MENU

Where the world comes to study the Bible

6. Księga prorocza

Objawienie

Wstęp

W księdze Objawienia mamy konkluzję i uwieńczenie Biblii jako Bożego objawienia człowiekowi. Tak jak Księga Rodzaju jest księgą początków, Objawienie jest księgą uwieńczenia, która oczekuje końcowych wydarzeń, powrotu Pana, Jego panowania i stanu wieczności. Na stronach Biblii zostało poruszone i rozwinięte wiele tematów zaczynając od Księgi Rodzaju i tematu nieba i ziemi; grzechu i jego przekleństwa i żalu; człowieka i jego zbawienia; Szatana, jego upadku i zguby; Izraela, jego wyboru, błogosławieństwa i dyscypliny; narody; Babilonu i babilonanizmu; oraz królestw i królestwa. Na koniec jednak wszystkie te tematy znajdują swe spełnienie i rozwiązanie w Księdze Objawienia. Ewangelie i listy zaczynają łączyć te wszystkie wątki, lecz dopiero w Objawieniu zbiegają się one w jednym wielkim zwieńczeniu. Możemy przedstawić to za pomocą schematu:

OBJAWIENIE, WYPEŁNIENIE PISMA ŚW.

Autor i tytuł:

Według księgi imię autora to Jan (1:4, 9; 22:8). Był on prorokiem i przywódcą, który znany był w kościołach Azji Mniejszej, do których Jan pisze księgę Objawienia (1:4).

Jan ten jest identyfikowany z Janem Apostołem, jednym z uczniów naszego Pana. To, że styl różni się od stylu Ewangelii Jana wywodzi się z natury tej księgi, która jest przykładem literatury apokaliptycznej.

Jako wczesny ojciec kościoła, Ireneusz, oznajmia, że Jan najpierw osiedlił się w Efezie, potem został aresztowany i wygnany na wyspę Patmos na Morzu Egejskim, by pracować w kopalniach oraz, że miało to miejsce za rządów cesarza rzymskiego, Domicjana. Popiera to twierdzenie autora, że pisał z Patmos z powodu świadczenia o Jezusie (1:9).

Data: lata 90-te n.e.

Domicjan panował w Rzymie w latach 81-96 n.e. Ponieważ Ireneusz mów nam, że Jan pisał z Patmos za panowania Domicjana, i ponieważ jest to potwierdzone przez innych wczesnych pisarzy kościoła, takich jak Klemens z Aleksandrii i Euzebiusz, większość konserwatywnych uczonych wierzy, że księga została napisana w latach 81-96 n.e. Uczyniłoby ją to ostatnią księgą Nowego Testamentu, napisaną zaraz po ewangelii Jana i jego listach (1, 2 i 3). Inni konserwatywni uczeni twierdzą, że została ona napisana znacznie wcześniej, około 68 lub przed zniszczeniem Jerozolimy.

Temat i cel:

Zrozumienie tematu zależy w pewnym stopniu od metody interpretacji Objawienia (patrz poniżej). Podążając za futurystycznym podejściem do interpretacji Objawienia, główny temat księgi dotyczy konfliktu ze złem w formie osobowości ludzkiej pobudzanej przez Szatana i jego porządek na świecie i zwycięstwa Pana, który niszczy swych wrogów, by założyć Jego królestwo zarówno w Tysiącleciu (100 lat Objawienia 20) i w wieczności.

Jest to osiągnięte dzięki zabraniu czytelników i słuchaczy (1:3) za kulisy poprzez wizje Jana, pokazujące demoniczną naturę i źródło okropnego zła. Objawienie pokazuje także zwycięską siłę, która spoczywa we Lwie z pokolenia Judy, Korzenia Dawidowego. Ten Lew jest także stojącym Barankiem, jakby zabitym, a jednak żywym, przynoszącym sąd wspaniałej świętości Boga przeciwko grzesznemu i zbuntowanemu światu.

Jednakże w studiach nad tą księgą prawdziwym problemem jest jak ją ktoś zinterpretuje. Ryrie podsumowuje cztery główne poglądy na interpretację Objawienia. Pisze on:

Istnieją cztery główne poglądy dotyczące interpretacji tej księgi: (1) przeszły, który postrzega proroctwa księgi jako te, które były wypełnione we wczesnej historii kościoła; (2) historyczny, który postrzega księgę jako panoramę portretującą historię kościoła od czasów Jana do końca świata; (3) idealistyczny, który postrzega księgę jako malownicze odsłonięcie wspaniałych zasad w stałym konflikcie, bez odniesień do konkretnych wydarzeń oraz (4) futurystyczny, który postrzega większość księgi (Obj. 4-22) jako proroctwo, które ma się wypełnić. Pogląd futurystyczny jest zastosowany w tym omówieniu, w oparciu o zasadę prostej interpretacji tekstu.1

Więcej na temat interpretacji tej księgi i jej wagi znajduje się w Studies in Revelation (Studia nad Objawieniem) na stronie Biblical Studies Foundation (Fundacji Studiów Biblijnych) www.bible.org.

Bez względu na metodę interpretacji, większość osób uznaje, że księga została napisana, by zapewnić odbiorców o końcowym triumfie Chrystusa nad wszystkimi, którzy przeciwstawili się Jemu i Jego ludowi.

Kluczowe słowa:

Ponieważ jest to oznajmione w tytule księgi i ponieważ księga ujawnia osobę i uczynki Chrystusa w Jego kapłaństwie dla kościoła dzisiaj (rozdz. 1-3) i w przyszłości (4-22), kluczowym słowem lub pojęciem jest Objawienie Jezusa Chrystusa.

Kluczowe wersety:

  • 1:7 Oto przychodzi wśród obłoków, i ujrzy go wszelkie oko, a także ci, którzy go przebili, i będą biadać nad nim wszystkie plemiona ziemi. Tak jest! Amen.
  • 1:19-20 Napisz więc, co widziałeś i co jest, i co się stanie potem. 1:20 Co do tajemnicy siedmiu gwiazd, które widziałeś w prawej dłoni mojej, i siedmiu złotych świeczników: siedem gwiazd, to aniołowie siedmiu zborów, a siedem świeczników, to siedem zborów.
  • 19:11-16 I widziałem niebo otwarte, a oto biały koń, a Ten, który na nim siedział, nazywa się Wierny i Prawdziwy, gdyż sprawiedliwie sądzi i sprawiedliwie walczy. 11:12 Oczy zaś jego jak płomień ognia, a na głowie jego liczne diademy. Imię swoje miał wypisane, lecz nie znał go nikt, tylko on sam. 11:13 A przyodziany był w szatę zmoczoną we krwi, imię zaś jego brzmi: Słowo Boże. 11:14 I szły za nim wojska niebieskie na białych koniach, przyobleczone w czysty, biały bisior. 11:15 A z ust jego wychodzi ostry miecz, którym miał pobić narody, i będzie nimi rządził laską żelazną. On sam też tłoczy kadź wina zapalczywego gniewu Boga, Wszechmogącego. 11:16 A na szacie i na biodrze swym ma wypisane imię: „KRÓL KRÓLÓW I PAN PANÓW.”

Kluczowe rozdziały:

Decyzja co do kluczowych rozdziałów w księdze Objawienia nie jest łatwa, lecz z pewnością rozdziały 2-3 zawierające przesłania obietnic i ostrzeżeń napisanych do siedmiu kościołów są kluczowymi rozdziałami. Ponadto rozdziały 4-5, które przygotowują czytelnika na wielki konflikt wyjawiony w kolejnych rozdziałach, także są kluczowymi. Widzimy tutaj jak tylko Pan Jezus, Lew i Baranek, był godnym, by otworzyć zapieczętowaną księgę i zesłać jej treści na ziemię. Wreszcie rozdziały 19-22 są kluczowymi, gdyż widzimy w nich koniec historii, która znacznie różni się od tego co dziś obserwujemy.

... W Objawieniu 19-22 plany Boga na ostatnie dni i na całą wieczność zapisane są w bardzo wyraźny sposób. Uważne ich zbadanie i posłuszeństwo im przyniesie obiecane błogosławieństwa (1:30). Najwyżej w umyśle i najgłębiej w sercu strzeżone powinny być słowa Jezusa „I oto przyjdę wkrótce.”2

Kluczowi ludzie:

Jest kilka kluczowych osób w tej księdze z powodu roli, jaka odgrywają. Są to przede wszystkim: Pan Jezus, potem Jan, autor, lecz także dwaj świadkowie zwierzę i fałszywy prorok. Wreszcie panna młoda, która powraca z Panem w rozdziale 19 zamyka grupę kluczowych osób.

Chrystus widziany w Objawieniu:

Ponieważ Objawienie jest w rzeczywistości „Objawieniem Jezusa Chrystusa”, przedstawia ono Jego chwałę, mądrość i siłę (1), oraz pokazuje Jego autorytet dla kościoła (2-3) i jego moc i prawo do osądzania świata (5-19). Ponieważ jest to objawienie Chrystusa, pełne jest ono określeń opisowych. Szczególnie opisuje ono Jezusa Chrystusa (1:1) jako świadka wiernego, pierworodnego z umarłych i władcę nad królami ziemskimi (1:5), pierwszego i ostatniego (1:17), tego, który żyje (1:18), Syna Bożego (2:18), świętego i prawdziwego (3:7), Amen, świadka wiernego i prawdziwego, początek stworzenia Bożego (3:14), Lwa z pokolenia Judy, Korzenia Dawidowego (5:5), Baranka (5:6), Wiernego i Prawdziwego (19:11), Słowo Boże (19:13), KRÓLA NAD KRÓLAMI I PANA NAD PANAMI (19:16), Alfę i Omegę (22:13), Gwiazdę jasną poranną (22:16) i Pana Jezusa Chrystusa (22:21).

Ogólny zarys:

I. Prolog (1:1-8)

II.Rzeczy przeszłe (1:9-20)

III.Rzeczy teraźniejsze (2-3)

A. Przesłanie do Efezu (2:1-7)

B. Przesłanie do Smyrny (2:8-11)

C. Przesłanie do Pergamu (2:12-17)

D. Przesłanie do Tiatyry (2:18-29)

E. Przesłanie do Sardes (3:1-6)

F. Przesłanie do Filadelfii(3:7-13)

G. Przesłanie do Laodycei (3:14-22)

IV. Rzeczy przepowiedziane (4:1-22:5)

A. Okres cierpienia (4:1-19:21)

1. Tron w niebie (4:1-11)

2. Siedem zapieczętowanych ksiąg i Lew, który jest także Barankiem (5:1-14)

3. Sąd pieczęci (6:1-17)

4. Przerwa: Odkupienie cierpień (7:1-17)

5. Sąd czterech pierwszych trębaczy (8:1-13)

6. Piąty i szósty trębacz oraz pierwsze dwa “biada” (9:1-20)

7. Anioł i książęczka (10:1-11)

8. Świątynia, dwóch świadków i siódmy trębacz (11:1-19)

9. Bój aniołów (12:1-17)

10. Zwierzę i fałszywy prorok (13:1-18)

11. Specjalne obwieszczenia (14:1-20)

12. Wstęp do siedmiu ostatnich plag (15:1-8)

13. Sąd czasz (16:1-21)

14. Sąd religijnego Babilonu (17:1-18)

15. Sąd kupieckiego Babilonu (18:1-24)

16. Drugie przyjście Chrystusa (19:1-21)

B.Panowanie Chrystusa (tysiąc lat) i wielki biały tron (20:1-15)

1. Szatan uwięziony ((20:1-3)

2. Święci zmartwychwstali (20:4-6)

3. Bunt grzesznikiów (20:7-9)

4. Zguba Szatana (20:10)

5. Grzesznicy osądzeni (20:11-15)

C. Wieczny stan (21:1-22:5)

1. Pokolenie Nowej Jerozolimy (21:1-8)

2. Opis Nowej Jerozolimy (21:9-27)

3 Radości Nowej Jerozolimy (22:1-5)

D. Epilog (22:6-21)

Related Topics: Introductions, Arguments, Outlines

1. 深思主題﹕ 那個跟我說話的神

經文的重要

1. 讀申命記3247。 以色列人在那裡他們正準備做什麼

2. 在申命記3247裡摩西是怎樣提到神的道 那 ‘生命’ 在這章節裡的真義是什麼和馬太福音44裡耶穌說的相似 又怎樣的相似?

3. 申命記3247神的道是我們的生命 這和約翰663裡耶穌說的有何關聯

默想經文

1. 讀約書亞記11-9。 神叫約書亞準備好做什麼神對這新的領袖做了些什麼的承諾

2. 在約書亞記18 裡﹐約書亞的責任是什麼﹖一個人該怎樣默想經文﹖

3. 根據約書亞記18我們默想經文的目地是什麼 (參考 撒母耳記上 1522-23)

4. 如果我們默想經文及遵守神的道神會給我們什麼承諾 (參考 約翰157-8)

經文的本質和目地

1. 讀提摩太後書316-17。 保羅是如何說聖經 (換句話﹐舊約及所有新約的經文) 這是指所有的經文還是只包含我喜歡的經文

2. 根據提摩太後書316-17﹐這經文在我的生命裡有什麼功能﹖它們是如何的不同卻又彼此相關﹖

3. 申命記2929 及提摩太後書317裡神給教會經文的目地是什麼﹖這該會如何影響我讀聖經

4. 耶穌在約翰1717裡的禱告和提摩太後書316-17 有什麼關聯

5. 根據帖撒羅尼迦前書213 我們的責任是什麼﹖注意到下一節提到的敵意

6. 根據雅各122-25﹐真正信的人該是什麼樣﹖你認為雅各為什麼提到神的道是 ‘自由之律法’

7. 羅馬書154 寫下經文的另一個原因是什麼當你讀神的道時﹐你有過類似的經歷 這經文和提摩太後書316-17有什麼關聯

8. 讀詩篇119。 寫下一些神的道的資格和功能。 這神的道對寫詩篇的人有多重要﹖對做為基督徒口稱知道神﹐愛神的你我該有多重要

9. 讀約翰539-40。 在這裡神的道最終是在指誰﹖這經文和提摩太後書316-17及你在這主題裡讀到的其他章節有什麼關聯

深思主題 這對我生命有何意義

經文閱讀的計

你曾計劃過怎樣讀經文其實讀經文的方式有好幾種. 如果你每天讀-3-4章你一年就可以把一本聖經讀完 (舉例﹐每天早上讀 30分鐘)。 但是有些人可能覺得這樣要讀的太多 就選擇讀一段詩篇或是比較小段的經文。這也許是比較好的方式 大部份的人應該選擇這方式。

其實還有另一個方式這方式適用於對讀經文比較狂熱的人﹐或是教經文的牧師 那就是﹐讀舊約時﹐有時間可以每星期大篇幅的讀﹐但是讀新約時就得重複的讀。 例如新約的加拉太書﹐就可以一次讀完﹐ 一個月裡每天讀一次 一個月下來就耳熟能祥 對整篇加拉太書整體有更充份的了解 不太容易忘記 一些不明瞭的經文也自然的會變的清晰﹐同時也能和其他的經文融會貫通。同樣方式可用在所有新約的書。 一些比較長的書及信 可以分成幾部份來讀. 像馬太福音 就可以分成四部份 每一部份各包括七章。像啟示錄﹐可以分三部份來 第一及第二部份各含七章﹐第三部份含八章。 或分四部份來﹐第一及第二部份各含五章﹐第三及第四部份各含六章。 每天重複讀同樣的部份﹐連續三十天。 這樣120天之後﹐你會把馬太福音整部讀完。 用這樣的速度﹐一本聖經三年就可以讀完。 這方式最大的不同是 讀完後你會更了解聖經 而且可能還會背了 多好呀

經文背誦

經文﹐可以聽別人引用, 可以念給自己聽﹐也可以背下來。背誦經文的好處是當我們隨時需要隨時可用 像要深思時 要傳福音時﹐要和別人辯論經文﹐或鼓勵別人時。 背誦經文需要下工夫 毅力 及有計劃的進行。 但是收穫會遠超過投資。 讀者有興趣可以到聖經研讀中心的網址去查看我們的經文背誦程序表。( http://www.bible.org/docs/splife/sm-niv/sm-niv.htm ).

從經文中聽神的聲音

我們讀經文的心態應該像我們站在神面前時的心態一樣 如以賽亞所﹐神看顧虛心痛悔﹐因神的話而戰兢的人 (以賽亞書662b). 在神面前我們應該謙卑敞開心 願意 接受神的指示﹐教訓﹐責罵及鼓勵。 讓神的道來讀你﹐來告訴你你的需要。請求神從神的道指示你的指意 神一定會告訴你的。

Related Topics: Bibliology (The Written Word), Basics for Christians

Mission for the Third Millennium

Related Media

 

This book, co-authored with Robert M. Bowman Jr., Deals with the challenges Christians face as we approach the third millennium. Includes chapters on evolution, psychology, postmodernism, humanism, the New Age movement, Islam, liberal Christianity, cultic Christianity, biblical Christianity, moral relativism, multiculturalism, secularism, abortion, feminism, and homosexuality. 

 Kenneth Boa

Website: http://www.kenboa.org
Commentary: http://www.kenboa.org/blog
Follow: http://twitter.com/kennethboa
Connect on Facebook: Kenneth Boa

A hardcopy version of this work is available here on Amazon.

Why We Shouldn't Hate Philosophy

Article contributed by Probe Ministries
Visit Probe's website

Probe's Michael Gleghorn explains that thinking critically about some of life's most important questions is a way for us to fulfill the biblical mandate to love God with our minds.

A Walk on the Slippery Rocks

For many people in our culture today, Edie Brickell and the New Bohemians got it right: “Philosophy is a walk on the slippery rocks.” But for some in the Christian community, they didn’t go far enough. Philosophy, they say, is far more dangerous than a walk on slippery rocks. It’s an enemy of orthodoxy and a friend of heresy. It’s typically a product of wild, rash, and uncontrolled human speculation. Its doctrines are empty and deceptive. Worse still, they may even come from demons!

Such attitudes are hardly new. The early church father Tertullian famously wrote:

What has Jerusalem to do with Athens, the Church with the Academy, the Christian with the heretic? . . . I have no use for a Stoic or a Platonic . . . Christianity. After Jesus Christ we have no need of speculation, after the Gospel no need of research.1

Should Christians, then, hate and reject all philosophy? Should we shun it, despise it, and trample it underfoot? Doesn’t the Bible warn us about the dangers of philosophy and urge us to avoid it? In thinking through such questions, it’s important that we be careful. Before we possibly injure ourselves with any violent, knee-jerk reactions, we may first want to settle down a bit and ask ourselves a few questions. First, what exactly is philosophy anyway? What, if anything, does the Bible have to say about it? Might it have any value for the Christian faith? Could it possibly help strengthen or support the ministry of the church? Are there any potential benefits that Christians might gain from studying philosophy? And if so, what are they? These are just a few of the questions that we want to consider.

But let’s begin with that first question: Just what is philosophy anyway? Defining this term can be difficult. It gets tossed around by different people in a variety of ways. But we can get a rough idea of its meaning by observing that it comes from two Greek words: philein, which means “to love,” and sophia, which means “wisdom.” So at one level, philosophy is just the love of wisdom. There’s nothing wrong with that!

But let’s go further. Socrates claimed that the unexamined life was not worth living. And throughout its history, philosophy has gained a reputation for the careful, rational, and critical examination of life’s biggest questions. “Accordingly,” write Christian philosophers J.P. Moreland and William Lane Craig, “philosophy may be defined as the attempt to think rationally and critically about life’s most important questions in order to obtain knowledge and wisdom about them.”2 So while philosophy may sometimes be a walk on slippery rocks, it may also be a potentially powerful resource for thinking through some of life’s most important issues.

Beware of Hollow and Deceptive Philosophy

In their recent philosophy textbook, Moreland and Craig make the following statement:

For many years we have each been involved, not just in scholarly work, but in speaking evangelistically on university campuses with groups like . . . Campus Crusade for Christ . . . Again and again, we have seen the practical value of philosophical studies in reaching students for Christ. . . The fact is that there is tremendous interest among unbelieving students in hearing a rational presentation and defense of the gospel, and some will be ready to respond with trust in Christ. To speak frankly, we do not know how one could minister effectively in a public way on our university campuses without training in philosophy.3

This is a strong endorsement of the value of philosophy in doing university evangelism on today’s campuses. But some might be thinking, “What a minute! Doesn’t the Bible warn us about the dangers of philosophy? And aren’t we urged to avoid such dangers?”

In Colossians 2:8 (NIV), the apostle Paul wrote, “See to it that no one takes you captive through hollow and deceptive philosophy, which depends on human tradition and the basic principles of this world rather than on Christ.” What does this verse mean? Is Paul saying that Christians shouldn’t study philosophy? Let’s take a closer look.

First, “the Greek grammar indicates that ‘hollow and deceptive’ go together with ‘philosophy.’”4 So Paul is not condemning all philosophy here. Instead, he’s warning the Colossians about being taken captive by a particular “hollow and deceptive” philosophy that was making inroads into their church. Many scholars believe that the philosophy Paul had in mind was a Gnostic-like philosophy that promoted legalism, mysticism, and asceticism.5

Second, Paul doesn’t forbid the study of philosophy in this verse. Rather, he warns the Colossian believers not to be taken captive by empty and deceptive human speculation. This distinction is important. One can study philosophy, even “empty and deceptive” philosophy, without being taken captive by it.

What does it mean to be “taken captive”? When men are taken captive in war, they are forced to go where their captors lead them. They may only be permitted to see and hear certain things, or to eat and sleep at certain times. In short, captives are under the control of their captors. This is what Paul is warning the Colossians about. He’s urging them to not let their beliefs and attitudes be controlled by an alien, non-Christian philosophy. He’s not saying that philosophy in general is bad or that it’s wrong to study philosophy as an academic discipline.

But doesn’t Paul also say that God has made foolish the wisdom of the world? And doesn’t this count against the study of philosophy?

Is Worldly Wisdom Worthless?

In 1 Corinthians 1:20 (NIV) the apostle Paul wrote, “Where is the wise man? Where is the scholar? Where is the philosopher of this age? Has not God made foolish the wisdom of the world?” Some Christians think this passage teaches that the study of philosophy and human wisdom is both foolish and a waste of time. But is this correct? Is that really what Paul was saying in this passage? I personally don’t think so.

We must remember that Paul himself had at least some knowledge of both pagan philosophy and literature — and he made much use of reasoning in personal evangelism. In Acts 17 we learn that while Paul was in Athens “he reasoned in the synagogue with the Jews and the God-fearing Greeks, as well as in the marketplace day by day with those who happened to be there” (v. 17; NIV). On one occasion he spent time conversing and disputing with some of the Stoic and Epicurean philosophers (v. 18). Further, when it suited his purposes, Paul could quote freely (and accurately) from the writings of pagan poets. In Acts 17:28 he cites with approval both the Cretan poet Epimenides and the Cilician poet Aratus, using them to make a valid theological point about the nature of God and man to the educated members of the Athenian Areopagus. Thus, we should at least be cautious before asserting that Paul was opposed to all philosophy and human wisdom. He obviously wasn’t.

But if this is so, then in what sense has God made foolish the wisdom of the world? What did Paul mean when he wrote this? The answer, I think, can be found (at least in part) in the very next verse: “For since in the wisdom of God the world through its wisdom did not come to know God, God was well-pleased through the foolishness of the message preached to save those who believe” (1 Cor. 1:21; NASB). In other words, as Craig and Moreland observe, “the gospel of salvation could never have been discovered by philosophy, but had to be revealed by the biblical God who acts in history.”6 This clearly indicates the limitations of philosophy and human wisdom. But the fact that these disciplines have very real limitations in no way implies that they are utterly worthless. We need to appreciate something for what it is, recognizing its limitations, but appreciating its value all the same. Philosophy by itself could never have discovered the gospel. But this doesn’t mean that it’s not still a valuable ally in the search for truth and a valuable resource for carefully thinking through some of life’s greatest mysteries.

In the remainder of this article, we’ll explore some of the ways in which philosophy is valuable, both for the individual Christian and for the ministry of the church.

The Value of Philosophy (Part 1)

Moreland and Craig observe that “throughout the history of Christianity, philosophy has played an important role in the life of the church and the spread and defense of the gospel of Christ.”7

John Wesley, the famous revivalist and theologian, seemed well-aware of this fact. In 1756 he delivered “An Address to the Clergy”. Among the various qualifications that Wesley thought a good minister should have, one was a basic knowledge of philosophy. He challenged his fellow clergymen with these questions: “Am I a tolerable master of the sciences? Have I gone through the very gate of them, logic? . . . Do I understand metaphysics; if not the . . . subtleties of . . . Aquinas, yet the first rudiments, the general principles, of that useful science?”8 It’s interesting to note that Wesley’s passion for preaching and evangelism didn’t cause him to denigrate the importance of basic philosophical knowledge. Indeed, he rather insists on its importance for anyone involved in the teaching and preaching ministries of the church.

But why is philosophy valuable? What practical benefits does it offer those involved in regular Christian service? And how has it contributed to the health and well-being of the church throughout history? Drs. Moreland and Craig list many reasons why philosophy is (and has been) such an important part of a thriving Christian community.9

In the first place, philosophy is of tremendous value in the tasks of Christian apologetics and polemics. Whereas the goal of apologetics is to provide a reasoned defense of the truth of Christianity, “polemics is the task of criticizing and refuting alternative views of the world.”10 Both tasks are important, and both are biblical. The apostle Peter tells us to always be ready “to make a defense” for the hope that we have in Christ (1 Pet. 3:15; NASB). Jude exhorts us to “contend earnestly for the faith which was once for all delivered to the saints” (v. 3; NASB). And Paul says that elders in the church should “be able both to exhort in sound doctrine and to refute those who contradict” (Tit. 1:9; NASB). The proper use of philosophy can be a great help in fulfilling each of these biblical injunctions.

Additionally, philosophy serves as the handmaid of theology by bringing clarity and precision to the formulation of Christian doctrine. “For example, philosophers help to clarify the different attributes of God; they can show that the doctrines of the Trinity and the Incarnation are not contradictory; they can shed light on the nature of human freedom, and so on.”11 In other words, the task of the theologian is made easier with the help of his friends in the philosophy department!

The Value of Philosophy (Part 2)

Let’s consider a few more ways in which philosophy can help strengthen and support both the individual believer and the universal church.

First, careful philosophical reflection is one of the ways in which human beings uniquely express that they are made in the image and likeness of God. As Drs. Craig and Moreland observe, “God . . . is a rational being, and humans are made like him in this respect.”12 One of the ways in which we can honor God’s commandment to love him with our minds (Matt. 22:37) is to give serious philosophical consideration to what God has revealed about himself in creation, conscience, history, and the Bible. As we reverently reflect on the attributes of God, or His work in creation and redemption, we aren’t merely engaged in a useless academic exercise. On the contrary, we are loving God with our minds—and our hearts are often led to worship and adore the One “who alone is immortal and . . . lives in unapproachable light” (1 Tim. 6:16; NIV).

But philosophy isn’t only of value for the individual believer; it’s also of value for the universal church. Commenting on John Gager’s book, Kingdom and Community: The Social World of Early Christianity, Drs. Moreland and Craig write:

The early church faced intellectual and cultural ridicule from Romans and Greeks. This ridicule threatened internal cohesion within the church and its evangelistic boldness toward unbelievers. Gager argues that it was primarily the presence of philosophers and apologists within the church that enhanced the self-image of the Christian community because these early scholars showed that the Christian community was just as rich intellectually and culturally as was the pagan culture surrounding it.13

Christian philosophers and apologists in our own day continue to serve a similar function. By carefully explaining and defending the Christian faith, they help enhance the self-image of the church, increase the confidence and boldness of believers in evangelism, and help keep Christianity a viable option among sincere seekers in the intellectual marketplace of ideas.

Of course, not all philosophy is friendly to Christianity. Indeed, some of it is downright hostile. But this shouldn’t cause Christians to abandon the task and (for some) even calling of philosophy. The church has always needed, and still needs today, talented men and women who can use philosophy to rationally declare and defend the Christian faith to everyone who asks for a reason for the hope that we have in Christ (1 Pet. 3:15). As C.S. Lewis once said, “Good philosophy must exist, if for no other reason, because bad philosophy needs to be answered.”14 These are just a few of the reasons why we shouldn’t hate philosophy.


1. Tertullian, "The Prescriptions Against the Heretics," trans. S.L. Greenslade, in Early Latin Theology (Vol. V in "The Library of Christian Classics"; Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1956), 31-32; cited in Hugh T. Kerr, ed., Readings in Christian Thought (Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1989), 39.
2. William Lane Craig and J.P. Moreland, Philosophical Foundations for a Christian Worldview (Downers Grove, Illinois: InterVarsity Press, 2003), 13.
3. Ibid., 4-5.
4. Ibid., 18.
5. Norman Geisler and Thomas Howe, When Critics Ask: A Popular Handbook on Bible Difficulties (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker Books, 2000), 487.
6. Craig and Moreland, 19.
7. Ibid., 12.
8. John Wesley, "An Address to the Clergy," delivered February 6, 1756. Reprinted in The Works of John Wesley, 3d ed., 7 vols. (Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker, 1996), 6:217-31; cited in Craig and Moreland, 4.
9. See Craig and Moreland, 14-17. I have relied heavily on their observations in this, and the following, section of this article.
10. Ibid., 15.
11. Ibid.
12. Ibid.
13. Ibid., 16.
14. C.S. Lewis, The Weight of Glory (Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 1949), 50; cited in Craig and Moreland, 17.

© 2005 Probe Ministries

The original version of this article is found at www.probe.org/why-we-shouldnt-hate-philosophy/. Articles and answers on lots of topics at Probe.org.

Related Topics: Wisdom

If a Christian commits suicide, will they go to heaven?

Apart from rejecting God's provision for salvation through the sacrificial death of Jesus, suicide is the worst thing an unbeliever can do. This is so because there is no second chance for salvation after one's death.  In the Book of Hebrews we read:  ". . . it is appointed for men to die once, and after this comes judgment" (Hebrews 9:27).

For the Christian, it is essential to understand several things regarding suicide:

(1) Suicide is sin. God forbids murder (Exodus 20:13) and taking one's own life is murder. It is also sin because it fails to take into account the assurances of God's grace and mercy, of the compassionate High Priesthood of our Lord Jesus, and because it believes that there is no way out, but to sin. None of these are true. Taking one's life is to disobey God, and disobedience is sin. Suicide is also sin because it causes great suffering for those we leave behind.  Suicide does not serve others for their good.

(2) While suicide is sin, it is not the unpardonable sin. The only unpardonable sin is attributing the miraculous work of the Holy Spirit in Jesus to Satan (Mark 3:20-30).

(3) While suicide is sin, it is easier to understand why a Christian would consider suicide than it is to grasp why an unbeliever would do so.  At best, the unbeliever who commits suicide enters into an uncertain future.  Little do they know that the are actually entering into a state of eternal separation from from God.  Knowing the glorious future that awaits the Christian, a believer might reason that it is better to escape the trials and tribulations of this life and enter into eternal joy in the presence of our Lord.  This is not to understate how tragic this choice is, or how destructive it is to one's testimony, and to one's claim that God's provisions are sufficient for our every need. But the Christian is assured of going to heaven when they die (even if that be by suicide). When one is overcome by depression and is not thinking clearly, suicide may appear to be the only way out.

(4) There were genuine believers in the Bible who wanted to die, men like Elijah and Job, but the Scriptures that describe these men's despair and suicidal desires make it clear that they were wrong. Later events make it clear that "bailing out of life" would have been a very bad choice.

(5) God sometimes brings us to a point of total despair and frustration so that we will give up trying to live this life in our own strength and cast ourselves wholly upon Christ.

Related Topics: Assurance, Eschatology (Things to Come), Forgiveness

The Net Pastor's Journal, Eng Ed, Issue 15 Spring 2015

Spring 2015 Edition

Author: Dr. Roger Pascoe, President,

The Institute for Biblical Preaching

Cambridge, Ontario, Canada

(http://tibp.ca/)

C:\Users\Roger\Documents\My Documents\Institute for Biblical Preaching\Forms, Binder Cover Page, Logo\IBP Logos\IBP Logo.jpg

“Strengthening the Church in Biblical Preaching and Leadership”

Part I: Two Essential Foundations For Preaching

The first foundation for a stable and enduring ministry is the preacher’s proper and adequate motivation for ministry. We have studied that topic in the last two editions of this journal. Now we come to the second foundation for preaching…

The Preacher’s Incarnation Of The Message

Not only will your ministry lack stability and perhaps endurance without the four foundational motivations for ministry, but your message will not be believable and powerful if you do not practice the message you preach.

All true preaching is incarnational preaching - i.e. preaching truth that is embodied in and lived out by the preacher. This is foundational to preaching - you cannot detach yourself from the message you preach.

Dr. Martyn Lloyd-Jones believed that preaching involves “communication through personality.” Dr. Stephen Olford writes: “If a message is to be effectively communicated, it must be felt inside and fleshed outside” – i.e. it must be incarnational. [1]

This is what Jesus meant when he said: “He who hears you hears me” (Lk. 10:16). That’s incarnational preaching - the word of God made flesh. We cannot be detached from the truth we declare. We must live in the Word of God and the will of God until we can speak the “testimony of God” (1 Cor. 2:1) authoritatively as those who are absorbed by it and who live in it and by it.

Incarnational preaching has been defined as expressing truth through personality. [2] As ministers of the gospel, the Word of God must become flesh in us, must be lived out in us. We must identify ourselves with the message we proclaim, just as Jesus (the Logos) was so identified with the Father whom he proclaimed: “The Word became flesh” (Jn. 1:14). Jesus fleshed out, embodied the Father - deity in humanity. He exposed the Father to view in bodily form. He identified himself in flesh with the Father. Jesus incarnated the Father, and, by doing so, Jesus explained (exegeted) the Father – i.e. “declared him” (Jn. 1:18) so that we are able to know and, in effect, “see” the Father.

Dr. Olford says: Jesus was “incarnational revelation …(which is) the essence of redemptive preaching. What is not incarnational is not redemptive, and what is not redemptive is not life-transforming.” [3]

Just as Jesus was born to incarnate deity in human form, so we must live out the Word we preach in our lives so that others can see the Word in us – they can “see” what Christ is like and, thus, “know” him.

Incarnational preaching is a divine mystery, just as the incarnation and crucifixion of Christ is “foolishness to those who are perishing” (1 Cor. 1:23). In order for this mystery to become living and tangible, as preachers we must identify ourselves with the message we proclaim.

The apostle Paul describes incarnational preaching in 1 Corinthians 2:1-5. In this passage we learn three characteristics of incarnational preaching.

First, when you preach, your message should be persuasive, not because of your speech or wisdom but because of Christ’s person and work. “And I, brethren, when I came to you, did not come with excellence of speech or of wisdom declaring to you the testimony of God. For I determined not to know anything among you except Jesus Christ and Him crucified” (1-2). Paul is saying that our communication of the gospel does not derive its persuasion from our oratory nor from the cleverness of our human wisdom, but from the nature of who Christ is and what He has done. Our message is influential only when we preach “Christ and Him crucified.” Only the Holy Spirit can persuade people to believe the truth about Christ. Only the gospel can open up people’s understanding and change their attitude so that they are receptive to the truth of God’s Word.

Second, when you preach, your message should be powerful, not because of your person and words but because of the Spirit’s action and work. “I was with you in weakness, in fear, and in much trembling. And my speech and my preaching were not with persuasive words of human wisdom in demonstration of the Spirit and of power” (3-4). Only the Holy Spirit can take truth and marry it to the person. There must be that divine fusion which transmits truth through the minister to the congregation by the Holy Spirit. It’s the Spirit’s action and work that changes people lives and gives them new life, not our personal impressiveness. When the gospel is accurately, clearly, and appropriately preached and people respond positively to it, that is evidence of the Spirit’s power, not our personal impressiveness, ability, or persuasiveness. How this happens is indeed a mystery. This is the mysterious and holy work of the Spirit of God who alone can infuse new life into lost souls.

Third, when you preach, your message should be productive, not because of faith in human wisdom but because of faith in God’s power. “So that your faith should not be in the wisdom of men but in the power of God” (5). When we preach we do not try to impress people with our human intellect or wisdom as though somehow that might persuade people to believe the gospel. We do not want people to have faith in us or our knowledge, but “in the power of God” as told out in the gospel. Only then will our preaching be productive. Only then will our preaching produce fruit for God.

May we never stand up to preach until we can say: “The Word has become flesh in me.”

Part II: Preparing For Preaching

“Resources for Studying the Text”

In order to accurately interpret the Scriptures we must use all the research tools at our disposal. We start with A SINGLE PRIMARY SOURCE. An accurate application of the term “biblical exposition” requires that the message has only a single source - the Bible. You may utilize other sources but only for supporting material (e.g. for clarification, application, illustration, or appeal). The Bible is your primary source of material and the essence of your message. There are many other sources of information, but the Bible is primary – it’s the foundation of our faith.

Many other religions claim to be Christian, but there is only one source that is truly Christian – the Bible. What differentiates the Christian faith from all others is that it only has one source – the Word of God. Therefore, the Scriptures must be the sole, primary source for our preaching.

The term “preacher” means “herald”. A herald is one who announces the unaltered message of the king. Just so, the Bible expositor has the responsibility to preach the unaltered message of our King. Therefore, the biblical text must be the preacher’s primary source.

How can you guard the priority of the biblical text when you are preparing sermons? One way is to review your draft sermon and mark any material that lacks the support of a specific text and make sure that it is only supportive material and not expositional material.

Then, there are MULTIPLE SECONDARY RESOURCES. We have one primary source that forms the essence of our message, but we also have many secondary resources that help our preaching. You can increase your accuracy, effectiveness, and clarity in preaching by using many of the available secondary resources and still remain faithful to your commitment to declare your messages from the single primary source of the Bible.

These secondary, multiple resources are tools in your arsenal that assist you in achieving your primary aim of Bible exposition. These resources include:

1) A Dictionary. Use a dictionary to clarify any words whose meaning you do not understand or know.

2) Concordances. Concordances are cross reference manuals. They cross-reference where a particular word is used throughout the Bible. Most concordances use the English word as it is translated in the Bible, so that you have to use a concordance for your particular translation (e.g. NIV, NKJV).

In addition to cross referencing the English words in the Bible, a concordance like Strong’s also has a cross-reference number assigned to each word of the original language (e.g. Hebrew or Greek) so that you can see all the places in the Bible where that identical original word is used and how it is translated.

You must learn how to use a concordance not merely to look up the meaning of a word but also to see how a word may be translated differently depending on how it is used, or to see how different words are translated the same way but which are not synonyms, or to see how a word is used in context.

3) Lexicons. Lexicons reference words in the original biblical language, give the primary and secondary and tertiary meanings of a word, and reference them to texts. They show variations of meaning based on mood and context. The use of lexicons usually requires ability in the original biblical language.

4) Word Study Books. Word study books are a hybrid concordance-lexicon. They list English words and show you various words in the original language that are translated that way and the associated textual references. They are an excellent tool for those not acquainted with the original biblical languages.

5) Bible Atlas. A Bible atlas associates places with historical events and provides resource material on culture, climate etc.

6) Bible Dictionary / Bible Encyclopaedia. These reference books give short articles on Bible subjects (places, people, customs etc). Bible encyclopaedias also include long articles on various subjects. These resources give you the benefit of scholarly research in condensed form.

7) Bible Commentaries. Before using commentaries, try to uncover the theme and thrust of the passage on your own through your study of the text. Then, select at least four or five good commentaries on the text being studied. As you read these commentaries, do the following:

  • Note any exegetical suggestions – e.g. difficult or debatable translation issues, unfamiliar words, phrases, expressions.
  • Note any hermeneutical suggestions – e.g. what the author meant and what it means today.
  • Note any homiletical suggestions - e.g. to do with the structure of the text and its application to a contemporary audience.
  • Note any introductory suggestions – e.g. historical, cultural or textual issues.
  • Note any theological suggestions – e.g. difficult or debatable doctrinal issues, complex or debatable topics etc.

Be careful not to get sidetracked with commentaries that deal with matters that have nothing to do with your sermon. Remember, these books are commentaries and a sermon is not a commentary. It is a message from God for his people at this time, which is rooted in the text of his word.

The thrust of your message needs to be determined, if possible, before you consult commentaries, which should be used primarily to clarify interpretive issues. Do not derive your message from commentaries - that is not what they are intended for. They cover a wide range of issues – interpretive, textual, contextual, canonical etc. They are not intended for specific sermons. They can easily lead you down rabbit trails about topics that you appreciate but which are not pertinent to your message.

I recommend that you use commentaries as supporting helps to enrich the message God has given you from your original study of the Scriptural text. Commentaries should be used to: (1) aid your comprehension of the passage; (2) to get a “second opinion” on your interpretation and use of the text (i.e. might safeguard you from saying something stupid or wrong); (3) to wrestle with difficult interpretive passages.

Make sure you always use several commentaries to ensure that you are on safe ground. One commentary might not give you the right interpretation or spell out all the possibilities. The great benefit of commentaries is that they usually contain the results of years of scholarly research, which you will not have time to do for each sermon. Obviously, we want to benefit from that research and should do so.

My caveat is simply that you study the text and discover the message in the text for yourself first. If, however, the text is of such a nature that you cannot fathom what it is about, its sequence and interconnection of thoughts, or what it means, you may need to consult commentaries earlier in the preparation process.

8) Systematic Theology Textbooks. They allow you to study the organized presentation of biblical doctrine by scholars, though each may have a personal doctrinal bias.

9) Bible Software. Bible software is now making some of these traditional secondary sources redundant since many Bible software programs contain much of the information you would otherwise have to consult several sources for. Many of these software programs also include volumes of books that you can gain access to for an additional charge.

10) Christian Websites. Many Christian websites now contain very useful resources for preaching, such as illustrations. One such website is, of course, the one that publishes these Pastors Journals, (https://bible.org/net-pastors-journal).

Conclusions. These ten resource tools will give you sufficient material to aid you in a thorough study of the biblical passage under consideration. In addition to these tools, you should make use of several reliable Bible translations to show you various ways that translators have interpreted the text.

Part III: Leadership – Being A Godly Role Model

“Your Personal Surrender to the Holy Spirit,” Pt. 5

In the last four editions of this Pastors Journal (2014 Spring, Summer, Fall, and 2015 Winter), we have been studying the topic of your personal surrender, as a leader, to the Holy Spirit based on the teaching in Ephesians 5:18-6:20. We have examined the meaning of the Spirit-filled life, the necessity of the Spirit-filled life, the reality of the Spirit-filled life, and we are in the midst of studying the activity of the Spirit-filled life.

One’s surrender to the Spirit-filled life affects all aspects of our daily activity: (1) unity in the church (5:19-21), (2) harmony in the home (5:22-6:4), (3) cooperation in the workplace (6:5-9), and (4) victory in the world (6:10-20).

Spirit-filled harmony in the home involves harmony between husbands and wives and harmony between children and parents. In the last edition we completed the section on Spirit-filled harmony in the home between husbands and wives (Eph. 5:22-33). In this edition we are going to look at Spirit-filled harmony in the home between children and parents (Eph. 6:1-4) and Spirit-filled co-operation in the workplace (Eph. 6:5-9).

Spirit-Filled Harmony In The Home Between Children And Parents (Eph. 6:1-4)

Harmony in the home not only involves the relationship of husbands and wives but also children and parents. In that regard, harmony in the home comes from Spirit-filled children relating to their parents properly.

The proper behaviour of children is to obey their parents. Children obey your parents in the Lord, for this is right. Honour your father and mother, which is the first commandment with promise: ‘that it may be well with you and you may live long on the earth’” (6:1-3). To obey is to literally put yourself under the words and authority of your parents. This is another aspect of mutual submission (Eph. 5:21) – the voluntary submission of children to parents. Their obedience is governed by being in the Lord - this is Christian discipleship. Children show their reverence for the Lord by submitting to the authority of their parents. Children obey their parents because they are in the Lord and because it is right. It is what God commands and expects.

The proper attitude of children is also to honour their parents. If obedience is a right act or behaviour, then honour is a right attitude. Two important points here come from the 5th commandment:

1. The key to all human relationships is the relationship to your parents – honour your father and mother. Honour them for who they are.

2. This is the first commandment with a promise – that it may be well with you and that you may live long on the earth. Under Jewish law there were rewards for keeping certain laws. The reward for keeping this law was prosperity and length of life. Christians aren’t under law and we certainly have no promises regarding prosperity and length of life. So why is this promise here?

(a) Because it reinforces the significance and importance of the command - i.e. if it was that important in the O.T., it ought to be important to us.

(b) Because honour of your parents does bring with it certain rewards – not material prosperity or length of life, but spiritual prosperity, relational prosperity (harmonious relationships in your family), right attitudes to authority etc.

Second, harmony in the home comes from Spirit-filled fathers raising their children responsibly.

Stated negatively, don't make them angry. “Fathers do not provoke your children to wrath” (6:4a). Don't misuse your power and authority. Don't be like the fathers in the Greco-Roman culture who could sell their children as slaves, or even kill them. Fathers are the most likely to provoke their children to anger, to produce in their children a deep-seated exasperation and resentment that erupts in hostility.

What kind of treatment can produce that kind of response? Favouritism, criticism (which leads to discouragement), expecting them to be adults rather than letting children be children, and physical and verbal harshness.

Stated positively, train them properly. “Bring them up in the discipline and instruction of the Lord (6:4b). It’s a father’s responsibility to discipline his children. Discipline has the sense of what is done to and for a child. Train them to be disciplined, self-controlled, orderly, upright. And when necessary, discipline includes punishment.

It’s a father’s responsibility to instruct his children. This has the sense of what is said to a child – what he or she is taught verbally. This would include verbal correction and instruction - warning them of things that are wrong, without breaking their spirits; counselling them from your own experience, without lording it over them; instructing them, without being burdensome; encouraging them, reproving them, remonstrating with them, without breathing down their necks all the time.

This is the discipline and instruction of the Lord. That’s the spirit in which it is to be done. This is Christian training by instruction and example.

If you don’t have harmony in your home, how can you provide unifying leadership in the church? Your home is a reflection of who you truly are, and if a harmonious, loving, respectful, supportive relationship doesn’t exist there, then you’re disqualified from leadership in the church.

So much, then, for Spirit-filled harmony in the home. Now let’s examine...

Spirit-Filled Co-Operation In The Workplace (Eph. 6:5-9)

In the 1st century the relationship of masters and servants existed in the home as well as the workplace. In fact, it could be argued that the home was the workplace for many servants. Indeed, probably business and commerce were carried on at home. But for us the home and workplace are quite distinct.

We must not be distracted into thinking of slaves / servants like slaves in the southern U.S. in the last century. Many slaves in Greco-Roman culture had good jobs and were well treated. Some slaves were actually professional people like doctors.

For the purposes of this study, I am looking at this passage as a workplace relationship rather than a home relationship. This workplace relationship for a Christian is to be characterized by mutual respect, co-operation, working together, a Spirit-filled attitude of Christian employees to their employers and of Christian employers to their employees.

First, cooperation in the workplace comes from Spirit-filled servants obeying their masters sincerely (6:5-8). Bondservants, be obedient to your earthly masters” (5a). This is not conditional on receiving fair treatment from your employer. Rather, the Christian employee is to keep on being obedient no matter what (cf. 1 Pet. 2:18).

Christian obedience is shown in your attitude. It’s an attitude of respectwith fear and trembling (5b). This doesn't infer cowering like a scared puppy. This infers honour, esteem, because you acknowledge that the source of their authority is God. It’s an attitude of sincerityin singleness of heart (5c). You are undivided in your loyalty – no hypocrisy, no ulterior motives, but untarnished integrity. It’s an attitude of Christian serviceas you obey Christ (5c). This is the perspective that makes such obedience possible. This is the fundamental motive for Christian obedience.

This attitude can make your testimony very believable and powerful. If your work ethic is different from others (in the way you speak, think, respond), you can have a powerful testimony. But if you always arrive at work late and leave early, do poor quality work, take long lunch breaks etc., then your testimony won’t be believable.

Notice also, Christian obedience is shown in your diligence (6-8). A diligent Christian doesn’t work to impress others - “... not with eye-service as men pleasers” (6a). A diligent Christian is not one who tries to curry the boss’s favour. Doesn't just work hard when the boss is looking. Doesn't do a good job just to make a good impression.

Rather, a diligent Christian works for the Lord: “... as a servant of Christ” (6b). A servant of Christ does “the will of God from the soul” (6c). You’re not just going through the motions of work but you are engrossed in doing the will of God from your innermost being. Doing God’s will is part of your everyday life. God’s will is generated inwardly in your heart and soul and expressed outwardly in your attitude, diligence, wholeheartedness. This is in direct contrast to those who pay lip service but have no inner convictions about how they do their work. A servant of Christ serves with enthusiasm as you would serve the Lord not men (7). The one who does the will of God also does the work of God. Your enthusiasm comes from a new perspective – no longer seeing yourself as a slave of men but of Christ.

Further, a diligent Christian works for God’s reward“... knowing that anyone doing good will receive the same from the Lord whether he is a slave or free” (8). You work diligently because you know that the Lord, not your boss, is your final judge. It’s this eschatological perspective that makes it all worthwhile – you know that when you do the will of God for the glory of God that God will take note.

Second, cooperation in the workplace comes from Spirit-filled masters respecting their servants impartially (6:9). Christian masters need to demonstrate three principles. The first is: Do to others as you would have them do to you“Masters, do the same to them” (9a). Treat your employees the way you want them to treat you. The environment of any organization stems from the top. If you want them to show a good attitude toward you, then show it to them. If you want them to be obedient to you, then show a submissive, obedient spirit yourself. If you want them to be conscientious and genuine toward you, then make sure you treat them honestly and uprightly. If you want them to work diligently for you, then you be diligent in providing them with good work conditions and wages. If you want them to work with enthusiasm, then give them something to be enthusiastic about. Don't get a high opinion of yourself because you’re the boss. Do to and for your employees as you expect from them

The second principle is: Don’t misuse your power - “...give up threatening” (9b). Don't use threats to get your own way. Don't use your position of authority unlawfully. Don't provoke them like some fathers do their children.

The third principle is: Remember, you are accountable yourself - “... knowing that your own Master also is in heaven” (9c). You have a master as well – the ultimate Master in heaven. He holds ultimate power. His decision is final. You’re accountable to him. So, in that sense you are a fellow servant of Jesus Christ – the Christian employee and employer are both accountable to the same Master. You aren’t any more important than they are because “there is no favouritism (partiality) with God” (9d). Your heavenly Master isn't influenced by your position, rank, or power. So, don't be deceived into thinking that somehow he will favour you.

Part IV: Sermon Outlines

Jesus’ Dialogue With Mary Magdalene

For the English audio version of these sermons, click on these links: Link 1 - Jn. 20:1-2; Link 2 - Jn. 20:3-10; Link 3 - Jn. 20:11-18

Title: The Shock and Reality of the Resurrection, Part 1,2,3

Point #1: The empty tomb turns observers into believers (1-10)

1. The empty tomb turns observers into followers

(a) At the cross, some were observers (Lk. 23:55-56)

(b) At the empty tomb, some were followers (1-2)

2. The empty tomb turns followers into believers (3-10)

(a) For some, the empty tomb leaves them sceptical (6-7)

(b) For some, the empty tomb inspires them to believe (5, 8-9)

Point #2: The risen Christ turns sorrow into joy (11-18)

1. Ignorance of the resurrection produces sorrow (11-13)

(a) It produces sorrow despite the evidence (11)

(b) It produces sorrow despite the testimony (12-13)

2. Knowledge of the resurrection produces joy (14-18)

(a) It produces joy through recognizing him (14-16)

(b) It produces joy through obedience to him (17-18)


[1] Olford, Anointed Expository Preaching (Broadman & Holman), 233.

[2] Philips Brooks, The Joy of Preaching (Kregel, 1989), 25ff.

[3] Olford, Anointed, 233.

Related Topics: Pastors

Jurnalul Electronic Al Păstorilor, Rom Ed 15, Editia de primăvară 2015

Ediţia de Primăvară 2015

Autor: Dr. Roger Pascoe, Preşedinte,

Institutul Pentru Predicare Biblică

Cambridge, Ontario, Canada

(http://tibp.ca/)

C:\Users\Roger\Documents\My Documents\Institute for Biblical Preaching\Forms, Binder Cover Page, Logo\IBP Logos\IBP Logo.jpg

“Întărind biserica în predicare biblică şi conducere”

Partea I: Două Fundamente Esenţiale Pentru Predicare

Primul fundament pentru o lucrare stabilă şi durabilă constă într-o motivaţie pentru lucrare adecvată, din partea predicatorului. Am studiat această tematică în ultimele două ediţii ale Jurnalului. Acum, ajungem la cel de-al doilea fundament pentru predicare…

Întruparea Mesajului De Către Predicator

Nu doar că lucrarea ta va fi instabilă şi poate de scurtă durată, dacă duce lipsă de cele patru fundamente ale predicării, nici mesajul nu va fi puternic şi credibil, dacă nu practici ceea ce predici.

Toată predicarea autentică este una întrupată – adică adevărul predicat este reflectat şi trăit de către predicator. Aspectul acesta este esenţial pentru predicare – nu te poţi detaşa de mesajul pe care-l proclami.

Dr. Martyn Lloyd-Jones a considerat că predicarea implică „comunicare prin personalitate”. Dr. Stephen Olford scrie: „Pentru a fi comunicat în mod eficient, mesajul trebuie să fie simţit în interior şi întrupat în afară.” – adică trebuie să fie incarnaţional. [1]

La asta s-a referit Isus când a spus: „Cine vă ascultă pe voi, pe Mine mă ascultă” (Lc. 10:16). Este vorba despre o predicare întrupată – cuvântul lui Dumnezeu trăit. Nu putem să fim separați de adevărul pe care-l proclamăm. Trebuie să trăim focalizați pe Cuvântul lui Dumnezeu și voia Lui, până ce vom putea vorbi despre „mărturia lui Dumnezeu) (1 Cor. 2:1) cu autoritate, fiind noi înșine captivați de aceasta.

Predicarea întrupată a fost definită ca exprimarea adevărului prin personalitate.[2] Ca lucrători cu Evanghelia, Cuvântul lui Dumnezeu trebuie să fie întrupat în noi și trăit. Trebuie să ne identificăm cu mesajul pe care-l vestim, tot așa cum Isus (Logosul) s-a identificat cu Tatăl pe care L-a proclamat: „Cuvântul S-a făcut trup.” (In. 1:14). Isus l-a dezvăluit pe Tatăl – a fost Dumnezeu și Om. El l-a arătat pe Tatăl într-o formă trupească. Isus s-a identificat pe Sine cu Tatăl, în trupul Său. Isus l-a întrupat pe Tatăl și, făcând lucrul acesta, ni L-a explicat (exegetat) – ex. „L-a făcut cunoscut” (In. 1:18), astfel încât să-l putem cunoaște (să-l „vedem”) pe Tatăl.

Dr. Olford afirmă: Isus a fost „revelația întrupată… (adică) esența predicării răscumpărătoare. Ceea ce nu este întrupat, nu este răscumpărător și ce nu este răscumpărător, nu poate transforma viețile.”[3]

La fel cum prin întruparea lui Isus, Dumnezeu a putut fi văzut în formă umană, tot așa trebuie să trăim și noi Cuvântul pe care-l predicăm, iar oamenii să vadă Cuvântul în noi – să poată „vedea” cum este Hristos și, prin urmare, să-l „cunoască” pe El.

Predicarea întrupată este un mister divin, la fel cum întruparea și răstignirea lui Hristos sunt „o nebunie pentru cei ce sunt pe calea pierzării” (1 Cor. 1:23). Pentru ca acest mister să devină viu și tangibil, este nevoia ca noi, ca predicatori, să ne identificăm cu mesajul pe care-l proclamăm.

Apostolul Pavel descrie predicarea incarnațională în 1 Corinteni 2:1-5. În acest pasaj învățăm trei caracteristici ale predicării întrupate.

În primul rând, când predici, mesajul trebuie să fie convingător, nu datorită înțelepciunii și vorbirii tale, ci pe baza persoanei și lucrării lui Hristos. „Cât despre mine, fraților, când am venit la voi, n-am venit să vă vestesc taina lui Dumnezeu cu o vorbire sau înțelepciune strălucită. Căci n-am avut de gând să știu între voi altceva, decât pe Isus Hristos și pe El răstignit.” (1-2). Pavel spune că, atunci când se comunică Evanghelia, puterea ei de convingere nu derivă din oratoria, istețimea, sau înțelepciunea noastră, ci din natura a ceea ce este și a făcut Hristos. Mesajul nostru are impact numai atunci când îl predicăm „pe Hristos și pe El răstignit.” Doar Duhul Sfânt poate să-i convingă pe oameni să creadă adevărul despre Hristos. Numai Evanghelia poate să le deschidă mintea oamenilor și să le schimbe atitudinea, astfel încât să fie receptivi la adevărul Cuvântului lui Dumnezeu.

În al doilea rând, când predici, mesajul trebuie să fie puternic, nu datorită persoanei și cuvintelor tale, ci datorită lucrării Duhului Sfânt. „ Eu însumi, când am venit în mijlocul vostru, am fost slab, fricos și plin de cutremur. Și învățătura și propovăduirea mea nu stăteau în vorbirile înduplecătoare ale înțelepciunii, ci într-o dovadă dată de Duhul și de putere…” (3-4). Doar Duhul Sfânt poate să ia adevărul și să-l atașeze de o persoană. Este nevoie să existe această fuziune divină care transmite adevărul prin predicator către adunare, în baza lucrării Duhului Sfânt. Dar lucrarea Acestuia îi schimbă pe oameni și le oferă vieți nou, nu abilitățile noastre de a-i impresiona. Când Evanghelia este vestită în mod corect, clar și potrivit, oamenii răspund pozitiv față de ea, iar acest lucru este o dovadă a puterii Duhului și nu a abilităților noastre sau a capacităților de convingere pe care le avem. Cum se întâmplă acest lucru este, într-adevăr, un mister. Este vorba despre lucrarea tainică a Duhului lui Dumnezeu, Singurul ce poate să aducă viață nouă în sufletele pierdute.

În al treilea rând, când predici, mesajul trebuie să fie productiv, nu datorită credinței în înțelepciunea umană ci datorită credinței în puterea lui Dumnezeu. „…pentru ca credința voastră să fie întemeiată nu pe înțelepciunea oamenilor, ci pe puterea lui Dumnezeu.” (5). Când predicăm, noi nu încercăm să-i impresionăm pe oameni cu intelectul nostru sau cu înțelepciunea noastră, de parcă acestea i-ar putea convinge pe oameni să creadă Evanghelia. Nu vrem ca oamenii să aibă credință în noi sau în cunoștințele noastre, ci „în puterea lui Dumnezeu”, după cum spune Evanghelia. Numai atunci predicarea noastră va fi productivă. Doar atunci, ea va produce roadă pentru Dumnezeu.

Fie ca niciodată să nu ne ridicăm să predicăm, până când nu spunem: „Cuvântul s-a făcut trup în mine”.

Partea A II-A: Pregătirea Pentru Predicare

“Resurse pentru studierea textului”

Pentru a interpreta corect Biblia este nevoie să utilizăm toate uneltele de cercetare pe care le avem la dispoziție. Începem cu O SINGURĂ SURSĂ PRIMARĂ. O implicație clară a expresiei „expunere biblică” este aceea că mesajul are doar o singură sursă – Biblia. Putem să folosim și alte materiale, însă numai ca elemente auxiliare (ex. pentru clarificare, aplicare, ilustrare sau apel). Biblia este sursa voastră primară de material și este esența mesajului vostru. Există multe alte surse de informații, însă Biblia este cea primară – este fundamentul credinței voastre.

Multe alte religii pretind a fi creștin, dar avem o singură sursă, cu adevărat, creștină – Biblia. Ceea ce diferențiază credința creștine de toate celelalte este faptul că are doar o singură sursă – Cuvântul lui Dumnezeu. Prin urmare, Biblia trebuie să fie singura sursă primară pentru predicarea noastră.

Termenul ”predicator” înseamnă ”vestitor”. Un vestitor este cineva care anunță mesajul neschimbat al regelui. Tot astfel, cel ce expune Biblia are responsabilitatea de a predica mesajul nealterat al Regelui. Așadar, textul biblic trebuie să rămână principala sursă a predicatorului.

Cum poți avea grijă ca textul biblic să fie prioritar atunci când pregătești predicile? Un mod este prin a revedea schița predicii și prin a însemna materialului care duce lipsă de sprijinul unui anumit text. Apoi, asigurați-vă că acela este doar un material auxiliar și nu expozitiv.

Apoi, avem la dispoziție RESURSE SECUNDARE MULTIPLE. Noi avem doar o singură sursă primară care formează esența mesajului, însă avem și multe resurse secundare utile în predicare. Se poate să creșteți acuratețea, eficiența și claritatea în predicare folosind multe din resursele secundare disponibile și în același timp să rămâneți fideli angajamentului vostru de a declara mesajul așa cum reiese din sursa primară a Scripturii.

Aceste multe resurse secundare sunt unelte în arsenalul vostru care vă pot ajuta să atingeți ținta principală a expunerii biblice. Resursele acestea includ:

1) Un dicționar. Folosiți un dicționar pentru a clarifica orice cuvânt al cărui înțeles nu-l știți sau nu-l înțelegeți.

2) Concordanțele. Concordanțele sunt manuale de trimiteri biblice. Ele arată unde este folosit un anumit cuvânt din Biblie. Cele mai multe concordanțe utilizează cuvântul așa cum este tradus în Biblie și, deci, este nevoie să folosești una specifică unei anumite traduceri (ex. NIV, NKJV).

În plus, când căutăm trimiterile din Biblie, în limba engleză, concordanțe precum cea a lui Strong atribuie și câte un număr fiecărui cuvânt din limba originală (ebraică sau greacă), astfel încât să puteți urmări toate locurile din Biblie unde este folosit același cuvânt în original și modul în care el a fost tradus.

Trebuie să învățați să folosiți concordanțele, nu doar pentru a vă uita la sensul unui cuvânt, ci și pentru a ști cum poate fi tradus un cuvânt în funcție de uzul său și să vedeți cum diverse cuvinte sunt traduse în același fel deși nu sunt sinonime, sau să vedeți cum este folosit cuvântul în context.

3) Lexicoanele pun la dispoziție cuvintele în limba lor originală, oferă primele sensuri ale cuvintelor și indică textele unde acestea apar. Ele mai indică și variații ale semnificațiilor, în funcție de starea și contextul pasajului. Folosirea lexicoanelor presupune, de obicei, abilitatea de a lucra cu limbile biblice.

4) Cărți de analiză a cuvintelor. Aceste cărți sunt un fel de hibrid între concordanță și lexicon. Ele arată cuvintele în engleză și ne arată și diverse cuvinte în limba originală, are sunt traduse în felul acela. Putem vedea și referințele textuale asociate acestor cuvinte. Ele sunt de mare folos pentru cei ce nu sunt obișnuiți să lucreze cu limbile biblice.

5) Atlasele biblice – asociază locurile cu evenimentele istorice și ne pun la dispoziție informații despre cultură, climat etc.

6) Dicționarul Biblic/ Enciclopedia biblică. Acestea ne oferă articole scurte pe teme biblice (locuri, oameni, obiceiuri etc.). Enciclopediile biblice includ și articole mai lungi pe diverse teme. Aceste resurse îți oferă, în formă comprimată, beneficiile rezultate din cercetarea științifică

7) Comentariile biblice. Înainte de a utiliza comentariile, încercați să descoperiți tema și direcția pasajului de unii singuri, prin studiul textului. Apoi, alegeți cel puțin patru, cinci, comentarii bune pe subiectul tratat. Când citiți aceste comentarii faceți următoarele lucruri:

  • Notați orice fel de sugestii exegetice – dificultăți sau discuții legate de traducere, cuvinte, fraze, expresii nefamiliare.
  • Notați orice fel de sugestii hermeneutice – ce a vrut să spună autorul și ce înseamnă astăzi.
  • Notați orice fel de sugestii homiletice – alcătuirea structurii textului și a aplicațiilor acestora în context contemporan.
  • Notați orice fel de sugestii introductive – aspecte istorice, culturale, textuale.
  • Notați orice fel de sugestii teologice – doctrine dificile, subiecte complexe etc.

Fiți atenți să nu fiți derutați de comentariile care se ocupă de lucrurile ce nu nimic de-a face cu predica. Amintiți-vă că acestea sunt comentarii, iar predica nu este un comentariu, ci un mesaj de la Dumnezeu pentru poporul Său din vremea aceasta, mesaj înrădăcinat în textul Cuvântului Său. Trebuie să stabiliți care este direcția mesajului vostru, dacă se poate, înainte de a consulta comentariile, acestea fiind consultate în special pentru clarificarea unor aspecte hermeneutice. Nu vă extrageți mesajul din comentarii – nu acesta este motivul pentru care ele au fost scrise. Ele se ocupă de multe aspecte – hermeneutice, textuale, contextuale, canonice etc. Comentariile nu a fost scrise pentru predici specifice și vă pot duce ușor în eroare spre subiecte pe care le apreciați, dar care nu se potrivesc cu mesajul vostru.

Vă recomand să folosiți comentariile care ajutoare care pot îmbogăți mesajul pe care Dumnezeu vi l-a dat în urma studiului propriu făcut asupra Scripturii. Comentariile ar trebui să fie folosite pentru: (1) sporirea înțelegerii asupra pasajului; (2) să urmăriți „o a doua părere” privitoare la interpretarea pe care i-ați dat-o textului și modul cum îl folosiți (vă poate ajuta să evitați a spune ceva greșit); (3) să vă luptați cu pasaje greu de interpretat.

Asigurați-vă că folosiți întotdeauna mai multe comentarii pentru a nu greși. Este posibil ca un anumit comentariu să nu vă ofere interpretarea corectă, sau să nu prezinte toate variantele. Marele beneficiu al comentariilor este ca acestea dețin de obicei rezultatele multor ani de cercetare științifică, la care voi nu puteți ajunge în timpul limitat alocat pregătirii unei predici. Evident că noi vrem să beneficiem de aceste rezultate.

Ce vreau să spun este că trebuie să studiați textul și să descoperiți mesajul acestuia, voi înșivă. Dacă, totuși, textul este de așa natură încât nu vă puteți da seama despre ce e vorba, secvențele și conexiunile dintre idei, sau ce înseamnă, s-ar putea să fie nevoie să consultați comentariile ceva mai devreme în procesul studiului.

8) Cărțile de teologie sistematică: Ele vă ajută să studiați prezentarea organizată a doctrinelor, făcută de teologi, deși fiecare dintre ei poate avea o anumită opțiune doctrinară.

9) Softurile biblice – programele biblice IT disponibile în zilele noastre aproape că fac din tradiționalele surse secundare ceva de prisos. Aceste softuri includ cam tot ce am spus mai sus, într-un singur pachet. Multe dintre programe conțin și o sumedenie de cărți la care puteți avea acces pentru un cost suplimentar.

10) Site-urile creștine multe site-uri creștine conțin materiale deosebit de folositoare pentru predicare. Unul dintre aceste site-uri este, desigur, cel ce publică aceste Jurnale Pastorale (https://bible.org/net-pastors-journal).

Concluzii: Aceste zece resurse îți vor oferi suficient material auxiliar așa încât să puteți studia un anumit pasaj. În plus, mai puteți folosi și diverse traduceri ale Bibliei, pentru a vedea modul în care traducătorii au interpretat textul.

Partea A III-A: Conducere – Să Fii Un Model De Slujitor Evlavios

“Supunerea ta față de Duhul Sfânt,” Pt. 5

În ultimele patru ediții ale acestui Jurnal Pastoral (2014, Primăvară, Vară, Toamnă și 2015 Iarnă) am studiat subiectul predării personale, ca lider, față de Duhul Sfânt, în baza învățăturii din Efeseni 5:18-6:20. Am examinat ce înseamnă o viață plină de Duhul, necesitatea unei vieți pline de Duhul, realitatea unei vieți pline de Duhul, iar acum suntem în curs de a studia activitatea unei vieți pline de Duhul.

Supunerea cuiva față de Duhul afectează toate activitățile vieții de zi cu zi: (1) unitatea din biserică (5:19-21), (2) armonia din familie (5:22-6:4), (3) cooperarea la locul de muncă (6:5-9) și (4) biruința în lume (6:10-20).

Armonia în familie bazată pe plinătatea Duhului implică înțelegere între soți și soții, părinți și copii. În ultima ediție a Jurnalului am finalizat secțiunea alocată armoniei din familie, între soț și soție (Ef. 5:22-23). În această ediție vom continua să privim la armonia bazată pe plinătatea Duhului, între părinți și copii (Ef. 6:1-4) și cooperarea bazată pe plinătatea Duhlui, la locul de muncă (Ef. 6:5-9).

Armonia Bazată Pe Plinătatea Duhului În Familie, Între Părinți Și Copii (Ef. 6:1-4)

Armonia în familie nu include doar relația între soț și soție, ci și pe cea între copii și părinți. În sensul acesta, armonia în familie se manifestă atunci când copii plini de Duhul se relaționează corespunzător la părinții lor.

Comportamentul corespunzător al copiilor este acela de a asculta de părinții lor. „Copii ascultați de părinții voștri în Domnul căci este drept. Cinstește-l pe Tatăl tău și pe mama ta – este cea dintâi poruncă însoțită de o făgăduință – ca să fii fericit, și să trăiești multă vreme pe pământ.” (6:1-3). A asculta înseamnă să te așezi sub cuvintele și autoritatea părinților tăi. Acestea este un alt aspect al supunerii (Ef. 5:21) – supunerea voluntară a copiilor față de părinți. Ascultarea lor trebuie să fie în Domnul – adică ucenicie creștină. Copiii își arată reverența față de Domnu, supunându-se autorității părinților lor. Copiii ascultă de părinți deoarece ei sun în Domnul și dat fiind faptul că este drept. Dumnezeu poruncește aceasta și se așteaptă ca lucrurile să fie astfel.

Atitudinea corectă al copiilor este să-i cinstească pe părinții lor. Dacă ascultarea este un mod corect de comportare, cinstirea este atitudinea corectă. Aici sunt amintite două aspecte importante din porunca a 5-a:

1. Cheia pentru toate relațiile omenești stă în relația cu părinții tăi – cinstește pe tatăl și pe mama ta. Onorează-i pentru cine sunt ei.

2. Aceasta este prima poruncă însoțită de o promisiune – ca să fii fericit și să trăiești multă vreme pe pământ. În legea iudaică existau anumite răsplăți pentru respectarea poruncilor. Răsplata pentru respectarea acestei vieți era prosperitatea și viața lungă. Creștinii nu mai sunt sub lege și cu siguranță nu mai avem promisiuni legate de viață lungă și prosperitate. Atunci, de ce este această promisiune aici?

(a) Deoarece întărește semnificația și importanța poruncii – dacă era așa de importantă în VT trebuie să fie importantă și pentru noi.

(b) Deoarece cinstirea părinților aduce cu sine anumite răsplăți – nu viață lungă și prosperitate materială, ci prosperitate spirituală, relațională (relații armonioase în familie), atitudini corecte față de autoritate etc.

În al doilea rând, armonia în familie are la bază părinți plini de Duhul care își cresc copii în mod responsabil

Nu-i întărâtați la mânie. „Părinților, nu-i întărâtați la mânie pe copiii voștri” (4:4a). Nu folosiți în mod greșit puterea și autoritatea voastră. Nu fiți ca părinții din cultura greco-romană, care își putea vinde copiii ca sclavi, sau chiar să-i ucidă. Părinții pot provoca mâni în copiii lor, să-i ducă într-o stare de resentimente care că erupă în atitudini de ostilitate.

Ce anume poate produce în copii un asemenea răspuns? Favoritismul, criticile (care duc la descurajare), așteptarea ca aceștia să fie adulți, în loc să li se permită copiilor să fie copii, abuzurile fizice și verbale.

Dacă formulăm în sens pozitiv, educați-i în mod corespunzător. „Creșteți-i în mustrarea și învățătura Domnului (6:4b). Este responsabilitatea tatălui să-i mustre pe copiii săi. Disciplinarea aduce în discuție ce se face pentru copil. Învățați-i să fie disciplinați, înfrânați, ordonați, drepți. Atunci când este necesar, disciplinarea include și pedeapsa.

Este responsabilitatea tatălui să-i învețe pe copiii săi. Aceasta include ce se spune copilului – ce este învățat verbal. Deci este necesară corecția și instrucția verbală – avertizându-i pe copii cu privire la lucrurile care sunt greșite, fără a le zdrobi elanul; să-i consiliați în baza propriei voastre experiențe, fără să stăpâniți asupra lor; să-i învățați, fără a deveni împovărători; să-i încurajați, să-i mustrați, să-i ghidați fără să-i duceți în eroare.

Aceasta este disciplinare și instruire în Domnul. În acest spirit trebuie să acționăm. Creștinii îi învață pe alții prin învățătură și exemplu.

Dacă nu ai armonie în familia ta, cum poți să conduci o biserică înspre unitate? Casa ta este o reflecție a cine ești tu cu adevărat, iar dacă în familia nu este pace, iubire, respect și sprijin, atunci ești descalificat din conducerea bisericii.

Atât, deocamdată, privitor la armonia din familie, bazată pe Duhul. Acum să privim la…

Cooperarea Bazată Pe Duhul, La Locul De Muncă (Ef. 6:5-9)

În secolul întâi, relația de tip stăpâni-sclavi exista atât în familii, cât și la locul de muncă. De fapt, se poate spune că gospodăriile erau locul de muncă pentru mulți sclavi. Într-adevăr, probabil că afacerile și comerțul se desfășurau acasă. Pentru noi, însă, căminul și locul de muncă sunt destul de separate.

Nu trebuie să ne gândim la sclavi/slujitori având ideea sclavilor din sudul SUA, în secolul trecut. Mulți sclavi din cultura greco-romană aveau slujbe bune și erau tratați bine. Unii sclavi aveau chiar și profesii, cum ar fi cea de doctor.

Pentru scopul studiului nostru, vom privi la acest pasaj urmărind relațiile la locul de muncă, mai degrabă decât cele din cadrul căminului. Acest gen de relații, la locul de muncă, trebuie să fie caracterizate, pentru un creștin, de respect mutual, cooperare, și o atitudine plină de Duhul din partea angajaților față de angajatori și invers.

În primul rând, cooperarea la locul de muncă are loc atunci când slujitorii plini de Duhul îi ascultă cu sinceritate pe conducătorii lor (6:5-8). „Robilor, ascultați de stăpânii voștri pământești” (5a). Porunca aceasta nu este condiționată de primirea unui tratament corespunzător din partea angajatorului. Dimpotrivă, angajatul creștin trebuie să continue să asculte indiferent de situație (cf. 1 Pet. 2:18).

Ascultarea creștină se arată în atitudinea ta. Este o atitudine de respectcu frică și cutremur (5b). Acest lucru nu înseamnă să te porți ca un laș, ci este vorba despre onoare și respect, deoarece recunoști că sursa autorității conducătorilor este de la Dumnezeu. Este o atitudine de sinceritateîn curăție de inimă (5c). Nu ai o loialitate împărțită – fără ipocrizie, fără motive ascunse, cu integritate. Este o atitudine de slujire creștinăca de Hristos (5c). Aceasta este perspectiva care face o astfel de ascultare posibilă. Găsim, aici, motivul principal pentru ascultarea creștină.

O asemenea atitudine poate face ca mărturia ta să fie extrem de credibilă și puternică. Dacă etica muncii diferă la tine față de alții (în modul în care gândești, vorbești, te porți), poți avea o mărturie puternică. Dar, dacă întârzii mereu la lucru și pleci mai devreme, faci o muncă de slabă calitate, îți iei pauze lungi de prânz, atunci mărturia ta nu va fi credibilă.

Observați, de asemenea, că ascultarea creștină se vede în sârguința ta (6-8). Un creștin sârguincios nu lucrează pentru a-i impresiona pe alții - „… nu numai când sunteți sub ochii lor, ca și cum ați vrea să plăceți oamenilor… (6a). Un creștin sârguincios nu este o persoană care încearcă să intre sub pielea șefului său. El nu lucrează din greu doar atunci când îl vede angajatorul pentru a face o impresie bună.

Dimpotrivă, un creștin sârguincios lucrează ca pentru Domnul: „… ca niște robi ai lui Hristos” (6b). Un rob al lui Hristos „face din inimă voia lui Dumnezeu” (6c). Nu încercă să lucrezi când și cum, ci ești preocupat să faci voia lui Dumnezeu din adâncul ființei tale. Să faci voia lui Dumnezeu este parte din viața de zi cu zi. Voia lui Dumnezeu se află în inimă și este exprimată în exterior prin atitudine, sârguință și dedicare. Așa ceva este în contrast direct cu cei care slujesc superficial și nu au nici un fel de convingere lăuntrică privitoare la modul în care trebuie să lucreze. Un rob a lui Hristos slujește cu bucurie, ca Domnului, iar nu oamenilor (7). Cel ce face voia lui Dumnezeu, face și lucrarea lui Dumnezeu. Bucuria ta vine dintr-o perspectivă nouă – nu te mai vezi ca rob al oamenilor, ci al lui Hristos.

Mai departe, un creștin sârguincios lucrează pentru răsplată de la Dumnezeu - „căci știți că fiecare, fie rob, fie slobod, va primi răsplata de la Domnul” (8). Tu lucrezi cu sârguință fiindcă știi că judecătorul tău ultim este Domnul, nu șeful tău. Această perspectivă escatologică schimbă totul – știi că atunci când faci voia lui Dumnezeu, pentru gloria Sa, El va lua act de acest lucru.

În al doilea rând, cooperarea la locul de muncă are loc atunci când conducătorii plini de Duhul îi respectă pe slujitorii lor, fără părtinire (6:9). Șefii creștini trebuie să demonstreze trei principii. Primul este acesta: Faceți altora așa cum ați vrea să vă facă ei vouă – „Și voi stăpânilor, purtați-vă la fel cu ei” (9a). Tratați-i pe angajații voștri, așa cum vreți să se poarte ei cu vi. Mediul fiecărei organizații este determinat de ceea ce se întâmplă la vârf. Dacă vreți ca angajații să aibă o atitudine bună față de voi, atunci faceți și voi așa cu ei. Dacă vreți ca ei să vă asculte, atunci arătați și voi înșivă un duh de supunere. Dacă vreți să fie conștiincioși și autentici față de voi, asigurați-vă că-i tratați și voi drept și în mod onest. Dacă vreți să lucreze cu sârguință pentru voi, atunci fiți și voi sârguincioși oferindu-le salarii și condiții bune de muncă. Dacă vreți ca ei să lucreze cu bucurie, atunci dați-le motive să fie bucuroși. Nu vă supraestimați fiindcă sunteți șefi. Purtați-vă cu angajații voștri, așa după cum vă așteptați ca ei să se poarte cu voi.

Al doilea principiu este: Nu folosiți autoritatea în mod greșit„feriți-vă de amenințări” (9b). Nu folosiți amenințările pentru a obține ceea ce vreți. Nu faceți uz de autoritatea voastră într-un mod greșit. Nu îi întărâtați pe angajați, așa cum fac unii părinți cu copiii lor.

Al treilea principiu este: Țineți minte că și voi înșivă veți da socoteală„ca unii care știți că Stăpânul lor și al vostru este în cer” (9c). Și voi aveți un stăpân – cel mai de seamă Stăpân din ceruri. El are cea mai mare autoritate și hotărârile Sale se împlinesc. Voi sunteți responsabili în fața Lui. Așadar, fiind împreună robi ai lui Hristos, atât angajatul cât și angajatorul creștin vor da socoteală aceluiași Stăpân. Voi nu sunteți mai importanți decât ceilalți deoarece „înaintea Lui nu se are în vedere fașa omului” (9d). Stăpânul vostru cel ceresc nu este influențat de poziția, sau autoritatea voastră. Așadar, nu vă înșelați crezând că veți fi cumva favorizați.

Partea IV-A: Schițe De Predici

Dialogul Lui Isus Cu Maria Magdalena

Pentru versiunea în limba engleză a acestor predici, faceți click pe următoarele linkuri: Link 1 - In. 20:1-2; Link 2 - In. 20:3-10; Link 3 - In. 20:11-18

Titlu: Șocul și realitatea învierii, Partea 1,2,3

Punctul #1: Mormântul gol face din observatori oameni credincioși (1-10)

1. Mormântul gol face din observatori urmași

(a) La cruce, unii sunt observatori (Lc. 23:55-56)

(b) La mormântul gol unii erau urmași (1-2)

2. Mormântul gol face din urmași oameni credincioși (3-10)

(a) Pe unii mormântul gol îi face să fie sceptici (6-7)

(b) Pe unii mormântul gol îi face să creadă (5, 8-9)

Punctul #2: Hristosul înviat schimbă întristarea în bucurie (11-18)

1. Ignorarea învierii produce întristare (11-13)

(a) Produce întristare în ciuda dovezilor (11)

(b) Produce întristare în ciuda mărturiilor (12-13)

2. Cunoașterea învierii produce bucurie (14-18)

(a) Produce bucurie prin recunoașterea Lui 14-16)

(b) Produce bucurie prin ascultarea de El (17-18)


[1] Olford, Anointed Expository Preaching (Broadman & Holman), 233.

[2] Philips Brooks, The Joy of Preaching (Kregel, 1989), 25ff.

[3] Olford, Anointed, 233.

Related Topics: Pastors

La Revue Internet Des Pasteurs, Fre Ed 15, Edition du printemps 2015

Edition du Printemps 2015

Auteur : Dr Roger Pascoe, Président de

l’Institut pour la Prédication Biblique

Cambridge, Ontario, Canada

(http://tibp.ca/)

C:\Users\Roger\Documents\My Documents\Institute for Biblical Preaching\Forms, Binder Cover Page, Logo\IBP Logos\IBP Logo.jpg

Institut Biblique pour le Ministère Pastoral

Renforcer les capacités de l’Eglise dans la prédication biblique et le leadership

Partie I: Deux Fondements Essentiels Pour La Prédication

Le premier fondement pour un ministère stable et durable c’est la motivation pleine et suffisante du prédicateur pour le ministère. Nous avons étudié ce sujet dans les deux derniers numéros de la présente revue. Maintenant, nous arrivons au deuxième fondement de la prédication ...

L'incarnation Du Message Par Le Prédicateur

Non seulement votre ministère manquera de stabilité et d'endurance sans les quatre motivations fondamentales pour le ministère, mais votre message ne sera pas assez crédible et puissant si vous ne mettez pas vous même en pratique le message que vous prêchez.

Toute vraie prédication est une prédication incarnée - c’est à dire la prédication d’une vérité intériorisée et manifestée à l’extérieur par le prédicateur. C’est fondamental à la prédication - vous ne pouvez pas vous détacher du message que vous prêchez.

Le Docteur Martyn Lloyd-Jones était convaincu que la prédication sous-entend « la communication au moyen de la personnalité ». Et le Docteur Stephen Olford d’écrire: « pour qu’un message soit communiqué efficacement, il doit être vécue à l'intérieur et visible à l’extérieur »- c’est à dire qu'il doit être incarné[1].

C’est ce que Jésus voulait signifier lorsqu’il dit: «Celui qui vous écoute m’écoute» (Luc 10:16). C’est cela la prédication incarnée- la Parole de Dieu faite chair. Nous ne pouvons pas être détachés de la vérité que nous proclamons. Nous devons vivre dans la Parole de Dieu et la volonté de Dieu jusqu'à ce que nous puissions annoncer le «témoignage de Dieu » (1 Cor 2:1) avec autorité en tant que personnes qui sont absorbés par elle et qui vivent en elle et par elle.

La prédication incarnée a été définie comme étant le fait d’exprimer la vérité à travers sa personne[2]. En tant que ministres de l'Evangile, la Parole de Dieu doit devenir visible au travers de nous, elle doit être vécue en nous. Nous devons nous identifier avec le message que nous proclamons, tout comme Jésus (le Logos) était intimement assimilé au Père: «la parole a été faite chair» (Jean 1:14.). Jésus a personnifié, incarné le Père – c’était la divinité dans l'humanité. Il a fait connaitre le Père en prenant une forme corporelle. Etant dans la chair il s’est identifié au Père. Jésus a incarné le Père, et, ce faisant, Jésus a fait comprendre qui est le Père (fait l’exégèse du Père) – c’est à dire qu’«il l’a fait connaître» (Jean 1:18.) De sorte que nous sommes en mesure de connaître et, en fait, de «voir» le Père.

Le Docteur Olford parle de Jésus comme étant la «révélation incarnée ... (c’est à dire) l'essence de la prédication rédemptrice. Ce qui n’est pas incarné n’est pas rédempteur, et ce qui n’est pas rédempteur ne peut pas transformer une vie»[3]

Tout comme Jésus est né pour incarner la divinité sous la forme humaine, nous devons aussi vivre la Parole que nous prêchons dans nos vies afin que d'autres puissent percevoir la Parole en nous – qu’ils puissent «voir» à quoi Christ ressemble et, par conséquent, « le connaitre».

La prédication incarnée est un mystère divin, tout comme l'incarnation et la crucifixion du Christ est une « folie pour les païens » (1 Cor1:23). Pour que ce mystère puisse devenir vivant et tangible, nous devons en tant que prédicateurs nous identifier au message que nous proclamons.

L'apôtre Paul décrit la prédication incarnée dans 1 Corinthiens 2:1-5. Dans ce passage, nous apprenons trois caractéristiques de la prédication incarnée.

Premièrement, lorsque vous prêchez, votre message doit être convaincant, pas à cause de votre discours ou de votre sagesse, mais à cause de la personne et l'œuvre du Christ. « Pour moi, frères, lorsque je suis allé chez vous, ce n’est pas avec une supériorité de langage ou de sagesse que je suis allé vous annoncer le témoignage de Dieu. Car je n’ai pas eu la pensée de savoir parmi vous autre chose que Jésus-Christ, et Jésus-Christ crucifié » (v1-2). Paul dit que notre communication de l'Évangile ne tire pas sa persuasion de notre art oratoire, ni de la grandeur de notre sagesse humaine, mais plutôt de la nature de Christ et de ce qu'il a accompli. Notre message n’a de l’influence que lorsque nous prêchons «Christ et Christ crucifié» Seul l'Esprit Saint peut convaincre les gens à accepter la vérité au sujet du Christ. Seul l'Évangile peut ouvrir la compréhension des gens et changer leur attitude de sorte qu'ils soient réceptifs à la vérité de la Parole de Dieu.

Deuxièmement, lorsque vous prêchez, votre message doit être puissant, pas à cause de votre personne ou de vos mots, mais à cause de l'action et l’œuvre de l'Esprit. «Moi-même j’étais auprès de vous dans un état de faiblesse, de crainte, et de grand tremblement ; et ma parole et ma prédication ne reposaient pas sur les discours persuasifs de la sagesse, mais sur une démonstration d’Esprit et de puissance» (3-4). Seul le Saint-Esprit peut prendre la vérité et la faire correspondre au besoin de la personne. Il doit y avoir une fusion divine qui transmet la vérité du ministre à l’assemblée par le Saint-Esprit. C’est l'action et l’œuvre de l'Esprit qui change la vie des gens et leur donne une nouvelle vie, pas nos efforts personnels pour les impressionner. Lorsque l'Evangile est prêché avec exactitude, clarté, et de manière appropriée et que les gens y répondent positivement, c’est la preuve de la puissance de l'Esprit, pas de notre force de persuasion ou notre capacité à impressionner. La manière dont cela se produit est en effet un mystère. C’est l’œuvre mystérieuse et sacrée de l'Esprit de Dieu qui seul peut insuffler une nouvelle vie dans les âmes perdues.

Troisièmement, lorsque vous prêchez, votre message doit être productif, pas à cause de votre confiance en la sagesse humaine, mais à cause de votre foi en la puissance de Dieu. «afin que votre foi fût fondée, non sur la sagesse des hommes, mais sur la puissance de Dieu» (5). Quand nous prêchons nous n’essayons pas d'impressionner les gens avec notre intelligence humaine ou la sagesse comme si cela pouvait persuader les gens à croire à l'évangile. Nous ne voulons pas que les gens aient foi en nous ou en nos connaissances, mais en «la puissance de Dieu» telle que décrite dans l'Évangile. C’est alors seulement que notre prédication peut être productive. Seulement alors notre prédication peut produire des fruits pour Dieu.

Puissions-nous ne jamais nous tenir debout pour prêcher tant que nous ne pouvons pas dire: «la parole a été faite chair en moi»

Partie II: Preparation De La Predication

«Les Ressources Pour Etudier Le Texte»

Pour interpréter correctement les Ecritures, nous devons utiliser tous les outils de recherche à notre disposition. Nous commençons par une SOURCE PRIMAIRE UNIQUE. Une application précise de l'expression «exposé biblique» exige que le message n'ait qu'une seule source - la Bible. Vous pouvez utiliser d'autres sources mais seulement comme ressources qui viennent en appui (par exemple pour la clarification, l'application, l’illustration, ou pour lancer l’appel). La Bible est la principale source et de l'essence de votre message. Il existe de nombreuses autres sources d'informations, mais la Bible est la source primaire – elle est le fondement de notre foi.

Beaucoup d'autres religions prétendent être chrétiennes, mais il n'y a qu'une seule source pour tout ce qui est vraiment chrétien : la Bible. Ce qui différencie la foi chrétienne de toutes les autres, c’est qu'il n’a qu’une seule source - la Parole de Dieu. Par conséquent, les Écritures doivent être la seule source primaire de notre prédication.

Le terme «prédicateur» est synonyme de «héraut». Un héraut est celui qui annonce le message non altéré du roi. Justement, l'exégète de la Bible a la responsabilité de prêcher le message non altéré de notre Roi. Par conséquent, le texte biblique doit être la principale source du prédicateur.

Comment garder la primauté du texte biblique au moment où vous préparez sermons? Un bon moyen c’est d'examiner le brouillon de votre prédication et de marquer tout argument qui n’est pas soutenu par un texte spécifique, et faites en sorte que cet argument ne reste qu’un simple argument d'appui et non pas un argument d’exposition.

Puis, il ya des RESSOURCES SECONDAIRES MULTIPLES. Nous avons une source primaire qui constitue l'essence de notre message, mais nous avons aussi beaucoup de ressources secondaires qui aident notre prédication. Vous pouvez augmenter votre précision, votre efficacité et votre clarté dans la prédication en utilisant beaucoup de ressources secondaires disponibles, tout en restant toujours fidèle à votre engagement de proclamer vos messages à partir de la seule source primaire qu’est la Bible.

Ces multiples ressources secondaires sont des outils dans votre arsenal qui vous aident dans la réalisation de votre objectif principal d'exposition de la Bible. Ces ressources sont :

1) Le dictionnaire. Utilisez un dictionnaire pour clarifier tous les mots dont vous ne comprenez pas ou ne connaissez pas le sens.

2) Les concordances. Les concordances sont des manuels de références. Ils indiquent partout où un mot particulier a été utilisé dans la Bible. La plupart des concordances utilise le mot français tel qu'il est traduit dans la Bible ; ce qui fait que vous devez utiliser une concordance faite à partir de votre traduction particulière (par exemple le Louis Segond, Le semeur, etc.).

En plus de référencer les mots français dans la Bible, une concordance comme le Strong a également un certain nombre de références croisées qui sont attribuées à chaque mot de la langue d'origine (par exemple l’hébreu ou le grec) ; de sorte que vous puissiez voir tous les endroits dans la Bible où un mot d'origine identique est utilisé et comment il est traduit.

Vous devez apprendre à utiliser une concordance non seulement pour rechercher le sens d'un mot, mais aussi pour voir comment un mot peut être traduit différemment selon la façon dont il est utilisé, ou pour voir comment les différents mots sont traduits de la même façon sans être des synonymes, ou pour voir comment un mot est utilisé dans son contexte.

3) Les lexiques. Les lexiques référencient dans la langue biblique d'origine, donnent les sens primaires, secondaires et tertiaires d'un mot, et les appliquent au texte. Ils montrent des variations de sens basé sur l'humeur et le contexte. L'utilisation de lexiques nécessite généralement des connaissances dans la langue biblique d'origine.

4) Les livres d’étude du vocabulaire. Les livres d'étude du vocabulaire sont des concordances lexiques hybrides. Ils énumèrent des mots français et vous montrent différents mots dans la langue originale qui sont traduits de cette façon et indiquent les références textuelles qui y sont associées. Ils sont un excellent outil pour ceux qui ne sont pas familiers aux langues bibliques originales.

5) Les atlas bibliques. Un atlas biblique associe des endroits à des événements historiques et fournit des informations sur la culture, le climat, etc.

6) Les dictionnaires bibliques ou encyclopédies bibliques. Ces ouvrages de référence donnent des articles courts sur des sujets bibliques (lieux, personnes, coutumes, etc.). Les encyclopédies bibliques contiennent également de longs articles sur divers sujets. Ces ressources vous permettent de bénéficier des fruits de la recherche scientifique sous une forme condensée.

7) Les commentaires bibliques. Avant d'utiliser les commentaires, essayer de découvrir par vous-même le thème et l’idée maitresse du passage en étudiant personnellement le texte. Ensuite, sélectionnez au moins quatre ou cinq bons commentaires sur le texte. En lisant ces commentaires, procédez comme suit:

  • Notez les suggestions exégétiques - par exemple les traductions difficiles ou discutables, les mots, phrases ou expressions inconnus.
  • Notez les suggestions herméneutiques - par exemple ce que l'auteur voulait signifier et ce que cela signifie aujourd'hui.
  • Notez les suggestions homilétique - par exemple la structure du texte et son application à un public contemporain.
  • Notez les suggestions d'introduction - par exemple les questions historiques, culturelles ou textuelles.
  • Notez les suggestions théologiques - par exemple les questions doctrinales difficiles ou discutables, les sujets complexes, etc.

Attention à ne pas vous laisser distraire par des commentaires qui traitent de questions qui n’ont rien à voir avec votre sermon. Rappelez-vous, ces livres sont des commentaires ; or un sermon n’est pas un commentaire. C’est un message de la part de Dieu pour son peuple en ce moment précis, lequel message est enraciné dans le texte de sa Parole.

L’idée maitresse de votre message doit être déterminée, si possible, avant de consulter les commentaires. Les commentaires devraient être utilisés principalement pour clarifier les questions d'interprétation. Ne tirez pas votre message des commentaires – ce n’est pas à cela qu'ils sont destinés. Ils couvrent un large éventail de questions – interprétation, textuelle, contextuelle, canon, etc. Ils ne sont pas destinés à des sermons spécifiques. Ils peuvent facilement vous mener vers des sujets que vous aimez, mais qui ne sont pas pertinents pour votre message.

Je recommande que vous utilisiez les commentaires comme des aides pour enrichir le message que Dieu vous a donné lors de votre étude originale du texte biblique. Les commentaires devraient être utilisés pour: (1) aider votre compréhension du passage; (2) avoir une «deuxième opinion» sur votre interprétation du texte (c’est à dire pour vous préserver de dire quelque chose de stupide ou faux); (3) résoudre des passages difficiles à interpréter.

Assurez-vous de toujours utiliser plusieurs commentaires afin de vous assurer que vous êtes en terrain sûr. Un seul commentaire ne peut vous donner toute l’interprétation juste ou donner toutes les possibilités. Le grand avantage de commentaires, c’est qu'ils contiennent généralement les résultats de plusieurs années de recherches scientifiques, des recherches que vous n’aurez pas le temps de faire pour chaque sermon. De toute évidence, nous voulons bien bénéficier du fruit de ces recherches ; c’est légitime de le désirer.

Ma préoccupation c’est simplement que vous étudiez le texte et que vous découvriez le message dans le texte d'abord par vous-même. Si toutefois le texte est d'une complexité telle que vous ne pouvez pas imaginer de quoi il s’agit, ou sa structure, ou l'interconnexion entre les idées exprimées, ou sa signification, etc. alors vous pouvez avoir besoin de consulter les commentaires plus tôt dans le processus de préparation.

8) Les manuels de théologie systématique. Ils vous permettent d'étudier la présentation organisée de la doctrine biblique par les chercheurs, quoique chacun d’eux puisse avoir son parti pris doctrinal.

9) Les logiciels d’étude de la Bible. Les logiciels bibliques sont en train de rendre redondant certaines des ressources traditionnelles puisque ces logiciels contiennent une grande partie de l'information qu’il vous aurait fallu consulter plusieurs sources pour obtenir. Beaucoup de ces logiciels incluent également des livres auxquels vous pouvez accéder à un cout supplémentaire.

10) Les sites internet chrétiens. Beaucoup de sites chrétiens contiennent maintenant des ressources très utiles pour la prédication – par exemple les illustrations. Un de ces sites c’est, bien sûr, celui qui publie la présente Revue Internet des Pasteurs (https://bible.org/net-pastors-journal).

Conclusions. Ces dix outils vous donneront suffisamment de matière pour vous aider dans une étude approfondie des passages bibliques. En plus de ces outils, il vous faudra faire usage de plusieurs traductions fiables de la Bible pour voir diverses manières dont les traducteurs ont rendu le texte.

Partie III: Leadership - Être Un Modele Selon Le Coeur De Dieu

«L’abandon de votre personne à l'Esprit Saint» Pt. 5

Dans les quatre derniers numéros de la présente Revue Internet des Pasteurs (Printemps, Eté, Automne 2014, et Hiver 2015), nous avons étudié le sujet de l’abandon de votre personne, en tant que leader, à l'Esprit Saint sur la base de l'enseignement dans Ephésiens 5:18-6:20. Nous avons examiné le sens de la plénitude de l'Esprit, la nécessité de la plénitude de l'Esprit, la réalité de la plénitude de l'Esprit, et nous développons à présent le point concernant l'activité de la plénitude de l'Esprit.

L’abandon de soi à l'Esprit affecte tous les aspects de notre activité quotidienne: (1) l'unité dans l'église (5:19-21), (2) l'harmonie dans les foyers (5:22-6: 4), (3) la coopération dans le lieu de travail (6:5-9), et (4) la victoire dans le monde (6:10-20).

L’harmonie suscitée par la plénitude de l'Esprit dans le foyer implique l'harmonie entre maris et femmes et l'harmonie entre enfants et parents. Dans la dernière édition, nous avons terminé la section sur l'harmonie suscitée par la plénitude de l'Esprit dans le foyer (Eph 5:22-33). Dans le présent numéro, nous allons nous pencher sur l'harmonie entre enfants et parents suscitée par la plénitude de l'Esprit dans le foyer (Ep 6: 1-4.) et la coopération suscitée par la plénitude de l'Esprit dans le lieu de travail (Ep 6: 5-9.).

L'harmonie Entre Enfants Et Parents Suscitée Par La Plénitude De l'Esprit Dans Le Foyer (Eph 6: 1-4).

L’harmonie dans le foyer implique non seulement la relation entre maris et femmes mais aussi entre enfants et parents. À cet égard, l'harmonie dans le foyer vient du fait que les enfants, sous l’action du Saint Esprit, entretiennent correctement de bonnes relations avec leurs parents.

Le comportement approprié attendu des enfants c’est d'obéir à leurs parents. «Enfants, obéissez à vos parents, selon le Seigneur, car cela est juste. Honore ton père et ta mère c’est le premier commandement avec une promesse, afin que tu sois heureux et que tu vives longtemps sur la terre» (6:1-3). Obéir c’est vous mettre littéralement sous les paroles et l'autorité de vos parents. C’est un autre aspect de la soumission mutuelle (Eph 5:21.) - La soumission volontaire des enfants aux parents. Leur obéissance est motivée par le fait quils sont dans le Seigneur – c’est cela la vie de disciple du Christ. Les enfants montrent leur soumission au Seigneur en se soumettant à l'autorité de leurs parents. Les enfants obéissent à leurs parents parce qu'ils sont dans le Seigneur et parce qu’il sied de le faire. C’est ce que Dieu ordonne et attend.

La bonne attitude des enfants c’est également d’honorer leurs parents. Si l'obéissance est un acte ou un comportement juste, alors l'honneur est une bonne attitude. Deux points importants ici proviennent du 5ème commandement:

1. La clé de toutes les relations humaines c’est la relation avec vos parents - honore ton père et ta mère. Honorez-les pour ce qu'ils sont.

2. C’est le premier commandement comportant une promesse - afin que tu sois heureux et que tu vives longtemps sur la terre. Selon la loi juive, il y avait des récompenses lorsqu’on garde certaines lois. La récompense en gardant cette loi était la prospérité et la longévité. Les chrétiens ne sont pas sous la loi et nous n’avons certainement pas de promesse concernant la prospérité et la longévité. Alors pourquoi cette promesse est ici?

a) Parce qu'il renforce la signification et l'importance du commandement – c'est-à-dire que si c’était si important dans l'Ancien Testament, ca devrait être important pour nous aussi.

b) Parce que l'honneur de vos parents comporte certaines récompenses – non pas la prospérité matérielle ou la longévité, mais la prospérité spirituelle, la prospérité relationnelle (relations harmonieuses dans votre famille), de bonnes attitudes vis-à-vis de l'autorité, etc.

Deuxièmement, l'harmonie dans le foyer vient du fait que des pères remplis de l'Esprit élèvent leurs enfants de manière responsable.

Exprimé à la forme négative, on dirait, ne les mettez pas en colère. «Et vous, pères, n’irritez pas vos enfants» (6:4a). N’abusez pas de votre pouvoir et autorité. Ne soyez pas comme les pères dans la culture gréco-romaine qui pouvait vendre leurs enfants comme esclaves, ou même les tuer. Les pères sont les plus susceptibles de pousser leurs enfants à la colère, à produire chez leurs enfants une exaspération et un profond ressentiment qui éclate sous forme de rébellion.

Quel genre de traitement envers les enfants peut produire ce genre de réaction? Le favoritisme, la critique (qui conduit au découragement), s’attendre à ce qu'ils soient adultes plutôt que de les laisser être des enfants, et l’agression physique et verbale.

Exprimé à la forme affirmative, on dirait, les former correctement. «élevez-les en les corrigeant et en les instruisant selon le Seigneur» (6:4b). C’est la responsabilité d'un père de discipliner ses enfants. La discipline signifie ce qui est fait envers et pour un enfant. Les former à être disciplinés, qu’ils aient la maitrise de soi, qu’ils soient ordonnés, corrects. Et lorsque c’est nécessaire, la discipline comprend la punition.

C’est la responsabilité d'un père d'instruire ses enfants. Cela se rapporte à ce qui est dit à l’enfant - ce qu’on lui enseigne verbalement. Cela comprend la correction et les ordres donnés verbalement - les avertissant des choses qui sont mauvaises sans brutaliser leurs esprits ; les conseillant à partir de votre propre expérience sans les dominer; les instruisant sans être un fardeau; les encourageant, les réprouvant, leur faisant des remontrances, sans les contrarier tout le temps.

C’est cela la discipline et l'instruction du Seigneur. C’est l'esprit dans lequel cela doit se faire. C’est une formation chrétienne par l'instruction et l'exemple.

Si vous n’avez pas l'harmonie dans votre foyer, comment pouvez-vous assurer un leadership unificateur dans l'église? Votre foyer est le reflet de qui vous êtes vraiment, et s’il n’y règne pas des relations affectueuses, respectueuses et de soutien mutuel, alors vous êtes disqualifié du leadership dans l'église.

Voici ce qu’on pouvait dire de l'harmonie suscitée par la plénitude de l'Esprit dans le foyer. Examinons maintenant ...

La Coopération Suscitée Par La Plénitude De l’Esprit Dans Le Lieu De Travail (Eph 6: 5-9.)

Au 1er siècle la relation entre maîtres et serviteurs existait dans la maison ainsi que dans le lieu de travail. En fait, on pourrait faire valoir que la maison était le lieu de travail pour de nombreux serviteurs. En effet, le travail et le commerce étaient probablement réalisés dans les domiciles. Mais pour nous la maison et le lieu de travail sont tout à fait distincts.

Nous ne devons pas être distraits par l’idée de prendre des esclaves à l’image des esclaves dans le sud des États-Unis au cours du siècle dernier. Beaucoup d'esclaves dans la culture gréco-romaine avaient de bons emplois et étaient bien traités. Certains esclaves étaient en fait des professionnels comme par exemple des médecins.

Pour les fins de cette étude, je regarde ce passage du point de vue de la relation de travail plutôt que la relation dans un domicile. Cette relation de travail pour un chrétien doit être caractérisée par le respect mutuel, la coopération, travaillant ensemble, une attitude spirituelle des employés chrétiens vis-à-vis de leurs employeurs et des employeurs chrétiens vis-à-vis de leurs employés.

Premièrement, la coopération dans le lieu de travail vient de serviteurs remplis de l'Esprit obéissant à leurs maîtres sincèrement (6: 5-8). «Serviteurs, obéissez à vos maîtres selon la chair Serviteurs, obéissez à vos maîtres selon la chair» (5a). Cela n’est pas conditionné par le fait qu’ils reçoivent un traitement juste de la part de leur employeur. Au contraire, l'employé chrétien doit continuer à être obéissant quelque soit la situation (1Pierre 2:18).

L’obéissance chrétienne est manifestée dans votre attitude. C’est une attitude de respect - avec crainte et tremblement (5b). Cela ne veut pas dire de se recroqueviller comme un chiot apeuré. Cela sous entend l'honneur et l'estime, parce que vous reconnaissez que la source de leur autorité c’est Dieu. C’est une attitude de sincéritéde simplicité de cœur (5c). Vous êtes sans partage dans votre fidélité - ni hypocrisie, sans arrière-pensées, mais une intégrité sans faille. C’est une attitude de service chrétien - comme vous obéissez Christ (5c). C’est la perspective qui rend cette obéissance possible. C’est la motivation fondamentale de l'obéissance chrétienne.

Cette attitude peut rendre votre témoignage très crédible et puissant. Si votre éthique de travail est différente des autres (dans la façon dont vous parlez, pensez, réagissez, …), vous aurez un témoignage puissant. Mais si vous arrivez toujours au travail en retard et partez tôt, faisant un travail de mauvaise qualité, prenant de longues pauses, etc., alors votre témoignage ne sera pas crédible.

Notez également que l’obéissance chrétienne est manifestée dans votre diligence (6-8). Un chrétien diligent ne travaille pas pour impressionner les autres - «...non pas seulement sous leurs yeux, comme pour plaire aux hommes» (6a). Un chrétien diligent n’est pas quelqu’un qui essaie de gagner la faveur du patron. Ne travaillez pas dur seulement quand le patron regarde. Ne faites pas du bon travail juste pour faire une bonne impression.

Mais plutôt, un chrétien diligent travaille pour le Seigneur: «...mais comme des serviteurs de Christ» (6b). Un serviteur du Christ fait «de bon cœur la volonté de Dieu.» (6c). Vous n'êtes pas juste en train de travailler, mais vous êtes absorbé à faire la volonté de Dieu de tout votre cœur. Faire la volonté de Dieu fait partie de votre vie quotidienne. La volonté de Dieu est générée intérieurement dans votre cœur et est exprimée à l'extérieur dans votre attitude, votre diligence, votre engagement total. C’est ce qui contraste avec ceux qui servent du bout des lèvres sans convictions intimes sur la façon dont ils font leur travail. Un serviteur du Christ sert avec enthousiasme comme servant le Seigneur et non des hommes (7). Celui qui fait la volonté de Dieu fait aussi l’œuvre de Dieu. Votre enthousiasme provient d'une nouvelle perspective – vous ne vous voyez pas comme un esclave des hommes, mais comme celui du Christ.

En outre, un chrétien diligent travaille en vue de la récompense de Dieu - «...sachant que chacun, soit esclave, soit libre, recevra du Seigneur selon ce qu’il aura fait de bien.» (8). Vous travaillez avec diligence parce que vous savez que le Seigneur, et non votre patron, est votre juge final. C’est cette perspective eschatologique qui fait toute la différence - vous savez que lorsque vous faites la volonté de Dieu pour la gloire de Dieu, Dieu prend note.

Deuxièmement, la coopération dans le lieu de travail vient du fait que des maîtres remplis de l'Esprit respectent leurs serviteurs de façon impartiale (6: 9). Les maîtres chrétiens doivent démontrer trois principes.

Le premier principe c’est: Faites aux autres ce que vous voudriez qu'ils fassent pour vous - «Et vous, maîtres, agissez de même à leur égard» (9a). Traitez vos employés de la manière dont vous voulez qu'ils vous traitent. L’atmosphère dans une organisation provient du sommet. Si vous voulez qu'ils montrent une bonne attitude envers vous, alors montrez le leur. Si vous voulez qu'ils soient obéissants à vous, alors manifestez vous-même un esprit de soumission et d’obéissance. Si vous voulez qu'ils soient consciencieux et loyaux envers vous, alors assurez-vous que vous les traitez avec honnêteté et droiture. Si vous voulez qu'ils travaillent avec diligence pour vous, alors soyez diligents à leur offrir de bonnes conditions de travail et de rémunération. Si vous voulez qu'ils travaillent avec enthousiasme, alors donnez leur quelque chose au sujet duquel être enthousiaste. N’ayez pas une haute opinion de vous-même parce que vous êtes le patron. Faites pour vos employés ce que vous attendez d'eux.

Le deuxième principe c’est: N’abusez pas de votre pouvoir« abstenez-vous de menaces» (9b). N’utilisez pas des menaces pour obtenir ce que vous voulez. N’utilisez pas votre position d'autorité illégalement. Ne les provoquez pas comme certains pères font de leurs enfants.

Le troisième principe c’est: Rappelez-vous, vous aussi vous devez des comptes - sachant que leur maître et le vôtre est dans les cieux» (9c). Vous aussi vous avez un maître - le Maître suprême dans le ciel. Il détient le pouvoir suprême. Sa décision est sans appel. Vous êtes responsable devant lui. Donc, dans ce sens, vous êtes avec votre employé, un co-serviteur de Jésus-Christ - l'employé et l'employeur chrétiens sont tous deux responsables devant le même Maître. Vous n'êtes pas plus important que lui car « devant Lui (Dieu) il n’y a point d’acception de personnes» (9d). Votre Maître céleste n’est pas influencé par votre position, votre rang, ou votre pouvoir. Donc, ne vous séduisez pas en pensant d’une manière ou d’une autre qu’il vous fera faveur.

Partie IV: Plans De Predication

Le Dialogue De Jésus Avec Marie-Madeleine

Pour la version audio anglaise de ces sermons, cliquez sur ces liens: Link 1 - Jean 20:1-2; Link 2 - Jean 20:3-10; Link 3 - Jean 20:11-18

Titre: Le choc et la réalité de la résurrection- Partie 1,2,3

Point n°1: Le tombeau vide change des observateurs en croyants (1-10)

1. Le tombeau vide change des observateurs en croyants

a) À la croix, certains étaient observateurs (Luc 23: 55-56.)

b) Au tombeau vide, d’autres étaient des suiveurs (1-2)

2. Le tombeau vide tourne des suiveurs en disciples (3-10)

a) Pour certains, le tombeau vide les laisse sceptiques (6-7)

b) Pour d’autres, le tombeau vide les inspire à croire (5, 8-9)

Point n°2: Le Christ ressuscité transforme la tristesse en joie (11-18)

1. L'ignorance de la résurrection produit la tristesse (11-13)

a) Elle produit la tristesse malgré les preuves (11)

b) Elle produit la tristesse, malgré le témoignage (12-13)

2. La connaissance de la résurrection produit la joie (14-18)

a) Elle produit la joie lorsqu’on Le reconnait (14-16)

b) Elle produit la joie lorsqu’on Lui obéi (17-18)


[1] Olford, La prédication par exposition sous onction (Broadman & Holman), 233.

[2] Philips Brooks, La Joie de Précher (Kregel, 1989), 25ff

[3] Olford, La Prédication par Exposition sous Onction, 233.

Related Topics: Pastors

9. Para Um Momento Como Este – A História De Assuero E Ester

Related Media

Há situações em nossa vida que nem sempre são do nosso agrado: lugares onde temos de morar, pessoas com quem temos de conviver ou problemas que temos de enfrentar. E nem sempre isso ocorre por nossa culpa. Muitas vezes somos vítimas das circunstâncias ou, então, tomamos decisões que achávamos acertadas, mas que acabaram não saindo como esperávamos. Algumas pessoas sentem isso com relação ao seu casamento – a mulher, por exemplo, achava que o homem com quem se casou fosse crente. Mais tarde, ela descobriu ter sido enganada. As atitudes dele constantemente refletiam sua falta de interesse pelas coisas do Senhor, causando a ela uma angústia interminável. Há uma história na Palavra de Deus que deve encorajar as pessoas em tais circunstâncias.

O homem da casa não era outro senão o rei do maior império de seus dias. Os judeus o chamavam de Assuero, a forma hebraica de seu nome persa. A história secular o conhece por seu nome grego, rei Xerxes I, o qual governou a Pérsia de 486 a 465 aC. Seu poderoso império se estendia da Índia até a Etiópia (Ester 1:1). No entanto, isso não era suficiente para ele. Sua verdadeira paixão era fazer o que seu pai, Dario I, não tinha conseguido –conquistar a Grécia.

A Palavra de Deus nos diz que “no terceiro ano de seu reinado, deu um banquete a todos os seus príncipes e seus servos, no qual se representou o escol da Pérsia e Média, e os nobres e príncipes das províncias estavam perante ele. Então, mostrou as riquezas da glória do seu reino e o esplendor da sua excelente grandeza, por muitos dias, por cento e oitenta dias” (Ester 1:3-4). Uma conferência desse nível, com duração de seis meses, tinha de ser muito mais que apenas uma grande festa. Provavelmente, era parte da estratégia de Xerxes para a futura invasão à Grécia. A história secular diz que ele deu início à invasão logo após essa esplêndida convocação, em 481 aC.

Para encerrar a conferência, no entanto, ele planejou uma semana de festas e comemorações (Ester 1:5). Quando já estava meio embriagado pelo vinho, ele chamou sua bela rainha, Vasti, para exibi-la diante de seus amigos (Ester 1:11). Ela se recusou a servir de espetáculo público e Assuero ficou enfurecido. Aconselhado por seus sábios, ele decidiu depor a rainha por meio de edito real – a lei dos medos e dos persas que não podia ser revogada, nem mesmo pelo próprio rei (Ester 1:19). Foi uma decisão precipitada que ele viria a lamentar, mas Assuero era conhecido por ser impulsivo e cabeça dura.

Além disso, ele tinha coisas mais importantes a fazer do que se preocupar com seu harém. Ele estava prestes a conquistar a Grécia. Seus exércitos eram superiores e o momento da história estava a seu favor. No entanto, numa sucessão de batalhas famosas, familiares aos estudantes de história antiga (Termópilas, Salamina e Plateia), seu poderio militar foi finalmente quebrado, e ele voltou à capital Susã como um homem derrotado. Como ele deve ter desejado o consolo e a companhia de sua rainha deposta para minimizar sua vergonha e massagear seu ego ferido! “Passadas estas coisas, e apaziguado já o furor do rei Assuero, lembrou-se de Vasti, e do que ela fizera, e do que se tinha decretado contra ela” (Ester 2:1). Mas era tarde demais. Seu decreto era irreversível.

Foi aí que seus auxiliares sugeriram a realização de um concurso de beleza em toda a Pérsia para encontrar uma rainha para o rei Assuero. “Então, disseram os jovens do rei, que lhe serviam: Tragam-se moças para o rei, virgens de boa aparência e formosura. Ponha o rei comissários em todas as províncias do seu reino, que reúnam todas as moças virgens, de boa aparência e formosura, na cidadela de Susã, na casa das mulheres, sob as vistas de Hegai, eunuco do rei, guarda das mulheres, e dêem-se-lhes os seus unguentos. A moça que cair no agrado do rei, essa reine em lugar de Vasti” (Ester 2:2-4). A coisa toda soou meio divertida ao rei, por isso, ele deu sua permissão e a busca teve início. Um concurso de beleza não é uma maneira ruim de encontrar uma esposa, se o objetivo for somente a aparência. Contudo, nosso Deus soberano ia dar a Assuero muito mais que boa aparência, quisesse ele ou não. Deus já tinha uma esposa escolhida a dedo para esse rei pagão. Embora o nome de Deus não seja mencionado em qualquer parte do livro, Sua mão providencial é claramente visível, governando e dominando as questões dos homens.

Sem que Assuero tivesse a mínima ideia, a próxima rainha da Pérsia seria uma jovem judia. Provavelmente ela preferia estar em Jerusalém com seus compatriotas, mas, por alguma razão, seus pais não quiseram voltar quando o rei Ciro deu sua permissão, cinquenta anos antes. No cativeiro, os judeus tinham permissão para se estabelecer, abrir negócios e viver normalmente, e somente 50.000 deles voltaram a Israel quando tiveram oportunidade.

Os pais desta jovem estavam mortos e seu primo mais velho, Mordecai, tinha se encarregado de educá-la. A Escritura diz: “Ele criara a Hadassa, que é Ester, filha de seu tio, a qual não tinha pai nem mãe; e era jovem bela, de boa aparência e formosura. Tendo-lhe morrido o pai e a mãe, Mordecai a tomara por filha” (Ester 2:7). Ela era uma mulher adorável, e não teve como escapar das garras dos servos do rei que vasculhavam o país à procura de mulheres bonitas. “Em se divulgando, pois, o mandado do rei e a sua lei, ao serem ajuntadas muitas moças na cidadela de Susã, sob as vistas de Hegai, levaram também Ester à casa do rei, sob os cuidados de Hegai, guarda das mulheres” (Ester 2:8).

Todos os dias Mordecai ia ver como ela estava, já que ele era um dos porteiros do palácio. Ele a instruiu para não dizer sua nacionalidade a ninguém, provavelmente para resguardá-la do tratamento cruel dirigido contra os judeus, presente na maioria dos países onde tinham estado ao longo da história, e ela o obedeceu respeitosamente. E, assim, quando chegou sua vez de ser levada à presença do rei, ela não pediu algo especial para tentar impressioná-lo, como fizeram as outras garotas. Sua beleza natural e seu espírito adorável foram suficientes para conquistar o coração do rei. “O rei amou a Ester mais do que a todas as mulheres, e ela alcançou perante ele favor e benevolência mais do que todas as virgens; o rei pôs-lhe na cabeça a coroa real e a fez rainha em lugar de Vasti” (Ester 2:17).

A Escritura não diz que Ester quisesse se casar com Assuero. A oferta era lisonjeira, mas ela devia saber que ele não seria um marido ideal, principalmente depois do que tinha acontecido com Vasti. No entanto, como dizer “não” a um monarca tirânico, sem perder a cabeça? E foi assim que essa simples jovem judia veio a ser tornar a rainha do império persa. Foi a ascensão à realeza mais rápida da história.

A cronologia do livro indica que cerca de cinco anos mais tarde uma bomba estourou sobre o povo de Deus. O pivô da tragédia deve ter sido o herói de Hitler no Antigo Testamento. Ele era um amalequita cruel e antissemita chamado Hamã, evidentemente um descendente de Agague, rei dos amalequitas, a quem Saul tinha mantido vivo em desobediência ao mandamento do Senhor (1 Samuel 15:8-9). Quando Assuero o tornou primeiro-ministro, todos no palácio se inclinaram perante ele, menos Mordecai. Hamã prometeu não só punir Mordecai, mas também exterminar todos os judeus do império persa, o que, consequentemente, incluía quem estava no território de Israel, pois este fazia parte do império. Hamã conseguiu fazer Assuero concordar com seu plano e o acordo foi selado com o anel do rei, a lei irreversível dos medos e dos persas. Essa foi outra decisão precipitada que Assuero viria a lamentar.

“Quando soube Mordecai tudo quanto se havia passado, rasgou as suas vestes, e se cobriu de pano de saco e de cinza, e, saindo pela cidade, clamou com grande e amargo clamor; e chegou até à porta do rei; porque ninguém vestido de pano de saco podia entrar pelas portas do rei. Em todas as províncias aonde chegava a palavra do rei e a sua lei, havia entre os judeus grande luto, com jejum, e choro, e lamentação; e muitos se deitavam em pano de saco e em cinza” (Ester 4:1-3).

Por mais estranho que pareça, não há menção específica à oração neste livro, nem ao nome de Deus, mas você pode ter certeza de que esses judeus estavam orando. Há menção ao jejum e, quando isso ocorre na Escritura, geralmente é associado à oração. Além disso, o lamento provavelmente indicava um clamor desesperado a Deus. Esses judeus estavam longe da pátria por vontade própria, estavam fora do lugar da bênção, separados do lugar de adoração, e talvez, por isso, nem o nome de Deus nem a oração sejam mencionados diretamente. Mas eles estavam orando, e Deus estava cuidando deles, administrando as circunstâncias para glorificar o Seu próprio Nome. E Ele faz a mesma coisa por nós, mesmo quando não estamos conscientes disso.

Estamos prestes a descobrir que há um propósito para as designações de Deus. Isso é revelado na troca de informações entre Ester e Mordecai. Ela enviou um dos camareiros do rei para descobrir por que Mordecai estava pesaroso. Em resposta, ele mandou uma mensagem explicando o plano diabólico, que ela não sabia, pedindo-lhe para interceder junto ao rei. Ela respondeu depressa, relembrando-o de que ninguém podia entrar na presença do rei sem ser chamado, a menos que estivesse cansado de viver, e que há um mês o rei não a chamava. Havia apenas uma pequena possibilidade de ela entrar – se o rei a visse e estendesse seu centro de ouro .

Mordecai provavelmente sentia falta das bênçãos de Deus por não ter retornado a Israel, mas seu discernimento espiritual tinha aumentado desde então. Ele estava começando a compreender um pouco da graça soberana de Deus e da providência divina. Ele mandou responder a Ester: “Não imagines que, por estares na casa do rei, só tu escaparás entre todos os judeus. Porque, se de todo te calares agora, de outra parte se levantará para os judeus socorro e livramento, mas tu e a casa de teu pai perecereis; e quem sabe se para conjuntura como esta é que foste elevada a rainha?” (Ester 4:13-14). Ester não estava mais segura do que qualquer outro judeu. Quando soubessem que ela era judia, sua vida também estaria em perigo. No entanto, Mordecai estava convencido de que Deus ia cuidar do Seu povo, Israel. Eles podiam estar distante dEle, mas Ele não podia deixá-los perecer, pois isso seria contrário às Suas promessas. Se Deus não usasse Ester para livrá-los, Ele usaria algum outro meio. Deus é um Deus soberano.

Veja, Mordecai tinha compreendido o fato de que Deus permitiu a eles ficarem na Pérsia e talvez agora estivesse prestes a transformar a decisão deles em glória para Si mesmo e libertação para o povo judeu. “Quem sabe se não foi para um momento como este que você chegou à posição de rainha? (NVI)”. Que ilustração notável da grandeza do nosso Deus. Ele não só pode cuidar das circunstâncias da nossa vida que estão além do nosso controle, como também pode cuidar das decisões erradas que tomamos, e até dos pecados que cometemos, e usá-los para o bem. Diz o salmista: “Pois até a ira humana há de louvar-te” (Salmo 76:10).  Se Deus pode fazer a ira humana louvá-lO, quanto mais nossos pecados e nossas fraquezas.

Obviamente, isso não significa que podemos viver indiferentes à vontade de Deus e esperar que Ele dê um jeito na bagunça feita por nós. Há uma enorme carga de infelicidade e tristeza no caminho, como muitos cristãos podem testemunhar. As consequências do pecado deliberado podem ser insuportáveis. Significa, no entanto que, quando colocamos nossa vida nas mãos de Cristo e nos entregamos a Ele sem reservas, podemos ter certeza de que Ele tem um grande plano para nós daí por diante. Ele pode usar qualquer coisa que tenha nos acontecido no passado e qualquer circunstância do presente para ajudar a realizar esse plano.

Deus tem um propósito para você, exatamente agora, exatamente onde você está, não importa quem você seja, onde more, com que seja casado, o que tenha vivido no passado ou o que tenha de enfrentar no futuro. Na verdade, Ele permitiu que você chegasse até aqui para um propósito definido, “para um momento como este”. Ele tem algo específico para você realizar na presente situação e quer que você procure as oportunidades para isso na sua esfera atual de influência.

Veja, os crentes são parte do grande programa de Deus na terra; eles devem viver com fé, como pessoas destinadas a um propósito. Deus não nos quer lamentando a nossa situação, procurando uma saída. Ele será honrado quando invocarmos a Sua graça para sermos aquilo que Ele quer que sejamos e façamos aquilo que Ele quer que façamos na atual circunstância. Precisamos aproveitar as oportunidades que Ele nos dá aqui e agora. Talvez, mais tarde, Ele abra oportunidades mais amplas se for esse o Seu propósito, mas isto está em Suas mãos. Nossa responsabilidade é deixá-lO nos usar onde estivermos.

Ester reagiu de forma positiva ao sábio conselho de Mordecai. Ela enviou uma mensagem, dizendo: “Vai, ajunta a todos os judeus que se acharem em Susã, e jejuai por mim, e não comais, nem bebais por três dias, nem de noite nem de dia; eu e as minhas servas também jejuaremos. Depois, irei ter com o rei, ainda que é contra a lei; se perecer, pereci” (Ester 4:16). A menção ao jejum mostra sua confiança no poder da oração, especialmente em comunhão com outros crentes. Quando estamos enfrentando situações difíceis, talvez seja bom pedir oração a outros cristãos. Não precisamos lavar nossa roupa suja, depreciar nosso cônjuge ou fazer fofoca de quem está envolvido no problema. Tudo o que precisamos é admitir que temos uma necessidade e pedir aos nossos amigos que orem por nós.

Sob a proteção do manto da oração, o passo seguinte é dispor nosso coração a fazer a vontade de Deus em tal situação, custe o que custar. “Irei ter com o rei”, disse Ester, “se perecer, pereci”. Deus pode querer que realizemos alguma tarefa desagradável. Talvez isso envolva o confronto com alguém a quem preferimos evitar, ou admitir alguma coisa que tentamos esconder, como aconteceu com Ester. No entanto, se sabemos que essa é a vontade de Deus, precisamos fazer. E Deus honrará nossa atitude. Ele fez assim com Ester.

Deus operou de forma maravilhosa. Na verdade, Ele realizou um milagre para nos servir de incentivo. Em primeiro lugar, Ele dispôs o coração do rei para estender o cetro de ouro, e Ester se aproximou do trono. Ela falou de modo comedido ao invés de fazer exigências egoístas ou acusações furiosas. E, em vez de despejar o problema de uma vez, ela convidou Assuero e Hamã para jantar naquela noite. No jantar, mais uma vez ela ignorou o assunto, convidando-os novamente para jantar na noite seguinte. Não é que ela estivesse tentando amaciá-los ou manipulá-los. Ela estava usando o bom senso, e muitos maridos e esposas deveriam aprender com ela sobre como e quando falar. Graça e tato são palavras-chave na nossa abordagem.

Deus opera de maneiras estranhas. Na noite entre os banquetes, Assuero não conseguiu dormir. Ele pediu que lhe trouxessem o livro de registros do seu reino e o lessem para ele. Provavelmente isso o fazia dormir quando nada mais funcionava. No registro constava a história de um plano de assassinato contra ele, o qual fora descoberto e revelado por Mordecai, pelo que ele nunca fora recompensado (Ester 6:1-3). Esse pequeno episódio incrível preparou o caminho para os acontecimentos do dia seguinte.

Primeiro, Hamã foi obrigado a honrar Mordecai por seu patriotismo. Depois, veio o segundo banquete de Ester. Enquanto festejavam, o rei disse a ela: “Qual é a tua petição, rainha Ester? E se te dará. Que desejas? Cumprir-se-á ainda que seja metade do reino”. A resposta dela foi brilhante: “Se perante ti, ó rei, achei favor, e se bem parecer ao rei, dê-se-me por minha petição a minha vida, e, pelo meu desejo, a vida do meu povo. Porque fomos vendidos, eu e o meu povo, para nos destruírem, matarem e aniquilarem de vez; se ainda como servos e como servas nos tivessem vendido, calar-me-ia, porque o inimigo não merece que eu moleste o rei”.  O rei ficou chocado. “Quem é esse e onde está esse cujo coração o instigou a fazer assim?” E, para horror de Hamã, Ester apontou para ele (Ester 7:1-6).

As consequências do banquete foram espantosas. Hamã foi enforcado na forca que tinha preparado para Mordecai e Mordecai foi promovido a primeiro ministro da Pérsia. E, embora a ordem contra os judeus não pudesse ser anulada, eles tiveram permissão para se defender contra seus adversários. Mais de 75.000 inimigos declarados foram mortos e o povo de Deus foi libertado. Foi realmente um milagre! Mas Deus ama realizar milagres para quem se vê como parte do Seu plano, que vê as circunstâncias como parte dos Seus desígnios e vive para fazer a Sua vontade seja onde for.

Contudo, há mais uma coisa que precisamos observar nesta narrativa, a qual é um memorial para todas as épocas. Tanto Mordecai quanto Ester ficaram tão agradecidos a Deus pela Sua fidelidade que enviaram cartas aos judeus de todas as províncias da Pérsia instruindo-os a celebrar os dois dias da sua libertação todos os anos. Essa comemoração é chamada de festa do Purim, da palavra Pur, que significa “sorte” ou “dado”. Hamã tinha lançado sortes para determinar o dia em que os judeus deveriam morrer (cf. Ester 3:7, 9:24, 26). Deus transformou esse dia em dia de vitória e eles foram gratos a Deus por Sua libertação. Os judeus celebram a festa do Purim até hoje. É um memorial permanente da fidelidade de Deus.

Deus também opera em nossa vida tão definitiva e decisivamente quanto operou na vida de Ester. As circunstâncias ao nosso redor talvez não sejam como gostaríamos. No entanto, de um jeito ou de outro, podemos ser gratos a Deus por elas. Elas dão a Ele oportunidade de demonstrar Seu amor e cuidado soberanos, e a nós, oportunidade de glorificá-lO. Creiamos que todas as coisas cooperam para o bem e, assim, procuremos servir a Ele em todas as circunstâncias. 

Vamos conversar sobre isso

  1. 1. Por que você acha que Deus colocou o livro de Ester na Bíblia?
  2. 2. Relembre alguns problemas enfrentados por você no passado, os quais agora percebe que Deus planejou para o bem.
  3. 3. Quais circunstâncias presentes na sua vida você gostaria que fossem diferentes? Que oportunidades você teve com elas para glorificar ao Senhor? Como você pode servir ao Senhor em tais circunstâncias?
  4. 4. Como podemos ajudar uns aos outros a passar pelas dificuldades da vida?
  5. 5. O que você aprendeu com o relacionamento de Assuero e Ester que poderá ajudá-lo em seu relacionamento com outras pessoas?

Tradução: Mariza Regina de Souza

Related Topics: Christian Home, Marriage

Day And Night

Related Media

In previous studies we have considered biblical themes associated with the morning or evening.1 Today we shall examine a commonly occurring word pair: day and night. Many word pairs are present in the Scriptures such as: heaven and earth, light and darkness, parent and child, father and son (etc.). Day and night are part of man’s normal experience and as a word pair is very instructive. It is not surprising, then, that not only in popular songs (e.g., “night and day”) but in well-known hymns this pair can be found. Note for example:

Now the day is over, night is drawing nigh,
shadows of the evening steal across the sky.2

For the beauty of each hour
of the day and of the night,
hill and vale, and tree. and flow’r,
sun and moon and stars of light,
Lord of all to Thee we raise
this our hymn of grateful praise.3

Day is dying in the west,
Heaven is touching earth with rest.4

As I have indicated, such is not altogether strange, for the day-night relationship is a common experience and even more importantly, God is the creator of day and night (cf. Gen. 1:1-2-3).

In what follows we shall examine many occurrences of the scriptural use of day and night, with particular attention to the Psalms, before suggesting some practical applications of this important and well-known biblical theme.

God, the Creator of Day and Night

In Psalm 74, the psalmist Asaph points out that God is the One who set in order the features of the earth, including day and night:

You established the cycle of day and night;
you put the sun and moon in place.
You set up all the boundaries of the earth;
you created the cycle of summer and winter. (Psalm 74:16-17)5

As Leupold remarks, “Day and Night which go in continual alteration are wholly under His control. Both are His. So, too, are the luminaries and the sun, the greatest of them.”6

In the familiar 136th Psalm, in which the phrase “For his loyal love endures” occurs after each statement, the psalmist confirms the statement of Asaph saying,

To the one who made the great lights, …
the sun to rule by day, …
the moon to rule by night…. (Psalm 136:7-9)

One of the most familiar of the Psalms that testify to God as the creator of all things begins by saying,

The heavens declare the glory of God;
the sky displays his handiwork.
Day after day it speaks out;
night after night it reveals his greatness. (Ps. 19:1-2)

As Perowne remarks, the psalmist declares, “The magnificence and the order of Creation…” and the glory of God as seen in the heavens as well as in the set order of day and night all testify to the fact that, “these things are not the offspring of Chance; they are not the evolution of some blind spirit enchained within the mass which it vivifies.”7 Perowne’s remarks find corroboration and amplification by Geisler in his explanation of creation ex niliho:

Time is not eternal. The space-time universe was brought into existence. … To say that creation had a beginning is to point out that it came into being out of nothing. First it did not exist, and then it did. It was not and then it was. The cause of that coming to be was God. … God, and utterly nothing else, existed. God created the universe, and then alone did something else exist.8

What a pleasure and joy it is to look at the created heavens and to marvel at its magnificence, its many appearances, and beauty, and to realize that some one of unparalleled power and artistry has created all of this! It is no accident; it is God’s design and reflects his concern for mankind. It is he who controls the pattern of day and night even as the hymn writer puts it:

I sing the mighty power of God that made the mountains rise,
that spread the flowing seas abroad and built the lofty skies.
I sing the wisdom that ordained the sun to rule the day;
the moon shines bright at His command,
and all the stars obey.9

Moreover, day and night help mark the seasons of the year and provide for the needs of man and the animal world (Ps 104:19-23). Thus when the psalmist considers all of these things as well as all that God has created and provided, he cannot help but rejoice:

I will sing to the LORD as long as I live;
I will sing praise to my God as long as I exist!
May my thoughts be pleasing to him!
I will rejoice in the LORD. (Ps. 104:33-34)

As Futato comments,

The psalmist’s will is to “praise my God.” The transcendent Creator King is the immanent “my God” (Ps. 104: 1, 33) who personally made me and personally takes care of me. So, “I will sing to the LORD as long as I live. I will praise my God to my last breath!” (Ps. 104:33).”10

God’s Availability Day or Night

The psalmist David pleads with God to bring an end to the violence he sees all around him:

Confuse them, O LORD!
Frustrate their plans!
For I see violence and conflict in the city.
Day and Night they walk around on its walls,
while wickedness and destruction are in it. (Ps. 55:9-10)

Indeed, it is an evil condition that knows no bounds as it goes on day and night. Even David’s friends appear to be against him (vv. 12-13). “David said that he could have borne the oppression of an enemy or could have hidden from a foe but far worse was the fact that he was betrayed by a close friend.”11 What a painful experience! What a travesty! Yet to David’s credit is the fact that his trust remains in the Lord, who he is certain is well aware of all that is happening:

But you, O God, will bring them down to the deep Pit.
Violent and deceitful people will not live even half a normal lifespan.
But as for me, I trust in you (v. 23).12

In an earlier psalm, a Korahite psalmist expresses his deep longing for the Lord and those fond days when at the time of an annual festival he walked with many others to worship God in his Temple. Now he finds himself cut off from all of this by tormentors who even ridicule and question the nature of his God: “All day long they say to me, ‘Where is your God?’” (Ps 42:3; cf. vv. 9-10). Does God not see his plight? Does God not care? Has he abandoned him? (cf. v.2). Yet despite the psalmist’s present disappointing circumstances, deep within his heart he feels certain that he will again be restored to his former place of service and experience the Lord’s abiding presence (cf. Ps 42:5,11; 43:5).13

In yet another Korahite psalm, the psalmist pours out his heart to God concerning the desperate plight he is experiencing:

O LORD God who delivers me!
By day I cry out and at night I pray before you.
Listen to my prayer!
Pay attention to my cry for help! (Ps. 88:1-2)

The psalmist feels so helpless that he fears that death is near (vv.3-4). Indeed, he feels that he may be a walking dead man. Yet, on a more positive note it may be observed that he does cling to God as he prays for relief. One is reminded of Paul’s testimony as to his many sufferings during his ministry for the Lord (2 Cor. 11:23-33). For example, on three separate occasions he “suffered shipwreck. A night and a day I spent adrift in the open sea”(v. 25). Nevertheless, Paul could testify that like Christ, who suffered crucifixion but “lives because of God’s power.... we also are weak with him, but we live together with him, because of God’s power toward you” (2 Cor. 13:4). As Hughes remarks,

Paul is able to say to the Corinthians, as their apostle by the will of God, that he will live with Christ through the power of God in his approach to them; that is to say, as with the risen Saviour all weakness is laid aside, so he will come to them with the irresistible power and authority of the living Christ.14

In another New Testament account Luke tells of the case of a persistent widow (Luke 18:1-8). The widow stood in need of justice but her repeated pleas went unheeded by the judge. Eventually, however, he grew weary of her persistence and decided to give her justice, even though he was more concerned about his own relief than for her situation (vv. 1-6). With this background in mind, Jesus challenged his disciples to understand that unlike that judge, “Won’t God give justice to his chosen ones who cry out to him day and night? Will he delay long to help them? I tell you, that he will give them justice speedily.” (vv.7-8).

Jesus’ a fortiori argument indicates that God will indeed answer the prayers of his faithful people, even in cases where they need to be vindicated.15 “To the elect it may seem to be a long time before he answers, but afterwards they will realise that it was in fact short.”16 The further point is, then, that in a future day Christ will return in accordance with God’s plan to vindicate the elect. Therefore, he challenges his hearers to be faithful on their part, confident in God as the dispenser of true justice. As Gooding expresses it, “One day God will avenge his elect. Christ stakes his truthfulness on it (18:8). God will intervene: the Son of man will come. Justice will be done.”17

Earlier, in the Psalms, the Psalmist clearly stated that God is aware of all that happens to a person, knows all that he does, and even understands his motives for doing so (Ps. 139:1-6). Moreover, the omniscient and omnipresent God sees him no matter where he is (vv. 7-10). The psalmist thus realizes that it would be impossible to hide from the Lord:

If I were to say, “Certainly the darkness will cover me,
and the light will turn to night all around me,”
even the darkness is not too dark for you to see,
and the night is as bright as day;
darkness and light are the same to you. (vv. 11-12)

Whether day or night, God does see all that comes to pass. As Leupold remarks, “Even the thickest gloom is penetrated by God’s penetrating gaze. Before Him who is light everything is continually light.”18 Applying this to today’s believers, Futato declares, “In Christ I know his presence to be that of a shepherd who guides and supports me wherever I am. I find great peace and comfort knowing that the whole of my life is enveloped by the God who is always with me.”19

To be sure, the Scriptures often tell of problems that plague a person day and night. Thus Mark records the incident of a powerful man who had an unclean spirit who lived among the tombs (Mark 5:1-4). “Each night and every day among the tombs and in the mountains, he would cry out and cut himself with stones” (v. 5). Upon seeing Jesus coming, he bowed at Jesus feet and tried to dissuade him from interfering with his life (vv. 6-8). Because he was clearly severely demon possessed, Jesus commanded the demonic forces to leave the man. And so they did. They were sent into a herd of pigs, which subsequently ran into a lake (i.e., The Sea of Galilee) and were drowned (vv. 8-13). One sure application of this is, whatever or how great the problem or whatever the time, whether day or night, God is aware of the difficulty and is fully capable of rectifying the situation. As Brooks points out,

The destruction of the pigs also had a definite purpose, to dramatically symbolize the ability of Jesus to destroy the demonic in human beings. To say the least, the restoration of the demoniac and the destruction of the demons were more important than the pigs.20

Mark records an event in the preceding account (Mark 4:35-41) that after a day of teaching, that evening Jesus delivered his disciples from a powerful force of nature in the midst of the Sea of Galilee, Although the disciples feared for their lives in that windstorm, “Jesus rebuked the wind and said to the sea, ‘Be Quiet! Calm down!’ Then the wind stopped and it was dead calm” (v. 39). As might be expected the disciples were amazed and overcome with fear in the presence of one who could perform such a miracle. “Jesus’ companions were in the boat were experienced Galilean fisherman, and to them it was not a matter of natural causes but of authority and obedience (v. 41).”21 Jesus is thus master of natural causes and events and can controlthem, whether day of night.

Indeed, the Lord is not only sovereign over all natural forces, but over all matters including our daily lives and is available to help. Thus faithful believers may be encouraged, for as the psalmist David says, “One may experience sorrow during the night but joy arrives in the morning” (Ps. 30:5). Similarly Thomas Fuller once said, “It is always darkest just before the day dawneth.”22 Indeed, the psalmist understood that God would deliver him from his difficulties and so it happened:

Then you turned my lament into dancing;
you removed my sackcloth and covered me with joy.
So now my heart will sing to you and not be silent;
O LORD my God, I will always give thanks to you. (vv. 11-12)

As Ross challenges his readers in commenting on this psalm, “Every deliverance a believer experiences should likewise prompt a full expression of praise.”23

Psalm 121 adds clear testimony to the truth of God’s sovereign oversight and availability. The psalm itself is the second in a series of psalms marked as, “A Song of Ascents” (Pss. 120-34). Such songs were most likely sung during those pilgrimage festival seasons: Passover, First Fruits, and Tabernacles. Apparently, during the journey to Jerusalem the psalmist has been gazing at the hills surrounding his destination. In so doing the question has arisen in his mind as to the source of his help (i.e., his protection and guidance). The answer was clear: Yahweh (the LORD) alone provides his help (vv. 1-2). Yes, not only for himself but for Israel, God’s people, The LORD is the true source of real help. He is the one who gives protection (vv.3-5). Therefore, the psalmist can declare: “The sun will not harm you by day or the moon by night” (v.6).

It is simply true. Whether by day (the sun) or by night (the moon) the Lord’s care is at work guiding and protecting his own from whatever danger might lie ahead:

The LORD will protect you from all harm;
He will protect your life.
The LORD will protect you in all that you do,
now and forever more. (vv. 7-8)

As Futato observes with regard to today’s believers, “As we walk by faith in him, the mountains of life are not barriers to his presence but places where we experience his watchful care until we arrive in the new Jerusalem, where we will enjoy him forever.”24

The mention of God’s protective presence whether day or night is reminiscent of Moses’ report that during Israel’s exodus experience the LORD went before his people in a pillar of cloud by day and a pillar of fire by night, “so that they could travel day or night” (Exod. 13:21). Stuart points out carefully that the pillar going ahead of them,

represented God’s leadership as the moved through unknown territory. … That was the main function of the pillar—a way of allowing the Israelites to look at God so as to be able to follow him without actually seeing him in his very person. The pillar-cloud was a manifestation of Yahweh himself, not merely something he sent to them.25

Thus the Israelites had visible proof that God had not just secured their exodus from Egypt but was yet near them to lead them on to the land of promise. Interestingly, Ezekiel prophesies that in a future day,

As a shepherd looks after his scattered flock when he is with them, so I will look after my sheep. I will rescue them from all the places they were scattered on a day of clouds and darkness. I will bring them out from the nations and gather them from the countries, and I will bring them into their own land. (Ezek. 34:12; NIV)

Along these same lines, the imagery of clouds is associated with Christ’s return for his own “on the clouds of the heavens” (Matt. 24:30) and his angels “will gather his elect from the four winds from one end of heaven to the other” (Matt. 24:31).

Truly God is very near to believers and longs to fellowship with his faithful servants. Perhaps in a far more intimate way than the Israelites at the time of the exodus and those who made the trek to Jerusalem at festival times, the Lord is present and available to help, guide, and protect his own. Accordingly, the psalmist of Psalm 73 could praise the Lord and say confidently, “As for me, God’s presence is all I need” (Ps. 73:28).26

Praising the Lord is rendered well by yet another psalmist who declares:
It is fitting to thank the LORD
and to sing praises to your name, O sovereign One!
It is fitting to proclaim your loyal love in the morning,
and your faithfulness during the night. (Ps. 92:1-2)

The psalmist is pointing out that singing psalms to praise the name of the Lord is quite appropriate for it is he who is sovereign over all the affairs of earth’s history. His very name indicates that he is “Most High”–the one who is eminent and unequaled. The term “name” often stands for all that a person is, his attributes and his character. This term “came to be substituted for God himself (Dan 9:18-19; Amos 2:7; 9:12), became applied to Christ in the NT (e.g., Acts 4:12; 5:4; 3 Jn 7), and was so used by the apostolic fathers.”27 Very commonly “name” is associated with God’s personal name, “Yahweh,” the self existent eternal creator of all, who is also Israel’s personal Lord (cf. Hos. 12:5-6). In our psalm, his absolute sovereignty is being emphasized.

Moreover, this sovereign one is to be praised for his “loyal love” (especially in his loving-kindness and care for his people) and his “faithfulness.” In several translations into English the term rendered in the NET “loyal love” call attention to such other qualities as “loving-kindness,” “steadfast love,” or “unfailing love.” In many ways the older translation “loving-kindness’ remains very appropriate, for he treats his people “kindly, that is” as “kin” on the basis of his covenant with them. In any case, “The acts of God are not to be separated from his nature (‘love,’ ‘faithfulness’; cf. v.2), for his ‘deeds’ express his nature (cf. Ps 89:1).”28 The second term, “faithfulness,” also contains not only an active but a passive force. Not only is the Lord to be praised for his essential integrity but for conduct that corresponds with his divine character.

Because of God’s loving kindness and faithfulness, the psalmist could render praise to the Lord daily, whether morning or night. Delitzsch suggests that,

Loving-kindness is designedly connected with the dawn of the morning, for it is morning light, itself, which breaks through the night (xxx. 6; lix.17), and faithfulness with the nights, for in the perils of the loneliness of the night it is the best companion, and nights of affliction are the “foil of its verification.”29

In this regard although the third century hymn by Bishop Hilary of Poitiers has been titled and regarded as a morning hymn, one particular stanza makes it clear that the resultant praise of God is also to be reflected in the believer’s night time experience:

Sed toto sole clarior, But clearer than the sun may shine,
Lux ipse totus et dies, All light and day in Thee I find,
Interna nostri pectoris To fill my night with glory fine,
Illuminans praecordia: And purify my inner mind.30

May we as believers so begin the day with the Lord, that the sense of our God’s presence in his loving-kindness and faithfulness will continue into and throughout the night hours! May we also realize that the Lord is always available to us. Thus Jeremiah assures us:

When you call out to me and come to me in prayer, I will hear your prayers.
When you seek me in prayer and worship, you will find me available to you.
If you seek me with all your heart and soul,
I will make myself available to you. (Jer. 29:12-14a)

Indeed, the wise believer will seek him often, whatever the hour of day or night.

The Proper use of Day and Night

Similar qualities of loving-kindness and faithfulness are expected of believers in their relations with God and with their fellow man (cf. Gal 5:22). Thus the apostle Paul is remembered as a faithful servant of the Lord who labored day and night for the sake of the gospel. Because of his effort, Paul could write to the church at Thessalonica and commend them for their response to the gospel (cf. Acts 17:4) and their own desire for Christ (cf. 1Thess. 1:9-10). Paul reminded them also of his prior concern for them and how he had labored for them:

With such affection for you we were happy to share with you not only the gospel of God but also our own lives, because you had become dear to us. For you recall, brothers and sisters, our toil and drudgery: by working night and day so as not to impose a burden on any of you, we preached to you the gospel of God (1 Thess. 2:8-9; cf. 2 Thess. 3:7-8).

It was a labor that was reproduced by the Lord’s Holy Spirit in the Thessalonian believers (cf. 1Thess 1:6 with 1Thess. 2:13-15a).

Paul could also share with the Thessalonian believers his continued concern for them and his regular praying for them, as well as his strong desire to see them once more: “For how can we thank God enough for you, for all the joy we feel for you because of you before our God? We pray earnestly night and day to see you in person and make up what may be lacking in your faith!” (Thess. 3:9-10). He went on to encourage them to live faithfully before God and to serve him blamelessly as they await the return of Christ Jesus (1 Thess. 4:13-5:11).

Paul’s words to the Thessalonian believers are exemplary for today’s believers. For God has made us to be ready to serve him faithfully night and day, rather than living selfish lives. Moreover, we must so live as to reflect his standards (cf. 1Thess 4:1-12) as we, too, await the sure hope of our Lord’s return.

Day and Night and the Future

As we have noticed, Paul’s words to the Christian believers at Thessalonica also contained an encouraging message concerning the future. Jesus himself had set such an example by telling his hearers of an amazing sign: “Just as Jonah was in the belly of the huge fish for three days and three nights, so the Son of Man will be in the heart of the earth for three days and three nights” (Matt. 12:40; bold type in NET). Such a sign was to prove to embody a crucial truth -- that of Christ’s resurrection. Not only do the New Testament’s canonical writings and the church itself owe their existence and authority to Christ’s resurrection, but still further, but “These very Scriptures attest several post-Resurrection appearances by the risen Christ. Five distinct instances are documented on the day of the Resurrection itself. He also appeared on five other occasions before his ascension.”31

Thus a message of hope can accompany the theme of day and night. As W.W. How expresses it:

The golden evening brightens in the west;
Soon to faithful warriors cometh rest;
Sweet is the calm of paradise the blest.
Alleluia!
But lo! There breaks a more glorious day;
The saints triumphant arise in bright array;
The King of glory passes on his way.
Alleluia!32

It must also be pointed out that not only in connection with Christ’s resurrection and the message of the gospel in the New Testament, but in several Old Testament texts a hope for the future is found linked with the theme of day and night. For example, Jeremiah conveys God’s declarations that,

The LORD has made a promise to Israel.
He promises it as the one who fixed the sun to give light by day
and the moon to give light by night.
The LORD affirms, “The descendants of Israel
will not cease forever to be a nation in my sight.” (Jer. 31:35, 36)

I, LORD, have made the following promise: “I have made a covenant with the day and with the night that they will always come at their proper times. Only if you people could break that covenant could my covenant with my servant David … ever be broken.” …

“I have made a covenant governing the coming of day and night. I have established the fixed laws governing heaven and earth. Just as surely as I have done this, so surely will I never reject the descendants of Jacob. Nor will I ever refuse to choose one of my servant David’s descendants to rule over the descendants of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. Indeed, I will restore them and show mercy to them.” (Jer. 33:20, 25-26).

The point here is not that the above texts necessarily deal with the eternal future, but nevertheless they do associate a future hope with God, the controller of day and night. Yet there is a distinct note of importance in Jeremiah’s messages: “Just as surely as are fixed by the covenant word of the Lord, so the permanence of a descendant of David on the throne of God’s kingdom is determined (Jer. 33:20-21, 25-26)….Not without reason did Jeremiah connect exile and restoration in Judah closely to the fortunes of the line of David, for it is through this line that the chosen messiah ultimately would come.”33

Isaiah conveyed God’s sure promise of a restored—even revitalized—Israel (Isa. 60:10). So vitally reconstructed will they be that, “Your Gates will remain open at all times; they will not be shut during the day or at night, so that the wealth of the nations may be delivered, with their kings leading the way” (Isa. 60:11). Even more thrilling is the spectacular news that,

The sun will no longer supply light for you by day,
nor will the moon’s brightness shine on you;
the LORD will be your permanent source of light--
the splendor of your God will shine upon you.
Your sun will no longer set,
your moon will not disappear;
The LORD will be your permanent source of light;
your time of sorrow will be over. (Isa. 60:19-20)

As Smith indicates, “The glory of God’s presence will be so bright that the sun and moon will not be needed “again, any longer.” 34 Thus Isaiah looks far beyond Israel’s historic restoration to a time of God’s eschatological settling of earth’s affairs. Moreover, “This assurance to every believer is an encouragement to faithfully persevere each day, but it also provides hope that soon God will come for the righteous people and end the misery that is associated with this sinful world.”35

In many ways, then, Isaiah’s prophecy forms a solid background for the grand final messages of the New Testament book of Revelation and the heaven-sent New Jerusalem:

I saw no temple in the city, because the Lord God—the All-Powerful—and the Lamb are its temple. The city does not need the sun or the moon to shine on it, because the glory of the Lord lights it up, and the lamp is the Lamb. The nations will walk by its light and the kings of the earth will bring their grandeur into it. Its gates will never be closed during the day (and there will be no night there).” (Rev. 21:22-25)

So in that grand eschatological future,

The throne of God and the Lamb will be in the city. His servants will worship him, and they will see his face and his name will be on their foreheads. Night will be no more, and they will not need the light of a lamp or the light of the sun, because the Lord God will shine on them and they will reign forever and ever. (Rev. 22:3b-5)

As Walvoord expresses it, “Of major importance are the facts that John actually saw a city, that this city was inhabited by saints of all ages, and that God Himself was present in it….Christ continues for all eternity as King of kings and Lord of lords.”36 What a blessed eternity lies ahead! By way of application, it can be said that John’s vision gives us a powerful picture of God’s new realm of being, New Jerusalem, as the context in which Christians should live their daily lives. The absence of the temple [cf. Rev 21:22] is a forceful reminder that all of life is lived in the presence and worship of God.37

Application

We have noted above that God is the creator of day and night. Such is affirmed not only in the original creation account (Gen. 1:1-5) but in several psalms testifying to the fact that God is the creator of all things (e. g., Pss. 19:1-2; 104:19-23).

One grand feature of all of this is that God is present and available for the needs of his creation, especially for mankind in whatever situation they may find themselves. In times of great difficulty and hardship –even temptations (Heb 4: 15-16) --believers may come to him and experience his presence to handle their needs. Such is comforting in light of the potentially dangerous political and economic crises that may lie ahead. The sovereign God is ever ready to aid faithful believers (cf. Pss. 121; 139). Indeed, he is available at any time, whether day or night.

Every day the Lord Himself is near me
with a special mercy for each hour;
All my cares he fain would bear and cheer me,
He whose name is Counsellor and Pow’r.
The protection of his child and treasure
is a charge that on himself He laid.
“As your days, your strength shall be in measure,”
this the pledge to me He made.38

We also noted that the theme of day and night at times is employed in contexts dealing with the future, whether the historical or eschatological future. In the latter case, it will be a situation so wondrous that when God sets up his eternal kingdom in the New Jerusalem, there will be no night! Indeed, the glory of the Lord will shine so glowingly that it will be an endless day.

As John Clements envisioned it,

In the land of fadeless day, lies the city foursquare.
It shall never pass away and there is “no night there.”
God shall “wipe away all tears” there’s no death no pain, no fears;
And they count not time by years, for there is “no night there.”39

This wondrous eschatological scene will take place with Christ’s return to earth (cf. Matt. 24:29-31; Rev.19:11-16). Thus the Lord Jesus affirmed to the apostle John;

(Look! I am coming soon, and my reward is with me to pay each one according to what he has done! I am the Alpha and the Omega, the first and the last, the beginning and the end!)…. “I, Jesus, have sent my angel to testify to you about these things for the churches. I am the root and descendant of David, the bright and morning star!” And the Spirit and the bride say, “Come!” And let the one who hears say, “Come!” (Rev. 22:12-13, 16-17a; cf. v. 20)

In light of all of this, which culminates in the blessed hope of Christ’s soon return, it is imperative for us who are believers to make proper use of each day and night that the Lord has given us to steward. That we can do so is possible because the risen Christ has taken us into vital union with himself: “I have been crucified with Christ, and it is longer I who live, but Christ lives in me. So the life I now live in the body, I live because of the faithfulness of the Son of God, who loved me and gave himself for me “ (Gal 2:20). This should inspire us to live and work for Christ day and night (cf. John 9:4), as we have seen in the life of the apostle Paul. Moreover, we should reflect his person and standards in holy living (cf. Phil 2:5-13), hunger for God’s word each day (Ps. 1:1-2), and be ready to share the gospel message (1 Pet. 3:15).

As we do so, we can look forward anxiously, and with deep and heartfelt longing to that grand future, which the Lord has prepared for those who love him (cf. Tit. 2:11-13). What a day that will be!40 And in accordance with Jesus’ own promise -- “Yes, I am coming soon!”—we may eagerly say, “Amen! Come, Lord Jesus!” (Rev. 22:20).


1 See Richard D. Patterson, “In the Morning,”; “Singing Songs in the Night,” Biblical Studies press, 2011, 2015.

2 Sabine Baring-Gould, “Now the Day is Over.”

3 Folliot S. Pierpoint, “For the Beauty of the Earth.”

4 Mary A. Lathbury, “Day is Dying in the West.” Note also the pair: heaven and earth.

5 Unless otherwise noted, all scriptural citations will be taken from the NET.

6 H. C. Leupold, Exposition of the Psalms (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1969), 539.

7 J.J. Stewart Perowne, The Book of Psalms (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1976; 2 vols. in one) 1:222-23.

8 Norman L. Geisler, “Creation, Views of,” in Baker Encyclopedia of Christian Apologetics (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1999), 176, 177.

9 Isaac Watts, “I Sing the Mighty Power of God.”

10 Mark D. Futato, “The Book of Psalms,” Cornerstone Biblical Commentary, ed, Philip W. Comfort (Carol Stream: Tyndale House, 2009). 176. Interestingly, Futato goes on to remark concerning the final verse of the psalm: “How fitting it is, then, that at the end of this glorious psalm about God’s glorious creation is the first occurrence in the book of Psalms of that heartfelt cry of the soul, ‘Hallelujah!’”

11 Allen P. Ross, “Psalms,” in The Bible Knowledge Commentary, eds. John F. Walvoord and Roy G. Zuck (Wheaton: Victor Books, 1985), 835.

12 For the use of David’s closing phrase, see Richard D. Patterson, “As For me,” Biblical Studies Press, 2013.

13 See further, Richard D. Patterson, “Singing Songs in the Night,” Biblical Studies Press, 2015.

14 Philip E. Hughes, The Second Epistle to the Corinthians, The New International Commentary on the New Testament (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1962), 479. See also, Charles Hodge, An Exposition of The Second Epistle to the Corinthians (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, [n.d.]), 302-305.

15 See further, Alfred Plummer, Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to S. Luke, The International Critical Commentary (Edinburgh: T. &T. Clark,1922), 413-14.

16 I. Howard Marshall, Commentary on Luke, The New International Greek Testament Commentary (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1978), 676.

17 David Gooding, According to Luke: A New Exposition of the Third Gospel (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1987), 293.

18 Leupold, The Psalms, 946.

19 Futato, The Book of Psalms, 415.

20 James A. Brooks, Mark, The New American Commentary, ed. David S. Dockery (Nashville: Broadman Press, 1991), 91.

21 R.T. France, The Gospel of Mark, The New International Greek Testament Commentary (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2002), 225.

22 Thomas Fuller, “Pisgah Sight” in Bartlett’s Familiar Quotations, eds. John Bartlett and Justin Kaplan (Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 16th ed. 1992), 250.

23] Ross, “Psalms,” Bible Knowledge Commentary, 817.

24 Futato, The Book of Psalms, 377.

25 Douglas K. Stuart, Exodus, The New American Commentary, ed. E. Ray Clendenen (Nashville: Broadman & Holman, 2006), 327-28.

26 See further, Richard D. Patterson, “The Pleasure of His Presence,” Biblical Studies Press, 2010.

27 Richard D. Patterson, “Joel,” The Expositor’s Bible Commentary, eds. Tremper Longman III and David E. Garland, 13 vols. (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, rev. ed., 2008) 8: 335.

28 Willem A. VanGemeren, “Psalms,” Expositor’s Bible Commentary, 5: 703.

29 Franz Delitzsch, Biblical Commentary on the Psalms, 3 vols. in Keil and Delitzsch, Commentaries on the Old Testament (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1955) 3: 67.

30 Bishop Hilary of Poitiers, Hymnus Matutinus, ‘A Morning Hymn,” in Mrs. Perceval Mackrell, Hymns of the Christian Centuries (London: George Allen, 1903), 16-17.

31 Richard D. Patterson, ‘Jonah,” in Minor Prophets, Cornerstone Biblical Commentary, ed. Philip W. Comfort (Carol Stream: Tyndale House, 2008), 273.

32 William Walsham How, “For All the Saints.”

33 O. Palmer Robertson, The Christ of the Prophets (Phillipsburg, New Jersey: R&R Publishers, 2004), 468, 469.

34 Gary V. Smith, Isaiah 40-66, The new American Commentary, ed. E. Ray Clendenen, 2009), 626 .

35 Smith, ibid., 628.

36 John F. Walvoord, The Revelation of Jesus (Chicago: Moody press, 1966), 320, 332.

37 M. Robert Mulholland, Jr., “Revelation,” Cornerstone Biblical Commentary, ed. Philip W. Comfort (Carol Stream: Tyndale House, 2011), 598.

38 Lina Sandell Berg, “Day by Day,” Trans. by Andrew L. Skoog.

39 John R. Clements, “No Night There.”

40 As he hymn writer, Jim Hill expressed it in his hymn, “What a Day That Will Be,”: “What a day that will be, when my Jesus I shall see. And I look upon his face—the one who saved me by His grace.”

Related Topics: Comfort, Terms & Definitions

Pages