  • O homem está destinado a morrer uma só vez, e depois a enfrentar o juízo – Hebreus 9:27.
  • Todas as pessoas se encontram na mesma situação desesperante.
  • A opinião de Deus é a única que importa.

Perguntas Sugeridas

  • Concorda com a afirmação de que todos nós já pecámos?
  • Qual é a sua definição de pecado?
  • Na sua opinião, quais são as consequências do pecado?
  • Quando pensa na morte, que ideia lhe vem à mente?

Ponto-Chave — a Solução de Deus

  • Discuta o facto de que Deus nos ama e deseja que O conheçamos pessoalmente.
  • Não há nada que possamos fazer para atravessar a distância que nos separa de Deus.
  • Jesus Cristo é simultaneamente Deus e homem.
  • Quando Cristo morreu voluntariamente na cruz, tomou o nosso lugar. Suportou o castigo pelos nossos pecados e colmatou a distância por nós.

Perguntas Sugeridas

  • Se a morte é a separação de Deus, o que é a vida?
  • O que pensa sobre Cristo e sobre o motivo pelo qual Ele morreu?
  • Está familiarizado com o que a Bíblia ensina sobre o carácter substitutivo da morte de Cristo?

Ponto-Chave — A Resposta do Ser Humano

  • Cristo permitiu-nos cruzar a distância que nos separava de Deus, mas precisamos de agir de uma forma que revele que acreditamos no que Ele fez por nós.
  • Em oração, precisamos de estar em concordância com Deus, admitindo que pecámos, e recebendo Jesus como pagamento pelos nossos pecados.
  • Crer em Cristo também implica acreditar que aquilo que Ele diz nas Escrituras é verdade.

Perguntas Sugeridas

  • O que recebemos quando ouvimos e acreditamos?
  • De acordo com estes versículos, como é que alguém se pode aproximar de Deus?
  • Onde se colocaria nesta ilustração?
  • Há alguma razão que o esteja a impedir de receber Jesus e o Seu dom de vida eterna?

Presenting the Bridge To Life Illustration, Copyright ©1969, 2007 por The Navigators; reimpresso com autorização a partir de NavPress, todos os direitos reservados.

Aplicação Prática

Pratique o uso da ilustração Ponte até se sentir bastante confortável com ela e familiarizado com os versículos bíblicos a utilizar. Reveja os seus conhecimentos com frequência para que esteja sempre pronto a ajudar alguém a entender o plano de salvação de Deus. Use o diagrama abaixo para praticar a sua própria apresentação da Ponte.

Tradução de C. Pinto Oliveira

Related Topics: Discipleship

Božji Plan Spasenja

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1 Ivan 5:11-12 I ovo je svjedočanstvo da nam je Bog dao život vječni; i ovaj život vječni u sinu je njegovom. 12 Tko ima Sina ima život; tko nema Sina Božjeg nema život.

Ovo poglavlje nam govori da nam je Bog dao vječni život i da je taj život u njegovom Sinu, Isusu Kristu. Drugim riječima, način da imamo vječni život je da imamo njegovog Sina. Pitan-je je, kako netko može imati Božjeg Sina?

Problem Čovjeka

Odvojenost Od Boga

Izaija 59:2 Ne, zlodjela vaša rastavljaju vas s Bogom vašim, grijesi vaši zaklonili su lice njegovo od vas, da ne čuje.

Rimljanima 5:8 Ali Bog dokazuje svoju ljubav prema nama time što je Krist umro za nas dok smo još bili grešnici.

Prema Rimljanima 5:8, Bog je pokazao svoju ljubav prema nama kroz smrt svoga Sina. Zašto je Krist morao umrijeti za nas? Zato što Biblija jasno govori da su svi ljudi griješni. Griješiti znači raditi krivo. Biblija govori da su “svi zgriješili i nisu uspjeli dostići slavu Božju (potpuno savršenstvo svetosti)” (Rimljanima 3:23). Drugim riječima, naš grijeh nas razdvaja od Boga koji je savršena svetost (pravičnost i pravda), i stoga je Bog primoran suditi griješnog čovjeka.

Habakuk 1:13a Odveć su čiste oči tvoje, da gledaš zlo; ne možeš gledati nepravde. Zašto gledaš bezbožnika i šutiš, kad zao proždire bolje.

Uzaludnost Naših Djela

Sveto pismo nas također uči da koliko god bili dobri, činili dobra djela, ili bili moralni, religiozni - ništa od toga ne može kupiti spasenje i put u raj. Moralni, nemoralni i ne-religiozni ljudi na istom su putu. Svi oni ne mogu dostići savršenu Božju pravičnost. Nakon objašnjenja nemoralnog, moralnog i religioznog tipa ljudi u Rimljanima 1:18-3:8, Apostol Pavao govori da su i Židovi i Grci u grijehu, da “nema nijednog pravičnog, niti jednog” (Rimljanima 3:9-10). Kao dodatak ovome su deklaracije sljedećih stihova:

Efežanima 2:8-9 Jer ste milošću spašeni po vjeri, i to nije od vas, to je dar Božji,; 9 Ne od djela, da se tko ne pohvali.

Titu 3:5-7 Ne za djela pravde, koja mi učinismo, nego po svojemu milosrđu spasi nas kupelju preporođenja i obnovljenja Duha Svetoga, 6 Kojega izli na nas obilato po Isusu Kristu, Spasitelju našemu, 7 Da opravdani milošću njegovom, po nadi budemo baštinici života vječnoga.

Rimljanima 4:1-5 Što ćemo dakle reći za Abrahama, oca svojega, da je postigao po tijelu? 2 Jer ako je Abraham opravdan djelima, može se hvaliti, ali ne pred Bogom. 3 Jer što kaže pismo? “Vjerova Abraham Bogu, i uračuna mu se u pravdu.” 4 Ali onome, koji radi, ne računa se plaća po milosti, nego po dugu. 5 A onome, koji ne radi, a vjeruje u onoga, koji opravdava bezbožnika, računa se vjera njegova u pravdu.

Beskonačna količina ljudske dobrote ne može se mjeriti sa Božjom dobrotom. Bog je savršena pravičnost. Zbog toga, Habakuk 1:13 nam govori da Bog ne može imati zajedništvo ni s kim tko nema savršenu pravednost. Da bismo bili prihvaćeni od Boga, moramo biti dobri kao Bog. Pred Bogom svi stojimo goli, bespomoćni i sami u sebi beznadni. Nikakav dobar život nas neće odvesti u raj niti nam dati vječni život. Što je onda rješenje?

Božje Rješenje

Bog nije samo savršena svetost (čiji sveti karakter nikada ne možemo postići sami ili svojim djelima pravednosti), već je On također savršena ljubav i pun milosti i milosrđa. Zbog svoje ljubavi i milosti nije nas ostavio bez nade i rješenja.

Rimljanima 5:8 Ali Bog dokazuje svoju ljubav prema nama time što je Krist umro za nas dok smo još bili grešnici.

Ovo je radosna vijest iz Biblije, poruka evanđelja. To je poruka o daru vlastitog Božjeg Sina koji je postao čovjekom (Bogočovjek), živio bezgrešnim životom, umro na križu za naše grijehe i podignut iz groba dokazujući i činjenicu da je Božji Sin i vrijednost Njegove smrti za nas kao naše zamjene.

Rimljanima 1:4 koji je proglašen Sinom Božjim sa snagom uskrsnućem od mrtvih, po Duhu svetosti, Isus Krist, Gospodin naš,

Rimljanima 4:25 On koji je predan zbog naših prijestupa i koji je uskrsnuo zbog našeg opravdanja.

2 Korinćanima 5:21 On je Njega koji nije znao za grijeh učinio grijehom u našu korist, da bismo mi mogli postati Božja pravednost u Njemu.

1 Petar 3:18 Jer i Krist je jednom zauvijek umro za grijehe, pravednik za nepravedne, da nas privede Bogu, budući da je usmrćen u tijelu, ali oživljen u duhu;

Kako Primiti Božjeg Sina?

Zbog onoga što je Isus Krist postigao za nas na križu, Biblija kaže “Tko ima Sina, ima život.” Možemo primiti Sina, Isusa Krista, kao našeg Spasitelja osobnom vjerom, pouzdanjem u Kristovu osobu i Njegovu smrt za naše grijehe.

Ivan 1:12 A onima koji ga primiše dade vlast da postanu djeca Božja, {i} onima koji vjeruju u njegovo ime.

Ivan 3:16-18 Jer Bog je tako ljubio svijet da je dao svoga Sina Jedinorođenca da nijedan koji u njega vjeruje ne propadne, nego da ima život vječni. Jer Bog nije poslao Sina na svijet da sudi svijetu, nego da se svijet spasi po njemu. Tko u Njega vjeruje, ne sudi mu se; tko ne vjeruje, već je osuđen jer nije povjerovao u ime jedinorođenoga Sina Božjega.

To znači da svi moramo doći Bogu na isti način: (1) kao grešnik koji prepoznaje svoju grešnost, (2) shvaća da nikakva ljudska djela ne mogu rezultirati spasenjem, i (3) potpuno se oslanja samo na Krista samo vjerom za naše spasenje.

Ako želite primiti i vjerovati Kristu kao svom osobnom Spasitelju, možda želite izraziti svoju vjeru u Krista jednostavnom molitvom kojom priznajete svoju grešnost, prihvaćate Njegovo oproštenje i vjerujete u Krista za svoje spasenje.

Ako ste se upravo pouzdali u Krista, trebate učiti o svom novom životu i kako hodati s Gospodinom. Predlažemo da počnete proučavanjem Abecede za kršćanski rast. Ova serija će vas provesti korak po korak kroz neke osnovne istine Božje riječi i pomoći će vam da izgradite čvrst temelj za svoju vjeru u Krista.

Related Topics: Soteriology (Salvation)

Božji Plan Spasenja

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1 Ivan 5:11-12 I ovo je svjedočanstvo da nam je Bog dao život vječni; i ovaj vječni život je u njegovom sinu. 12 Ko ima Sina, ima život; ko nema Sina Božijeg, nema života.

Ovo poglavlje nam govori da nam je Bog dao vječni život i da je ovaj život u njegovom Sinu, Isusu Kristu. Drugim riječima, način da imate vječni život je da imate njegovog Sina. Pitali su ga, kako neko može imati Sina Božijeg?

Problem Čovjeka

Odvojenost Od Boga

Isajija 59:2 Ne, vaša bezakonja su vas odvojila od vašeg Boga, vaši grijesi su sakrili lice njegovo od vas, tako da on ne čuje.

Rimljanima 5:8 Ali Bog dokazuje svoju ljubav prema nama time što je Krist umro za nas dok smo još bili grešnici.

Prema Rimljanima 5:8, Zašto je Krist morao umrijeti za nas? Jer Biblija jasno kaže da su svi ljudi grešni. Grješiti znači činiti loše. Biblija kaže da su "svi sagriješili i lišeni slave Božje (punog savršenstva svetosti)" (Rimljanima 3:23). Drugim riječima, naš nas grijeh odvaja od Boga koji je savršena svetost (pravednost i pravda), te je stoga Bog prisiljen suditi grešnom čovjeku.

Habakuk 1:13a Tvoje oči su previše čiste da bi gledale zlo; ne možeš da gledaš na nepravdu. Zašto gledaš u zle i ćutiš, kad zlo proždire boljeg.

Uzaludnost Naših Djela

Sveto pismo nas uči da koliko god bili dobri, činili dobra djela ili bili moralni, religiozni - ništa od toga ne može kupiti spasenje i put u raj. Moralni, nemoralni i ne-religiozni ljudi su na istom putu. Svi oni ne mogu dostići savršenu Božju pravičnost. Nakon što je objasnio nemoralni, moralni i religiozni tip ljudi u Rimljanima 1:18-3:8, Apostol Pavle kaže da su i Jevreji i Grci u grijehu, da “nema nijednog pravednika, ni jednog” (Rimljanima 3:9-10). Kao dodatak ovome su izjave sljedećih stihova:

Efežanima 2:8-9 Jer po milosti ste spašeni kroz vjeru, a to nije od vas samih, to je dar Božji,; 9 Ne po djelima, da se ko ne pohvali.

Titu 3:5-7 Ne za djela pravde koja smo učinili, nego po svojoj milosti spasi nas u kupelji novog rođenja i obnavljanja po Duhu Svetom 6 Kojeg je obilno izlio na nas kroz Isusa Krista, našeg Spasitelja, 7 Da budemo opravdani njegovom milošću, po nadi, baštinici života vječnog.

Rimljanima 4:1-5 Šta da kažemo o Abrahamu, njegovom ocu, koji je postigao po tijelu? 2 Jer ako je Abraham opravdan djelima, može se hvaliti, ali ne pred Bogom. 3 Jer šta pismo kaže? "Abraham je vjerovao Bogu, i to mu se uračunalo u pravednost." 4 Ali onaj koji radi ne računa se po milosti, nego po dugu. 5 A onome koji ne radi, ali vjeruje u onoga koji opravdava zle, računa se njegova vjera u pravdu.

Beskonačna količina ljudske dobrote ne može se porediti sa Božjom dobrotom. Bog je savršena pravda. Zbog toga, Habakuk 1:13 nam govori da Bog ne može imati zajedništvo s bilo kim ko nema savršenu pravednost. Da bismo bili prihvaćeni od Boga, moramo biti dobri kao Bog. Pred Bogom svi stojimo goli, bespomoćni i beznadežni u sebi. Nikakva količina dobrog života nas neće odvesti u raj ili nam dati vječni život. Pa šta je rješenje?

Božje Rješenje

Bog nije samo savršena svetost (čiji sveti karakter nikada ne možemo postići sami ili svojim djelima pravednosti), već je On savršena ljubav, pun milosti i milosrđa. Zbog svoje ljubavi i milosrđa nije nas ostavio bez nade i rješenja.

Rimljanima 5:8 Ali Bog dokazuje svoju ljubav prema nama time što je Hristos umro za nas dok smo još bili grešnici.

Ovo je dobra vijest iz Biblije, evanđeoska poruka. To je poruka o daru vlastitog Sina Božijeg koji je postao čovjek (Bogočovjek), živio bezgrešnim životom, umro na križu za naše grijehe i vaskrsnuo iz groba dokazujući činjenicu da je On Sin Božji i vrijednost Njegove smrti za nas kao našu zamjenu.

Rimljanima 1:4 koji je proglašen Sinom Božjim sa silom vaskrsenja iz mrtvih, kroz Duha svetosti, Isusa Krista, Gospoda našeg,

Rimljanima 4:25 On koji je predan za naše prijestupe i uskrsnuo za naše opravdanje.

2. Korinćanima 5:21 On je učinio grijehom za nas onoga koji nije znao grijeha, da bismo postali pravednost Božja u njemu.

1. Petrova 3:18 Jer i Hristos umrije za grijehe jednom zauvijek, pravednik za nepravedne, da nas privede Bogu, pogubivši se tijelom, ali oživi duhom;

Kako Prihvatiti Božijeg Sina?

Zbog onoga što je Isus Krist učinio za nas na krstu, Biblija kaže: "Ko ima Sina, ima život." Možemo prihvatiti Sina, Isusa Krista, kao našeg Spasitelja po ličnom vjerom, vjerujući u Kristovu ličnost i Njegovu smrt za naše grijehe.

Ivan 1:12 I onima koji ga primiše dade vlast da postanu djeca Božja, {i} onima koji vjeruju u njegovo ime.

Ivan 3:16-18 Jer Bog je toliko zavolio svijet da je dao Sina svog jedinorođenog, da nijedan koji vjeruje u njega ne pogine, nego da ima život vječni. Jer Bog nije poslao Sina na svijet da sudi svijetu, nego da se svijet kroz njega spasi. Onaj ko vjeruje u Njega nije osuđen; ko ne vjeruje, već je osuđen jer nije vjerovao u ime jedinorođenog Sina Božijeg.

To znači da svi moramo doći Bogu na isti način: (1) kao grešnik koji prepoznaje svoju grešnost, (2) shvaća da nikakva ljudska djela ne mogu rezultirati spasenjem, i (3) potpuno se oslanja samo na Krista samo vjerom za naše spasenje.

Ako želite da prihvatite Krista i vjerujete mu kao svom ličnom Spasitelju, možda ćete željeti da izrazite svoju vjeru u Krista jednostavnom molitvom u kojoj priznajete svoju grešnost, prihvatate Njegovo oproštenje i vjerujete u Krista za svoje spasenje.

Ako ste se upravo pouzdali u Krista, morate naučiti o svom novom životu i kako hodati s Gospodinom. Predlažemo da počnete proučavanjem Abecede za kršćanski rast. Ova serija će vas voditi korak po korak kroz neke osnovne istine Božje riječi i pomoći vam da izgradite čvrst temelj za svoju vjeru u Krista.

Related Topics: Soteriology (Salvation)

El Diario del Pastor en la Red, Ed. Esp., Edición 4, verano 2012

Un ministerio de …

Autor: Dr. Roger Pascoe, Presidente,
Email: [email protected]

Parte I. Predicar – ¿Cómo lo hacemos?
Los Fundamentos Espirituales y Bíblicos para Predicar

Hasta el momento en esta serie sobre la predicación hemos discutido:

1. Predicar: ¿Qué es?

2. Predicar: ¿Por qué lo hacemos?

3. Predicar: ¿Cuál es nuestra responsabilidad?

En esta edición vamos a explorar “Predicar: ¿Cómo lo hacemos?” Aunque todos nosotros tenemos nuestra propia personalidad y estilo al predicar, es bueno tener un ejemplo de cómo hacerlo. No podemos mejorar los ejemplos de predicación que encontramos en la Palabra de Dios. Miremos una del Antiguo Testamento y una del Nuevo (algunas de estas ideas son adaptadas de Stephen Olford, Anointed Expository Preaching, 69-71).

A. Nehemias 8:1-12

Aquí tenemos un ejemplo de predicación bíblica del Antiguo Testamento. Preste atención al enfoque de este sermón – su estructura, presentación, y respuesta.

Primero, ellos leyeron el texto de la Palabra de Dios en público. “8 Y leían en el libro de la ley de Dios claramente,…” (8a). Lo anterior se refiere a la lectura pública de las Escrituras antes de algo fuera dicho. Dios habla a tu audiencia a medida que lees Su Palabra desde el púlpito. Esto es probablemente uno de los aspectos más importantes de la predicación. Al leer el pasaje de las Escrituras, le demuestras a tu gente cómo leer las Escrituras – con claridad de pronunciación, con variedad de énfasis y velocidad, y con reverencia. Puede que te interese practicar un capítulo en voz alta cada día a la velocidad que se hace en el púlpito. Visualizar mentalmente tu audiencia y concentrarte en nombres, palabras y puntuación difíciles. Hable con claridad de manera que todos puedan oír las palabras y entender las ideas del pasaje.

Segundo, ellos explicaron el significado de la Palabra de Dios con claridad. “…y ponían el sentido,” (8b). El versículo 9 claramente declara que ellos le enseñaban a la gente. El “poner el sentido” es explicar lo que dice y significa el pasaje. Algunas veces las personas entienden las palabras que hay en la página (lo que dice), pero no entienden lo que significa. Para explicar la Palabra con claridad primero debemos interpretarla con exactitud. La anterior se lleva a cabo en nuestro estudio personal de la Palabra y en la preparación del mensaje. La interpretación con exactitud conlleva “ … que usa bien la palabra de verdad” (2 Tim. 2:15). Usar bien la Palabra de Dios significa que tenemos que entender las palabras, la gramática, y el contexto del pasaje. Alguien ha dicho que “un texto tomado fuera de contexto es un pretexto.” El contenido hace una gran diferencia a la hora de entender lo que el autor original quería comunicar a su audiencia original. El contexto incluye el contexto histórico, gramatical, literario, teológico y sintáctico.

Solo cuando lo entendemos nosotros mismos, lo podremos explicar con claridad a otros. Luego, para que nuestra explicación de la Palabra sea clara, tenemos que usar un lenguaje y hablar en un nivel que la audiencia entienda. Es ahí cuando tiene lugar la comunicación. Muchos oyentes no saben lo que significan algunas palabras de la Biblia. No tenemos la autoridad de cambiar las palabras – nuestro trabajo es explicar lo que significan en su contexto.

Nuestra tarea principal al predicar es explicar el significado de la Palabra de Dios, de manera tal que las personas la entiendan. Recuerda mi definición de predicación bíblica: “La predicación bíblica es la proclamación de la Palabra de Dios, y el objetivo de ello es generar una respuesta de transformación espiritual en los oyentes, al (a) interpretar su significado con exactitud, (b) explicar su verdad claramente, (c) declarar con autoridad su mensaje en el poder del Espíritu Santo, y (d) aplicar de manera práctica su significancia para la vida contemporánea.”

Al seguir este patrón, exponemos la Palabra de Dios para que la personas puedan ver su verdad y escuchar a Dios hablando.

Tercero, ellos aplicaron el sentido de la Palabra de Dios. “y ponían el sentido, de modo que entendiesen la lectura.” (8c). Esto es aplicar las Escrituras (cf. vv. 10-12). Ellos le ponían el sentido lo cual les ayudaba a “que entendiesen la lectura.” Aquí, “entender” implica su relevancia para la vida, su aplicación en la vida.

Por último, ellos hicieron un llamado a responder a la Palabra de Dios. “10 Luego les dijo: Id, … Y todo el pueblo se fue a comer y a beber, y a obsequiar porciones, y a gozar de grande alegría, porque habían entendido las palabras que les habían enseñado.” (10-12). El fresco entendimiento de la Palaba de Dios demanda una nueva manera de vivir. Si nuestro comportamiento, actitudes, creencias, y obras no cambian, entonces fue que o no entendimos o que estamos siendo desobedientes a lo que sabemos. El entendimiento debe producir obediencia a las cosas de Dios. Para que eso suceda, el predicador tiene que aplicar el sentido que tiene la verdad para la vida de los oyentes, mostrarles cómo es vivir la verdad. Y parte de la aplicación es el llamado a una respuesta práctica a la verdad.

En la aplicación es donde mostramos cómo el texto es relevante para la vida de los oyentes. A menos que lo hagamos, no podremos esperar que respondan, no podemos esperar que sus vidas sean transformadas por la Palabra por medio del Espíritu. La predicación solo logra su objetivo cuando cambia el carácter y la conducta de las personas.

B. Lucas 24:25-35

Aquí tenemos un buen ejemplo del modelo de predicación de Jesús. Él “les declaraba en todas las Escrituras lo que de él decían.” (27). Jesús era un predicador (expositor) bíblico. Él aprovechó cualquier oportunidad para exponer las Escrituras – Él predicó “a tiempo y a destiempo” (2 Tim. 4:2). Así como Jesús, sea que nuestra audiencia sea pequeña o grande, formal o informal, nuestro manejo de la Palabra debe ser expositivo si queremos que sea bíblico. En otras palabras, si queremos que sea verdaderamente escritural tiene que derivarse de una exposición y exégesis sólida.

Notemos que, en este pasaje, el modelo de la predicación de Jesús es seguido por su efecto.

1. El modelo de predicación de Jesús. Cuando Jesús predicó, él se refirió a el texto de las Escrituras. “Y comenzando desde Moisés, y siguiendo por todos los profetas, les declaraba en todas las Escrituras lo que de él decían.” (27a). por supuesto que “todas las Escrituras” se refiere a la Ley, los Salmos, los Hagiógrafos, y los Profetas. Como predicadores, tenemos que predicar todo el consejo de Dios. Entonces, no prediques solo tus libros o pasajes favoritos, sino el alcance completo de las Escrituras – “toda las Escrituras.

Después, Jesús explicó el significado de las Escrituras. les declaraba …” (27b). La palabra traducida como “declaraba” viene de dos palabras griegas: (1) “a través” (o “por”); y (2) “interpretación” (literalmente, “hermenéutica”). Entonces, Jesús les aclaró las Escrituras al interpretar con cuidado su significado. Esta es una tarea muy importante de los predicadores – entender lo que quiso decir el autor original y luego explicarlo con claridad a su congregación de modo que ellos puedan verlo y entenderlo.

Parte de explicar lo que significa las Escrituras y hacérselos claro es usar ilustraciones (tal como lo hizo Jesús) de diferentes áreas y ámbitos de vida.

La Explicación es probablemente el único factor que se hace menos y peor en la predicación contemporánea – probablemente porque es difícil y requiere un trabajo duro. Pero es el aspecto más importante de la predicación por varios factores: (a) porque nuestra tarea es hacer claro lo que para nuestra gente no resulta claro por sí mismos, y (b) porque si no explica debidamente el significado, ¿cómo puede esperar que las personas lo obedezcan? En otras palabras, ellos tienen que saber el “qué” antes de que puedan responder a el “cómo.” Así pues, la explicación viene antes de la aplicación.

Tercero, Jesús expuso el asunto de las Escrituras. “…lo que de él decían.” ( 27c). Él les mostró que las Escrituras testificaba de Él (cf. Jn.5 :39). Él es el tema de toda las Escrituras. Nosotros, como predicadores, tenemos que ver a Cristo en todas las Escrituras y apuntar las personas hacia Él. Fallamos en nuestra tarea de predicadores expositores si Jesús no es el tema de todas nuestras prédicas. Predicamos “a Cristo y a este crucificado” para que Él pueda “conformarnos a la imagen del Hijo de Dios” (Rom 8:29, véase también 2 Tim. 3:16-17, 2 Cor. 3:18, Col. 1:28)

Luego, Jesús aplicó la importancia personal de las Escrituras - “¡Oh insensatos, y tardos de corazón para creer todo lo que los profetas han dicho!” (25). Esto fue una aplicación directa a ellos. Jesús los estaba desafiando por su falta de fe en Él y en las Escrituras que hablaban de Él. Ellos necesitaban su exhortación aquí para despertarlos y así supieran quién era Él.

Aplicadas correctamente, las Escrituras siempre ministran productiva y personalmente. Toda verdad tiene una aplicación para la vida: “El que quiera hacer la voluntad de Dios, conocerá si la doctrina es de Dios, o si yo hablo por mi propia cuenta.” (Jn. 7:17). La negativa a obedecer a la verdad anula todo el propósito de la predicación.

El predicador expositivo tiene que relacionar la aplicación de las Escrituras de tal forma que su relevancia para nuestro carácter y conducta sea tanto indiscutible como irresistible (ver Rom. 6:17, Santiago 1:22-25).

Por último, Jesús reveló la verdad central de las Escrituras “¿No era necesario que el Cristo padeciera estas cosas, y que entrara en su gloria? (26). Jesús les mostró que el plan de redención de Dios requería que Él sufriera antes de entrar en su gloria. Si estas dos personas a las que Jesús les estaba hablando hubieran entendido las Escrituras con claridad y precisión, hubieran sabido que la crucifixión de Jesús era un precursor necesario para su resurrección y glorificación. Su muerte no tendría por que haber causado que se fueran de Jerusalén desesperados, pensando que todo había terminado, sino que hubiera causado que ellos esperaran y buscaran su resurrección y ascensión.

2. El efecto de la predicación de Jesús (adaptado de Olford, Preaching the Word of God, 45ff.). La predicación de Jesús generaba una respuesta inmediata en sus oyentes. Primero, la predicación de las Escrituras les calentó sus corazones. “¿No ardía nuestro corazón en nosotros, mientras nos hablaba en el camino, y cuando nos abría las Escrituras? (32). “corazón” aquí está en singular. Sus corazones se fundieron en uno bajo el ardiente poder de las palabras de Jesús. Esta es la respuesta que esperamos suceda en nuestras congregaciones, ¿verdad? Los corazones han de fundirse bajo la predicación de la Palabra.

Segundo, la predicación de las Escrituras bendijo su hogar. “28 Llegaron a la aldea adonde iban, y él hizo como que iba más lejos. 29 Mas ellos le obligaron a quedarse, diciendo: Quédate con nosotros, porque se hace tarde, y el día ya ha declinado. Entró, pues, a quedarse con ellos. 30 Y aconteció que estando sentado con ellos a la mesa, tomó el pan y lo bendijo, lo partió, y les dio.’” (28-30). A través de la predicación de las Escrituras, Jesús “transformó ese hogar en un santuario y la cena en un sacramento” (Olford, 46). El resultado fue que el hogar de los discípulos fue cambiado instantáneamente. Este debería ser nuestro objetivo al predicar la Palabra – que los corazones sean calentados y los hogares bendecidos de forma que nunca sean los mismos.

Tercero, la exposición de las Escrituras develó sus mentes. “Entonces les fueron abiertos los ojos, y le reconocieron; más él se desapareció de su vista.” (31). Eso es lo que la predicación bíblica hace. Abre los ojos espirituales de las personas a la verdad de quién es Jesús.

Cuarto, la exposición de las Escrituras levantó sus esperanzas. “Y levantándose en la misma hora, volvieron a Jerusalén, y hallaron a los once reunidos, y a los que estaban con ellos, 34 que decían: Ha resucitado el Señor verdaderamente, y ha aparecido a Simón. 35 Entonces ellos contaban las cosas que les habían acontecido en el camino, y cómo le habían reconocido al partir el pan.” (33-35). Antes de escuchar a Jesús exponiendo las Escrituras sus esperanzas estaban frustradas. Pero después, sus esperanzas volvieron a la vida porque Jesús estaba vivo. Jesús estaba vivo físicamente, pero Él también cobró vida para ellos espiritualmente. Ellos entendieron su presencia viva (34), su paz viva (36), y su poder vivo (49).

3. Conclusiones. Además de estos dos ejemplos de predicación bíblica, podemos destacar los ejemplos de los apóstoles:

a) Pedro (Hechos 2:14-36). Exposición de Joel y Salmos.

b) Esteban (Hechos 7). Exposición de partes históricas de Génesis y Éxodo. Esta es la mejor exposición de Génesis 1 en la Biblia.

c) Felipe (Hechos 8:26-35). “Comenzando desde esta escritura, le anunció (Felipe) el evangelio de Jesús,” (35) – exposición de Isaías 53.

d) Pablo (Hechos 17:1-3; 28:23). Él debatió con ellos sobre las Escrituras concernientes a Cristo.

Entonces, podemos concluir que la predicación bíblica es una predicación expositiva -i.e. una predicación que expone la Palabra de Dios de manera que las personas puedan entenderla y obedecerla. La predicación Bíblica en su forma básica es predicar las Escrituras de tal manera que la santa e inalterable Palabra de Dios forme la base en detalle de cada parte del sermón. El título, los puntos principales y los subtemas todo viene del texto. Tal predicación lleva a las personas a las Escrituras, y su aplicación a sus vidas se vuelve clara desde ellas.

Este modelo está basado en el predicador siendo simplemente el portavoz de lo que dicen y significan las Escrituras, dejando que Dios hable a través de su Palabra, lo cual es nuestra única autoridad para predicar. Como lo dijo una vez el Dr. Olford, el clamor de estos tiempos es la necesidad por el regreso a una predicación expositiva de la Palabra de Dios. La iglesia solo puede crecer, prosperar, y servir cuando es instruida e inspirada por la exposición y aplicación de las Escrituras. La tarea de la predicación bíblica es dejar que la Palabra de Dios hable, sacar del texto lo que haya en él y exponerlo para que todos lo vean y respondan a ello.

La palabra de Dios es el único, verdadero y duradero recurso de esperanza para el desesperanzado (Efe. 2:12). Solo ella puede transformar la vida de las personas cuando la entienden y la obedecen. La predicación es la manera como Dos ha escogido comunicar su palabra y los predicadores son los instrumentos que Dios ha escogido para llevar esto a cabo, semana tras semana, por medio del poder del Espíritu Santo.

Parte II. Liderazgo: Ser un Modelo A Seguir Devoto,
“Ser de Ejemplo Personal en Pensamiento, Palabra, y Hechos”

Estamos estudiando lo que significa mostrar a otros un carácter devoto, cómo guiar a otros a través de nuestro propio ejemplo. En ediciones anteriores de este diario hemos mirado cómo ser un ejemplo de compromiso, consistencia, confianza, consagración, compasión, y competencia. En esta edición examinaremos lo que significa ser un ejemplo en conducta y conversación.

Voy a tratar con mayor detalle con nuestra conducta y conversación cuando lleguemos al tema de “santidad.” Pero, permítanme hacer aquí algunas observaciones.

A. Ser un ejemplo en Conducta

Luego de alentar a Timoteo a que “ninguno tenga en poco tu juventud” – en una cultura donde los hombres mayores eran venerados y los hombres jóvenes (especialmente en los asuntos a ver con el liderazgo de la iglesia) era vistos con menosprecio – Pablo escribe, “sino sé ejemplo de los creyentes en …, conducta,” amor, espíritu, fe y pureza. (1 Tim. 4:12).

La forma en que Timoteo se debía guardar de ser menospreciado por su edad es siendo “…un ejemplo… en conducta”. Lo que Pablo dijo es, “No dejes que te menosprecien por ser joven (después de todo tú eres mi delegado apostólico y te he dado la autoridad de mandar y enseñar estas cosas). En vez de eso, actúa de tal manera que no solo no te menosprecien, ¡sino que de hecho to miren con respeto!”

Entonces, ¿qué tipo de conducta, piensas, generaría este tipo de respeto de otros quienes se verían tentados de otro modo a despreciarte? Claramente, es una conducta “piadosa”. Una conducta que produzca que la gente reconozca que Dios está trabajando en tu vida.

Al escribirle a Tito, Pablo dice, “presentándote tú en todo como ejemplo de buenas obras;” (Tit. 2:7-10). Las buenas obras en el contexto de las responsabilidades de Tito dentro de la comunidad de creyentes incluyen integridad de doctrina (enseñanzas sanas), reverencia (conducta sana), palabras en las que nadie pueda hallar faltas (discurso sano), obediencia a los maestros, agradable en todo, no siendo respondón, no robando, sino mostrando fidelidad, para que los que siguen su modelo “en todo, adornen la doctrina de Dios nuestro Salvador.

Eso es lo que necesitamos modelar como líderes cristianos – conducta piadosa, buenas obras que motiven a otros a glorificar a Dios en palabra y obras.

Referente a la propia conducta de Pablo él le dijo a los Tesalonicenses, “ni buscamos gloria de los hombres;.. Antes fuimos tiernos entre vosotros,... trabajando de noche y de día,” (1 Tes. 2:1-12). Su conducta entre ellos fue un modelo de un hombre de Dios – de alguien que otros querrían imitar.

B. Se Un Ejemplo En Conversación

“sé ejemplo de los creyentes en palabra (1 Tim. 4:12). “presentándote tú en todo como ejemplo de buenas obras; en la enseñanza mostrando integridad, seriedad, 8 palabra sana e irreprochable, de modo que el adversario se avergüence, y no tenga nada malo que decir de vosotros.” (Tit. 2:7-8).

Cuidado con las conversaciones comprometedoras o pecaminosas – p.ej. chismes, calumnias, mentiras, engaño, inferencias, insinuaciones, seducción, murmuración, queja, alardes, exageraciones, bromas pesadas (cf. Efe.4:25, 29, 31; 5:4; Col. 3:8-9; 4:6; Mat. 15:11, 17-20). Puedes ser arrastrado a este tipo de conversaciones muy fácilmente antes de que te des cuenta.

El chisme, la calumnia, el chismorreo etc., son muy comunes entre los cristianos. Ello indica un estado pobre de espiritualidad – de alguien que no anda con Dios, que no muestra la ternura y gracia de Cristo.

Este tipo de conversaciones generalmente surge por asuntos de poder o baja auto estima – las personas usan este tipo de cosas ofensivas sobre otros para elevarse ellos mismos. Asegurémonos de ser humildes y amables en nuestras conversaciones con y acerca de otros.

Cuidado con las bromas. Cuando alguien comienza a contar un chiste, yo me encojo por dentro. A veces, aún con cristianos, les he dicho que no lo quiero oír. No te dejes atrapar en charlatanería – eso lleva a la necedad (Efe. 5:4). Además, los chistes pueden ser malinterpretados, y a medida lo son, para que signifiquen otra cosa que tú no quisiste decir, en cuyo caso podrían ofender a las personas.

Joseph Stowell dice: “si violamos la integridad por medio de nuestras palabras en momentos más casuales e informales, entonces estaremos minando la capacidad de nuestras palabras de cargar el peso apropiado cuando hablemos en nombre de Dios” (Joseph Stowell, Shepherding the Church, 154).

Parte III. Pensamientos Devocionales
“Ministerio Auténtico: ¿Qué es?” (2 Cor. 4:1-6)

Pablo había sido objeto de muchas acusaciones falsas tanto de los “falsos apóstoles” 2 Cor. 11:13) como de los cristianos de Corinto. Los falsos apóstoles lo habían acusado de se inconsistente, falto de autoridad, de ser débil en presencia y discurso, y de esconderse detrás de poderosas cartas en vez de confrontarlos cara a cara (2 Cor. 10:10ss.). los Corintos lo habían acusado de no ser confiable, al decir que iba a visitarlos, pero no lo hizo (cf. 2 Cor. 1:15-20). Irónicamente, los falsos apóstoles estaban acusando a Pablo de ser falso.

Esta segunda epístola a los Corintos es en verdad una apologética personal. Su defensa propia y la de su ministerio. En este pasaje (2 Cor. 4:1-6), Pablo presenta las marcas de un ministro verdadero.

A. Un Ministro Verdadero Tiene Un Corazón Valiente (4:1).

“teniendo nosotros este ministerio según la misericordia que hemos recibido, no desmayamos.” “Este ministerio” es el ministerio del nuevo pacto (3:6-18), el ministerio del Espíritu (3:6,8), el ministerio de la justificación (3:9), el ministerio de gloria (3:8), este tipo de ministerio anima (3:12) y nos alienta (4:1).

La base sobre la cual tenemos este ministerio es que “hemos recibido misericordia” (cf. Efe. 2:4, 7), no por algún mérito o habilidad propia, sino porque hemos nacido de nuevo. -i.e. “recibimos misericordia” (cf. 1 Tim. 1:12-17). Porque debido a toda la gracia de Dios no hay lugar en el ministerio para la autoaprobación, ni la autocomprobación. No es nuestro ministerio, es de Dios y el nos lo ha confiado sobre la misma base sobre la que hemos recibido su misericordia, su salvación.

Saber que nuestro ministerio está enraizado en la gracia de Dios nos llena de valor. Por el que nos otorgó su gracia en la salvación continuaremos haciendo nuestro ministerio. “por lo tanto no desmayamos.” Aunque enfrentamos los mismos obstáculos que enfrentó Pablo (i.e. físicos, espirituales, sociales etc.), aún así debido a la misericordia de Dios, no desmayamos (cf. 1 Cor. 15:58) – es decir, tenemos valor.

B. Un Ministro Verdadero Practica la Transparencia (4:2).

1. Los ministros verdaderos renuncian al secretismo y al engaño. Aquellos que han recibido misericordia “Antes bien renunciamos a lo oculto y vergonzoso (o, deshonestidad)." Rechazan las prácticas de los ministros falsos. El evangelio cambia todo – nuestros motivos y métodos. Renunciamos a las costumbres viejas asociadas con el hombre viejo y practicadas por los falsos maestros – Aquellos que no han recibido la misericordia.

Los ministros verdaderos no practican en secreto cosas que serían vergonzosas si se supieran por otros – sean estas cosas motivos, pensamientos, deseos, hábitos, lujurias – especialmente aquellos que apelan a los sentidos (sensuales) (cf. 2:17). Esto es lo que está haciendo tropezar a tantos ministros hoy en día – particularmente la pornografía, lo cual es las dos cosas, secreta y vergonzosa.

Los ministros auténticos no “andan con picardía.” No tratan falsamente con otros – sin engaños. Ese estilo de vida es característico de los que una vez fueron “hijos de desobediencia” (cf. Efe. 2.1-3). Pero ya no más. Cualquier cosa que se huela a astucia toma su carácter de Satanás (Gen. 3:1, Jn. 8:44). Por lo tanto, aquellos que practican la astucia en sus ministerios (i.e. no son transparentes) son ministros de Satanás (2 Cor. 11:13-15), no de Dios.

Los ministros verdaderos no andan “adulterando la palabra de Dios.” Ellos no malinterpretan la verdad del evangelio. Ellos no usan las Escrituras incorrectamente o para sus propios propósitos.

2. Los ministros verdaderos manifiestan sinceridad y honradez. Los ministros verdaderos son exactamente lo opuesto de los falsos ministros en carácter y práctica. Ellos no practican el secretismo y el engaño, sino que son sinceros y honrados.

Ellos “manifiestan la verdad” en palabra y conducta, y así ello es manifiesto a toda conciencia humana. Otros intuitivamente los reconocen como verdaderos, transparentes. Sus acciones y palabras hablan bien de sí mismos al discernimiento de otros.

Los ministros verdaderos actúan “delante de Dios.” Esa es la esfera en la que todo está abierto y desnudo, nada está escondido o en secreto. Este es un estándar mayor de escrutinio que la conciencia humana o la inspección. Cada ministro del evangelio es responsable ante Dios. Este es el examen final: ¿A quién servimos? ¿Eres consciente de servir a Dios, de su inspección y aprobación a tu ministerio? ¿Estás caminando en la luz y no tienes miedo de lo que pueda salir a la luz? (Jn. 3:19-20).

C. Un Ministro Verdadero Declara El Evangelio (4:3-4).

El evangelio está encubierto a aquellos que están pereciendo. Aunque se predica abiertamente, su verdad está encubierta a aquellos cuyas mentes están cegadas por el “dios de este siglo.” El ministerio del evangelio, el cual es glorioso y vivificante (3:6-11), ciertamente, no tiene efecto en aquellos que no creen. Esto no es admitir que el evangelio es ineficaz sino admitir la efectividad del engaño de Satanás en aquellos que no creen. Sus mentes están entenebrecidas (cf. 3:13-18) por el engaño de Satanás de manera que la luz del evangelio de la gloria de Cristo no puede brillar en ellos – para que no puedan ver y creer en el ÚNICO que es la “imagen de Dios” (cf. Heb. 1:3).

Esto es por lo que Satanás “ha cegado sus mentes” – él no quiere que ellos vislumbren la representación exacta de Dios en Cristo, porque si lo hiciera los perdería. No hay nada impotente o inefectivo en el evangelio. El problema es con las mentes de los oyentes, no con el mensaje. Éste es glorioso, pero ellos están engañados. Es abierto, pero está encubierto para ellos.

Así que, el evangelio está “encubierto” (oculto, obstruido, atenuado) a aquellos que están “pereciendo” (quienes voluntariamente lo rechazan), y tras su incredulidad se encuentra el engaño de Satanás, quien es el padre de la mentira. Satanás no tiene influencia en la era venidera, pero en esta era a él se le permite una medida de influencia, una influencia que él ha usurpado y que es solo temporal.

Satanás es el “dios de este siglo” – ante quien la mayoría de esta era se somete, aquel cuyo carácter está estampado en esta era (engaño, rebelión, sensualidad), aquel que engaña a la humanidad para que se arrodillen ante él en vez de hacerlo ante Dios.

D. Un Ministro Verdadero Sirve “En el Nombre de Jesús” (4:5-6).

No se trata de nosotros (5). “Porque no nos predicamos a nosotros mismos, sino a Jesucristo como Señor,.” A Él es a quien servimos y a él es a quien predicamos – a “Jesucristo como Señor,” Somos sus siervos que proclamamos un mensaje sobre Él, no sobre nosotros. Si fuera sobre nosotros, podríamos entender por qué algunos no creerían a nuestro mensaje, pero es sobre Él:

  • Cristo – el ungido (“predicamos a Cristo y a este crucificado”)
  • Jesús – el Salvador
  • El Señor – El Amo, el ÚNICO supremo, Soberano

Solo hay un Señor, un Maestro y no somos nosotros. No somos jefes, ni señores sobre el rebaño (1 Ped. 5:3). Somos sus ministros – “sus siervos por amor a Jesús.” Somos ministros que servimos al pueblo de Dios “por amor a Jesús.” Por eso hacemos lo que hacemos.

Así como Jesús se volvió un siervo (Fil. 2:7) así también nosotros nos hacemos siervos del pueblo de Dios por amor a Jesús. Ministros que hacen a sí mismos famosos y cuyo ministerio es más sobre ellos que sobre el mensaje, más sobre el vaso que sobre el tesoro, no son ministros verdaderos por amor a Jesús.

No se trata de nosotros: se trata de Dios (6), el ÚNICO que, en la creación, “mandó a que de las tinieblas brillara la luz” (6). Y Él ha hecho brillar su luz spiritual in nuestros corazones para iluminar nuestro entendimiento de la gloria de Dios reflejada en el rostro de Jesucristo. No podemos llevar la salvación, solo Dios puede. Solo el Dios de la creación es el Dios de la redención (nueva creación). La luz del mundo es Jesús – el que creó la luz se volvió luz. Esto estaba muy vívido en la memoria de Pablo, cuando la luz de Dios lo envolvió en el camino a Damasco y llenó su alma con la luz del conocimiento de la gloria de Dios en el rostro de Jesucristo. Solo el rostro de Cristo pudo adecuadamente, correctamente, y completamente manifestar la gloria de Dios de tal forma que la pudiéramos entender.

Dios mandó a que brillara la luz “saliendo” de la oscuridad, y a través del evangelio él ha transmitido “dentro” de nuestros corazones la luz del conocimiento de su gloria encarnada en el rostro humano de Jesús (Jn. 1:14). Así como en su obra de la creación, Dios mandó a que la luz brillara saliendo de la oscuridad, así mismo en su obra de redención él mandó a que la Luz brillara en la oscuridad de la condición humana para que pudiéramos conocerle.

La fuente de la verdad absoluta (sobre quién somos, quién es Dios etc.) solo proviene de Dios. “Yo soy… la verdad”, dijo Jesús. Él es la final y total revelación de Dios. De ahí que, es en su “rostro” (su persona, su identificación) que llegamos a conocer a nuestro glorioso Dios.

Parte IV. Boceto del Sermón

Preparar un sermón es un trabajo duro. Quizá uno de los aspectos más difíciles de la preparación de un sermón es descubrir la estructura del pasaje. Primero, necesitamos identificar el asunto - ¿de qué está hablando el autor? Una vez hayas identificado el asunto del pasaje, la siguiente tarea es descubrir lo que dice el autor sobre el asunto – ¿qué señalamientos hace sobre el asunto? Por supuesto, todos los puntos sobre los que escribe estarán conectados con el asunto (eso es lo que le da unidad a un sermón) y, aun así, cada aspecto del asunto es diferente del anterior y del siguiente (eso es lo que le da secuencia al sermón, su flujo de pensamiento). Generalmente, en un pasaje de las Escrituras, el autor desarrolla dos o tres, quizá cuatro, puntos sobre el asunto. A menos que los identifiques con precisión no podrás preparar efectivamente tu sermón.

Una vez hayas identificado el asunto y los puntos que el autor desarrolla sobre el asunto, ahora tienes la estructura del pasaje, la cual, por supuesto, forma el boceto de tu sermón.

Este proceso aplica para cualquier forma de comunicación. Para poder comunicarnos coherentemente, todo tiene que conectarse con el mismo asunto. Y para comunicarnos con lógica, cada punto tiene que ser una progresión en el desarrollo del asunto.

En cada edición del el Diario ONLINE del Pastor, les he entregado bocetos de sermones para que puedan ver cómo los he desarrollado desde un pasaje. Estos bocetos de sermón provienen de una serie de predicaciones que he realizado sobre el evangelio de Juan.

Boceto de sermón #7, la sanación del hombre ciego, Pt. 2 continuación (Juan 9:24-34).

Asunto: Jesús es el Enviado por Dios

Punto #1, 2, 3 – ver la edición de primavera de 2012 (NPJ 3)

Punto #4: La Hostilidad de los Líderes Religiosos (24-34)

1. Hostilidad basada en su compromiso con Dios (24-25)

2. Hostilidad basada en su compromiso con Moisés (26-34)

Boceto de Sermón #8, la sanación del hombre ciego, Pt. 3 (Juan 9:35-41).

Asunto: Jesús es el Único Enviado de Dios

Punto #1: Jesús vino al mundo para salvar (35-38)

1. Él vino al mundo para salvar a quienes “creen” en Él (35-36)

2. Él vino al mundo para salvar a quienes “lo ven” a Él (37-38)

Punto #2: Jesús vino al mundo para separar (39-41)

1. Él vino al mundo para dar vista spiritual a los creyentes (39b)

2. Él vino al mundo para dar vista spiritual a los no creyentes (39c-41)

Related Topics: Pastors

The Captain of the Lord’s Army (Joshua 5:13-15)

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Introduction

Joshua chapter 5 describes the consecration of the people of Israel in preparation for the great task that lay before them. As such, it stands as a bridge between the crossing of the Jordan and the beginning of the military campaigns to subjugate the inhabitants of the Land. For many, however, especially to those trained in military tactics, this chapter may seem like an enigma, at least from man’s point of view. And of course, that’s precisely the issue here. God’s ways are infinitely higher than our ways. From all appearances now was the time to attack the enemy. The people of Israel were filled with the excitement and motivation of having miraculously crossed the Jordan on dry ground. Further, they apparently knew the enemy was in disarray from the standpoint of their morale (5:1); surely, it was time to strike. Many of the military leaders under Joshua’s command may have been thinking or even saying, “For goodness sake, let’s not wait. Let’s go! Now is the logical time and the enemy is ripe for the taking!”

But in God’s economy and plan there are spiritual values, priorities, and principles that are far more vital and fundamental to victory or our capacity to attack and demolish the fortresses that the world has raised up against the knowledge and plan of God (2 Cor. 10:4-5). Looking at conditions from our perspective of deadlines, feeling the pressure to perform and accomplish things to please people and sometimes our own egos, we are too often in a hurry to get the show on the road. But to be victorious or successful from God’s standpoint, certain things are essential if we are going to attack the various fortresses of life in His strength and according to His principles. Perhaps, a letter written by an Englishman during World War II may illustrate the point:

As one man, the whole nation has handed over all its resources to the Government. We have invested the Cabinet with the right to conscript any of us for any task, to take our goods, our money, our all. Never have rich men set such little store by their wealth; never have we been so ready to lay down life itself, if only our cause may triumph.1

Before Israel was ready to face the enemy, they too needed a similar preparation of heart and willingness to submit to God’s directions that they might also experience His power. To ensure that, God took them through several events to instruct and prepare them for battle. Chapter 5 falls into five instructive sections with each one being fundamental to victory. These include:

(1) A statement regarding the morale of the inhabitants of the land (5:1). Essential to spiritual victory is our understanding that in Christ, all the enemies we face are in essence defeated foes (cf. Rom. 6; Col. 2:1-15; Heb. 2:14).

(2) The renewal of the rite of circumcision (5:2-9). As a sign of God’s covenant with Abraham, circumcision stood for Israel’s faith in God’s promises which included the possession of the land as their inheritance. It was an act of faith and spiritual preparation.

(3) The observance of the Passover (5:10). By partaking of the Passover, Israel was to relive their deliverance out of Egypt by the blood of the Lamb, but as with circumcision, this too was related to the land. As observing the Passover in Egypt protected them from the destroying angel, it also assured them of two more things: (a) that just as crossing the Red Sea would be followed by the destruction of the Egyptians, (b) so likewise the crossing of the Jordan would be followed by the defeat of the Canaanites. Remembering the past became an excellent preparation of faith for the tests of the future.

(4) Eating of the produce of the land with the ceasing of the manna (5:11-12). Observing the Passover stood for God’s deliverance out of Egypt and from judgment of the destroying angel, but for God’s covenant people, deliverance from Egypt included the promise they would inherit the land, a land of abundance, a land of wheat, barley, fig trees, olive oil and honey (cf. Deut. 8:8-9). It spoke of their new beginning, of their new life as the people of God delivered from judgment and rock solid in the place of blessing. May I repeat the principle: the Passover not only looked back, but it looked forward to their new life in the land enjoying its abundant blessings by the power of God, and so eating of the produce was an act of confirmation of God’s abundant blessing.

(5) Joshua’s encounter with the Captain of the hosts of the Lord (5:13-15). This becomes the last key event of preparation. But why this encounter?

With everything apparently now prepared for the conquest of the land, the next scene opens with Joshua, God’s appointed commander of Israel, not in the camp of Israel at Gilgal, but by the city of Jericho. What do you suppose Joshua was doing there? He was surely about the Lord’s work and gathering information about the city and its fortifications in preparation to launch his attack. He was naturally concerned about several things. First of all, he needed a plan of action. Just how would they go about attacking Jericho, probably the best fortified city of Canaan? Besieging a city like Jericho was something for which they had little or no experience. Further, they undoubtedly lacked equipment like battering rams, catapults, scaling ladders or moving towers. All they had were swords, arrows, slings, and spears which naturally would seem totally inadequate for the task before them. So how would Joshua prepare his army and how should they go about taking the city? He must have felt like the weight of the world was pressing down on his shoulders.

Can we fault Joshua for being at Jericho and surveying the situation? Absolutely not. In fact, another great leader, Nehemiah, did the same when faced with the fallen condition of the walls of Jerusalem. But nevertheless, Joshua needed an encounter with the God he served that he might grasp afresh an important truth, one that was equally vital as part of his preparation for victory by the power of God. As all of God’s saints tend to get their eyes on the enormous tasks facing them at times, something was missing in Joshua’s perspective or mindset as he looked over the city of Jericho. Perhaps he simply needed to be reminded of some very important truth for both clarification and encouragement.

Suddenly, while surveying the situation, Joshua was confronted with a man standing opposite him with his sword drawn in his hand.

Joshua 5:13a. Now it came about when Joshua was by Jericho, that he lifted up his eyes and looked, and behold, a man was standing opposite him with his sword drawn in his hand, . . .

The Man’s Position

With Joshua’s mind engrossed in his concerns about the task before him and feeling the weight of the responsibility on his shoulders, he looks up and there stands a man with sword drawn. What kind of picture does this bring to mind and what does it mean? Standing with any weapon drawn is a military position of one who either stands guard or who stands ready to go against a foe defensively or offensively. Standing with sword drawn suggested he was there to fight either against, or with, or for Israel.

The Man’s Identity

Verse 14 will tell us that this man came as the “captain of the hosts of the Lord,” the commander of the Lord’s army. Joshua’s response in verse 14b and the statement of the captain in verse 15 show this was a theophany, or better, based on the truth of John 1:1-18, it was a Christophany. A Christophany is a manifestation of the preincarnate Christ, who, as the Logos, is the one who reveals God. If only a man or an angel, he would certainly have repelled Joshua’s worshipful response (vs. 14). Compare the response of Paul in Acts 14:8-20 to those who wanted to make them into gods and the response of the angel to John in Revelation 19:10.

Here then, the preincarnate Christ appears to Joshua to teach, guard, and reinforce certain vital truths for God’s people and especially for those in positions of leadership, which really includes all believers to some degree.

Joshua’s Question
(vs. 13b)

. . . and Joshua went to him and said to him, “Are you for us or for our adversaries?”

This was a natural response to a man with his sword drawn and it expressed Joshua’s concern as well as his courage. No one from the army of Israel should have been there for evidently no orders had been given for anyone to leave the camp. So who was this stranger who suddenly appeared out of nowhere? Surely, Joshua thought, “Since he is not one of ours, could he be the enemy, or perhaps someone who has come to help us?”

But in view of the answer given to Joshua, Joshua’s question reveals a typical mindset that poses a threat and a hindrance to our effectiveness in the service of the Savior. What then is that mindset? We tend to see the battles we face as our battles and the forces we face as forces marshaled against us and our individual causes, concerns, agendas, and even our theological beliefs or positions on doctrine. And in a sense, that is true, if we are truly standing in the cause of Christ. But there is another sense in which that is simply not true, and that is the issue here.

The Answer Given to Joshua
(vs. 14a)

And he said, “No, rather I indeed come now as captain of the host of the Lord.”

The answer comes in two parts. The first part of the answer is seen in a flat negation of either one of Joshua’s options. The first answer is simply a flat “neither.” Why didn’t he say, “I am here for you and for Israel”? But in essence, the man with the drawn sword said, “Neither; I am not here to take sides, yours or that of anyone else.”

The second part of the answer gives the reason. In other words, “I am here, not to take sides, but to take over and take charge as Commander of the Lord’s army.”

This is so important and lays down two principles that are foundational for all of life and our warfare against the forces of the world and Satan. Now, there is no question that the Lord was there with the armies of heaven to secure Jericho and this so God’s people could possess their God-given inheritance, the Land, yet a certain perspective was vital for true success.

The first principle: It was not for Joshua to claim God’s allegiance for his cause no matter how right and holy it might be. Rather, the need was for Joshua to acknowledge God’s claim over Joshua for God’s purposes. We tend to approach our battles and causes backwards; we turn things all around and try to marshal God to support us rather than to submit and follow Him. Certainly, the battle was a joint venture, God and the people of Israel under Joshua’s leadership as appointed by the Lord (1:1-9). But Joshua, as with all of us in the army of the King, must be following the Lord, submitting to His authority, taking our orders from Him, and resting the battle in His hands because we realize it is really His battle as the Supreme Commander. There seems to be no question that Joshua understood this as evidenced by his question, “What has my Lord to say to his servant?” Here he was asking the Lord for orders and it was surely then that he received the directions for taking Jericho.

The second principle: As the one who had come to take charge, the Lord was also reminding Joshua (and us) of both God’s personal presence and His powerful provision, the provision of His vast hosts. The promise of God’s personal presence always carries with it the assurance of God’s personal care. Likewise, the promise of His powerful provision always carries with it the promise of His infinite supply and power no matter how impossible the problem may appear to us. So there was more, infinitely more, than Joshua’s army. There was Joshua and his army, but there was also the myriads of God’s angelic forces who always stand ready to do God’s bidding and to serve the saints. Three other passages can serve as helpful examples that we might grasp the issue here and its significance to our daily walk.

(1) First, compare 2 Kings 6:8-17. When Elisha was at Dothan with his young servant, he found himself surrounded by the army of Ben-Hadad, who, during the night had marched out and surrounded the city of Dothan. The next morning, when Elisha’s servant went out to draw water, he saw the vast army surrounding the city. Being fearful and greatly distressed, he cried out to Elisha, “Alas, my master! What shall we do?” Elisha responded, “Do not fear, for those who are with us are more than those who are with them.” Elisha then prayed a very interesting prayer. He said, “O Lord, I pray, open his eyes that he may see.” We then read that “the Lord opened the servant’s eyes, and he saw; and behold, the mountain was full of horses and chariots of fire all around Elisha.” They were not alone. With them to fight for them was a host of God’s angelic forces who soon struck the armies of the king of Syria with blindness.

(2) A second example is found for us in Matthew 26:52-53. With the disciples still reluctant and perplexed over the fact Christ must go to the cross, Peter drew his sword and struck the high priest’s slave cutting off his ear. Jesus replied, “Put your sword back into its place; for all those who take up the sword shall perish by the sword. Or do you think that I cannot appeal to My Father, and He will at once put at My disposal more than twelve legions of angels?”

(3) A final example of God’s angelic armies and their ministry to God’s people is seen in Hebrews 1:14, which reads, “Are they not all ministering spirits, sent out to render service for the sake of those who will inherit salvation?”

In this, we see the second reason for the Commander’s description of himself as “the Captain of the Lord’s hosts.” He was assuring Joshua of God’s provision through His mighty angelic armies or His heavenly legions.

Joshua’s Response
(vs. 14b)

And Joshua fell on his face to the earth, and bowed down, and said to him, “What has my lord to say to his servant?”

How we each need this response—the response of worship and submission. Joshua quickly got the picture. He had been thinking of a conflict between the Israelites and the Cannanite armies. Perhaps he had been thinking of this as his war. Certainly he felt the load of responsibility on his shoulders. But after being confronted by the divine Commander, he was reminded of a truth he had heard Moses declare many years earlier when they stood on the banks of the Red Sea. There he had heard Moses say, “The Lord will fight for you; you need only to be still” (Ex. 14:13b). Joshua learned afresh the truth that David too had learned and would later declare when facing Goliath, “the battle is the Lord’s” (cf. 1 Sam. 17:47).

But that’s not all. As an outworking of his worship and submission, we also see Joshua’s inquiry, the inquiry of a servant looking to his Commander for direction with his words, “What has my lord to say to his servant?”

Do you remember Paul’s response on the Damascus road, when he came to realize it was the glorified Lord who was speaking to him? He quickly answered, “What shall I do Lord?” (Acts 22:10).

What a comfort and how encouraging to know that we never have to bear our burdens alone or face our enemies alone. Joshua was to know that the battles ahead and the entire conquest of Canaan was really God’s conflict. What is our part? We are soldiers in His army, His servants for whom He abundantly supplies the armor of God (Ephesians 6:10-18).

While Dr. C.I. Scofield was pastor of the First Congregational Church of Dallas, there came a time when the burdens of the ministry seemed heavier than he could bear. All but crushed by the weight of the frustrations and problems of the work, he knelt one day in his office. In deep agony of spirit, he opened the Scriptures, looking for some message of comfort and strength. Led by the Spirit to the closing verses of Joshua 5, he saw at once that he was trying to carry the responsibilities alone. That day he turned his ministry over to the Lord, assured that it was His work and that He could accomplish it. In accepting God’s leadership, Dr. Scofield allied himself with God’s power.2

Surely, these verses drive home the truth of Christ’s preeminence and lordship. He is the head of the church, indeed, the King of kings and Lord of lords.

The passage also reminds us that God is not present to fight our battles or help in our causes or jump to our rescue when we get in trouble as though He were a genie in a bottle. Instead, it reminds us that the battle is His and that our role is that of soldier/servant. We are here to serve Him, to do His will, to follow Him and depend on Him completely.

The Commander’s Final Revelation
(vs. 15)

And the captain of the Lord’s host said to Joshua, “Remove your sandals from your feet, for the place where you are standing is holy.” And Joshua did so.

In these last words of the Captain, there is a command, “Remove your sandals,” and an explanation, “for the place where you are standing is holy.”

Removing the sandals was a sign of servanthood and a sign of respect and submission. And the declaration of this place of encounter and revelation as holy ground calls attention to the special import of what Joshua had just learned and experienced.

God is not only the Holy One in our redemption through the provision of the suffering Savior, but He is the Holy One in our warfare through the Victorious Savior. We can only enter into the battle so that we experience God’s deliverance when we remove our sandals and submit to His authority and His presence and power.

Here we see that the warfare of the Christian is a holy calling, but also a divine undertaking accomplished in those who humble themselves under the mighty hand of God.

1 Peter 5:6-7 Humble yourselves, therefore, under the mighty hand of God, that He may exalt you at the proper time, 7 casting all your anxiety upon Him, because He cares for you.

Conclusion

In this passage, Joshua had an encounter with the living Logos, the very revelation of God. It was an encounter that lifted a great burden from his shoulders. The experience mentioned previously of Dr. Scofield illustrates the same truth through this very passage. May we all see how this illustrates how much we each need to be in the Word with a listening ear so God can teach us the things we need to hear.

Joshua, standing and perhaps also walking about the city of Jericho studying what lay before him and weighed down with the burden of his responsibility, is so very much like us today! We see the things we believe God has called us to do, but we are so prone to activity and running ahead more than we are to worship and inquiry from the Lord. Is our lifestyle such that it sends us out into battle mindful of the Lord and who He is to our every move, mindful of those principles of His Word that must guide our every thought and step and fortify us with the comfort of God?

May we, as we look over the battles or tasks that lie before us, look up and see the Commander of the Lord of hosts and remove our sandals.


1 Donald K. Campbell, Joshua, Leader Under Fire, Victor Books, Wheaton, IL, 1981, p. 39.

2 Campbell, p. 47.

Related Topics: Man (Anthropology), Spiritual Life, Theology Proper (God)

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