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“Perjalanan dari Ketakutan Menuju Iman”

Everyday Women, Ever Faithful God

Pelajaran ini berisi tentang perjalanan iman dari banyak wanita, baik dari masa lalu maupun masa sekarang ini, setiap wanita memiliki kisah tentang kepercayaanya kepada kesetiaan dan kebaikan Allah. Bacaan kitab suci menceritakan tiap kisah wanita dari Perjanjian Lama. Untuk belajar menulis cerita Anda, Anda akan didorong untuk menuliskan kisah/pengalaman yang berhubungan dengan pelajaran tersebut dalam bagian “Ceritakan kisahmu”. Di akhir pelajaran, Anda akan memiliki potongan-potongan cerita yang disatukan dalam bagian “Kisahku” sebagai kisah perjalanan iman Anda bersama Allah.

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Progressive Covenantalism as an Integrating Motif of Scripture

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Abstract1

Progressive covenantalism is a new working model for comprehending the relationship between the Old and New Testaments. The goal is to articulate a consistent understanding of how to put together seemingly heterogeneous portions of Scripture. This integrating motif asserts that God’s progressive revelation of His covenants is an extension of the kingdom blessings He first introduced in creation. Affiliated claims are that the various covenants revealed in Scripture are interrelated and build on one another, that the people of God throughout the history of salvation are united, and that they equally share in His eschatological promises.

1. Introduction

The present interest in the subject began after watching the webcast, “What Is Progressive Covenantalism”, hosted by Michael Patton and Rhome Dyck of The Theology Program.2 In fact, this was the first time I heard the concept introduced and explained. Admittedly, the notion of “progressive dispensationalism” has been around for a number of years, as reflected in the publication Continuity and Discontinuity;3 but the idea of “progressive covenantalism” was different, especially as presented by individuals who did their graduate studies at Dallas Theological Seminary, an academic institution long known for its dispensational leanings.

The intent of Patton and Dyck was to come up with a consistent understanding of how to put together seemingly heterogeneous portions of Scripture. Concededly, they do not give an elaborate explanation of what they mean by progressive covenantalism. Nonetheless, the comments they make in their lecture provide a useful starting point for proposing a new working model of how to understand the relationship between the Old and New Testaments.4 This endeavor mirrors the ongoing task of theology. As König explains, “theology is not merely repeating what is written in the Bible but rather rethinking the biblical material” so as to foster greater understanding.5

What is the reason for introducing another approach to explain the intertextuality between the testaments?6 It is centered in the shortcomings associated with the concept of “dispensations”. Patton and Dyck note that over the past century, dispensationalism has focused on the discontinuity in the master plan of God.7 Indeed, the spotlight is on the separate ways in which the Lord has worked among His people in different periods of time.8 The lecturers observe that this emphasis is misplaced. Rather than accent distinctions within different portions of Scripture, it is more helpful to talk about the unity of the divine plan for the faith community throughout history. In this case, God’s covenant with His people is the basis for seeing more continuity than discontinuity between the testaments.9

An investigation into this topic surfaced one instance in which progressive covenantalism was associated with theonomy or Christian reconstructionism.10 In another instance, Moore, a professor at the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, used the phrase “progressive covenantalism” in reference to the views of Hoekema (a longtime professor at Calvin Theological Seminary) concerning the way in which the kingdom promises of the Old Testament will be fulfilled.11 These references, however, seem to be more incidental and not representative of a broader, well-established view concerning progressive covenantalism.

In light of the preceding observations, there is merit in developing further the theological construct put forward by Patton and Dyck. As a disclaimer, the goal of this essay is not to present a wide-ranging summary of contemporary thought regarding the covenant.12 This essay reflects the conviction that while there is “great variety in the Bible”, the Word of God is also characterized by “meaningful coherence” in which thematic trajectories can be discerned.13 Concerning the integrating motif proposed in this treatise, the major premise is that God’s progressive revelation of His covenants is an extension of the kingdom blessings He first introduces in creation. Affiliated claims are that the various covenants revealed in Scripture are interrelated and build on one another, that the people of God throughout the history of salvation are united, and that they equally share in His eschatological promises.

2. God’s Progressive Revelation of His Covenants

2.1. Theological Covenants

This essay affirms the view that the covenant concept is used as an organizing and controlling principle of Scripture. Through the Messiah, the covenant also links God’s various affirmations of His creative and salvific purposes toward humanity.14 Matthews regards the covenant as one of four overarching themes that “comprise the literary and theological glue of the ancient Israelite writers”.15 The other three themes identified by the author are remnant, universalism, and wisdom.16 Indeed, Matthews considers the covenant concept as “the single most overriding theme in the Old Testament”.17 As well, Williamson observes that the “divine-human covenants” are not only pivotal within the Hebrew sacred writings, but also are “foundational for the revelation that unfolds in the rest of the Bible”.18 McKenzie adds that covenant is the foremost biblical image “to express the relationship between God and humans”.19

By acknowledgment, no consensus exists “over the precise number of divine covenants in Scripture”. Some affirm “only those divine-human relationships to which covenantal terminology is expressly applied”. In contrast, this essay identifies “several additional covenants”.20 Even when the word “covenant” does not appear, the motif remains present throughout Scripture, whether explicitly or implicitly.21 To be specific, the history of salvation is understood within the framework of three central or dominant theological covenants: the covenant of redemption, the covenant of works, and the covenant of grace.22 These three are called “theological covenants” because, while not explicit, they are implicit in the Bible.23

The covenant of redemption is understood as being made in eternity past among the members of the Godhead.24 An examination of the broad sweep of Scripture as well as the history of salvation indicates that it was the intent of the Father to appoint the Son to live a morally perfect life (Heb 4:15; 7:26-27). In turn, He became an acceptable substitutionary sacrifice by dying an undeserved death at Calvary (Rom 3:25-26). He did this on behalf of those who would trust in Him for salvation. In essence, the Messiah became the covenantal representative for the elect (1 Pet 1:17-21).25

The outworking of the covenant of redemption is seen in the covenant of works and the covenant of grace.26 In the garden of Eden, the covenant of works27 was made between God and Adam as the head of humanity (Gen 1:28-30; 2:15-17).28 Admittedly, this portion of Scripture does not specifically mention the Hebrew word for “covenant”;29 yet as Matthews notes, it contains “elements of covenantal or treaty language”.30 Also, as Rendtorff argues, God’s covenant with His creation forms the macro-structure around which the primeval narrative of Genesis 1—11 is organized.31 Likewise, Brown notes that creation itself “provides a defining framework” and the “cosmic bedrock that supports the covenant”.32 Additionally, McKenzie observes that chapters 1:1—2:3 “prepare the reader for the series of covenants to come”.33 This is done in two ways. First, the Genesis narrative verbalizes the divine blessing for humans to be fruitful and multiply, a notion that subsequent covenants reaffirm. Second, the passage explains “the origin of Sabbath, which will serve as the sign of the [Mosaic] covenant”.34

The Lord created Adam in His image and gave Adam the covenantal responsibility of expanding the vice-regency of the human race from Eden to the entire earth.35 This was to occur by the increase in numbers of the human race and their dominion over the planet.36 In this special arrangement, Adam was required to pass the test of the forbidden fruit. If he succeeded, the human race would have completed its earthly history without sin and death. Because Adam failed the test, he brought the judgment of death to the entire human race (Rom. 5:18).

In light of the fact that Adam disobeyed God and broke the covenant of works God established the covenant of grace37 between Himself and humankind (Gen 3:15; Isa 42:6).38 The Messiah, as the head of redeemed humanity, is pivotal to this special arrangement (Rom 5:15-21). The Son received from the Father the promise of an elect people, whom Christ redeemed from the curse of the Fall through His atoning sacrifice at Calvary. Moreover, the second Adam fulfilled the obligations of human loyalty that the first Adam failed to heed. The Messiah alone is able to give eternal life to all who put their faith in Him.

The basis for the covenant of grace is the promise of God to humankind in the garden of Eden, as recorded in Genesis 3:15.39 Traditionally, this verse has been called the “protoevangelium”, “first gospel”, or “first account of the gospel of redemption”.40 The Lord declared that He would put continuous enmity between the serpent and the woman. There would also be ongoing hostility between the offspring of the serpent and the offspring of the woman. Moreover, the offspring of Eve would crush the head of the serpent, while the serpent would strike her offspring’s heel.

This summary reflects an historical-exegetical reading of the text. Because later biblical writers also interpreted the text in a theological-canonical manner, they came to see the serpent in the garden as an incarnate archetype of Satan (cf. v. 1), the supreme adversary of God (cf. Rev 12:9; 20:2). Likewise, the devil’s offspring are those among humankind who follow him and his ways (cf. John 8:44; 1 John 3:8). In contrast, the woman’s offspring are those who are born of God and remain faithful to Him (John 1:12-13; Rom 8:15; Gal 4:6; 1 John 3:1-2). As the example of Cain and Abel shows (Gen 4), there is constant strife between these two divisions of humanity (John 15:18-25). Scripture reveals that Satan is the “god of this age” (2 Cor 4:4, TNIV) and that he has spiritually blinded those who choose to be his followers. Indeed, the entire world lies under the power of the evil one (1 John 5:19) and follow his debased ways (Eph 2:2). They are at odds with the redeemed and persecute them for their identity with the Messiah (2 Cor 1:5-7; Col 1:24; 2 Tim 3:12). This is part of the divine plan for overcoming the evil one.

As Genesis 3:15 promises, the victory of the redeemed is assured by the Savior. Jesus’ followers triumph over the devil “by the blood of the Lamb and by the word of their testimony” (Rev 12:11). Scripture reveals that Christ’s atoning sacrifice on the cross overcame the forces of darkness (Isa 53:12; Luke 24:26, 46; 1 Pet 1:10-11). Moreover, at Calvary, the Son disarmed Satan by taking away his power to accuse believers (cf. Rom 8:1-4, 31-39; Col 2:15; Heb 2:14-15). Furthermore, Paul noted that the “God of peace” will “soon crush Satan” under the feet of the saints (Rom 16:20). Indeed, Jesus is the divine warrior who will triumph on behalf of His people at His return (2 Thes 1:5-10; Rev 19:11-21). From a human standpoint, the delay seems long; but from the divine standpoint it is imminent, being one of the next series of events on the eschatological calendar (cf. 2 Pet 3:8).

The research done by Peacock indicates that the Eden narrative of Genesis 2:4b—3:24 depicts “three realms of relationship” that were “broken as a direct consequence of sin”: 1) between God and humanity; 2) between individuals; and 3) betweens humanity and the creation. God works through the covenant to “restore the broken relationships”. In this paradigm, all the covenants recorded in the Old Testament are intertwined with the Eden narrative. Moreover, each covenant discloses how God used it to partially restore the “realms of relational existence broken by sin”. This ongoing redemptive process is consummated in the new covenant inaugurated by the Messiah. Specifically, He establishes fellowship between God and His covenant people, enables the Church to experience community in all its fullness, and ensures that at the end of the age all creation will join the redeemed in glorious freedom from death and decay.41

Patton and Dyck liken God’s covenantal promise to Adam and Eve as a first installment on a long-term plan to fix what was broken when sin entered the human race (Rom 5:12). Thereafter, each covenant in Scripture builds on the one made in the garden of Eden. Similarly, each covenant increases the recipients of the divine plan of redemption. Together, these covenants are analogous to an ascending staircase that shows the direction in which God is leading His people. The inherent unity of the covenants is reinforced by the observation made by Smith that in the Hebrew sacred writings, “covenant . . . never occurs in the plural”. The idea is that “there is only one ‘covenant’ with many manifestations”.42

2.2. Biblical covenants

The Edenic covenant is the basis for all the subsequent covenants in the Bible. Because these special arrangements are explicitly described in Scripture, they are called “biblical covenants”. Though they are distinct from one another, they are tightly interrelated. Indeed, all these covenants operate under the premise that the redeemed are to submit to God’s rule and live in accordance with His moral law.43 Such a faith-stance is in response to God’s grace. It is never regarded as a way to earn God’s acceptance or merit His favor.

As was previously mentioned, the Lord established the Edenic covenant with Adam and Eve, the progenitors of the entire human race (Gen 3:15). This is followed by the Noahic covenant, which pertains to Noah and his descendants (6:18-22; 9:8-17). In 8:21, the Lord declared that He would never again send a flood to destroy all life. Then in 9:8-17, He solemnly confirmed that decision with a covenant, the sign of which was the rainbow. In Bible times, covenants often had a sign or seal to commemorate them.

Some scholars think that until this period in history, there had never been a rainbow. Others maintain that rainbows had always been appearing near rain clouds, but that after the Flood, God invested this beautiful arch of color in the sky with a new and special meaning. According to the Genesis account, the rainbow would function as a reminder to God that He should limit the damage any rainstorm could do. He would not allow the water to continue to rise on the earth until all living things had perished. Because of the Lord’s grace, Noah and his descendants were released from the ark to repopulate a stable creation. As they increased in number, they had the God-given opportunity to extend the vice-regency of humankind throughout the globe and exercise dominion over the planet. They also were required to heed God’s ethical requirements. Those who transgressed His moral law faced the judgment of death.

Next in line is the Abrahamic covenant, which the Lord made with the patriarchs and their offspring (Gen 12:1-3; 13:14-17; 15:1-20; 17:1-14; 22:15-18; 24:6-8; 26:23-24; 28:13-15; 35:11-12). The Lord established this special agreement with Abraham, as the head of Israel. Through the patriarch and his descendants, the vice-regency of the human race would be extended further. Initially, this would take place through the Israelites in the land of Canaan. From there the blessing of redemption through the Messiah would be extended throughout the entire earth (Matt 28:18-20; Luke 24:47; Acts 1:8).

According to Genesis 17, when Abraham was 99 years old, the Lord appeared to him to reaffirm the covenant and confirm it with name changes and the sign of circumcision. As on previous occasions, the patriarch learned that he would have many descendants, who would possess Canaan. He was also told that he and all the males in his household were to be circumcised. Moreover, this practice was to be repeated on all Abraham’s male descendants as well as others in the covenant community. Circumcision represented an oath affirming the covenant. It was similar to saying, “If I am untrue to the covenant, may I be cut off like my foreskin”. This reflected the literal meaning of the phrase for “to make a covenant,” which is “to cut a covenant”. The idea is that Abraham and his descendants were to live righteously. Those who violated God’s moral requirements would experience His judgment. Later in biblical history, some Jewish rabbis put too much emphasis on circumcision, and some early Jewish Christians disrupted the church because of the practice (Acts 15:1-2; Rom 2:25-29; Gal 5:2-6; Phil 3:1-3).

Paul argued in Romans 4 that Abraham is the father of all who believe, whether circumcised or uncircumcised. The apostle also maintained that a “person is a Jew who is one inwardly” (3:29). These observations are not meant to deny the existence of ethnic, national Israel. Such is affirmed, including God’s eschatological program for the converted, physical descendants of Abraham (Zech 10:8-12; Rom 11:25-27);44 nonetheless, it is important to stress that natural descent from Abraham did not automatically guarantee inheritance of the divine promises. Embracing the covenant with saving faith was imperative.45

Galatians 6:16 makes reference to “the Israel of God”. Some understand the preceding connective (“and,” which renders the Greek word kai) as pointing to two distinct groups, that is, “all who follow this rule” as well as “the Israel of God”.46 The alternate view is that in this verse, the connective is more properly rendered “even”. This means that “all who follow this rule” are also “the Israel of God”. Expressed differently, the latter are the newly constituted covenant community of believing Jews and Gentiles (cf. Pss 125:5; 128:6).47

The seal of the Holy Spirit, rather than circumcision, is now the faith community’s identifying mark (Eph 1:13-14). On the one hand, there is individuality and uniqueness among the members of Christ’s body (1 Cor 12:4-6). On the other hand, there is also a mystical unity. Indeed, “all its many parts form one body” (v. 12) through faith in the Messiah. The believers’ union with Him is made possible through the baptizing work of the Spirit (v. 13). Together, saved Jews and Gentiles form one body, partake of the same Spirit, and share one hope (Eph. 4:4). There is “one Lord, one faith, one baptism, one God and Father of all, who is over all and through all and in all” (vv. 5-6; cf. Rom 6:3-4; Col 2:12).

After the Abrahamic covenant comes the Mosaic covenant (also known as the Sinaitic or old covenant). This special agreement was established through the mediation of Moses and has ethnic Israel as its immediate focus (Exod 19−24). The nation’s redemption from slavery in Egypt forms the historical context for the issuance of God’s law, which Paul said was “holy” (Rom 7:12), and the divine commandments, which the apostle noted were “holy, righteous, and good”. The people of the covenant were required to observe its stipulations. Obedience would lead to blessing, while disobedience would result in defeat and exile from the promised land (Lev 26; Deut 28). The Israelites—particularly those who had the faith of Abraham (4:16)—served as God’s agents to extend the vice-regency of redeemed humanity.48 Initially, this occurred through their increase in numbers and conquest of the land of Canaan. Ultimately, through the advent of the Messiah and the evangelistic efforts of His followers, the light of the gospel began spreading to all regions of the earth (9:18). Guinan pointed out that “for Christians, the promise of the Mosaic covenant has become a reality in Christ”.49

In this way of thinking, the Mosaic covenant is another link in God’s unbroken eschatological plan. Such stands in contrast to the view of dispensationalists such as Merrill, who claims that, rather than standing “within the broad stream of covenant tradition”, the Mosaic covenant is “made with Israel alone”.50 It is true that this special agreement originally had the physical descendants of Jacob as its focus. Nonetheless, as Merrill concedes, the Lord wanted to use the Israelites to introduce His redemptive message to humanity. Indeed, an undeniable element of unity and continuity with the rest of the covenants is the basis for the Mosaic covenant being the foundation upon which the Israelites were able to “mediate the soteriological purposes of God” to the world. The case for continuity, rather than discontinuity, is also evident in Merrill’s statement that the Mosaic covenant “springs from” the “Genesis narratives” and is “informed by them”.51 Keumyoung, having evaluated the dispensational view of the Sinaitic covenant and the law, concluded that “it is foreign for the biblical writers to separate pure law from the Decalogue, to see the Sermon on the Mount as primarily applicable to the millennial kingdom, or to assume an antithetical relationship between law and grace”.52

The Davidic covenant follows the Mosaic covenant and has both Jews and Gentiles in its purview (2 Sam 7:5-16; Pss 89; 132). Second Samuel 7:11-13 records the establishment of God’s covenant with David, who was the head of Israel’s permanent, royal dynasty. Although the word covenant is not specifically stated in this passage, it is used elsewhere to describe this occasion (cf. 2 Sam 23:5; Ps 89:28, 34). Clearly, the issues of 2 Samuel 7 are of immense theological importance. They concern not only the first coming of the Messiah, but also the Savior’s eternal rule on the throne of David. The Hebrew word rendered “house” (v. 11) lies at the heart of this passage. David saw his own house (or palace) and desired to build a house (or temple) for the Lord; but God declared that He would build a house (or dynasty) for David, and the king’s son would build a house (or temple) for the Lord. In His covenant with David, God promised that the king’s descendants would become a dynasty and always rule over Israel. Individual kings were subject to severe punishment (Ps 89:30-32), but the Lord would never permanently reject the line of David from the throne (vv. 33-37).

The New Testament reveals that God’s promises to David are fulfilled in the Messiah through the new covenant, which encompasses the household of faith in both testaments (Isa 54:10; Jer 31:31-34; Ezek 11:19; 18:31; 34:25; 36:26; Heb 8:7-13; 11:39-40).53 Although various passages in the Old Testament mention God’s establishment of an “everlasting covenant” (Isa 24:5; 55:3; 61:8; Jer 32:40; 50:5; Ezek 16:60; 37:26), only Jeremiah 31:31 speaks of a “new covenant” (cf. Heb 8:8). The emphasis here is on the inauguration of a covenant that is both “new in time and renewed in nature”.54 Jesus establishes the new covenant through the shedding of His blood (Matt 26:28; Mark 14:24; Luke 22:20; 1 Cor 11:25; Heb 10:29; 12:24; 13:20).55 Jesus also keeps the conditions of the covenant perfectly (Heb 4:15), serves as the Mediator of the covenant (9:15), and promised to return as the conquering King (Matt 24:29-31). Through the Savior’s atoning sacrifice, He made redemption and forgiveness of sins possible. All are now invited to partake of what He has done. In short, those who put their faith in Christ are forgiven and receive everlasting life (cf. John 3:16).

Concerning Jeremiah 31:31-34, this arguably would have been the high point of Jeremiah’s prophetic ministry. By saying that a day will come, Jeremiah also indicated that the new covenant will be part of the future messianic age (v. 31).56 More than a century before (722 b.c.), the Assyrians had defeated and removed the residents of Israel (cf. 2 Kings 17:5-6); however, even though the northern kingdom no longer existed, Israel would be included along with Judah in the new covenant (Jer 31:31). This indicates that it was to be for all God’s people. Indeed, “Israel” (v. 33) refers to the entire nation, which was divided into the house of Israel and Judah; also, the phrase “after that time” refers to the Jews’ return from exile and their repopulation of the promised land.

As Thompson points out, the covenant the Lord inaugurated between Himself and the Israelites at Mount Sinai forms the backdrop to Jeremiah’s announcement (Exod 19:1—24:11).57 The limitations associated with the old covenant underscored the reason for the new covenant. In the former, which God originally made with the ancestors of the Jews, He took them by the hand (in a manner of speaking) and led them out of the land of Egypt (v. 32). Even though the Lord was like a faithful and devoted husband to Israel, the people continually broke the Mosaic covenant. The new covenant would have to address the problem inherent in the old one. In particular, it would have to compensate for the inability of the people to perform up to God’s standards.

It was never God’s intent that the Mosaic law be used as a means to obtain salvation; instead, forgiveness of sins has always been the Lord’s gracious gift to those who have humbled themselves before Him in faith (Gen 15:6; Rom 4:3). The law was God’s way of pointing out the pathway that believers should walk (Rom 7:7; Gal 3:19, 24).58 Thus, the problem with the covenant at Mount Sinai was not in God’s provision, but in Israel’s response. Only the Lord could change the hearts and minds of His people; thus, a new covenant was needed.

In Jeremiah 31:33, the Lord pledged to do three things in the new covenant. First, He would put His law within His people; it would become a part of their innermost being. Second, God would write the law on their hearts; expressed differently, His will and Word would affect their thoughts, emotions, and decisions. Third, the Lord would be the God of the Jews, and they would be His chosen people. Jeremiah was echoing several Old Testament promises (cf. Gen 17:7; Exod 6:7; Lev 26:12). Nonetheless, the life, death, and resurrection of the Messiah opened a new avenue for human beings to relate to their heavenly Father. Because of the salvation provided by the Redeemer, all believers can enter into God’s presence. Here is seen the essential difference between the old and new covenants. The new one would be primarily internal, while the old one was principally external. The new covenant represented a relationship, while the old covenant was more of a legal document. The old was written on tablets of stone, while the new would be written on human hearts (cf. 2 Cor 3:3). Once the law of God could be implanted within people’s hearts, their relationship with the Lord could be permanent.59

Such distinctions, however, should not be overstated,60 for there remains a fundamental unity between the old and new covenants. Indeed, embedded within the concept of covenant is “continuity in the divine purpose in history”.61 This observation implies that the new covenant is “not new in essence, but new in fulfillment”.62 In Romans 11:11-24, Paul revealed that the Lord has grafted Gentiles into the people of God (that is, the stem of Abraham), like wild olive shoots into the main trunk of an olive plant. Similarly, the new covenant is “part of the same tree” as the old covenant, not “an altogether new stock”.63

McKenzie explained that both the old and new covenants involve the same parties, namely, the Lord and His people. In the time of Jeremiah, the latter would have been “the descendants of the exodus generation, who were the recipients of the original covenant”.64 Furthermore, both covenants have God’s moral code as their ethical foundation, with the Mosaic law being the chief historical expression of it. As Barker noted, the Old and New Testaments alike “speak with a united voice on the importance—indeed, the necessity—of adhering to the spirit of the law”.65 Moreover, the new covenant, like its predecessor, is rooted deeply in the sacred traditions, writings, and communal life of ancient Israel.66

Jeremiah 31:34 declares that the people would no longer need to teach their neighbors and relatives to know the Lord in an intimate and personal way. The reason is that, under the new covenant, all of them—from the least important to the most important—would truly know the Lord. What is the basis for God establishing such a profound covenant with His people? In short, it was God’s forgiveness of the people’s sins. God’s law could not be written on hearts tainted by sin. Thus, the people’s hearts had to be cleansed (by God’s grace) so they could experience all that is promised in the new covenant. Once the Lord had forgiven them, He could deliberately forget their sins. Through Jesus’ sacrifice, the sins of humankind have been dealt with once for all. Indeed, God does not remember them (cf. Ps 103:8-12).

Hebrews 8 provides additional commentary on the interrelationship between the old and new covenants. An examination of this passage indicates that God’s progressive revelation of His covenants is the integrating motif (or the determining, controlling concept) between the testaments. Verses 1-5 reveal that because Jesus’ ministry is heavenly and unlimited, it is superior to that of the Levitical priests. The Savior, as the mediator between God and humanity (1 Tim 2:5), has inaugurated a new and better covenant than the old one based on the Mosaic law. The new covenant is better, precisely because it is “established on better promises” (Heb 8:6). As deSilva noted, “Jesus is the focal point, the lens through which the light of God’s favor and promises come into focus and shine out to humanity”.67

The writer of Hebrews argued that if the first covenant had sufficiently met the needs of people and had adequately provided for their salvation, then there would have been no need for a new covenant to replace it (v. 7). But the old covenant was insufficient and inadequate in bringing people to God, and therefore a new covenant had to be established. The nexus of the shortfall was not the covenant in and of itself, but those living under it. God had found fault with the Israelites, primarily because they did not continue in that covenant (v. 8). While God initiated the old covenant with His people, they also willingly agreed to it (cf. Josh 24). Thus, the covenant was a mutual obligation between God and the people. Nonetheless, the people often failed to live up to their part of the obligation (cf. Neh 9; Dan 9:1-19). As a result, human failure rendered the old covenant inoperative (cf. Rom 7:7-25). The establishment of a new covenant naturally implies that the old covenant is obsolete, needs to be replaced, and will eventually disappear from the scene altogether (Heb 8:13).

In would be incorrect to conclude from the preceding remarks that the writer of Hebrews disparaged or maligned the old covenant. After all, as Newman points out, the contrast is not between an evil system (namely, the old covenant) and a good system (namely, the new covenant), but between what is good and what is better.68 This train of thought, which was common among the Jewish people in the first century a.d., is an “argument from the lesser to the greater”. It is comparable to the rationale offered by Paul in 2 Corinthians 3 on the subject of the greater glory of the new covenant compared to the old covenant. In the case of the Mosaic covenant, it was provisional in nature. With the advent of the Messiah, “a new day in salvation history has dawned”.69

3. The Unity of the Covenant People of
God throughout Salvation History

Connected with the progressive unfolding of the previously discussed, interrelated covenants is the advancement of God’s revelation to His people concerning His eschatological program.70 Hebrews 1:1-2 notes that during the era of the Old Testament, God spoke to His people through His prophets on a number of occasions, and He did so in various portions and in a variety of ways (for example, through visions, dreams, and riddles). The idea is that His revelation was fragmentary, partial, and incomplete; but now with the advent of the Son, the Father’s revelation to believers is ultimate, complete, and final.

Kuyper says the Old Testament is like a “tapestry with many loose ends”.71 Moreover, the New Testament writers are similar to artisans who judiciously choose “many of the threads to weave them into a newly begun tapestry in which the picture of Christ appears”. The portrait of the Messiah is enhanced by the “color, substance, and background” obtained from the “Old Testament strands”. Furthermore, because the threads from the latter are “thoroughly interwoven into the new fabric”, it is impossible to separate the testaments. Together, they form the Word of God and give profound “beauty and meaning” to the Son.

There is both continuity and discontinuity present here, such as the distinction between a seed and a full-grown plant or a caterpillar and a butterfly. While the first gives way to the second, the necessity of the first and its tight interconnection with the second is neither denied nor minimized. Likewise, the progressive unfolding of God’s covenants with His people begins in the garden of Eden with Adam and Eve and culminates in the person and work of the risen Savior. In this construct, the present age occupies an important role in the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecy. Likewise, the church is not an afterthought in God’s eschatological program but stands in continuity with what is foretold in the Old Testament.72

The post-resurrection account recorded in Luke 24 attests to this tight integration between the biblical covenants progressively revealed in the Old and New Testaments. In verses 25-26, the risen Messiah censured two disciples (who were going to a village called Emmaus) for being slow to believe all that the prophets had declared. In fact, Jesus’ reference to “Moses and all the Prophets” (v. 27) indicates that the messianic promises extend in a unifying way throughout all the Hebrew sacred writings. Later that day, Jesus enabled the rest of His followers to comprehend what these Scriptures prophetically revealed about the necessity of the Messiah’s suffering on the cross and resurrection from the dead (vv. 45-46; cf. Ps 22; Isa 52:13−53:12).

The interlocking relationship between the covenants is discernible in Romans 3:21, where Paul referred to “the righteousness of God” that has been revealed “apart from the law”. There is no denying an aspect of discontinuity between the old system and the new one (cf. John 1:17), specifically in the “mode of administration”.73 Yet, such notwithstanding, the apostle also referred to this same “righteousness of God” to which “the Law and the Prophets testify”. The idea is that the doctrine of justification by faith is taught in the Old Testament (cf. Gen 15:6; Hab 2:4). Moreover, with the incarnation of the Son, this truth is unveiled with greater clarity than before (John 1:14-18).

In Ephesians 3, Paul used the phrase rendered “the mystery of Christ” (v. 4) to refer to the unity of the people of God as each covenant was successively disclosed and inaugurated. An element of discontinuity is evident by the apostle’s acknowledgment that the divine secret was not disclosed to people in former generations to the same extent that it has “now been revealed by the Spirit to God’s holy apostles and prophets” (v. 5). The difference to which Paul referred was relative, not absolute. This observation in turn emphasizes the fundamental connection between the covenants of the two testaments, especially when one recognizes glimpses of the divine “mystery” present in the Old Testament (cf. Isa 19:25; 49:6; 1 Pet 1:10-12).74

Historically speaking, Gentiles were once “separate from Christ, excluded from citizenship in Israel and foreigners to the covenants of the promise” (Eph 2:12). Through Jesus’ sacrifice on the cross (John 10:15-16), He joins believing Jews and Gentiles (17:20-21). In spiritual union with Him, the Gentiles “who were once far away have been brought near” (Eph 2:13). The truth of unity and equality between Jews and non-Jews is further seen in their being “members together of one body”, namely, the spiritual body of Christ (3:6).75

In brief, the divine secret is that through the preaching of the gospel, kingdom promises that were once the exclusive domain of ethnic Israel (Exod 19:6; Deut 7:6; Rom 9:4-5), are now enjoyed by both believing Jews and Gentiles (Eph 3:6; cf. the extensive discussion offered by Saucy 1992:127-155). As the “Israel of God” (Gal 6:16), they jointly are “a chosen people, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, [and] God’s special possession” (1 Pet 2:9; cf. v. 10; Rev 1:6). As Campbell notes, this is not a circumstance “in which Israel’s privileges are transferred to Gentiles”.76 The inclusion of non-Jews is not by the exclusion or displacement of Israel and the abolishment of God’s promises to them; rather, it is by permitting saved Jews and Gentiles to jointly share in Christ’s eternal blessings.77

Hebrews 12:22-23 further reinforces what has been said. In making reference to the unity of the covenant community in both the Old and New Testaments, the author of the epistle stated that “Mount Zion” is the place where they reside with the Lord. This celestial abode is also called “the city of the living God” and “the heavenly Jerusalem”. Incalculable numbers of angels are found there, along with “the church of the firstborn”. This “church” is simply all Christians on earth. Jesus, the first to rise from the dead (1 Cor 15:20; Col 1:18; Rev. 1:5), redeemed them from destruction and set them apart for service to God as His priests in His heavenly sanctuary (cf. Num 3:11-13; Eph 2:21-22; 1 Pet 2:4-5). The Messiah enables them to be “heirs of God and co-heirs with Christ” (Rom 8:17).

According to Hebrews 12:23, those who share in this eternal, glorious inheritance include “the spirits of the righteous made perfect”. Most likely, these are believers from the Old Testament era, such as the men and women mentioned in chapter 11. They have been made perfect in the sense that their souls have been cleansed of sin through faith in the Son (cf. 11:40). As “the mediator of a new covenant” (12:24; cf. 8:6), Jesus brings forgiveness, joy, and confidence to the united, heavenly assembly of Old and New Testament saints. Here we see with unmistakable clarity that believing Jews and Gentiles share the same eternal destiny. While the ethnic provenance of the former is affirmed, both entities remain ontologically joined together as the covenant people of God.78

The testimony of Scripture is that the new covenant brings to completion God’s eschatological plan for redeemed humanity and the rest of creation (cf. Rom 8:18-23). In the eternal state, “heaven and a renewed earth are joined into regained and consummated Eden”.79 Of particular interest is “the Holy City, the new Jerusalem” (Rev 21:2) that descends “out of heaven from God”.80 The Lord magnificently adorned the new Jerusalem (the bride) for her husband (the groom). The implication here is that the city surpassed the beauty of everything else God had made. Some think the new Jerusalem will be a literal city where God’s people dwell for all eternity. Others think the holy city is symbol of the united, redeemed community in heaven. In either case, it’s clear that a new world is coming, and it will be glorious beyond imagination.

A loud voice from the heavenly throne revealed that in the eternal state God will permanently dwell, or tabernacle, among the saved of all ages. They will be His people, and He will be their God. The voice also disclosed that five scourges of human existence will not exist in the eternal state—tears, death, sorrow, crying, and pain. The new order of things will eliminate all these forms of sadness (vv. 3-4). Furthermore, God promised to give water from the life-giving fountain to everyone who was thirsty. This promise is a vivid reminder of the refreshment and satisfaction believers throughout the ages will enjoy in heaven. In the eternal state, God will satisfy the yearnings of the soul. This assurance is grounded in the Lord’s own nature. Those who overcome in this life will receive an eternal inheritance and an eternal relationship. They will be the eternal children of the eternal God (v. 7).

4. Conclusion

This essay has sought to elaborate on the concept of progressive covenantalism, as broached by Patton and Dyck. It is a new working model for comprehending the relationship between the Old and New Testaments. The goal is to articulate a consistent understanding of how to put together seemingly heterogeneous portions of Scripture. This integrating motif asserts that God’s progressive revelation of His covenants is an extension of the kingdom blessings He first introduced in creation. Affiliated claims are that the various covenants revealed in Scripture are interrelated and build on one another, that the people of God throughout the history of salvation are united, and that they equally share in His eschatological promises.

As Patton and Dyck have noted, and as the findings of this essay affirm, there are five advantages to progressive covenantalism: 1) it seeks to synthesize the valid points of all relevant positions; 2) it understands that converted, ethnic Israel has a future; 3) it understands that the establishment of the Church is an advancement of God’s kingdom program, just as the creation of the nation of Israel was an advancement of it; 4) it recognizes the historic and future unity of all the people of God; and 5) it focuses on the sovereignty and grace of God as expressed through His covenants. In this approach, the divine eschatological program is not akin to a ship with separate, watertight compartments; rather, it is like a flowing river in which there is coherence and fluidity.

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1 The idea for the title of the present article came from the essay by Shelton 2004. This is a preliminary draft of an essay that will eventually be published in a peer-reviewed theological journal. All rights reserved.

2 Patton and Dyck 2005.

3 Feinberg 1988a; cf. Blaising and Bock 1993; Willis and Master 1994.

4 As a disclaimer, my elaboration of what Patton and Dyck have proposed concerning progressive covenantalism reflects my own views, not necessarily theirs.

5 1994:182; italics are his.

6 For differing views on various aspects of the intertextuality between the testaments, cf. Balentine 1981:41-57; Black 1971:1-14; Bock 1985a:209-220; Bock 1985b:306-316; Evans 1986:25-32; Fensham 1971:82-94; Holbrook 1974:127-141; Nakarai 1978:81-89; Roehrs 1984:204-216; Simian-Yofre 1998:267-298; G. Wehemeier 1971:30-42; Weir 1982:65-76.

7 Cf. Blaising 1992:23-39; Saucy 1993:26-27; for an examination of dispensational positions of discontinuity, cf. Feinberg 1988b:63-86.

8 For a summary of classic dispensational teachings regarding Israel and church, cf. Yip 2001:2-19.

9 Regarding the fundamental homogeneity and continuity between the testaments, cf. Lioy 2005:15-16.

10 Cf. the following website: www.gospelpedlar.com/cov_dis.html.

11 Moore 2000:23; cf. Hoekema 1979:274.

12 For an overview of the development of the doctrine of the covenant in post-Reformation theology, as well as twentieth-century trends of the interpretations of the doctrine of the covenant, cf. Kil Ho Lee 1993:4-21.

13 König 1994:182.

14 Akins 1995:249-250; Beckwith 1987:98-99; Jocz 1968:68, 225; König 1994:183; Shelton 2004:21, 34. For a summary of recent biblical scholarship on the definition and taxonomy of covenant, cf. Hahn 2005:263-292. For a detailed study of how the covenant concept is defined and deployed in the Old Testament, cf. Jocz 1968:17-82; Lane 2000. For an examination of the relationship between covenant and promise in the Old Testament, especially in connection with the history of redemption, cf. McComiskey 1985:59-93. For an in-depth look at the meaning of covenant in both testaments, cf. McKenzie 2000. For an examination of the covenantal structure of the Bible, cf. Harless 2004:49-65. For an overview of the divine program of redemption within a covenant paradigm, cf. Most 1967:1-19. For an analysis of various proposals concerning the theological center of the Old Testament, cf. Hasel 1991:139-171.

15 Matthews 2000:vii.

16 Cf. Jacob 1958:136.

17 Matthews 2000:7; cf. Freedman 1964:419; Nicholson 1986:209-210, 216; Payne 1962:73-74; Van Groningen 1990:59.

18 Williamson 2003:139; cf. Kent 1985:289; Walton 1994:24-46.

19 McKenzie 2000:8; cf. Dyrness 1977:113; Eichrodt 1961:1:36, 502-511; Fensham 1971: 94; Freedman 1964:419; Jacob 1958:211; Jocz 1968:9, 227; Mendenhall and Herion 1992:1:1179, 1201; Shelton 2004:24, 34-35; Shelton 2005:36, 43; Thompson 1979:1:791.

20 Williamson 2000:420; cf. the discussion presented by Walton 1994:47-62.

21 Bratcher 1987:24; Shelton 2004:24.

22 Cf. Osterhaven 2001:301-303; Vos 2000:23.

23 For an examination of the covenant concept in reformed theology, cf. Murray 1953:3-32; VanGemeren 1988:37-62.

24 Grudem 1994:518-519.

25 Cf. the extensive discussion offered by McComiskey 1985:179-192.

26 Robertson 1980:55.

27 Sometimes referred to as the covenant of creation; cf. Hos 6:7.

28 Cf. the detailed analysis put forward by McComiskey 1985:213-221.

29 Cf. Dumbrell 1984:43-46.

30 Matthews 2000:7-8; cf. Grudem, 1994:516-517; Shelton, 2005:45.

31 Rendtorff 1989:386, 388, 393.

32 Brown 1996:289; cf. Robertson 1980:27, 44-45, 62; VanGemeren, 1990:86, 280.

33 McKenzie 2000:47.

34 Cf. Lioy 2004:40-46, 65-70; Lioy 2005:53-55; Ross 1988:95. For a discussion of how the Genesis account of the garden of Eden is pivotal to making sense of what Scripture teaches regarding the people of Israel, cf. Och 1988:143-156. For an explanation of how Genesis 1—2 can be understood covenantally, cf. Dumbrell 1984:33-39; Harless 2004:69-81; Nwachukwu 2002:43-69; Robertson 1980:67-92. For an argument against the notion of an all-embracing covenant between God and His creation in the period before the biblical Flood, cf. Williamson 2000:420-421; Williamson 2003:141-143.

35 Van Groningen 1996:125.

36 With respect to the immediate context of Genesis 1:26-28 as it pertains to the mandate of human beings to serve as God’s vice-regents over the earth, cf. Lioy 2005:51-52.

37 Also known as the Edenic covenant.

38 Cf. Grudem 1994:519; Payne 1962:96; Payne 1973:157-158. For discussion of how Genesis 3:15 can be understood covenantally, cf. Harless 2004:83-91; Nwachukwu 2002:69-73; Robertson 1980:93-107. For an examination of the centrality of the covenant of grace to Calvin’s teaching, cf. Hoekema 1967:133-161.

39 Cf. Dyrness 1977:116; Kaiser 1978:35-37, 78-79.

40 Van Groningen 1990:110; cf. Kidner 1967:70-72; Hamilton 1990:199-200; Kaiser 1995:37-38; Klooster 1988:140-144; Leupold 1942:163-170; Peacock 1995:35-36.

41 Peacock 1995:2-3, 6-7, 12, 51-64, 236-239; cf. Shelton 2004:7-8, 21.

42 Smith 1993:149.

43 For example, as expressed in the Ten Commandments and the Sermon on the Mount; for a detailed analysis of the interrelationship between these two portions of Scripture, cf. Lioy 2004.

44 Compton 1986:161-180; Cranfield 1983:2:576-577; Edgar 1997:15-17; Harrison 1976:10:123-123; Holwerda 1995:168-170; Morris 1988:420-421; Murray 1968:2:96-100; Nwachukwu 2002:241-243, 248; Payne 1973:541; Pierce 1994:35-36; Poythress 1994:134-135; Schreiner 1998:614-623; for a discussion of the distinctive future of ethnic Israel in God’s eschatological plan, cf. Blaising 2001:435-450; Burns 1992:188-229; Feinberg 1988b:81-83; Kaiser 1988:301-303; Master 1994:103; Saucy 1993:297-323; Ware 1992:92-96.

45 Barker 1982:5.

46 Cf. Saucy 1993:198-202.

47 Boice 1976:507; Bruce 1982:274-275; Guthrie 1981:152; Hays 2000:11:345-346; Hendriksen 1995:246-247; Holwerda 1995:169; Lightfoot 1982:224-225; Ridderbos 1984:227; Silva 1996:184.

48 Williamson 2003:154.

49 Guinan 1992:4:908.

50 Merrill 1987:1-2.

51 Merrill 1987:3.

52 Keumyoung 1989:abstract; cf. 373-375.

53 For an extensive discussion of the messianic meaning of the Davidic covenant, cf. Akins 1995:157-228.

54 Kaiser 1972:17; cf. the extensive discussion on the new covenant made by Kaiser 1978:231-235.

55 Malone 1989:230; McKenzie 2000:6,

56 Feinberg 1976:6:574-575.

57 Thompson 1980:580; cf. Keown, Scalise, and Smothers 1995:133.

58 For a detailed discussion of the biblical concept of the law, cf. Lioy 2004:13-34.

59 Cf. Malone 1989:211-213.

60 Barker 1982:6.

61 Campbell 1993:182.

62 Thompson 1979:1:792; cf. Dumbrell 1984:175, 184-185, 199-200.

63 McKenzie 2000:107; cf. Shelton 2005:49.

64 McKenzie 2000:59.

65 Barker 1982:6.

66 McKenzie 2000:89; cf. Kaiser 1978:233-234.

67 DeSilva 2001:24.

68 Newman 1997:248-249.

69 Cf. Jocz 1968:243-245; Malone 1989:211.

70 König 1994:183; cf. the author’s lucid comments on pp. 184-189.

71 Kuyper 1967:13.

72 Saucy 1993:28; Ware 1992:96-97.

73 Karlberg 1987:4. The author states that the primary objective of his essay is to “indicate how the old and new covenants differ in ‘mode of administration’”. In addition to such familiar distinctions as “promise and fulfillment, shadow and reality,” the author discusses the “temporal conditions and regulations” of the old covenant as well as its restriction to “one nation under the old economy” (Karlberg 1987:4-5; cf. Jocz 1968:238; Kil Ho Lee 1993:40-44).

74 Gerstner 2000:225-228; Saucy 1992:142-151; Saucy 1993:163-165.

75 For an affirmation of the unity of the people of God throughout salvation history, cf. Mathison 1995:38-42; Woudstra 1988:221-238. For an affirmation of clear-cut distinctions between ethnic Israel and the church throughout salvation history, cf. Fruchtenbaum 1994:113-130; Ryrie 1980:137-140; Saucy 1988:239-259.

76 Campbell 1997:205, 208.

77 Cf. Compton 1986:258-265.

78 Poythress 1994:123.

79 Van Groningen 1996:131.

80 For a detailed discussion of the New Jerusalem, cf. Lioy 2003:148-155.

Related Topics: Dispensational / Covenantal Theology

The Net Pastor's Journal, Eng Ed, Issue 25 Fall 2017

Fall 2017 Edition
Author: Dr. Roger Pascoe, President,
The Institute for Biblical Preaching
Cambridge, Ontario, Canada
(http://tibp.ca/)

C:\Users\Roger\Documents\My Documents\Institute for Biblical Preaching\Forms, Binder Cover Page, Logo\IBP Logos\IBP Logo.jpg

“Strengthening the Church in Biblical Preaching and Leadership”

Part I: The Power For Preaching, Pt. 8

“Ten Suggestions For Powerful Preaching”

1. To Preach With Power, A Preacher Must Identify His Call

A preacher must identify his call – both the call to become a Christian and also the call of God to preach.

It would be no good for a preacher to study and prepare messages if he were not a Christian. We cannot preach to others effectively if we ourselves are not convinced of it and have experienced conversion. We cannot “preach Christ” if we do not know Christ.

Preachers must be “even more diligent to make your calling and election sure” (2 Pet 1:10). Those whom “God predestined, them he also called” (Rom. 8:30). We cannot be sure of the calling of God to preach if we are not sure of the effectual calling of God on our lives.

Once we are sure that we are born again, then we must examine whether God truly called us to preach. Many preachers realize later that this vocation was not what God called them to. There are many other gifts that God has given which must be exercised in and for the church but which do not include preaching. Just because we feel the desire to serve God does not mean it is in a preaching ministry.

2. To Preach With Power, A Preacher Must Adopt A High VIew Of Scripture

Many preachers may have a persuasive way with their congregations, but not have a high view of Scripture. Consequently, their preaching will lack spiritual power. The power that comes from God in preaching is available only to those who have embraced the absolute trustworthiness of inspired Scripture.

A preacher should not enter the pulpit without the absolute conviction of the inspiration of the Scriptures. You cannot preach with authority unless and until you can say of the Bible that is totally accurate and authoritative. You cannot in truth say “Thus says the Lord” unless you believe the Bible to be fully God’s Word without reservation.

3. To Preach With Power, A Preacher Must Accept The Call To Preach As A Call Above All Other Duties

If we have been called to be a Christian, and called to preach the inspired Word, then we must consider this vocation above all else. Nothing in our pastoral duties should in any way compromise our commitment to the preaching task. When we plan our week, we should put priority on the preparation and preaching of the Word. Other things and people will try to prioritize their needs and wishes on our daily and weekly schedules. But nothing else can squeeze out the priority of preaching and the preparation for preaching.

We must do our very best to be ready for preaching each Sunday and the only way to do that is to manage our time diligently, giving priority to the preaching task. You cannot preach with spiritual power unless you spend the time in preparation during the week.

4. To Preach With Power, A Preacher Must Learn To Preach The Word

Our lifetime goal must be to preach the Bible. “Preach the Word. Be instant in season and out of season” (2 Tim 4:2). No matter what the circumstances or whether we feel like it, our mandate is to preach the Word - nothing else.

The expository preaching of the Word is the responsibility of the preacher in order to communicate God’s message to God’s people. We must, therefore, know the scope of Scripture so that we can preach “the whole counsel of God” (Acts 20:27).

Messages that centre on our own thoughts or someone else’s thoughts are not the subject of biblical preaching. We must stick with the Word of God in order for God to bless that Word to his people.

We must preach the text of Scripture in its grammatical and historical context. The allegorical interpretation of Scripture must be limited to what is truly allegorical. Only when we analyze the text in its syntactical and grammatical structure, and in its historical and theological context, can we properly and accurately preach the Word.

In addition, it is important to be Christological in our analysis and study of Scripture, since salvation history is the focus of the Bible from beginning to end. God honours preaching that honours Christ.

5. To Preach With Power, A Preacher Should Not Focus On The Results

A preacher must never become enamoured with himself and the results of his ministry. Rather than focusing on what we can see and measure, we must focus on Christ’s call and the holy task he has called us to, leaving the results to him.

God does not bless anything that is done for the glory of the flesh. On the other hand, a preacher must not get down on himself just because he does not see any response to his preaching. This focus too is an act of self-centredness and pride. Whether anybody responds is not the issue. Our motivation to preach is that God has called us and we must leave the results to him.

6. To Preach With Power, A Preacher Must Possess A Passion For Personal Purity, Growth, And Prayer

God will not bless you with spiritual power if you are going on with sin in your life. A preacher must have a pure heart in order to have an audience with God. “If I regard iniquity in my heart the Lord will not hear me” (Ps. 66:18). We must have personal discipline like that of an athlete so that we can preach to others without ourselves being disqualified (1 Cor 9:27). God is a holy God and he wants us to be holy (1 Pet. 1:16; 1 Tim 3:2).

Preachers themselves need to grow in their faith and relationship with God before they can expect their congregation to grow in their spiritual lives. This means we must be men committed to deepening our intimacy with God and our knowledge of God through his Word.

We are to be genuine shepherds of the sheep, not hirelings (Jn. 10:11-14). Genuine shepherds will spend time with the Chief Shepherd in prayer, study, and meditation, as they develop spiritually.

7. To Preach With Power, A Preacher Must Incarnate His Sermons

The truth of the text must have done its work in the preacher first, before he preaches it to the congregation. The preacher must first apply the word to himself, and then to the people. He must be a living example of the truth of the word preached. Otherwise, his preaching has no power. You cannot preach what you do not obey and believe yourself.

Just as “the Word (himself) became flesh and dwelled among us” (Jn. 1:14) so we must embody the truth of God's word before our people. We must be the incarnation of the word we preach as spokespersons for the Living Word himself.

8. To Preach With Power, A Preacher Must Preach With The Knowledge That One Day We Will Stand Before Christ And Give An Account Of Our Preaching

We must not lose a sense of significance and value in our task. Over time, a preacher can easily get into a rut and lose a sense of the greatness of the task to which he has been called and the goodness of the One who has called him.

Preachers must believe that their work has eternal consequences and that their work is highly valued by God. They must prepare, expecting God to bless their sermons, and preach, fully expecting God to bless the preaching. They must preach with zeal and fervency expecting God to meet them there at that preaching moment.

We will all stand before the judgement seat of Christ and give an account of all our preaching – our motives, our preparation, our prayer life, our effort in study, and our earnestness in preaching. It will all be evaluated.

Thus, the people’s opinion of our preaching is not the vital issue. Rather, the ultimate issue is what God thinks of our ministry. Thus, our task must never become mundane or familiar to us. We must serve the Lord Jesus Christ, knowing that one day we will face him as to how we fulfilled the task he gave us. Let us preach in view of that day.

9. To Preach With Power, A Preacher Must Apply The Truth Of God’s Word To The Lives Of The People

We must impress on the hearts of the people the truth of the Word to which we challenge them to respond. Accuracy in interpretation is not enough. We must deliver a specific message from God to this people at this time.

Our understanding of the Word must be preached with a view to changing the lives of the people to correspond to that Word. Preachers are not called to impress people with their grammatical knowledge or interpretive skills. Rather, preachers are called to compel the people to act on the truth of the Word of God. They must ask God to make them powerful in the exhortation and application of the Word as they challenge people to respond to it.

10. To Preach With Power, A Preacher Must Preach With A Passion For Souls

A pastor must have a heart for what God has a heart for – namely, the salvation of souls. That is what it is all about. That’s why God sent his Son to die. That’s why God calls people to himself.

There is rejoicing in heaven over a sinner who comes to repentance. Since this is so, we must preach to that end, so that our preaching will bring joy to God. We must call for repentance from sin and the reception of Christ as Saviour.

This is what God wants. He is “not willing that any should perish but that all should come to repentance” (2 Pet. 3:9). Therefore, our goal must be to bring people to repentance through the preaching of God’s good news.

Part II: Preparing For Preaching

“Drafting the Sermon-in-a-Sentence”

Once you have formulated your main points (i.e. the outline of the body of your sermon), the next step is drafting the thesis (overall idea) of your sermon. I like to call this your “sermon-in-a-sentence.” This usually forms part of your introduction.

You may draft it at this point or you may not be able to draft it until further down the road of preparation (perhaps even at the end). But if possible, it is best to draft it now as it gives you direction for preparing the rest of the sermon because all the main points of the exposition must relate to and grow out of this thesis statement. That is why you need to write out your thesis statement (“sermon-in-a-sentence”) if possible before you start drafting the sermon.

The sermon-in-a-sentence is the overall point that the biblical passage is making. It is the sermonic idea which is developed from the main idea of the text. It is an idea, a proposal, a subject to be considered. Greg Heisler puts it this way: “It is the main idea of the text (stated) in a clear, pregnant, and theologically loaded sentence that your audience will never forget.” [Greg Heisler, Spirit Led Preaching (Nashville: B & H, 2007), 77]. J. H. Jowett said: No man was really prepared to preach until he was able to summarize his message into one single, well-formulated sentence.” [Quoted by William Fitch in “The Glory of Preaching” (Christianity Today, January 20, 1967)].

This is the core of the message; the sermon in a nutshell. It is like the pithy, catchy, condensed headline that journalists use to not only catch your attention but to sum up the whole article. This thesis statement expresses the whole point you are going to make. It is the thrust of your message - what you want the people to know if they don’t remember anything else. It summarizes the teaching of the entire sermon.

Therefore, like main points, the sermon-in-a-sentence will…

1. … be expressed in either the present or future tenses, and

2. … apply to all people of all times.

A. What Is The Purpose Of A Sermon-In-A-Sentence Statement?

Its purpose is…

1. To summarize the message of the exposition. It ties together all the ideas expressed in the main points of your sermon outline.

2. To unify the entire exposition.

3. To direct the congregation to what you are going to preach. That’s why I state my proposition in the introduction.

4. To establish the sermon structure.

B. A Sermon-In-A-Sentence Usually Falls Into One Of Four Types

1. An Argument To Be Proven Or A Point To Be Answered.

The purpose of this kind of statement is that you want the audience to be convinced. You are answering the questions: “Is this true? What is your proof?”

2. An Idea Or Concept To Be Explained Or Restated.

The purpose of this kind of statement is that you want them to understand.

You are answering the question: “What does this mean?”

3. An Exhortation Or Appeal To Be Obeyed.

The purpose of this kind of statement is that you want them to be motivated.

You are answering the questions: “Why should I care? What difference does it make in my life? How does this apply to me?”

4. A Principle To Be Believed.

The purpose of this kind of statement is that you want them to accept this truth.

You are answering the question: “Why should I believe this?”

All these types of thesis statements have as their goal that the people be persuaded and demonstrate that persuasion by responding in faith and obedience.

C. Various Forms For Sermon-In-A-Sentence Statements

There are various ways that you can structure your propositional statement.

1. A question which you will answer

2. A declaration which you will prove or explain

3. An exhortation which you will promote – e.g. “Let us…”; “We should…”

Where possible, try to make your sermon-in-a-sentence statement applicable to your audience. You can do this by using “we”, “you”, and “our”, so that the people know that this message is for them today – not simply a message from an ancient text. This makes your sermon more relevant to your people by showing them that the main thrust of your sermon is directed toward them.

D. Examples Of Some Of My Sermon-In-A-Sentence Statements

Perhaps it will be helpful for you to see some examples of some of my sermon-in-a-sentence statements.

Psalm 1, “The way of the godly and ungodly never meet.”

Gen. 21:8-21, “As darkness precedes dawn, so trouble often precedes triumph.”

Gen. 32:22-32, “The night of agony always comes before the dawn of relief.”

Ex. 3:1-10, “God is the God who appears to ordinary people in ordinary circumstances and reveals to them the extraordinary.”

Jn. 1:1-5, “We behold the glory of God in Christ, who has perfectly and fully revealed God to us, for He is God.”

Jn. 1:6-13, “Christ is the true Light who has come into the world to show us the way to God.”

Jn. 3:22-46, “An authentic ministry is one that magnifies Christ so that he becomes everything and we become nothing.”

Jn. 4:46-54, “Faith in God’s word is the remedy for all our needs.”

1 Cor. 2:1-5, “Power in preaching comes from the Word of God and the Spirit of God, not human wisdom or words.”

Gal. 3:10-14, “The only means of acceptance by God is through Christ by faith.”

Phil. 1:27-30, “A gospel-driven church consistently enhances the gospel in conduct and courage.”

Phil. 3:1-14, “Genuine conversion produces genuine change.”

1 Thess. 1:1-10, “God-centred people walk and talk the gospel.”

1 Tim. 3:14-16, “The message of the church to the world is the truth about Christ.”

Heb. 11:8-10, “Faith gives an eternal perspective in the midst of the temporal.”

Heb. 12:18-24, “The only acceptable means of approach to God is through Jesus Christ and his redeeming work.”

2 Pet. 1:16-21, “We can be certain about the return of Christ because of the trustworthiness of our source.”

Part III: Devotional Exposition

“The Minister’s Responsibility, Pt. 1: “Misconceptions Concerning the Christian Ministry” (1 Cor. 3:5-17)

By: Dr. Stephen F. Olford

Introduction. We have seen that the first root cause of division in the church at Corinth was the misconception concerning the Christian message. Now the Apostle turns to the second, which is the misconception of the Christian ministry. Already he has anticipated his subject, but now he deals with it in more detail. The two main considerations that he has in view are, first, the minister’s responsibility to God (3:5-17), and second, the minister’s accountability to God (3:18-4:5). Let us deal with these in turn, the first in this article, and the second next time.

The key verse which opens up this paragraph is a tremendous statement. Paul says, “…We are God’s fellow workers; you are God’s field (husbandry), you are God’s building (temple)” (1 Corinthians 3:9). The emphasis in each case here is on the word “God.” This underscores strongly the fact that the human instruments are secondary. God is first, and therefore God must be sovereign in all areas of Christian life and service. Having stated that all Christian workers are co-laborers with God, Paul indicates two areas in which the minister is responsible. The first is in the area of “God’s husbandry” and the second is in the area of “God’s building.” Let us consider these in order, giving special attention to the second metaphor which Paul employs.

I. God’s Husbandry

Paul says, “I have planted, Apollos watered, but God gave the increase” (1 Cor. 3:6). To introduce his treatment of this aspect of Christian service, the Apostle asks, “Who then is Paul, and who is Apollos, but ministers by whom you believed, as the Lord gave to each one?” (1 Corinthians 3:5). Here Paul employs the neuter gender to take attention away from the preachers and concentrate it on their function. Then he answers his own question and points out that they were nothing more than ministers by whom the Corinthians believed.

The word “ministers” is often used in the New Testament of service Christians render to God. It is clear that Paul is stressing the lowly character of the servant before his Master. In all service it is ridiculous to glorify the minister, rather than the Master who employs him. Paul and Apollos were nothing more than mere instruments through whom God had worked in the church at Corinth. To emphasize this, the Apostle describes ministry within God’s husbandry as follows:

1) Paul was the Planter. “I have planted…” (1 Cor. 3:6). Now planting is a very important work, but the life principle is not in the man who plants; it is rather in the seed that he plants. No planter has completed his responsibility unless he has put the seed into the soil; but he knows better than anyone that he cannot communicate life to that seed. 

2) Apollos was the Waterer. “…Apollos watered…” (1 Cor. 3:6). Like planting, watering is absolutely necessary to the growth and development of the seed. But once again the secret of growth is in the seed itself. It needs to be put into the soil and it requires watering, but the life principle that presently is to express itself in the harvest is not in the man who plants or the man who waters, but in the God who gives the increase. It is instructive to observe that the perfect tense is used for planting and watering, but the continuous tense is used for the divine activity in giving the increase. Paul and Apollos had done their work, but God was continuing to give the increase. This is how it has been down through the centuries. Ministers have come and ministers have gone, but God continues forever in blessing His church. All this is necessary in order that men might know that he who plants is nothing, and he who waters is nothing, but God who gives the increase is everything (v. 7). Planters and waterers will receive a reward according to their labors (v. 8), but that is simply because they are mere servants, answering to the Master as responsible men and women. But now we turn to Paul’s other metaphor which he elaborates at greater length.

II. God’s Building

As we have just observed, Paul has been discussing the work of God in terms of agriculture, but now he turns to a more illustrative figure of speech. He declares that God’s work is a building, and that working for God is building for eternity. As we address ourselves to the Apostle’s teaching on this subject, let us not deflect the truth from ourselves to the preachers and teachers who are said to be Paul’s target here. We must remember that God’s word, however considered, has a challenge for every believing heart. We now consider three important matters which are involved in building for eternity:

1) There Must Be Right Motives. Paul sums these motives up in the words, “According to the grace of God which was given to me, as a wise master builder I have laid the foundation…” (1 Cor. 3:10). If we build for God, then our motives must ever spring from the grace of God in us. Fundamentally, this includes:

a) Being Saved by Grace. “For by grace you have been saved through faith, and that not of yourselves; it is the gift of God” (Eph. 2:8). In the context of this statement, Paul declared that those who are not saved are spiritually dead. Dead men cannot build. There must be salvation by grace, for only in a saved life can the right motives be found. So in declaring that Paul was a wise master-builder according to the grace a God, he certainly includes God’s saving grace.

b) Being Made by Grace. “…by the grace of God I am what I am…” (1 Cor. 15:10). With Paul, the believer must be able to recognize an active work of grace operating in the life, purifying and adjusting all motives to conform to the will of God. When Paul says, “According to the grace of God,” he has in mind not only God’s work of salvation, but also of sanctification.

c) Being Called by Grace. “…it pleased God, who separated me from my mother’s womb, and called me by his grace, to reveal his Son in me, that I might preach him…” (Gal. 1:15, 16). Only when brought under the sense of such a call can the believer know the joy of pure motives. This is essentially what is implied in verse 10 of our text. Through grace we know not only salvation, and sanctification, but also God’s enabling power for service (v. 10). Paul is stressing the insignificance of God’s ministers outside of divine grace and power.

The right motives are those which attribute to the grace of God not only the authority, but the ability and ambition to build for eternity. In the next place:

2) There Must Be Right Methods. The Apostle tells us that as builders we must take heed how we build (v. 10). He then proceeds to show that the right methods of building are those which are rightly related to the right foundation, Jesus Christ, once and for all laid. His words are, “…as a wise master-builder, I have laid the foundation…for no other foundation can anyone lay than that which is laid, which is Jesus Christ” (1 Cor. 3:10-11). In practical terms, such a relating of our methods to the foundation demands three important things:

a) The Magnifying of the Worth of Jesus Christ. In coming to Corinth Paul said: “For I determined not to know anything among you except Jesus Christ and Him crucified” (1 Cor. 2:2). In this very paragraph he adds, “…The Lord knows the thoughts of the wise, that they are futile. Therefore let no one glory in men…” (1 Cor. 3:20, 21). The Apostle made sure that nothing he did would bring discredit upon the matchless worth and glory of his Lord and Master. You and I must also test our methods of building by such a standard. We must constantly ask ourselves: Does this or that particular service magnify or minimize the worth of our Lord?

b) The Magnifying of the Work of Jesus Christ. Paul’s determination was not to know anything among the Corinthians, “…save Jesus Christ, and Him crucified” (2:2). This was ever Paul’s method of procedure in all his work of building. Writing to the Galatians he says: “But God forbid that I should glory except in the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ, by whom the world has been crucified to me, and I to the world” (Gal. 6:14). He knew that the cross spells out death to anything which is not of God. Indeed, this has been his whole argument in the preceding verses of this Epistle. Likewise, we must see to it that in our preaching, teaching, and working for God we do nothing which minimizes the work of Christ, “…lest the cross of Christ be made of no effect” (1 Cor. 1:17).

c) The Magnifying of the Word of Jesus Christ. In this very same verse (1 Corinthians 1:17), Paul declares with emphasis that “…Christ sent me not to baptize, but to preach the gospel…” And he has spared no pains to declare what the gospel is. In fact, as we have seen throughout these studies, Paul has expounded not only something of the character, communion, communication, but also the comprehension of the gospel. The supreme message of the servant of the Lord is that of the word of the cross. You can observe how deeply the Apostle felt concerning this by way of his address to the Galatians in 1:8-10: “But even if we, or and angel from heaven, preach any other gospel to you than what we have preached to you, let him be accursed… if anyone preaches any other gospel to you than what you have received, let him be accursed. For do I now persuade men, or God? ...if I…pleased men, I would not be a servant of Christ.” Strong judgment is pronounced on those who do not base their message on God’s word. His solemn words cannot be misunderstood, and we need to take them to heart. Paul asserts that anything we do which does not magnify the word of the Lord Jesus Christ constitutes worthless service and will not stand the test of eternity. How important it is for us to rightly relate our methods to the worth, work, and word of our Lord Jesus Christ. Methods that in any way minimize the importance and efficacy of this foundation are doomed to failure. Therefore, we need to carefully test our methods before we build a brick higher. Lastly, notice that:

3) There Must Be Right Materials. “Now if anyone builds on this foundation with gold, silver, precious stones, wood, hay, straw, each one’s work will become manifest: for the Day will declare it, because it will be revealed by fire; and the fire will test each one’s work, of what sort it is” (1 Cor. 3:12-13). When speaking of these materials, Paul evidently had in mind an event which had occurred at Corinth. A fire had burned through that city and left behind some important lessons for every observer. The carefully built edifices of gold, silver, and precious stones, being marble slabs and granite, had survived, but the poor little hovels of walls stuffed with hay and rough thatched stubble had burnt to the ground. The wise builders with right motives, methods, and materials had saved everything, but the others had lost all but their own lives. So Paul is saying that it is vitally important that we use the right materials. With this symbolic language, Paul teaches that “gold, silver, precious stones” represents:

a) Service that Shall be Rewarded. “Each one’s work will become manifest; for the Day will declare it, because it will be revealed by fire; and the fire will test each one’s work, of what sort it is. If anyone’s work which he has built on it endures, he will receive a reward” (1 Corinthians 3:13-14). That “day” will be an awesome occasion. All believers will be present and their service for the Master will be tested by the searching fire of the judgment seat of Christ. The service which will win the Savior’s approval, and gain the servant’s reward, is described as “gold, silver, precious stones.” The gold speaks of Spiritual Service, for gold is ever symbolic of the nature of God. Spiritual service can only be accomplished in the power of the Holy Spirit. How important, therefore, to know the fullness and anointing of the Holy Spirit for everything we do. The silver speaks of Sacrificial Service. In the Word of God, silver is always typical of Christ’s sacrifice and redemption (see Exodus 30:11-15). To be acceptable to God, service must be sacrificial and redemptive and rendered in the strength of gratitude to Christ for His Calvary love. The precious stones speak of Steadfast Service. These do not refer to a variety of jewels as is generally supposed, but to the numerous marble and granite stones of great buildings, such as the magnificent temple of Diana at Ephesus, which was considered absolutely fireproof and indestructible. These stones represent the steadfast and unmovable faith and work in which the believer is to abound. Here, then, are the characteristics of the good service. The Apostle reminds us that the fire itself shall “test (prove) each one’s work.” Wood, hay, and stubble, on the other hand, represent:

b) Service that Shall be Rejected. “If anyone’s work is burned, he will suffer loss…” (1 Cor. 3:15). Wood, hay, and stubble are perishable materials and have their own symbolic meaning. The wood speaks of Careless Service. It represents man’s independent skill, energy, and power. Hay speaks of Worthless Service. It appears showy and bulky, but it costs nothing in terms of sacrifice. Stubble speaks of Useless Service (see Job 21:18). It signifies the tasks which are done with base ends in view. These are the characteristics of the service which will never stand the test of fire. Indeed, as the Apostle says, “…If anyone’s work shall be burned, he shall suffer loss…” (1 Cor. 3:15). What a dreadful experience it will be to see one’s so-called service for God go up in smoke, and then have the unutterable shame of picking up the charred embers of a careless, worthless, and useless life and pressing them into the pierced hand of the Master, and having nothing to say except, “This is all I have to offer You from my life.”

Conclusion. Paul sums up this searching passage with some terrifying words. He asks: “Do you not know that you are the temple of God and that the Spirit of God dwells in you? If anyone defiles the temple of God, God will destroy him. For the temple of God is holy, which temple you are” (1 Cor. 3:16-17). Paul is saying that the church is the temple of God, indwelt by the Holy Spirit. Failure to build with right motives, methods, and materials is to destroy the temple of God. Those guilty of such a crime will themselves be destroyed by God. In light of this solemn fact, our responsibility as ministers and Christian workers is to build the temple, and not destroy it. The term “destroy” means to “injure, spoil, mar, or harm.” The Apostle distinctly affirms that if any man spoils, injures, or harms the temple, God will spoil them. Let us take to heart these austere words that come from the very throne of God. Let us remember what constitutes the responsibility of ministers of God. According to Paul, we are co-laborers with God in the tasks of planting and watering in God’s husbandry, and of building and serving in God’s temple. In both aspects, we are answerable to heaven for everything we do. God grant that in that day we shall not suffer eternal loss, but rather receive a full reward hearing the Master’s “…Well done, good and faithful servant. Enter into the joy of your Lord” (Matthew 25:21). 

Part III: Sermon Outlines

To listen to the audio version of these sermons in English, click on these links: Jn. 14:1-2, Pt. 1; Jn. 14:2, Pt. 2, Jn. 14:3-6, Pt. 3

Title: I am the way, the truth, and the life

Point #1: Jesus has the remedy for troubled hearts (1)

1. Stop being troubled

2. Keep on trusting

Point #2: Jesus has the assurance for troubled hearts (2-6)

1. Jesus assures us of the existence of heaven (2)

a) Because Jesus has promised it

b) Because Jesus has prepared it

2. Jesus assures us of the entrance to heaven (3)

a) Because Jesus is coming again

b) Because Jesus is taking us there

3. Jesus assures us of the direction to heaven (4-6)

a) Because Jesus is the way

b) Because Jesus is the truth

c) Because Jesus is the life

Related Topics: Pastors

Jurnalul Electronic Al Păstorilor, Rom Ed 25, Editia de toamnă 2017

Ediția de Toamnă 2017
Autor: Dr. Roger Pascoe, Președinte,
Institutul Pentru Predicare Biblică
Cambridge, Ontario, Canada
(http://tibp.ca/)

C:\Users\Roger\Documents\My Documents\Institute for Biblical Preaching\Forms, Binder Cover Page, Logo\IBP Logos\IBP Logo.jpg

Întărind biserica în predicare biblică şi conducere

Partea I: Puterea Predicării, Pt. 8

„Zece sugestii pentru o predicare plină de putere”

1. Pentru A Predica Cu Putere, Predicatorul Trebuie Să-Și Identifice Chemarea

Predicatorul trebuie să-și cunoască chemarea – atât chemarea de a deveni creștin, cât și chemarea lui Dumnezeu la slujirea prin predicare.

Nu este bine ca predicatorul să studieze și să pregătească mesaje dacă nu este creștin. Nu le putem predica altora în mod eficient dacă noi înșine nu suntem convinși și dacă nu am experimentat convertirea. Nu putem să-L „predicăm pe Hristos” dacă nu Îl cunoaștem pe Hristos.

Predicatori, voi trebuie să „căutaţi cu atât mai mult să vă întăriţi chemarea şi alegerea voastră” (2 Pet. 1:10)! Aceia pe care „pe care i-a hotărât mai dinainte, i-a şi chemat” (Rom. 8:30). Noi nu putem fi siguri de chemarea lui Dumnezeu la predicare dacă nu suntem siguri de chemarea Sa eficace pentru viețile noastre.

Odată ce suntem siguri că am fost născuți din nou, trebuie să verificăm dacă Dumnezeu ne-a chemat într-adevăr să predicăm. Mulți predicatori își dau seama mai târziu că Dumnezeu nu îi chemase, de fapt, la lucrarea de predicare. Sunt multe alte daruri pe care Dumnezeu le dă și care trebuie exercitate în biserică și pentru biserică, însă care nu includ predicarea. Dorința de a-L sluji pe Dumnezeu nu înseamnă neapărat implicarea în lucrarea de predicare.

2. Pentru A Predica Cu Putere, Predicatorul Trebuie Să Aibă O Mare Considerație Față De Scriptură

Mulți predicatori au un stil persuasiv în predicare, însă nu au o mare considerație față de Scriptură. Prin urmare, predicarea lor va fi lipsită de putere spirituală. Puterea lui Dumnezeu în predicare este doar pentru cei care acceptă veridicitatea absolută a Scripturii inspirate.

Predicatorul nu trebuie să meargă la amvon dacă nu are convingerea absolută a inspirtației Scripturii. Nu poți predica cu autoritate decât dacă și doar atunci când crezi în acuratețea și autoritatea absolută a Bibliei. Nu poți spune cu adevărat: „Așa vorbește Domnul”, decât dacă crezi fără rezerve că Biblia este în întregime Cuvântul lui Dumnezeu.

3. Pentru A Predica Cu Putere, Predicatorul Trebuie Să Accepte Chemarea La Predicare Ca Fiind Mai Presus De Orice Altă Îndatorire

Dacă am fost chemați să fim creștini și să predicăm Cuvântul inspirat, atunci trebuie să considerăm această vocație ca fiind deasupra tuturor celorlalte. Nimic din celelalte îndatoriri pastorale nu trebuie să compromită în vreun fel angajamentul nostru față de sarcina predicării. Atunci când ne planificăm timpul, trebuie să avem ca prioritate pregătirea și predicarea Cuvântului. Oamenii și celelalte lucruri vor încerca să ne facă să acordăm prioritate nevoilor și dorințelor lor, însă nimic nu trebuie să ne forțeze să renunțăm la prioritatea predicării și a pregătirii pentru predicare.

Trebuie să facem tot ce ne stă în putință ca să fim pregătiți pentru a predica în fiecare duminică și nu vom reuși asta decât dacă ne folosim timpul cu mare atenție, acordând prioritate predicării. Predicarea ta nu va fi plină de putere spirituală dacă nu petreci timp suficient pregătindu-te în timpul săptămânii.

4. Pentru A Predica Cu Putere, Predicatorul Trebuie Să Învețe Să Predice Cuvântul

Scopul vieții noastre trebuie să fie predicarea Scripturii. „Propovăduieşte Cuvântul, stăruie asupra lui la timp şi nelatimp” (2 Tim. 4:2). Indiferent de circumstanțe sau de ceea ce simțim noi, mandatul nostru este să predicăm Cuvântul și nimic altceva nu este mai important.

Responsabilitatea predicatorului este predicarea expozitivă a Cuvântului, pentru ca astfel să reușească să transmită Cuvântul lui Dumnezeu poporului lui Dumnezeu. Așadar, noi trebuie să cunoaștem Scriptura în întregime, ca să putem predica „tot planul lui Dumnezeu” (Fapte 20:27).

Mesajele care au la bază propriile noastre idei sau ideile altcuiva nu pot fi subiectul unei predicări biblice. Trebuie să rămânem în Cuvântul lui Dumnezeu pentru ca Dumnezeu să binecuvânteze acel Cuvânt transmis poporului Său.

Trebuie să predicăm textul Scripturii în contextul său gramatical și istoric. Interpretarea alegorică a Scripturii trebuie limitată la ceea ce este într-adevăr alegoric. Noi predicăm în mod corect și potrivit Cuvântul numai atunci când analizăm textul ținând cont de structura sa sintactică și gramaticală, precum și de contextul său istoric și teologic.

Mai mult, în analizarea și studierea Scripturii, este important să avem o abordare cristologică, deoarece accentul Bibliei, de la un capăt la celălalt, cade pe istoria mântuirii. Dumnezeu onorează predicarea ce Îl onorează pe Hristos.

5. Pentru A Predica Cu Putere, Predicatorul Nu Trebuie Să Se Concentreze Pe Rezultatul Predicării

Predicatorul nu trebuie să se îndrăgostească de sine și de rezultatele slujirii sale. În loc să ne concentrăm pe ceea ce putem vedea și măsura, trebuie să ne concentrăm mai degrabă asupra chemării lui Hristos și asupra îndatoririi sfinte la care ne-a chemat, lăsând rezultatele în seama Lui.

Dumnezeu nu binecuvântează lucrurile făcute pentru gloria firii pământești. Pe de altă parte, predicatorul nu trebuie să se învinovățească dacă vede că predicarea sa nu dă niciun rezultat, pentru că și acesta este un act de mândrie și egoism. Nu răspunsul oamenilor este scopul predicării noastre, ci motivația noastră este faptul că El ne-a chemat la lucrarea aceasta. Rezultatele trebuie să le lăsăm în seama Lui.

6. Pentru A Predica Cu Putere, Predicatorul Trebuie Să Fie Însuflețit De Pasiunea Pentru Propria Curăție, Creștere Și Pentru Rugăciune

Dumnezeu nu te va binecuvânta cu putere spirituală dacă trăiești în păcat. Predicatorul trebuie să aibă o inimă curată dacă vrea să primească audiență la Dumnezeu. „Dacă aş fi cugetat lucruri nelegiuite în inima mea, nu m-ar fi ascultat Domnul” (Ps. 66:18). Trebuie să avem o disciplină personală precum un sportiv dacă vrem să putem predica altora fără să fim noi înșine descalificați (1 Cor 9:27). Dumnezeu este un Dumnezeu sfânt și El vrea ca și noi să fim sfinți (1 Pet. 1:16; 1 Tim. 3:2).

Predicatorii trebuie ca ei înșiși să crească în credință și în relația cu Dumnezeu înainte de a avea așteptarea ca biserica lor să crească din punct de vedere spiritual. Aceasta înseamnă că noi trebuie să fim bărbați hotărâți în ceea ce privește adâncirea intimității cu Dumnezeu și a cunoașterii lui Dumnezeu prin Cuvântul Său.

Noi trebuie să fim adevărați păstori pentru oi, și nu să fim ca niște păstori plătiți (Ioan 10:11-14). Adevărații păstori petrec timp cu Păstorul-Șef în rugăciune, studiu și meditație, crescând astfel din punct de vedere spiritual.

7. Pentru A Predica Cu Putere, Predicatorul Trebuie Să-Și Întrupeze Predicile

Adevărul textului trebuie să-și facă lucrarea în predicator în primul rând, înainte ca el să-l predice în fața bisericii. Predicatorul trebuie să-și aplice lui însuși cuvântul mai întâi și abia apoi să-l aplice celorlalți. El trebuie să fie un exemplu viu al adevărului cuvântului predicat. Altfel, predicarea lui va fi lipsită de putere. Nu poți predica ceea ce nu asculți și nu crezi tu însuți.

Așa cum „Cuvântul (Însuși) S-a făcut trup și a locuit printre noi” (Ioan 1:14), tot așa și noi trebuie să întrupăm adevărul Cuvântului lui Dumnezeu înaintea oamenilor noștri. Noi trebuie să fim întruparea cuvântului pe care îl predicăm ca purtători de cuvânt ai Cuvântului Viu.

8. Pentru A Predica Cu Putere, Predicatorul Trebuie Să Predice Știind Că Într-O Zi Vom Sta Înaintea Lui Hristos Și Vom Da Socoteală De Predicarea Noastră

Nu trebuie să uităm semnificația și valoarea sarcinii noastre. De-a lungul timpului, predicatorul poate intra într-o rutină, pierzând din vedere măreția sarcinii la care a fost chemat și bunătatea Celui care l-a chemat.

Predicatorii trebuie să creadă că lucrarea lor are consecințe veșnice și că lucrarea lor este prețuită de Dumnezeu. Ei trebuie să se pregătească, cu așteptarea ca Dumnezeu să binecuvânteze predicile lor și să predice, cu așteptarea ca Dumnezeu să binecuvânteze predicarea. Ei trebuie să predice cu zel și pasiune, așteptându-se ca Dumnezeu să le iasă în cale chiar în momentul predicării.

Cu toții vom sta înaintea scaunului de judecată al lui Hristos și vom da socoteală de toată lucrarea noastră de predicare – de motivele noastre, de pregătire, de viața de rugăciune, de efortul depus în studiere și de seriozitatea predicării. Totul ne va fi evaluat.

Astfel, cel mai important lucru nu este părerea oamenilor despre predicarea noastră, ci părerea lui Dumnezeu despre lucrarea noastră. Așadar, slujba noastră nu trebuie să devină ceva lumesc sau prea familiar pentru noi. Noi trebuie să-I slujim Domnului Isus Hristos, știind că într-o zi vom sta în fața Lui și vom da socoteală de felul în care ne-am îndeplinit sarcina pe care El ne-a încredințat-o. Haideți să predicăm având ziua aceea în minte!

9. Pentru A Predica Cu Putere, Predicatorul Trebuie Să Aplice Adevărul Cuvântului Lui Dumnezeu La VIețile Oamenilor

Noi trebuie să imprimăm pe inimile oamenilor adevărul Cuvântului față de care îi provocăm să răspundă. Acuratețea interpretării nu este suficientă. Noi trebuie să transmitem un anume mesaj din partea lui Dumnezeu pentru acest popor și în acest moment.

Ceea ce înțelegem noi din Cuvânt trebuie să predicăm urmărind schimbarea vieților oamenilor pentru a corespunde cu acel Cuvânt. Predicatorii nu sunt chemați să impresioneze oamenii prin cunoștințele lor gramaticale sau prin abilitățile de interpretare. Mai degrabă, predicatorii sunt chemați să îi determine pe oameni să acționeze pe baza adevărului Cuvântului lui Dumnezeu. Ei trebuie să Îl roage pe Dumnezeu să le dea putere în expunerea și aplicarea Cuvântului atunci când îi provoacă pe oameni să răspundă Cuvântului.

10. Pentru A Predica Cu Putere, Predicatorul Trebuie Să Predice Cu Pasiune Pentru Sufletele Oamenilor

Pastorul trebuie să aibă pe inimă ceea ce Dumnezeu are pe inimă, și anume salvarea sufletelor. La aceasta se reduce totul. De aceea Și-a trimis Dumnezeu Fiul să moară. Și de aceea îi cheamă Dumnezeu pe oameni să vină la El.

În cer este mare bucurie un păcătos care se pocăiește. Și dacă așa stau lucrurile, atunci trebuie să predicăm cu acest scop în minte, pentru ca predicarea noastră să Îi aducă bucurie lui Dumnezeu. Noi trebuie să îi chemăm pe oameni la pocăință și să îi îndemnăm să Îl primească pe Hristos ca Salvator.

Aceasta este ceea ce dorește Dumnezeu. El „dorește ca niciunul să nu piară, ci toţi să vină la pocăinţă” (2 Pet. 3:9). Așadar, scopul nostru trebuie să fie să îi aducem pe oameni la pocăință prin predicarea Veștii Bune a lui Dumnezeu.

Partea A II-A: Pregătirea Pentru Predicare

“Formularea predicii-într-o-frază”

Odată ce ți-ai formulat punctele principale (i.e. schița cuprinsului predicii), următorul pas este formularea ideii principale a predicii, pe care îmi place să o numesc „predica-într-o-frază”. Aceasta face de obicei parte din introducere.

Poți să o formulezi acum sau poate că nu o vei putea formula decât mai târziu pe parcursul pregătirii (sau poate chiar la sfârșit). Dacă este posibil, cel mai bine este să o formulezi în acest punct al pregătirii, deoarece îți va da direcția pentru pregătirea restului predicii, pentru că toate punctele principale ale expunerii trebuie să aibă legătură cu această idee principală și să decurgă din ea. De aceea trebuie să îți scrii ideea principală („predica-într-o-frază”), dacă este posibil, înainte de a începe schița predicii.

Predica-într-o-frază este ideea generală pe care pasajul biblic o scoate în evidență. Este ideea homiletică ce decurge din ideea principală a textului. Este o idee, o propunere, un subiect de luat în considerare. Iată cum explică Greg Heisler: „Este ideea principală a textului (formulată) într-o frază clară, plină de semnificație și cu încărcătură teologică, pe care audiența ta nu o va uita niciodată (Greg Heisler, Spirit Led Preaching [Predicare condusă de Duhul], Nashville: B & H, 2007, p. 77). J. H. Jowett a spus: „Nimeni nu este cu adevărat pregătit să predice până nu își poate sumariza mesajul într-o singură frază bine formulată (citat de William Fitch în “The Glory of Preaching” [Gloria predicării], Christianity Today, 20 ianuarie, 1967).

Aceasta este esența mesajului; predica în rezumat. Este ca și titlurile acelea concise, condensate și atrăgătoare pe care le folosesc jurnaliștii nu doar pentru a ne capta atenția, ci și pentru a-și sumariza întregul articol. Această idee principală exprimă ceea ce vrei să demonstrezi. Este forța mesajului tău – ceea ce vrei să știe oamenii, chiar dacă nu-și vor aminti nimic altceva din predica ta. Fraza aceasta sumarizează învățătura întregii predici.

Așadar, ca și punctele principale, predica-într-o-frază va…

1. … fi exprimată fie la timpul prezent fie la viitor și

2. … se va aplica la toți oamenii din toate timpurile.

A. Care Este Scopul Unei Predici-Într-O-Frază?

Scopul său este…

1. Să sumarizeze mesajul expunerii. Ea unește toate ideile exprimate în punctele principale ale schiței predicii.

2. Să dea un caracter unitar întregii expuneri.

3. Să arate bisericii ce urmează să predici. De aceea eu enunț această idee în introducere.

4. Să stabilească structura predicii.

B. Predica-Într-O-Frază Se Încadrează De Obicei Într-Una Din Cele Patru Categorii

1. Un Argument Ce Urmează Să Fie Demonstrat Sau O Problemă Ce Urmează Să Primească Un Răspuns.

Scopul acestui tip de formulare este convingerea audienței.

Vei răspunde la întrebările: „Este adevărat? Care este dovada?”

2. O Idee Sau Un Concept Ce Urmează Să Fie Explicat Sau Reafirmat.

Scopul acestui tip de formulare este ca audiența să înțeleagă.

Vei răspunde la întrebarea: „Ce înseamnă asta?”

3. Un Îndemn Sau O Chemare Ce Trebuie Ascultată.

Scopul acestui tip de formulare este motivarea audienței.

Vei răspunde la întrebările: „De ce mă interesează pe mine? Cu ce schimbă asta viața mea? Cum se aplică asta la mine?”

4. Un Principiu Ce Trebuie Crezut.

Scopul acestui tip de formulare este ca audiența să accepte acest adevăr.

Vei răspunde la întrebarea: „De ce să cred asta?”

Toate aceste tipuri de formulări urmăresc ca oamenii să fie convinși și să-și demonstreze convingerea răspunzând cu credință și ascultare.

C. Diferite Forme De Predică-Într-O-Frază

Acestea sunt diferite feluri în care vă puteți structura ideea principală.

1. O întrebare la care veți da un răspuns.

2. O afirmație pe care o veți demonstra sau explica.

3. Un îndemn pe care îl veți da – ex. „Haideți să…”; „Ar trebui să…”

Atunci când este posibil, încercați să faceți ca predica-într-o-frază să se aplice audienței voastre și puteți face lucrul acesta, folosind pronumele „noi”, „voi”, „al nostru”. În felul acesta, oamenii vor ști că mesajul respectiv li se adresează lor și că nu este doar un mesaj preluat dintr-un text antic. Astfel, predica va fi mai relevantă pentru oamenii care vă ascultă, arătându-le că ei sunt ținta predicii voastre.

D. Exemple De Predică-Într-O-Frază

Poate că v-ar fi de ajutor să vedeți câteva exemple de predici-într-o-frază.

Ps. 1: „Calea celor neprihăniți și calea păcătoșilor nu se intersectează niciodată.”

Gen. 21:8-21: „Așa cum întunericul precede zorile, adesea și necazul precede biruința.”

Gen. 32:22-32: „Noaptea agoniei vine întotdeauna înaintea zorilor mângâierii.”

Ex. 3:1-10: „Dumnezeu este Dumnezeul care se arată oamenilor obișnuiți în împrejurări obișnuite și li se revelează într-un mod neobișnuit.”

Ioan 1:1-5: „Noi privim gloria lui Dumnezeu în Hristos, care ni L-a revelat pe Dumnezeu în mod perfect și deplin, pentru că El este Dumnezeu.”

Ioan 1:6-13: „Hristos este adevărata Lumină care a venit în lume ca să ne arate calea către Dumnezeu.”

Ioan 3:22-46: „O slujire autentică este aceea care Îl înalță pe Hristos, așa încât El devine totul, iar noi devenim nimic.”

Ioan 4:46-54: „Credința în Cuvântul lui Dumnezeu este soluția pentru toate nevoile noastre.”

1 Cor. 2:1-5: „Puterea în predicare vine din Cuvântul lui Dumnezeu și din Duhul lui Dumnezeu, și nu din cuvinte sau din înțelepciunea omenească.”

Gal. 3:10-14: „Singurul mod în care putem fi acceptați înaintea lui Dumnezeu este prin Hristos și prin credință.”

Fil. 1:27-30: „Biserica ce are evanghelia în centru extinde mereu evanghelia și în comportament și curaj.”

Fil. 3:1-14: „Convertirea reală produce schimbare reală.”

1 Tes. 1:1-10: „Oamenii care Îl au pe Dumnezeu în centrul vieții lor, întrupează și transmit evanghelia.”

1 Tim. 3:14-16: „Mesajul bisericii pentru lume este adevărul despre Hristos.”

Evr. 11:8-10: „Credința oferă o perspectivă eternă în mijlocul efemerității.”

Evr. 12:18-24: „Singurul mod posibil de apropiere de Dumnezeu este prin Isus Hristos și prin lucrarea Sa răscumpărătoare.”

2 Pet. 1:16-21: „Putem fi siguri de revenirea lui Hristos, datorită credibilității sursei de la care am primit această informație.”

Partea A III-A: Devoțională

„Responsabilitatea slujitorului, Pt. 1: „Concepții greșite despre slujirea creștină” (1 Cor. 3:5-17)

De: Dr. Stephen F. Olford

Introducere. Am văzut că prima cauză importantă a divizării din biserica din Corint a fost concepția greșită despre mesajul creștin. Apostolul trece acum la cea de-a doua cauză, care este concepția greșită despre slujirea creștină. El a anticipat deja acest subiect, însă acum îl tratează mai în detaliu. Cele două considerente pe care le are în vedere sunt: responsabilitatea slujitorului înaintea lui Dumnezeu (3:5-17) și răspunderea slujitorului înaintea lui Dumnezeu (3:18-4:5). Haideți să ne ocupăm de acestea pe rând, de primul în acest articol, iar de cel de-al doilea data viitoare.

Versetul-cheie care deschide acest paragraf este o afirmație extraordinară. Pavel spune: Căci noi suntem împreună-lucrători cu Dumnezeu. Voi sunteţi ogorul (gospodăria) lui Dumnezeu, clădirea lui Dumnezeu (templul) (1 Cor. 3:9). Accentul cade aici, în fiecare caz, pe termenul „Dumnezeu, ceea ce subliniază faptul că instrumentele umane au un rol secundar. Dumnezeu are rolul principal și, de aceea, Dumnezeu trebuie să fie suveran în toate domeniile vieții și slujirii creștine. După ce afirmă că toți lucrătorii creștini sunt conlucrători cu Dumnezeu, Pavel indică două domenii în care slujitorul este responsabil. Primul domeniu este „ogorul lui Dumnezeu, iar cel de-al doilea este „clădirea lui Dumnezeu. Haideți să le luăm pe rând, acordând atenție specială celei de-a doua metafore folosite de Pavel.

I. Ogorul Lui Dumnezeu

Pavel spune: Eu am sădit, Apolo a udat, dar Dumnezeu a făcut să crească (1 Cor. 3:6). În introducerea acestui subiect legat de slujirea creștină, apostolul întreabă:Cine este Pavel? Şi cine este Apolo? Nişte slujitori ai lui Dumnezeu, prin care aţi crezut; şi fiecare după puterea dată lui de Domnul (1 Cor. 3:5). Pavel încearcă aici să atragă atenția de la predicatori către ceea ce fac ei. Apoi răspunde la întrebarea pe care a pus-o, subliniind faptul că ei nu sunt decât niște slujitori prin care corintenii au ajuns la credință.

Termenul „slujitori este folosit adesea în Noul Testament cu referire la munca pe care o fac creștinii pentru Dumnezeu. Este evident că Pavel scoate în evidență caracterul umil al slujitorului în fața Stăpânului Său. În orice slujire, ar fi ridicol să îl glorifici pe slujitor și nu pe Stăpânul care l-a angajat. Pavel și Apolo nu erau decât niște instrumente prin care Dumnezeu lucrase în biserica din Corint. Pentru a sublinia acest lucru, apostolul descrie slujirea în ogorul lui Dumnezeu în felul următor:

1) Pavel a fost cel care a sădit. Eu am sădit (1 Cor. 3:6). Plantarea este o lucrare foarte importantă, însă principiul vieții nu se află în omul care plantează, ci mai degrabă în sămânța pe care o sădește. Cel care sădește nu își încheie misiunea înainte de a pune sămânța în pământ, însă el știe mai bine ca oricine că nu îi poate da viață acelei semințe.

2) Apolo a fost cel care a udat. Apolo a udat (1 Cor. 3:6). La fel ca și plantarea, și udarea este absolut necesară creșterii și dezvoltării seminței. Însă, repet, secretul creșterii se află în sămânță. Ea trebuie să fie pusă în pământ și udată, însă principiul vieții care urmează să se manifeste deplin la seceriș nu se află în omul care plantează sau în cel care udă, ci în Dumnezeu, care dă creșterea. Este important de observat faptul că verbele „a sădi” și „a uda” sunt folosite la trecut, pe când despre activitatea divină care dă creșterea se vorbește la timpul prezent. Pavel și Apolo își îndepliniseră datoria, însă Dumnezeu continua să dea creșterea. La fel au stat lucrurile de-a lungul secolelor. Slujitorii au venit și au plecat, însă Dumnezeu continuă să-Și binecuvânteze biserica. Toate acestea sunt necesare pentru ca oamenii să știe că cel care sădește nu este nimic și cel care udă nu este nimic, ci Dumnezeu care face să crească este totul (v. 7). Cei care sădesc și cei care udă vor primi o răsplată pentru munca lor (v. 8), pentru că ei sunt doar niște slujitori, care dau socoteală înaintea Stăpânului, ca bărbați responsabili și femei responsabile. Acum vom privi la cealaltă metaforă a lui Pavel, pe care o dezvoltă mai mult.

II. Clădirea Lui Dumnezeu

După cum am observat, Pavel a vorbit despre lucrarea lui Dumnezeu în termeni agricoli, însă acum se îndreaptă către o figură de stil mai grăitoare. El spune că lucrarea lui Dumnezeu este o clădire și că a lucra pentru Dumnezeu înseamnă a clădi pentru eternitate. Analizând învățătura apostolului pe acest subiect, haideți să nu deviem adevărul de la noi către predicatorii și învățătorii despre care vorbește Pavel aici. Să nu uităm că Cuvântul lui Dumnezeu are o provocare pentru fiecare credincios. Să privim acum la trei aspecte importante legate de zidirea pentru eternitate:

1) Trebuie să avem motivația corectă. Pavel rezumă lucrul acesta astfel: După harul lui Dumnezeu care mi-a fost dat, eu, ca un meşter-zidar înţelept, am pus temelia (1 Cor. 3:10). Dacă zidim pentru Dumnezeu, atunci motivația noastră trebuie să izvorască din harul lui Dumnezeu care este în noi. Esențialmente, aceasta include următoarele:

a) Suntem salvați prin har. Căci prin har aţi fost mântuiţi, prin credinţă. Şi aceasta nu vine de la voi; ci este darul lui Dumnezeu (Efes. 2:8). În contextul acestui verset, Pavel a afirmat că cei care nu sunt salvați, sunt morți din punct de vedere spiritual. Morții însă nu pot zidi. Trebuie să existe salvarea prin har, pentru că motivația corectă nu poate fi găsită decât într-o viață salvată. Așadar, atunci când Pavel spune că el este meșterul zidar, după harul lui Dumnezeu, el subînțelege aici, cu siguranță, harul salvator al lui Dumnezeu.

b) Suntem făcuți prin har. Prin harul lui Dumnezeu sunt ce sunt (1 Cor. 15:10). Potrivit lui Pavel, credinciosul trebuie să poată recunoaște o lucrare a harului activă în viața lui, care îi curățește și îi ajustează motivația pentru a fi conformă cu voia lui Dumnezeu. Atunci când spune „prin harul lui Dumnezeu, Pavel se referă nu doar la lucrarea de salvare a lui Dumnezeu, ci și la cea de sfințire.

c) Suntem chemați prin har. Dumnezeu - care m-a pus deoparte din pântecele maicii mele şi m-a chemat prin harul Său - a găsit cu cale să descopere în mine pe Fiul Său, ca să-L vestesc (Gal. 1:15, 16). Doar atunci când înțelege cu adevărat această chemare, credinciosul poate cunoaște bucuria motivației adevărate. Aceasta vrea să spună, în esență, versetul 10 din pasajul nostru. Prin har, cunoaștem nu doar salvarea și sfințirea, ci și puterea lui Dumnezeu pentru slujire (v. 10). Pavel subliniază insignifianța slujitorilor lui Dumnezeu în afara harului divin și a puterii divine.

Adevărata motivație este aceea care atribuie harului lui Dumnezeu nu doar autoritatea, ci și puterea și dorința de a zidi pentru eternitate. Apoi:

2) Trebuie să avem metoda corectă. Ca și zidari, apostolul ne spune că trebuie să fim atenți la felul în care zidim (v. 10). Apoi ne arată că metoda corectă de a zidi este aceea care se raportează corect la adevărata temelie, Isus Hristos, care a fost pusă odată pentru totdeauna. El spune: ca un meşter-zidar înţelept, am pus temelia Căci nimeni nu poate pune o altă temelie decât cea care a fost pusă şi care este Isus Hristos (1 Cor. 3:10-11). În practică însă, raportarea corectă a metodelor de zidire la temelia adevărată presupune trei lucruri importante:

a) Glorificarea meritului lui Isus Hristos. Pavel spune că atunci când a venit la Corint: „... n-am avut de gând să ştiu între voi altceva decât pe Isus Hristos, şi pe El răstignit (1 Cor. 2:2). Iar în paragraful acesta adaugă: Domnul cunoaşte gândurile celor înţelepţi. Ştie că sunt deşarte. Nimeni să nu se fălească, dar, cu oameni (1 Cor. 3:20, 21). Apostolul a vrut să se asigure că nimic din ceea ce făcea nu știrbea meritul și gloria Domnului și Stăpânului său. Și noi trebuie să ne testăm metodele de zidire după acest standard. Trebuie să ne întrebăm mereu: Slujirea aceasta știrbește meritul Domnului sau îl glorifică?

b) Glorificarea lucrării lui Isus Hristos. Pavel era hotărât să nu știe nimic altceva între corinteni decât pe Isus Hristos, şi pe El răstignit (2:2). Aceasta a fost întotdeauna metoda lui Pavel de a zidi în toată lucrarea lui. Scriindu-le galatenilor, el spune: În ce mă priveşte, departe de mine gândul să mă laud cu altceva decât cu crucea Domnului nostru Isus Hristos, prin care lumea este răstignită faţă de mine, şi eu faţă de lume (Gal. 6:14). Crucea înseamnă moarte pentru tot ceea ce nu Îi aparține lui Dumnezeu și Pavel știa bine lucrul acesta. De altfel, tocmai ideea aceasta o argumentează în versetele de mai sus. Tot așa, și noi trebuie să ne asigurăm că nimic din ceea ce facem în predicare, învățare și în orice altă slujire nu știrbește lucrarea lui Hristos: ca nu cumva crucea lui Hristos să fie făcută zadarnică (1 Cor. 1:17).

c) Glorificarea cuvântului lui Isus Hristos. În același verset (1 Cor. 1:17), Pavel declară: Hristos m-a trimis nu să botez, ci să propovăduiesc Evanghelia. Și el nu s-a dat înapoi de la nimic în proclamarea evangheliei. De fapt, după cum am văzut de-a lungul acestor studii, Pavel vorbește nu doar despre caracterul, comuniunea și comunicarea evangheliei, ci și despre înțelegerea evangheliei. Mesajul suprem al slujitorului Domnului este acela care vorbește despre cruce. Putem vedea cât de serios era apostolul în această privință în felul în care se adresează galatenilor în 1:8-10: Dar, chiar dacă noi înşine sau un înger din cer ar veni să vă propovăduiască o Evanghelie deosebită de aceea pe care v-am propovăduit-o noi, să fie anatema! Cum am mai spus, o spun şi acum: dacă vă propovăduieşte cineva o Evanghelie deosebită de aceea pe care aţi primit-o, să fie anatema! Caut eu oare, în clipa aceasta, să capăt bunăvoinţa oamenilor sau bunăvoinţa lui Dumnezeu? Sau caut să plac oamenilor? Dacă aş mai căuta să plac oamenilor, n-aş fi robul lui Hristos. Se pronunță aici o judecată foarte aspră asupra celor care nu își bazează mesajul pe Cuvântul lui Dumnezeu. Aceste cuvinte solemne ale lui Pavel nu pot fi înțelese în mod greșit și trebuie să luăm seama la ele. Pavel afirmă că tot ceea ce facem fără să glorificăm cuvântul Domnului Isus Hristos constituie o slujbă fără valoare și nu va trece testul eternității. Cât de important este pentru noi să ne raportăm corect metodele de zidire la meritele, lucrarea și cuvântul Domnului nostru Isus Hristos! Metodele care minimizează în orice fel importanța și eficacitatea acestei temelii sunt sortite eșecului. Așadar, noi trebuie să ne testăm metodele cu atenție înainte de a mai pune o cărămidă. În cele din urmă, să observăm că:

3) Trebuie să folosim materiale corecte. Iar dacă clădeşte cineva pe această temelie aur, argint, pietre scumpe, lemn, fân, trestie, lucrarea fiecăruia va fi dată pe faţă: ziua Domnului o va face cunoscut, căci se va descoperi în foc. Şi focul va dovedi cum este lucrarea fiecăruia (1 Cor. 3:12-13). Când vorbea despre aceste materiale, Pavel avea cu siguranță în minte un eveniment care avusese loc în Corint. Acolo izbucnise un incendiu, care dăduse niște lecții oamenilor. Clădirile ridicate cu grijă, făcute din aur, argint și pietre prețioase, precum marmura sau granitul, rămăseseră în picioare în urma incendiului, însă cocioabele sărăcăcioasefăcute din paie și fân arseseră în întregime. Munca zidarilor înțelepți, care avuseseră motivația corectă, metoda corectă și materialele adecvate, rămăsese în picioare, însă ceilalți pierduseră totul, reușind să-și salveze doar viața. Așadar, Pavel spune că este de o importanță vitală să folosim materialele adecvate atunci când construim. Prin acest limbaj simbolic, Pavel ne învață că „aurul, argintul și pietrele prețioase” reprezintă:

a) Slujirea ce va fi răsplătită. „Lucrarea fiecăruia va fi dată pe faţă: ziua Domnului o va face cunoscut, căci se va descoperi în foc. Şi focul va dovedi cum este lucrarea fiecăruia. Dacă lucrarea zidită de cineva pe temelia aceea rămâne în picioare, el va primi o răsplată (1 Cor. 3:13-14). „Ziua aceea va fi o ocazie extraordinară. Toți credincioșii vor fi acolo și slujirea față de Stăpânul lor va fi testată de focul scaunului de judecată al lui Hristos. Slujirea care va fi acceptată de Mântuitorul nostru și care va primi răsplata slujitorului credincios, este descrisă ca fiind „aur, argint și pietre scumpe. Aurul reprezintă slujirea spirituală, pentru că aurul întotdeauna reprezintă natura lui Dumnezeu. Slujirea spirituală poate fi îndeplinită numai prin puterea Duhului Sfânt. Prin urmare, cât este de important să cunoaștem plinătatea și ungerea Duhului Sfânt în tot ceea ce facem. Argintul simbolizează slujirea jertfitoare. În Cuvântul lui Dumnezeu, argintul reprezintă întotdeauna jertfa lui Hristos și răscumpărarea (vezi Exod 30:11-15). Pentru a fi acceptată înaintea lui Dumnezeu, slujirea trebuie să fie jertfitoare și răscumpărătoare și făcută din recunoștință față de Hristos pentru dragostea Lui de la Calvar. Pietrele prețioase simbolizează slujirea cu credincioșie. Expresia „pietre prețioase” nu se referă la o varietate de nestemate, așa cum se crede în general, ci la mulțimea de pietre de marmură și granit din marile clădiri, cum ar fi magnificul templu din Efes al zeiței Diana, care era considerat rezistent la foc și indestructibil. Aceste pietre reprezintă lucrarea și credința fermă, de neclintit, pe care credinciosul trebuie să o aibă din belșug. Avem aici, așadar, caracteristile unei bune slujiri. Apostolul ne amintește că focul va „dovedi cum este lucrarea fiecăruia. Lemnul, fânul și trestia, pe de altă parte, reprezintă:

b) Slujirea ce va fi respinsă. Dacă lucrarea lui va fi arsă, îşi va pierde răsplata (1 Cor. 3:15). Lemnul, fânul și trestia sunt materiale perisabile și au și ele o semnificație simbolică. Lemnul simbolizează slujirea neglijentă și reprezintă abilitățile, energia și puterea omului independent. Fânul simbolizează slujirea fără valoare, care pare masivă și de efect, dar care nu ne costă nimic. Trestia reprezintă slujirea zadarnică (vezi Iov 21:18), acele sarcini îndeplinite cu un scop josnic. Acestea sunt caracteristicile acelei slujiri care nu va trece niciodată testul focului. Într-adevăr, după cum spune apostolul: Dacă lucrarea lui va fi arsă, îşi va pierde răsplata (1 Cor. 3:15). Ce experiență groaznică să-ți vezi așa-numita slujire pentru Dumnezeu risipindu-se ca un fum și apoi să treci prin experiența rușinoasă de a culege cenușa unei vieți inutile, nepăsătoare și nefolositoare și de a o pune în mâna străpunsă a Stăpânului, neputând să spui nimic altceva decât: „Asta este tot ce pot să-Ți ofer din viața mea!”

Concluzie. Pavel rezumă acest pasaj în câteva cuvinte teribile. El întreabă: Nu ştiţi că voi sunteţi templul lui Dumnezeu şi că Duhul lui Dumnezeu locuieşte în voi? Dacă nimiceşte cineva templul lui Dumnezeu, pe acela îl va nimici Dumnezeu; căci templul lui Dumnezeu este sfânt, şi aşa sunteţi voi (1 Cor. 3:16-17). Pavel spune aici că biserica este templul lui Dumnezeu, în care locuiește Duhul Sfânt. A nu construi cu motivația corectă, cu metode corecte și materiale adecvate înseamnă a distruge templul lui Dumnezeu, iar cei care se vor face vinovați de o astfel de fărădelege vor fi nimiciți de Dumnezeu. Ținând cont de lucrul acesta, responsabilitatea noastră ca slujitori și lucrători creștini este să zidim templul și nu să-l distrugem. Termenul „a nimici” înseamnă „a păgubi, a strica, a deteriora, a a vătăma”. Apostolul spune în mod clar că, dacă cineva păgubește, deteriorează sau vatămă templul, Dumnezeu îl va strica și pe el. Haideți să luăm aminte la aceste cuvinte aspre ce vin chiar de la tronul lui Dumnezeu! Haideți să ne amintim care este responsabilitatea slujitorilor lui Dumnezeu! Potrivit lui Pavel, noi suntem conlucrători cu Dumnezeu în ce privește sădirea și udarea în ogorul lui Dumnezeu și în ce privește zidirea și slujirea în templul lui Dumnezeu. În ambele aspecte, suntem răspunzători înaintea cerului pentru tot ceea ce facem. Să ne ajute Dumnezeu ca, în ziua aceea, să nu suferim o pierdere eternă, ci să primim răsplata deplină de la Stăpânul nostru, auzindu-L spunând:Bine, rob bun şi credincios; ai fost credincios în puţine lucruri, te voi pune peste multe lucruri; intră în bucuria stăpânului tău! (Mat. 25:21).

Partea A III-A: Schițe De Predici

Pentru a asculta versiunea audio a acestor predici în engleză, dați click pe link-urile de mai jos: In. 14:1-2, Pt. 1; In. 14:2, Pt. 2, In. 14:3-6, Pt. 3

Titlu: Eu sunt Calea, Adevărul și Viața

Punctul #1: Isus are remediul pentru inimile tulburate (1)

1. Nu mai fi tulburat

2. Continuă să ai încredere

Punctul #2: Isus oferă siguranță inimilor tulburate (2-6)

1. Isus ne asigură de existența cerului (2)

a) Pentru că Isus a promis aceasta

b) Pentru că Isus a pregătit cerul

2. Isus ne asigură intrarea în cer (3)

a) Pentru că Isus vine din nou

b) Pentru că Isus ne duce acolo

3. Isus ne asigură direcția către cer (4-6)

a) Pentru că Isus este calea

b) Pentru că Isus este adevărul

c) Pentru că Isus este viața

Related Topics: Pastors

The Net Pastors Journal, Rus Ed 25, Осеннее издание 2017

Осеннее издание 2017
Автор:
Др. Роджер Паскоу, президент
Институт Библейской Проповеди
Кембридж, Онтарио, Канада

(http://tibp.ca/)

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“Укреплять Церковь через Проповедование Библии и Руководство”

Часть I: Сила Для Проповеди, Ч 8

«Десять идей для сильной проповеди»

1. Чтобы Проповедовать В Силе Духа, Проповедник Должен Определить Свое Призвание

Проповедник должен знать свое призвание - призыв стать христианином, а также призыв Бога - проповедовать.

Для проповедника было бы бесполезно учиться и готовить послания, если бы он не был христианином. Мы не можем эффективно проповедовать другим, если мы сами не убедимся в этом и не испытаем обращение. Мы не можем «проповедовать Христа», если мы Его не знаем.

Проповедники должны быть «еще более прилежными, чтобы утвердить свое призвание» (2 Пет. 1:10). Те, кого “Бог предопределил, их Он также призвал» (Рим. 8:30). Мы не можем быть уверены в призвании Бога проповедовать, если не уверены в действительном призвании Бога в нашей жизни.

Как только мы уверены, что мы рождены свыше, мы должны проверить, действительно ли Бог призвал нас проповедовать. Многие проповедники понимают позже, что это призвание не было их Божьим призывом. Есть много других даров, которые дал Бог, которые должны быть реализованы в церкви и для церкви, но не обязательно, что это будет проповедование. Просто потому, что мы чувствуем желание служить Богу не означает, что мы должны только служить проповедью.

2. Чтобы Проповедовать В Силе Духа, Проповедник Должен Хорошо Знать И Ценить Писание

Многие проповедники могут убеждать людей в собрании, но не знают хорошо Писание. Следовательно, их проповедь лишена духовной силы. Сила, исходящая от Бога в проповеди, доступна только тем, кто обрел абсолютную достоверность вдохновенного Писания.

Проповедник не должен подходить к кафедре без абсолютной убежденности в вдохновении Писания. Вы не можете проповедовать с властью, пока не сможете сказать о том, что Библия - абсолютно точная и авторитетная. Вы не можете сказать: «Так говорит Господь», если вы не верите, что Библия - это Божье Слово без оговорок.

3. Проповедовать В Силе Духа, Проповедник Должен Принять Призыв Проповедовать Как Призыв Выше Всех Других Обязанностей

Если мы призваны быть христианами и призваны проповедовать вдохновенное Слово, тогда мы должны рассматривать это призвание прежде всего. Ничто в наших пастырских обязанностях никоим образом не должно скомпрометировать нашу приверженность к проповеднической деятельности. Когда мы планируем нашу неделю, мы должны уделять первоочередное внимание подготовке и проповеди Слова. Другие вещи и люди будут стараться расставить приоритеты своих потребностей и пожеланий в наших ежедневных и еженедельных расписаниях. Но ничто другое не должно забирать приоритет проповеди и подготовки к проповеди.

Мы должны сделать все возможное, чтобы быть готовыми к проповеди каждое воскресенье, и единственный способ сделать это - это усердно управлять нашим временем, уделяя приоритетное внимание задаче проповеди. Вы не можете проповедовать с духовной силой, если не тратите время на подготовку в течение недели.

4. Чтобы Проповедовать В Силе Духа, Проповедник Должен Научиться Проповедовать Слово

Наша цель жизни - проповедовать Библию. «Проповедуй Слово, настой во время и не во время»(2 Тим 4: 2). Независимо от того, какие обстоятельства или как мы чувствуем это, наша цель состоит в том, чтобы проповедовать Слово - ничего другого.

Всестороннее проповедование Слова является обязанностью проповедника, чтобы сообщать Божье послание Божьему народу. Поэтому мы должны знать рамки Писания, чтобы мы могли проповедовать «весь совет Бога» (Деян. 20:27).

Послания, которые сосредотачиваются на наших собственных мыслях или чьих-либо мыслях, не являются предметом библейской проповеди. Мы должны придерживаться Слова Божьего, чтобы Бог благословил это Слово своим людям.

Мы должны проповедовать текст Писания в его грамматическом и историческом контексте. Аллегорическая интерпретация Писания должна ограничиваться тем, что действительно аллегорично. Только когда мы анализируем текст в его синтаксической и грамматической структуре, а также в его историческом и теологическом контексте, можем ли мы правильно и точно проповедовать Слово.

Кроме того, важно быть христологическим в нашем анализе и изучении Писания, поскольку история спасения - это центр Библии от начала до конца. Бог чтит проповедь, которая чтит Христа.

5. Чтобы Проповедовать В Силе Духа, Проповедник Не Должен Фокусироваться На Результатах

Проповедник никогда не должен влюбляться в себя и результаты своего служения. Вместо того, чтобы сосредоточиться на том, что проповедник может увидеть и измерить, мы должны сосредоточиться на призыве Христа и священной задаче, к которой Он призвал нас, оставив результат Ему.

Бог не благословляет ничего, что сделано для того, чтобы прославить плоть. С другой стороны, проповедник не должен корить себя только потому, что не видит ответа на свою проповедь. Этот фокус тоже является актом сосредоточенности на себе и и его гордости. Будет ли ответ, не в этом суть. Наша мотивация проповедовать заключается в том, что Бог призвал нас, и мы должны оставить результаты Богу.

6. Чтобы Проповедовать В Силе Духа, Проповедник Должен Обладать Страстью К Чистоте, Росту И Молитве

Бог не благословит вас духовной силой, если вы продолжаете грешить в своей жизни. У проповедника должно быть чистое сердце, чтобы иметь аудиенцию у Бога. «Если бы я видел беззаконие в сердце своем, то не услышал бы меня Господь» (Пс 66:18). Но усмиряю и порабощаю тело мое, дабы, проповедуя другим, самому не остаться недостойным (1 Кор. 9:27). Бог - Святой Бог, и Он хочет, чтобы мы были святы (1 Петра 1:16; 1 Тим. 3: 2).

Сами проповедники должны возрастать в своей вере и отношениях с Богом, прежде чем они смогут ожидать роста в духовной жизни от своих людей. Это значит, что мы должны быть людьми, совершенными в наших близких отношениях с Богом и нашем познании Бога через Его Слово.

Мы должны быть настоящими пасторами для овец, а не наемниками (Ин. 10: 11-14). Истинные пастора будут проводить время с Главным Пастырем в молитве, обучении и размышлении, по мере того, как они развиваются духовно.

7. Чтобы Проповедовать В Силе Духа, Проповедник Должен Воплотить Свои Проповеди

Истина текста должна была обдумана сначала проповедником, прежде чем он станет проповедовать ее собранию. Проповедник должен сначала применить это Слово к себе, а затем к людям. Он должен быть живым примером истины проповеди. В противном случае его проповедь не имеет силы. Вы не можете проповедовать то, что вы не слушаете и во что вы не верите.

Подобно тому, как «Слово (Само) стало плотью и обитало среди нас» (Иоанна 1:14), мы должны воплотить истину Божьего Слова перед нашим народом. Мы должны быть воплощением Слова, которое мы проповедуем в качестве представителей этого Живого Слова.

8. Чтобы Проповедовать В Силе Духа Силой, Проповедник Должен Проповедовать Со Знанием О Том, Что Однажды Он Будет Будет Стоять Перед Христом И Давать Отчет О Своей Проповеди

Мы не должны терять смысл и ценность нашей задачи. Со временем проповедник может легко привыкнуть и потерять чувство великого задания, к которому он призван, и благости Того, Кто его призвал.

Проповедники должны верить, что их служение имеет последствия для вечности, и оно высоко ценится Богом. Они должны подготовиться, ожидая, что Бог благословит их проповедь и проповедовать, полностью ожидая, что Бог благословит их проповедь. Они должны проповедовать с усердием и пылкостью, ожидая, что Бог встретит их в момент их проповеди.

Мы все предстанем перед судом Христа и расскажем обо всех наших проповедях: о наших мотивах, о нашей подготовке, о нашей молитвенной жизни, о наших усилиях в учебе и о нашей искренности в проповеди. Все это будет оценено.

Таким образом, мнение людей о нашей проповеди не является жизненно важным. Скорее важно то, что Бог думает о нашем служении. Таким образом, наше задание никогда не должно становиться мирским или знакомым нам. Мы должны служить Господу Иисусу Христу, зная, что однажды мы встретимся с Ним и будем давать отчет о том, как мы выполнили задание, которое Он дал нам. Давайте проповедовать помня о том дне.

9. Чтобы Проповедовать В Силе Духа, Проповедник Должен Применить Истину Божьего Слова К Жизни Людей

Мы должны удивлять сердца людей истиной Слова, на которое мы призываем их ответить. Точности в истолковании недостаточно. В это время мы должны донести конкретное послание Бога этим людям.
Мы должны проповедовать наше понимание Слова, чтобы изменить жизнь людей, чтобы они соответствовали этому Слову. Проповедники не призваны впечатлять людей своими грамматическими знаниями или навыками толкования. Скорее, проповедники призваны побудить людей действовать в согласии с истиной Слова Божьего. Они должны просить Бога сделать их сильными в увещевании и применении Слова, по мере того, как они бросают вызов людям, чтобы ответить на него.

10. Чтобы Проповедовать В Силе Духа, Проповедник Должен Проповедовать Со Страстью К Не Спасенным Душам

Есть много радости на небесах о грешниках, которые приходят к покаянию. Поскольку это так, то мы должны проповедовать с целью, чтобы наша проповедь несла радость Богу. Мы должны призвать к покаянию от греха и принятию Христа как нашего Спасителя.

Этого хочет Бог. Он «не желает, чтобы кто-то погиб, но все должно прийти к покаянию» (2 Петра 3: 9). Поэтому нашей целью должна стать проповедь, ведущая людей к покаянию через Благую весть.

Часть II: Подготовка К Проповеди

“План проповеди в одном предложении”

После того как вы сформулировали свои основные пункты (план вашей проповеди), следующим шагом будет разработка тезисно (общей идеи) вашей проповеди. Мне нравится называть это «проповедью в одно предложение». Обычно это часть введения вашей проповеди.

Вы можете набросать план, или позже по мере подготовки и работы над проповедью (возможно, даже в конце ее). Но, если это возможно, лучше всего подготовить этот план сразу, поскольку он дает вам направление для подготовки остальной части проповеди, потому что все основные пункты изложения должны соотноситься и выражаться из основного тезиса. Вот почему вам нужно написать свою проповедь тезисно («проповедь в одно предложение»), если это возможно, прежде чем приступать к написанию проповеди.

Проповедь в одном предложении - это общая мысль, которая озаглавливает весь библейский отрывок. Это основная идея, которая развивается из основной идеи текста. Это идея, предложение, которые важно учесть. Грег Хейслер высказывает это так: «Это основная идея текста (заявленная) в ясном, наполненном и загруженном богословием предложении, которое ваша аудитория никогда не забудет». (Грег Хейслер, «Проповедование Духа» (Нэшвилл: 2007), с. 77). Джоветт сказал: «Ни один человек не умел проповедовать до того, как мог обобщить свое послание в одно, хорошо сформулированное предложение». [Цитируется Уильямом Фитчем в «Славе проповеди» (Христианство Сегодня, 20 января 1967 г. ).

Это - центр послания; Проповедь в двух словах. Это похоже на прочный, запоминающийся, сжатый заголовок, который журналисты используют не только для вашего внимания, но и для подведения итогов всей статьи. В этом заявлении тезиса выражается весь смысл, который вы собираетесь высказать. Это суть вашего послания - то, что вы хотите, чтобы люди знали, если они больше ничего не смогут запомнить. Оно обобщает всю проповедь в целом.

Поэтому, как и основные моменты, проповедь в одно предложение будет ...

1. ... выражаться либо в настоящем, либо в будущем

2. ... применяться ко всем людям всех времен.

A. Что За Цель У Проповеди В Одно Предложение?

Его цель - ...

1. Подвести итог посланию экспозиции. Он связывает вместе все идеи, изложенные в основных пунктах вашего плана проповеди.

2. Объединить всю экспозицию.

3. Направить людей к теме проповеди. Вот почему я излагаю свою мысль во введении.

4. Установить структуру проповеди.

Б. Проповедь В Одно Предложение Обычно Подразделяется На 4 Вида

1. Идея, Которую Нужно Доказать, Или Вопрос, На Который Нужно Ответить.

Цель такого утверждения состоит в том, что вы хотите, чтобы аудитория была убеждена. Вы отвечаете на вопросы: «Это правда? Каковы ваши доказательства?

2. Идея Или Концепция, Которую Нужно Объяснить Или Переформулировать.

Цель такого рода утверждения заключается в том, что вы хотите, чтобы они поняли. Вы отвечаете на вопрос: «Что это значит?»

3. Обращение Или Призыв К Послушанию.

Цель такого заявления в том, что вы хотите, чтобы они были мотивированы.

Вы отвечаете на вопросы: «Почему меня это должно волновать? Какая для меня разница? Как это применимо ко мне?

4. Принцип, Которому Следует Верить.

Цель такого заявления состоит в том, что вы хотите, чтобы они приняли эту истину. Вы отвечаете на вопрос: «Почему я должен этому верить?»

Все эти типы утверждений тезиса имеют цель - люди должны быть убеждены и продемонстрировать это убеждение через веру и послушание.

В. Разные Формы Проповеди В Одно Предложение

Существуют различные способы структурирования вашей проповеди.

1. Вопрос, на который вы ответите

2. Декларация, которую вы докажете или объясните

3. Наставление, которое вы будете продвигать - например. "Позволь нам…"; "Мы должны…"

По возможности попробуйте сделать проповедь в одно предложение применительно к вашей аудитории. Вы можете сделать это, используя «мы», «вы» и «наш», чтобы люди знали, что это послание для них, а не просто послание из древнего текста. Это делает вашу проповедь более актуальной для ваших людей, показывая им, что главная направленность вашей проповеди для них.

Г. Примеры Некоторых Проповедей “В Одно Предложение”

Возможно, вам будет полезно увидеть некоторые примеры некоторых моих проповедей “в одно предложение”.

Псалом 1: «Путь благочестивых и нечестивых никогда не встречаются».

Бытие 21: 8-21: «Как тьма предшествует рассвету, так неприятности часто предшествуют триумфу».

Бытие 32: 22-32: «Ночь мучений всегда приходит до рассвета».

Исход 3: 1-10: «Бог есть Бог, который является обычным людям в обычных обстоятельствах и открывает им необыкновенное».

Ио. 1: 1-5: «Мы видим славу Божию во Христе, который прекрасно и полностью открыл нам Бога, потому что Он есть Бог».

Ио. 1: 6-13: «Христос - это истинный Свет, который пришел в мир, чтобы показать нам путь к Богу».

Ио. 3: 22-46: «Подлинное служение - это то, что возвеличивает Христа, чтобы Он стал всем, а мы стали никем».

Ио. 4: 46-54: «Вера в Слово Божье - это средство от всех наших нужд».

1 Кор. 2: 1-5: «Власть проповеди исходит из Слова Божьего и Духа Божьего, а не от человеческой мудрости или слов».

Гал. 3: 10-14: «Единственный способ принятия Богом - через Христа по вере».

Фил. 1: 27-30: «Церковь, основанная на Евангелии, последовательно улучшает Евангелие в поведении и мужестве».

Фил. 3: 1-14: «Подлинное обращение производит подлинное изменение».

1 Фес. 1: 1-10: «Люди, сосредоточенные на Боге, ходят и распространяют Евангелие».

1 Тим. 3: 14-16: «Послание церкви миру - это истина о Христе».

Евр. 11: 8-10: «Вера дает вечную перспективу посреди временного».

Евр. 12: 18-24: «Единственным приемлемым средством подхода к Богу является Иисус Христос и его искупительная работа».

2 Пет. 1: 16-21: «Мы можем быть уверены в возвращении Христа из-за надежности нашего источника».

Часть III: Экспозиция

«Ответственность служителя Ч. 1: «Неправильные представления о христианском служении» (1 Кор. 3: 5-17)

Автор: Д-р Стивен Ф. Олфорд

Введение. Мы видели, что первопричиной деления в церкви в Коринфе было неправильное представление о христианском послании. Теперь Апостол обращается ко второму, что является неправильным представлением о христианском служении. Уже он предвосхитил свою тему, но теперь он более подробно разбирается с ней. Двумя основными соображениями, которые он имеет в виду, во-первых, ответственность служителя перед Богом (3: 5-17), а во-вторых, подотчетность служителя перед Богом (3: 18-4: 5). Давайте рассмотрим это по очереди, первое - в этой статье, а второе - в следующий раз.

Ключевой стих, который открывает этот параграф, - это огромное заявление. Павел говорит: «... Мы - соработники Бога; вы - нива Божья, вы - строение Божье (храм) » (1 Коринфянам 3: 9). В каждом случае акцент делается на слове «Бог». Это подчеркивает тот факт, что человеческие инструменты являются второстепенными. Бог - Первый, и поэтому Бог должен быть суверенным во всех областях христианской жизни и служения. Заявив, что все христианские служители являются сотрудниками вместе с Богом, Павел указывает на две области, которые должны учитываться служителем. Первое - в области «Божьей нивы», второе - в области «Божьего строения». Давайте рассмотрим их, чтобы уделить особое внимание второй метафоре, которую использует Павел.

I. Божья Нива

Павел говорит: «Я насадил, Аполлос поливал, но Бог взрастил» (1 Кор. 3: 6). Чтобы представить свое отношение к этому аспекту христианского служения, Апостол спрашивает: «Кто же тогда Павел, а кто Аполлос, а служители, в которых вы уверовали, как Господь дал каждому?» (1 Коринфянам 3: 5). Здесь Павел использует средний род, чтобы отвлечь внимание от проповедников и сконцентрировать его на своей функции. Затем он отвечает на свой вопрос и указывает, что они были ничем иным, как служителями, благодаря которым уверовали коринфяне.

Слово «служители» часто употребляется в Новом Завете служения, которое христиане оказывают Богу. Понятно, что Павел подчеркивает низкий характер слуги перед своим Учителем. Во всем служении смешно прославлять служителя, а не Учителя, который его использует. Павел и Аполлос были просто инструментами, через которых Бог работал в церкви в Коринфе. Чтобы подчеркнуть это, Апостол описывает служение в Божьем земледелии следующим образом:

1) Павел был тем, кто насадил насадил ...» (1 Кор. 3: 6). Сейчас посадка - очень важная работа, но принцип жизни не в человеке, который сажает; это скорее семя, которое он закладывает. Ни один садовник не выполнил бы свою ответственность, если бы не сажал семя в почву; но он лучше всех знает, что он не может передать жизнь этому семени.

2) Аполлос был тем, кто поливал «... Аполлос поливал ...» (1 Кор. 3: 6). Как и посев, полив абсолютно необходим для роста и развития семян. Но в очередной раз секрет роста находится в самом семени. Его нужно поместить в почву, и для этого требуется полив, но жизненный принцип, который в настоящее время должен выражаться в жатве, заключается не в человеке, который садит семя, или в человеке, который поливает его, а в Боге, который взращивает. Поучительно наблюдать, что идеальное время используется для посева и полива, но непрерывное время используется для божественной деятельности при росте. Павел и Аполлос выполнили свою работу, но Бог продолжал взращивать.

Так было на протяжении столетий. Служители приходили, и служители уходили, но Бог продолжал вечно благословлять Его церковь. Все это необходимо, чтобы люди могли знать, что тот, кто насаждает - ничто, и тот, кто поливает - ничто, но Бог, который взращивает - это все (стих 7). Те, кто насадили и поливали получат награду в соответствии с их трудами (стих 8), но это просто потому, что они простые слуги, отвечающие Учителю, как ответственные мужчины и женщины. Но теперь мы переходим к другой метафоре Павла, которую он развивает более подробно.

II. Божье Строение

Как мы только что заметили, Павел обсуждает дело Бога с точки зрения нивы, но теперь он обращается к более показательному сравнению. Он заявляет, что работа Бога - это здание, и что работать для Бога - строить для вечности. Когда мы обращаемся к учению Апостола по этому вопросу, давайте не будем отвлекать истину от самих себя до проповедников и учителей, которые, как говорят, являются целью Павла здесь. Мы должны помнить, что Слово Бога, каким бы оно ни считалось, имеет вызов для каждого верующего сердца. Теперь мы рассмотрим три важных вопроса, которые участвуют в строительстве для вечности:

1) Должны быть правильные мотивы. Павел суммирует эти мотивы в словах: «Я, по данной мне от Бога благодати, как мудрый строитель, положил основание ...» (1 Кор. 3:10). Если мы строим для Бога, тогда наши мотивы должны возникать из благодати Божьей в нас. В основном это включает:

а) Спасен по благодати. «Ибо благодатью вы спасены через веру,сие не от вас, Божий дар » (Еф.2: 8). В контексте этого утверждения Павел заявил, что те, кто не спасены, духовно мертвы. Мертвые не могут строить. Должно быть спасение по благодати, потому что только в спасенной жизни могут быть найдены правильные мотивы. Поэтому, заявляя, что Павел был мудрым мастером-строителем по благодати Бога, он, безусловно, включает в себя Божью спасительную милость.

б) Создан по благодати «... по благодати Божией я такой, какой я есть» (1 Кор. 15:10). С Павлом верующий должен уметь распознавать активную работу благодати, действующую в жизни, очищая и корректируя все мотивы, чтобы соответствовать воле Бога. Когда Павел говорит: «Согласно милости Божией», он имеет в виду не только Божью работу спасения, но и освящение.

в) Призван по благодати «... Бог, который избрал меня от чрева моей матери и призвал меня по Его благодати, чтобы открыть во мне Его Сына, чтобы я мог проповедовать его, благоволил ко мне ...» (Гал.1: 15, 16). Только, когда это вызвано таким призывом, верующий может понять радость чистых мотивов. Именно это подразумевается в 10-м стихе нашего текста. Благодаря благодати мы знаем не только спасение и освящение, но и способность служить Богу (ст.10). Павел подчеркивает незначительность служителей Бога вне божественной благодати и власти.

Правильные мотивы - это те, которые приписывают благодати Бога не только власть, но и способность и стремление строить для вечности. В следующем месте:

2) Должны быть правильные методы. Апостол говорит нам, что в качестве строителей мы должны учитывать, как мы строим (стих 10). Затем он продолжает доказывать, что правильные методы построения - это те, которые справедливо связаны с правильным основанием, Иисусом Христом, раз и навсегда укладываются. Его слова: «... как мудрый строитель, я заложил фундамент ... ни в каком другом фундаменте не может быть кто-либо, кроме лежащего, что есть Иисус Христос» (1 Кор.3: 10-11). С практической точки зрения, такое отношение наших методов к фундаменту требует трех важных вещей:

а) Увеличивая ценность Иисуса Христа. Придя в Коринф, Павел сказал: «Ибо я решил не знать ничего среди вас, кроме Иисуса Христа и Его распятого» (1 Кор.2: 2). В этом же абзаце он добавляет: «... Господь знает умствования мудрецов, что они суетны. Итак никто не хвались человеками... » (1 Кор. 3:20, 21). Апостол удостоверился, что ничто из того, что он сделал, не принесет дискредитации бесполезной ценности и славы своего Господа и Учителя. Мы с вами должны также проверить наши методы построения по такому стандарту. Мы должны постоянно спрашивать себя: помогает ли та или иная конкретная услуга или минимизирует ценность нашего Господа?

б) Увеличивая работу Иисуса Христа. Целеустремленность Павла не знала ничего среди коринфян как: «... Иисуса Христа, и притом распятого» (2: 2). Это всегда был метод Павла во всех его работах. В послании к Галатам, он говорит: «А я не желаю хвалиться, разве только крестом Господа нашего Иисуса Христа, которым мир был распят для меня, и я - для мира» (Гал.6: 14). Он знал, что крест приносит смерть на все, что не принадлежит Богу. В самом деле, это был весь его аргумент в предыдущих стихах этого послания. Точно так же мы должны следить за тем, чтобы в нашей проповеди, учении и работе для Бога мы не делали ничего, что сводило бы к минимуму работу Христа: «... чтобы крест Христов не был упразднен» (1 Кор. 1:17).

в) Увеличивая Слово Иисуса Христа. В этом же стихе (1 Коринфянам 1:17) Павел заявляет с акцентом на то, что «... Христос послал меня не крестить, а проповедовать Евангелие ...» И он не жалел никаких усилий, чтобы заявить, что такое Евангелие. Фактически, как мы видели на протяжении этих исследований, Павел изложил не только что-то о характере, общении, общении, но и о понимании Евангелия. Высшим посланием слуги Господа является слово о кресте. Вы можете наблюдать, как глубоко Апостол почувствовал это по его обращению к Галатам в 1: 8-10: «Но даже если мы, или и ангел с неба, проповедуем вам любое другое Евангелие, чем то, что мы проповедовали вам , пусть он будет проклят ... если кто-то проповедует вам какое-либо другое Евангелие, чем то, что вы получили, пусть он будет проклят. Ибо теперь я убеждаю людей, или Бога? ... если бы я ... радовал людей, я не был бы слугой Христа ». Сильный суд вынесен тем, кто не основывает свое послание на Божьем слове. Его торжественные слова не могут быть неправильно истолкованы, и мы должны принимать их близко к сердцу. Павел утверждает, что все, что мы делаем, не прославляет слова Господа Иисуса Христа, является бесполезным служением и не выдерживает испытания вечности. Насколько важно для нас правильно соотносить наши методы с ценностью, работой и словом Господа нашего Иисуса Христа. Методы, которые каким-либо образом сводят к минимуму важность и эффективность этого фонда, обречены на провал. Поэтому мы должны тщательно протестировать наши методы, прежде чем строить кирпич выше. Наконец, обратите внимание, что:

3) Должны быть правильные материалы. «Строит ли кто на этом основании из золота, серебра, драгоценных камней, дерева, сена, соломы, каждого дело обнаружится: ибо День покажет, потому что в огне открывается; и огонь испытает дело каждого, каково оно есть » (1 Кор. 3: 12-13). Говоря об этих материалах, Павел, очевидно, имел в виду событие, которое произошло в Коринфе. Огонь прошел через этот город и оставил некоторые важные уроки для каждого наблюдателя. Тщательно построенные здания из золота, серебра и драгоценных камней, являясь мраморными плитами и гранитом, сохранились, но бедные маленькие лачуги с набитыми сеной и грубой соломой сгорели дотла. Мудрые строители с правильными мотивами, методами и материалами спасли все, но другие потеряли все, кроме своей собственной жизни. Поэтому Павел говорит, что жизненно важно использовать правильные материалы. Этим символическим языком Павел учит, что «золото, серебро, драгоценные камни» представляют:

а) Служение, которое будет вознаграждено. «Каждого дело обнаружится, ибо день покажет, потому что в огне открывается; и огонь испытывает дело каждого, каково оно есть. У кого дело. которое он строил, устоит, тот получит награду »(1 Коринфянам 3: 13-14). Этот «день» станет отличным событием. Все верующие будут присутствовать, и их служение Учителю будет проверено огнем судилища Христа. Служение, которое будет одобрено Спасителем и получит награду слуги, описано как служение « из золота, серебра, драгоценных камней». Золото говорит о духовном служении, потому что золото всегда символизирует природу Бога. Духовное служение может быть достигнуто только силой Святого Духа. Поэтому важно знать полноту и помазание Святого Духа во всем, что мы делаем. Серебро говорит о жертвенном служении. В Слове Божьем серебро всегда типично для жертвы и искупления Христом (см. Исход 30: 11-15). Чтобы быть приемлемым для Бога, служение должно быть жертвенным, искупительным и исполняемым в благодарность Христу за Его Голгофскую любовь. Драгоценные камни говорят о стойком служении. Они не относятся к множеству драгоценных камней, как это обычно предполагается, но к многочисленным мраморным и гранитным камням больших зданий, таких как великолепный храм Дианы в Эфесе, который считался абсолютно огнеупорным и нерушимым. Эти камни представляют собой непоколебимую и неизменную веру и работу, в которой верующий должен пребывать. Вот, вот характеристики хорошего служения. Апостол напоминает нам, что сам огонь должен «испытать дело каждого». С другой стороны, дерево, сено и щетина представляют собой:

б) Служение, которое должно быть отвергнуто. «Если чье-то дело сгорит, он понесет потерю ...» (1 Кор. 3:15). Древесина, сено и солома являются скоропортящимися материалами и имеют свой символический смысл. Древесина говорит о небрежном служении. Он представляет собой самостоятельное умение, энергию и силу человека. Сено говорит о бесполезном служении. Оно кажется эффектным и громоздким, но оно ничего не стоит в плане жертвоприношения. Солома говорит о бесполезном служении (см. Иов 21:18). Это означает задачи, которые выполняются с учетом конечных целей. Это характеристики служения, которые никогда не выдержат испытание огнем. В самом деле, как говорит Апостол: «... Если чье-то дело сгорит, он понесет убытки ...» (1 Кор. 3:15). Какой ужасный опыт будет в том, когда мы увидим так называемое служение Богу, которое дымится, а затем будем чувствовать неутолимый стыд за обугленные угли беззаботной, бессмысленной и бесполезной жизни, которые давят на пробитые гвоздями руки Учители, и нечего сказать, кроме как: «Это все, что я могу предложить Тебе от моей жизни».

Вывод. Павел суммирует этот отрывок некоторыми ужасающими словами. Он спрашивает: «Разве вы не знаете, что вы храм Божий и что Дух Божий живет в вас? Если кто осквернит храм Божий, Бог уничтожит его. Ибо храм Божий свят, и этот храм вы » (1 Кор. 3: 16-17). Павел говорит, что церковь является храмом Божьим, в котором обитает Святой Дух. Неспособность строить с правильными мотивами, методами и материалами ведет к уничтожению храма Бога. Те, кто виновен в таком преступлении, сами будут уничтожены Богом. В свете этого торжественного факта наша ответственность как служителей и христианских служителей - это построить храм, а не уничтожить его. Термин «уничтожить» означает «ранить, испортить, портить или наносить вред». Апостол ясно заявляет, что если кто-то испортит, нанесет вред храму, Бог нанесет вред им. Давайте рассмотрим эти суровые слова, которые исходят от самого престола Бога. Давайте вспомним, что составляет ответственность служителей Бога. Согласно Павлу, мы являемся сотрудниками с Богом в задачах посева и полива Божьей нивы, строения и служении в храме Бога. В обоих аспектах мы несем ответственность перед небом за все, что мы делаем. Дай Бог, чтобы в тот день мы не потерпели вечную потерю, а получили полную награду, слыша Учителя «...Хорошо, добрый и верный раб... войди в радость господина твоего » (Матфея 25:21).

Часть IV: Результаты Проповеди

Чтобы прослушать аудиоверсию этих проповедей на английском языке, нажмите на эти ссылки: Jn. 14:1-2, Pt. 1; Jn. 14:2, Pt. 2, Jn. 14:3-6, Pt. 3

Название: Я - путь, истина и жизнь

1. У Иисуса есть лекарство для беспокойных сердец (1)

1. Оставить беспокойство

2. Продолжать доверять

2. В Иисусе есть уверенность для беспокойных сердец (2-6)

1. Иисус заверяет нас в существовании неба (2)

а) Потому что Иисус обещал это нам

б) Потому что Иисус приготовил его нам

2. Иисус увещевает нас о входе в небеса (3)

а) Потому что Иисус снова придет

б) Потому что Иисус приведет нас туда Сам

3. Иисус заверяет нас в том, как прийти на небо (4-6)

а) Потому что Иисус - путь

б) Потому что Иисус есть истина

в) Потому что Иисус - это жизнь

Related Topics: Pastors

网上牧师杂志–中文版(简体), SCh Ed, Issue 25 2017 年 秋季

2017年 秋季
作者:罗杰.帕斯科博士(Dr. Roger Pascoe)
圣言宣讲学院院长
(President, The Institute for Biblical Preaching)
加拿大安大略省剑桥市
(http://tibp.ca/)

C:\Users\Roger\Documents\My Documents\Institute for Biblical Preaching\Forms, Binder Cover Page, Logo\IBP Logos\IBP Logo.jpg

「增強在教會裡的講道與領導能力」

第一部份:宣讲的大能(第八点)

「带有权能的宣讲的十个建议」

1. 带有权能的宣讲:传道者必须认清他的呼召

传道者必须认清他的呼召:作为信徒和传道者的呼召。

假如传道者不是基督徒,只为宣讲而研读圣经和预备信息,是毫无益处的。若我们不为圣经所动,并经历转化,我们无法有效地宣讲。若不认识基督,又怎能「宣讲基督的信息」呢!

传道者应「更加殷勤,使你们所蒙的恩召和拣选坚定不移」(彼得后书 1:10 )。他们是神「预先所定下的人又召他们来」(罗马书8:30)。若我们不肯定神在我们生命中的呼召,我们无法肯定神呼召我们传道。

当我们肯定我们已经重生,我们必须检测神是否呼召我们当传道者。有很多传道者在一段时间后,发现神并非呼召他们作宣讲的职事。神给他们很多恩赐服事教会,但并非呼召他们作宣讲。我们渴望服事神,并不意味那是宣讲事工。

2. 带有权能的宣讲:传道者必须持圣经是最高权威的观点

有很多传道者或许很具说服力,可是他们并不以圣经是最高权威。渐渐地,他们的宣讲欠缺从圣灵而来的大能,因这大能只有那些拥抱圣经的启示是绝对有价值的人才得到。

传道者若不完全坚信圣经的启示,他不应踏上讲坛。若你不完全确信圣经完全准确,并承认圣经的权威,你不能作带有权柄的宣讲。除非你毫无保留地相信圣经是神的话语,你不能确切地说「这是主所说的」。

3. 带有权能的宣讲:传道者必须把宣讲呼召放在别的呼召之上

假如我们被呼召作为一位基督徒,也被呼召宣讲神的道,我们必须把宣讲神的道放在首位。牧者的其他呼召都不可使我们在宣讲事工的承诺与责任上作出妥协。当我们编排每周的工作时,预备讲章和宣讲神的道拥有优先位置。别的需要与愿望都尝试夺取得到优先处理;然而,宣讲和预备讲章绝不可被挤出来。

星期天的讲道我们必须全力以赴,唯一的方法是好好地管理时间,优先处理讲道事工相关的事情。除非你平日花时间做好准备,否则你无法带有圣灵大能作宣讲。

4. 带有权能的宣讲:传道者必须学习宣讲神的道

我们一生的目标是宣讲神的道。「务要传道,不论得时不得时」(提摩太后书4:2)。不管我们身处在怎样的环境,也不管我们欣然与否,我们都被授予宣讲神的道的职任,没有别的。

进行释经讲道是传道者的责任,向神的子民传递神的信息。因此,我们必须认识圣经所包含的范畴,让我们能够宣讲「神全部的旨意」(参使徒行传20:27)。

合符圣经的宣讲并非以我们自己或其他人的思想概念为中心,我们必须忠于神的道,让神透过祂的道祝福祂的子民。

我们必须按照文法和历史背景宣讲经文的文本。寓意释经必须局限于真正有寓意的经文。只有当我们在历史和神学背景下研究语法和文法结构时,我们才可以恰当和准确地宣讲神的道。

另外,当我们研读圣经时,重点是基督。因为圣经从首至尾的焦点都是救恩历史。那荣耀基督的宣讲会得到从神而来的荣耀。

5. 带有权能的宣讲:传道者不应专注结果

传道者不应醉心于自己事工的结果。与其把焦点放在我们能看见、可量度的事物上,我们应把焦点放在基督给我们的呼召和圣工上,把结果交给祂。

为肉体而作的事情,得不到神的祝福。另一方面,传道者也不应因看不见宣讲的回应而感到气馁。这是自我中心和骄傲的行为表现。有没有回应并非讨论议题,我们宣讲的推动力是神呼召我们,我们必须把结果交给祂。

6. 带有权能的宣讲:传道者必须对个人圣洁、成长和祷告充满热忱

假如你仍活在罪中,神不会赐你圣灵的大能。传道者必须有一颗清洁的心,才得到神的聆听。「我若心里注重罪孽,主必不听」(诗篇66:18)。我们必须像运动员自律,免得我们把福音传给别人,自已却被弃绝(哥林多前书9:27)。神是圣洁的神,祂希望我们圣洁(参彼得前书1:16;提摩太前书3:2)

传道者也要在信心和与神的关系上成长,那么,他们才可以期望他们的会众在灵性上长进。意即我们必须委身、深化我们与神的亲密关系,透过神的话语增加对神的认识。

我们是羊的真牧人,并非雇工(约翰福音 10:11-14 )。真牧人会花时间祷告、研读圣经和默想。透过这些活动和牧长一起,并在灵性上成长。

7. 带有权能的宣讲:传道者与他的宣讲合而为一

圣经的真理在传道者向会众宣讲前,必先在传道者身上产生效力。传道者必先把经文应用在自己身上,然后应用在会众身上。他自己便是他所传的道的活见证;否则,他的宣讲无力。你不能宣讲你自己不信的,或不肯遵从的。

就如「道(基督自己)成了肉身,住在我们中间」(约翰福音 1:14 )。因此,我们必须在会众前行神的道,把真理具体化表现出来。作为活的道的代言人,我们必须与我们的宣讲合而为一。

8. 带有权能的宣讲:传道者必须明白,在那日要站在基督的审判桌前,为宣讲交账

我们的工作不能欠缺意义和价值。有些传道者在一段日子后,变得墨守城规,忘记了他被呼召的工作是何等伟大,忘记了呼召他的那位的善。

传道者必须相信他们的工作有永恒的影响。在神眼中有极高的评价。他们必须准备、期待神祝福他们的讲章,期待神祝福他们的宣讲。宣讲时,他们应充满热诚,期待与神在宣讲时刻相遇。

在那日我们全都站在基督的审判桌前为我们的宣讲交账:我们的动机、准备、祷告生活、研读圣经所付出的努力和我们的真诚,全部都会被评核。

因此,人们对我们宣讲的意见,并不是最重要的,神怎样评价我们的宣讲才最重要。所以,绝不可让我们的工作变得随便或庸俗;我们必须服事主耶稣基督。让我们讲道时,不要忘怀那一天,我们要面对主,交代我们是怎样履行祂交给我们的工作。

9. 带有权能的宣讲:传道者必须将神的道应用在会众身上

我们要把神的道铭刻在人的心里,并且激励他们作回应。若只有准确的释经,并不足够, 我们要同时传递神给他们的特别信息。

按我们对神的道的理解作宣讲的同时,还须考虑让神的道改变人的生命,并呼召人回应这道。传道者并非以自身对文理的知识或诠释技巧使人钦佩,而是使人信服并执行神的道,执行真理。他们必须求神在他们激励人回应神的道时,赐他们有力的劝勉和应用神的道。

10. 带有权能的宣讲:传道者必须对灵魂得救存着热忱

传道者要有与神相同的心肠 – 拯救灵魂, 这是神差派祂的儿子为人的罪舍命,这是神呼召人归向自己的原因。

当有一个罪人悔改回转,天堂为此欢呼。我们的宣讲应以此为目的,让我们的宣讲为神带来喜乐。我们要作出呼召,呼唤人悔改回转,接受基督为救主。

神「不愿有一人沉沦,乃愿人人都悔改」(彼得后书 3:9 )。所以,我们宣讲神的福音的目标,是领人悔改归向神。

第二部份:讲道的准备

「草拟用一句话归纳你的讲章 」

当你已经构想好你的重点(即讲章的纲要),下一步是草拟论点(即整体的概念),我喜欢称它为「把讲章归纳为一句句子」。这通常是引言的一部份。

你可能一开始已能作出草拟,也许在较后期才做到(甚或在最后阶段)。在现阶段草拟论点最理想,它为讲章余下的准备工作提供方向,因释经的各重点都须与它连接,并从这论点发展。因此,你须尽早草拟订你的论点。

把讲章归纳成一句句子,它从文本的主要思想发展出来,是经文的整体概念。它是一个思想、建议和须考虑的主题或主体。海斯乐(Greg Heisler)这样表达:「这是文本清晰地述说的主要思想,意味深长和满载着神学的句子,你的听众永不会忘记它。」[Greg Heisler, Spirit Led Preaching (Nashville: B & H, 2007), 77] 乔怀德(J. H. Jowett)说:「直至传道者能将他的信息浓缩为一句句子,没有人已作好宣讲的准备。」[威廉菲奇William Fitch in “The Glory of Preaching” (Christianity Today, January 20, 1967) 的引句。]

这是信息的核心,把讲章简洁地概括起来 。它如新闻标题浓缩、简练、易记,不单吸引注意,并将整篇讲章归纳起来,这论点表达了你将要说的信息要旨,它总结了整篇讲章的教导。尽管人们记不起别的,那是你希望他们能认识的。

因此,把讲章归纳为一句句子,就如重点一样,必须:

1. ... 用现在或将来时态表达,和

2. ... 所有人和所有时间都可以应用。

A. 把讲章归纳为一句句子的目的是甚么?

目的是...

1. 总结经文的释经,把讲章大纲的所有重点捆在一起。

2. 将诠释结合。

3. 引导会众你将要宣讲的内容。(这是我在引言部份把建议写下来的原因。)

4. 建立讲章的结构。

B. 把讲章归纳为一句句子的四个类别

1. 需要证实的论点,或需要回答的问题。

这形式的句子是要说服听众。你回答这问题:「这是真的吗? 你有甚么证明? 」

2. 一个需要解释或重申的想法或概念。

你的目的是希望听众明白。你回答这问题:「这是甚么意思? 」

3. 劝勉或呼吁顺服。

你的目的是要推动听众。你回答这问题:「我为何关注? 它带给我的生命甚么差异? 怎样应用在我身上? 」

4. 一个应该相信的原则。

你的目的是希望听众接受这真理。你回答这问题:「我为何要相信? 」

这四类句子都有其目标:说服听众信靠顺服。

C. 把讲章归纳为一句句子的不同形式

你可以使用不同形式来组织你的句子:

1. 设问句(自问自答)。

2. 作出宣告并加以证明或解释。

3. 劝勉你将要推动的。例如:「让我们...」,「我们应...」

若情况许可,尝试使你的句子适用于你的听众群体。你可使用「我们」、「你们」和「我们的」... 让人们知道今天的信息是给他们的,并非纯粹一篇从古代文献而来的信息。这样,你表达你的信息和听众相关,讲章的要旨是向他们传递的。

D. 把讲章归纳为一句句子的例子

也许列出一些例子对你有帮助。以下是我把讲章归纳为一句句子的一些例子:

诗篇第一篇:「敬虔和不敬虔的道路永不相遇。」

创世记 21:8-21 :「黑暗之后是黎明;麻烦之后常奏凯歌。」

创世记 32:22-32 :「黎明纾困之前,总是苦难之夜。」

出埃及记 3:1-10 :「神与平凡人在平凡处境相遇,却向他们启示不平凡的事。」

约翰福音 1:1-5 :「在基督里我们看见神的荣耀,祂把神完完全全向我们启示,因祂是神。」

约翰福音 1:6-13 :「基督是真光,祂来到世上让我们知道通往神的道路。」

约翰福音 3:22-46 :「真实可信的事工是彰显基督,祂成为一切,我们算不得甚么。」

约翰福音 4:46-54 :「我们一切所需的良方是信神的话语。」

哥林多前书 2:1-5 :「宣讲的大能从神的话语和神的灵而来,非出于人的智慧或言辞。」

加拉太书 3:10-14 :「信靠基督是得到神接纳的唯一途径。」

腓立比书 1:27-30 :「由福音驱动的教会,在行为和勇气上不断增强福音。」

腓立比书 3:1-14 :「真诚的悔改回转归向神,带来真正的改变。」

帖撒逻尼迦前书 1:1-10 :「以神为中心的人,言行与福音相称。」

提摩太前书 3:14-16 :「教会给世界的信息是有关基督的真理。」

希伯来书 11:8-10 :「短暂的岁月中,信心给我们永恒的洞察力。」

希伯来书 12:18-24 :「透过耶稣基督和祂的救赎工作是亲近神的唯一途径。」

彼得后书 1:16-21 :「因我们有可靠的来源,我们肯定基督再来。」

第三部份:灵修性释经

「事奉者的责任」第一点:「基督教事工的错误观念」(哥林多前书 3:5-17 )

欧德福 Dr. Stephen F. Olford

引言 :我们看到哥林多教会导致分裂的第一个根源是他们对福音信息的误解。现在,使徒转到第二个根源,那是对基督教事工的错误观念。他已预先考虑他的对象,现在他详细地处理。他有两大考虑,第一项是事奉者向神应有的责任(林前3:5-17);第二项则是事奉者向神问责(林前3:18-4:5 )。让我们逐项处理。这篇文章将处理第一项,下次才处理第二项。

开始这段落的钥句是极棒的句子。保罗说:「... 因为我们是与神同工的;你们是神所耕种的田地,所建造的房屋。」(哥林多前书3:9) 这节经文的每个事例都强调「神」,底层含意是人只是次要。神是首,因此,神在基督徒的生命和事奉,都有主权,人只是与神同工。接着,保罗指出事奉者在两个范畴的责任:第一个是「神的田地」;另一个是「神的房屋」。让我们顺序思考,需要格外留意保罗所使用的比喻。

I. 神的田地

保罗说:「 我栽种了,亚波罗浇灌了,惟有神叫他生长。」(哥林多前书3:6) 处理基督徒事奉的问题,保罗提出一个问题:「 亚波罗算甚么? 保罗算甚么? 无非是执事,照主所赐给他们各人的,引导你们相信。」(哥林多前书3:5) 保罗在这里使用了一个中性的词, 让重点转离传道者,将注意集中在其职能。接着,保罗回答自己的问题,他指出他们都只是执事(事奉者/仆人),神藉着他们使哥林多人信了主。

「执事」常在新约作为对服事神的基督徒的称谓。保罗明显是强调在主人面前仆人的低下身份。所有服事若不荣耀主,反而荣耀受聘的事奉者是荒谬的。保罗和亚波罗只是神藉着他们在哥林多教会工作的器皿。为了强调这一点,使徒使用比喻,把事工描述有如在神的田地里工作:

1) 保罗是栽种者。「我栽种了...」(哥林多前书3:6)。栽种是重要的工作,然而生命并非在栽种者手中,却从他所栽种的种子而来。没有栽种者在他把种子放进泥土以前,便算完成责任。但栽种者比任何人都明白,他不能向种子传递生命的信息。

2) 亚波罗是浇灌者。「... 亚波罗浇灌了... 」(哥林多前书 3:6 ) 浇灌如栽种一般,都是种子成长和发展所必须的。同样地,生长的秘密在种子本身;它需要被放进泥土里,需要浇水,但生命的原理,既非栽种者,也非浇灌者,而在收成时表达出来,是神给予增长。有英译本「栽种」和「浇灌」使用现在完成式,而神给予的增长使用进行式,表达保罗和亚波罗已完成他们的工作,但神却继续赐予生长,一代接一代都是如此。事奉者来到,事奉者离去,但神却永远祝福祂的教会。这是必须的过程,好让人知道栽种的算不得甚么,浇灌的算不得甚么,只在乎那使它生长的神(第7节)。栽种者和浇灌者要照自己的工夫得自己的赏赐(第8节),但他们只是替主工作的仆人,履行职责的男与女。现在让我们转到保罗所使用的另一个比喻,在那里他详细阐述。

II. 神的房屋

刚才我们已经观察到保罗使用农耕的词汇来讨论神的工作,而现在他使用更形象化的描述。他宣称神的工作是一座房屋,为神工作是为永恒建设。当我们处理这课题时,让我们不要把这真理转离我们自己,指保罗的目标是传道者或教师。我们必须紧记神的道向每个相信的心挑战。为永恒建设有三个要点,让我们一起思考:

1) 动机必须纯正。保罗把动机归纳为「我照神所给我的恩,好像一个聪明的工头,立好了根基,... 」(哥林多前书 3:10 ) 如果我们为神工作,我们的动机必须从神给我们的恩典而出。基本上包括:

a) 得救是出于恩典。「你们得救是本乎恩,也因着信;这并不是出于自己,乃是神所赐的」(以弗所书2:8) 按上下文 ,保罗宣称没有得救的,灵性已死。死人不能建造。人得救是出于神的恩典,亦只有在得救的人找到正确的动机。因此,保罗宣称按神给他的恩赐,他是聪明的工头,他明显包含了神的救赎恩典。

b) 由恩典塑造出来 。「... 我今日成了何等人,是蒙神的恩才成的 ... 」(哥林多前书 15:10 ) 和保罗一样,信徒必定能够意识到恩典在生命中活跃地工作。,将动机净化和调节,以符合神的旨意。当保罗说「是蒙神的恩」时,他脑海中不单有神拯救的工作,还有成圣的工作。

c) 恩典的呼召。「... 那把我从母腹里分别出来、又施恩召我的神 , 既然乐意将他儿子启示在我心里,叫我把他传在外邦人中... 」(加拉太书 1:15, 16 ) 只有在恩典下的呼召,信徒才能认识从纯正动机而来的喜乐。隐含在第10节的至为重要。透过恩典,我们不单认识救恩、成圣,还有神加添服事能力(第10节)。保罗强调事奉者若在神的恩典和大能以外,没有多大意义。

纯正动机是因神的恩典,那不单充满权柄,还有能力和雄心壮志为永恒建设。接着是:

2) 方法必须正确。使徒告诉我们,作为建造者,我们必须注意所采用的方法(第10节)。他接着指出正确的建造方法必须建基在耶稣基督已立好的根基上。他使用:「... 好像一个聪明的工头,立好了根基... 因为那已经立好的根基就是耶稣基督,此外没有人能立别的根基。」(哥林多前书3:10-11) 从实际角度来说,方法连于根基, 有三项重要要求:

a)  突显基督的重要 。有关在哥林多传道,保罗说:「因为我曾定了主意,在你们中间不知道别的,只知道耶稣基督并他钉十字架。」(哥林多前书2:2)在这段落,他还说:「主知道智慧人的意念是虚妄的。所以无论谁,都不可拿人夸口... 」(哥林多前书 3:20, 21 ) 使徒是要确保他没有低贬他的主、他的神,神是无可比拟的,是荣耀的。你和我也要以此作标准,测试我们的建造方法。我们要常常问自己:这或那事工突显还是低贬主的重要性?

b) 突显耶稣基督的工作 。保罗要让哥林多人不知道别的,只知「... 耶稣基督和祂钉十字架」(2:2)。在建造方面,保罗使用这方式。当他写信给加拉太信徒时,他说:「我断不以别的夸口,只夸我们主耶稣基督的十字架;因这十字架,就我而论,世界已经钉在十字架上;就世界而论,我已经钉在十字架上。」(加拉太书6:14) 他知道,在神以外,十字架代表死亡。诚然,在这书信的这节经文之前,他主要讨论这问题。同样地,我们亦需要查看我们的宣讲、教导和为神作工,我们没有做任何低贬了基督工作的事情,使「基督的十字架落了空」。(哥林多前书1:17

c)  突显基督的道 。在同一节(哥林多前书1:17),保罗强调「... 基督差遣我,原不是为施洗,乃是为传福音...」,他毫不犹豫地宣讲福音是什么。从这几期灵修释经的研究,我们可以看到保罗不单详细阐述福音的人物、团契、传扬福音和对福音的理解。主的仆人的伟大信息是十字架。从使徒在加拉太书1:8-10说:「但无论是我们,是天上来的使者,若传福音给你们,与我们所传给你们的不同,他就应当被咒诅。我们已经说了,现在又说,若有人传福音给你们,与你们所领受的不同,他就应当被咒诅。我现在是要得人的心呢? 还是要得神的心呢? 我岂是讨人的喜欢么? 若仍旧讨人的喜欢,我就不是基督的仆人了。」从这话可以观察到他有多着重啊! 他强烈批评那些偏离神的道的传道者。他严肃的措词不容被误解,我们必须铭记于心。保罗明确肯定:我们所做的任何事,若不彰显主耶稣基督的道,会被视为没有价值的服事,在永恒的测试中站立不稳。使用正确的方法彰显主耶稣基督,祂的工作和教导是何其重要! 任何方法若低贬这基石的重要性和效力,是彻底失败。因此,建造时,在我们每放一块砖头前,都需要小心检测我们的方法。最后,我们要留心:

3) 使用正确的材料。「若有人用金、银、宝石、草木,禾楷在这根基上建造,各人的工程必然显露,因为那日子要将他表明出来,有火发现;这火要试验各人的工程怎样。」(哥林多前书3:12-13) 当保罗谈及建屋的材料时, 他明显记起在哥林多的火灾,整个城市被烧毁,每个目击者都上了宝贵的一课。那些使用金、银、宝石,有厚云石和花岗石板,精心建造的宏伟建筑物都能幸免于难;那些使用干草、茅草和禾楷造墙的简陋住所则化为灰烬。聪明的建筑师有正确的动机,使用正确的方法和材料,能使所建造的得以存留;他人则除自己性命外,别的都失去。因此,保罗的意思是使用正确的材料十分重要。当然,这是象征语言,保罗教导中的「金、银、宝石」代表:

a) 得到赏赐的事奉。「各人的工程必然显露,因为那日子要将他表明出来,有火发现;这火要试验各人的工程怎样。人在那根基上所建造的工程若存得住,他就要得赏赐。」(哥林多前书3:13-14) 那「 日」是可畏的,所有信徒都站在主的审判桌前,他们的服事都受到火的考验。通过主的评审得赏赐,即「金、银、宝石」。代表属灵的事奉,因金代表神的本质,属灵的事奉由圣灵的大能完成。认识我们所做的一切需要得到圣灵的充满和膏抹是何等重要! 代表牺牲的事奉。在圣经里,银一贯代表基督的牺牲与救赎(参出埃及记30:11-15)。要得到神的悦纳,事奉必须含牺牲与救赎,从感谢基督和被钉十字架的爱出发。宝石代表忠贞不渝的事奉。一般人联想到珠宝,但它却指伟大建筑所使用的贵重物料,例如以弗所华丽的黛安娜神庙,使用的各种云石和花岗石被视为可以防火和不可摧毁的。这些石头代表信徒忠贞不渝,不动摇的信心和工作,这些是美好事奉的特性。使徒提醒我们,火「考验各人的工程」。另一方面,草木,禾楷代表:

b) 被拒的事奉。「人的工程若被烧了,他就要受亏损... 」(哥林多前书 3:15 ) 草木和禾楷是会消失的材料,有其象征意义。代表不小心的事奉。它代表人独立的技能、精力和能力。看似丰丽和庞大,却代表没有用的事奉(参约伯记21:18), 它表征以完成基本目的为目标的任务,但从牺牲角度而言,却毫无价值。这些事奉的性质经不起火的考验。诚然,如使徒说:「人的工程若被烧了,他就要受亏损...」 (哥林多前书3:15) 看到所谓为神而做的事奉随烟消逝,是何等糟糕的经验! 那些不小心,没有价值和没有用的生命,如将熄灭的碳块被拾起,压在主那曾被钉的手中,生出难以启齿的愧疚,无言以对,只好说:「这是我一生献呈给你的。」

结论 。保罗以极可怕的措辞结束这段经文,他问:「岂不知你们是神的殿,神的灵住在你们里头么? 若有人毁坏神的殿,神必要毁坏那人;因为神的殿是圣的,这殿就是你们。」(哥林多前书3:16-17) 保罗说教会是神的殿,是圣灵的居所,若非动机正确 ,使用正确的方法和材料建造,是毁坏神的殿。犯这罪的,将被神毁灭。在这严肃的事实的亮光下,作为事奉者、基督徒的工作者,我们的责任是建造神的殿,而非毁坏它。「毁坏」意即「伤害、毁掉、毁坏或损害」。使徒明确地肯定如有人毁掉、伤害或损害这殿,神会毁掉他们。让我们小心在意这些严厉的话,这话是从神的宝座发出。让我们紧记甚么是事奉者的责任。按保罗的话,我们与神同工,栽种和浇灌神的田地,建造和服事神的殿。将来在天堂,我们要为这两方面所做的一切交账。在那日,神赐予我们不受永远的亏损;反之,我们会得到丰富的赏赐,听到主说:「好,你这又良善又忠心的仆人... 可以进来享受你主人的快乐。」(马太福音25:21)。

第四部份:讲道大纲

要聆听这几篇英语讲道,请点击链接: 约翰福音 14:1-2, Pt. 1 ; 约翰福音 14:2, Pt. 2 , 约翰福音 14:3-6, Pt. 3

标题:我是道路、真理、生命

第一点:耶稣有治愈受烦扰的心的方法( 1 )

1. 停止困扰

2. 继续相信

第二点:耶稣有治愈受烦扰的心的保证( 2-6 )

1. 耶稣给我们天堂存在的保证( 2 )

a) 因耶稣的应许

b) 因耶稣已预备地方

2. 耶稣给我们进天堂的保证( 3 )

a) 因耶稣会再来

b) 因耶稣带我们到那里

3. 耶稣确保我们知道通往天堂的方向( 4-6 )

a) 因耶稣是道路

b) 因耶稣是真理

c) 因耶稣是生命

Related Topics: Pastors

網上牧師雜誌 – 中文版(繁體), TCh Ed, Issue 25 2017年 秋季

2017年 秋季
作者: 羅傑.帕斯科博士(Dr. Roger Pascoe)
聖言宣講學院院長
(President, The Institute for Biblical Preaching)
加拿大安大略省劍橋市
(http://tibp.ca/)

C:\Users\Roger\Documents\My Documents\Institute for Biblical Preaching\Forms, Binder Cover Page, Logo\IBP Logos\IBP Logo.jpg

「增強在教會裡的講道與領導能力」

第一部份:宣講的大能(第八點)

「帶有權能的宣講的十個建議」

1. 帶有權能的宣講:傳道者必須認清他的呼召

傳道者必須認清他的呼召:作為信徒和傳道者的呼召。

假如傳道者不是基督徒,只為宣講而研讀聖經和預備信息,是毫無益處的。若我們不為聖經所動,並經歷轉化,我們無法有效地宣講。若不認識基督,又怎能「宣講基督的信息」呢!

傳道者應「更加殷勤,使你們所蒙的恩召和揀選堅定不移」(彼得後書1:10)。他們是神「預先所定下的人又召他們來」(羅馬書8:30)。若我們不肯定神在我們生命中的呼召,我們無法肯定神呼召我們傳道。

當我們肯定我們已經重生,我們必須檢測神是否呼召我們當傳道者。有很多傳道者在一段時間後,發現神並非呼召他們作宣講的職事。神給他們很多恩賜服事教會,但並非呼召他們作宣講。我們渴望服事神,並不意味那是宣講事工。

2. 帶有權能的宣講:傳道者必須以聖經為最高權威的觀點

有很多傳道者或許很具說服力,可是他們並不以聖經為最高權威。漸漸地,他們的宣講欠缺從聖靈而來的大能,因這大能只有那些擁抱聖經的啟示是絕對有價值的人才得到。

傳道者若不完全堅信聖經的啟示,他不應踏上講壇。若你不完全確信聖經完全準確,並承認聖經的權威,你不能作帶有權柄的宣講。除非你毫無保留地相信聖經是神的話語,你不能確切地說「這是主所說的」。

3. 帶有權能的宣講:傳道者必須把宣講呼召放在別的呼召之上

假如我們被呼召作為一位基督徒,也被呼召宣講神的道,我們必須把宣講神的道放在首位。牧者的其他呼召都不可使我們在宣講事工的承諾與責任上作出妥協。當我們編排每周的工作時,預備講章和宣講神的道擁有優先位置。別的需要與願望都嘗試奪取得到優先處理;然而,宣講和預備講章絕不可被擠出來。

星期天的講道我們必須全力以赴,唯一的方法是好好地管理時間,優先處理講道事工相關的事情。除非你平日花時間做好準備,否則你無法帶有聖靈大能作宣講。

4. 帶有權能的宣講:傳道者必須學習宣講神的道

我們一生的目標是宣講神的道。「務要傳道,不論得時不得時」(提摩太後書4:2)。不管我們身處在怎樣的環境,也不管我們欣然與否,我們都被授予宣講神的道的職任,沒有別的。

進行釋經講道是傳道者的責任,向神的子民傳遞神的信息。因此,我們必須認識聖經所包含的範疇,讓我們能夠宣講「神全部的旨意」(參使徒行傳20:27)。

合符聖經的宣講並非以我們自己或其他人的思想概念為中心,我們必須忠於神的道,讓神透過祂的道祝福祂的子民。

我們必須按照文法和歷史背景宣講經文的文本。寓意釋經必須局限於真正有寓意的經文。只有當我們在歷史和神學背景下研究語法和文法結構時,我們才可以恰當和準確地宣講神的道。

另外,當我們研讀聖經時,重點是基督。因為聖經從首至尾的焦點都是救恩歷史。那榮耀基督的宣講會得到從神而來的榮耀。

5. 帶有權能的宣講:傳道者不應專注結果

傳道者不應醉心於自己事工的結果。與其把焦點放在我們能看見、可量度的事物上,我們應把焦點放在基督給我們的呼召和聖工上,把結果交給祂。

為肉體而作的事情,得不到神的祝福。另一方面,傳道者也不應因看不見宣講的回應而感到氣餒。這是自我中心和驕傲的行為表現。有沒有回應並非討論議題,我們宣講的推動力是神呼召我們,我們必須把結果交給祂。

6. 帶有權能的宣講:傳道者必須對個人聖潔、成長和禱告充滿熱忱

假如你仍活在罪中,神不會賜你聖靈的大能。傳道者必須有一顆清潔的心,才得到神的聆聽。「我若心裡注重罪孽,主必不聽」(詩篇66:18)。我們必須像運動員自律,免得我們把福音傳給別人,自已卻被棄絕(哥林多前書9:27)。神是聖潔的神,祂希望我們聖潔(參彼得前書1:16;提摩太前書3:2)

傳道者也要在信心和與神的關係上成長,那麼,他們才可以期望他們的會眾在靈性上長進。意即我們必須委身、深化我們與神的親密關係,透過神的話語增加對神的認識。

我們是羊的真牧人,並非僱工(約翰福音10:11-14)。真牧人會花時間禱告、研讀聖經和默想。透過這些活動和牧長一起,並在靈性上成長。

7. 帶有權能的宣講:傳道者與他的宣講合而為一

聖經的真理在傳道者向會眾宣講前,必先在傳道者身上產生效力。傳道者必先把經文應用在自己身上,然後應用在會眾身上。他自己便是他所傳的道的活見證;否則,他的宣講無力。你不能宣講你自己不信的,或不肯遵從的。

就如「道(基督自己)成了肉身,住在我們中間」(約翰福音1:14)。因此,我們必須在會眾前行神的道,把真理具體化表現出來。作為活的道的代言人,我們必須與我們的宣講合而為一。

8. 帶有權能的宣講:傳道者必須明白,在那日要站在基督的審判桌前,為宣講交賬

我們的工作不能欠缺意義和價值。有些傳道者在一段日子後,變得墨守城規,忘記了他被呼召的工作是何等偉大,忘記了呼召他的那位的善。

傳道者必須相信他們的工作有永恆的影響。在神眼中有極高的評價。他們必須準備、期待神祝福他們的講章,期待神祝福他們的宣講。宣講時,他們應充滿熱誠,期待與神在宣講時刻相遇。

在那日,我們全都站在基督的審判桌前為我們的宣講交賬:我們的動機、準備、禱告生活、研讀聖經所付出的努力和我們的真誠,全部都會被評核。

因此,人們對我們宣講的意見,並不是最重要的,神怎樣評價我們的宣講才最重要。所以,絕不可讓我們的工作變得隨便或庸俗;我們必須服事主耶穌基督。讓我們講道時,不要忘懷那一天,我們要面對主,交代我們是怎樣履行祂交給我們的工作。

9. 帶有權能的宣講:傳道者必須將神的道應用在會眾身上

我們要把神的道銘刻在人的心裡,並且激勵他們作回應。若只有準確的釋經,並不足夠,我們要同時傳遞神給他們的特別信息。

按我們對神的道的理解作宣講的同時,還須考量讓神的道改變人的生命,並呼召人回應這道。傳道者並非以自身對文理的知識或詮釋技巧使人欽佩,而是使人信服並執行神的道,執行真理。他們必須求神在他們激勵人回應神的道時,賜他們有力的勸勉和應用神的道。

10. 帶有權能的宣講:傳道者必須對靈魂得救存著熱忱

傳道者要有與神相同的心腸 – 拯救靈魂,這是神差派祂的兒子為人的罪捨命,這是神呼召人歸向自己的原因。

當有一個罪人悔改回轉,天堂為此歡呼。我們的宣講應以此為目的,讓我們的宣講為神帶來喜樂。我們要作出呼召,呼喚人悔改回轉,接受基督為救主。

神「不願有一人沉淪,乃願人人都悔改」(彼得後書3:9)。所以,我們宣講神的福音的目標,是領人悔改歸向神。

第二部份:講道的準備

「草擬用一句話歸納你的講章」

當你已經構想好你的重點(即講章的綱要),下一步是草擬論點(即整體的概念),我喜歡稱它為「把講章歸納為一句句子」。這通常是引言的一部份。

你可能一開始已能作出草擬,也許在較後期才做到(甚或在最後階段)。在現階段草擬論點最理想,它為講章餘下的準備工作提供方向,因釋經的各重點都須與它連接,並從這論點發展。因此,你須盡早草擬訂你的論點。

講章歸納成一句句子,它從文本的主要思想發展出來,是經文的整體概念。它是一個思想、建議和須考慮的主題或主體。海斯樂(Greg Heisler)這樣表達:「這是文本清晰地述說的主要思想,意味深長和滿載著神學的句子,你的聽眾永不會忘記它。」[Greg Heisler, Spirit Led Preaching (Nashville: B & H, 2007), 77] 喬懷德(J. H. Jowett)說:「直至傳道者能將他的信息濃縮為一句句子,沒有人已作好宣講的準備。」[威廉菲奇William Fitch in “The Glory of Preaching” (Christianity Today, January 20, 1967) 的引句。]

這是信息的核心,把講章簡潔地概括起來。它如新聞標題濃縮、簡練、易記,不單吸引注意,並將整篇講章歸納起來,這論點表達了你將要說的信息要旨,它總結了整篇講章的教導。儘管人們記不起別的,那是你希望他們能認識的。

因此,把講章歸納為一句句子,就如重點一樣,必須:

1. …用現在或將來時態表達,和

2. …所有人和所有時間都可以應用。

A. 把講章歸納為一句句子的目的是甚麼?

目的是…

1. 總結經文的釋經,把講章大綱的所有重點綑在一起。

2. 將詮釋結合。

3. 引導會眾你將要宣講的內容。(這是我在引言部份把建議寫下來的原因。)

4. 建立講章的結構。

B. 把講章歸納為一句句子的四個類別

1. 要證實的論點,或需要回答的問題。

這形式的句子是要說服聽眾。你回答這問題:「這是真的嗎?你有甚麼證明?」

2. 一個需要解釋或重申的想法或概念。

你的目的是希望聽眾明白。你回答這問題:「這是甚麼意思?」

3. 勸勉或呼籲順服。

你的目的是要推動聽眾。你回答這問題:「我為何關注?它帶給我的生命甚麼差異?怎樣應用在我身上?」

4. 一個應該相信的原則。

你的目的是希望聽眾接受這真理。你回答這問題:「我為何要相信?」

這四類句子都有其目標:說服聽眾信靠順服。

C. 把講章歸納為一句句子的不同形式

你可以使用不同形式來組織你的句子:

1. 設問句(自問自答)。

2. 作出宣告並加以證明或解釋。

3. 勸勉你將要推動的。例如:「讓我們…」,「我們應…」

若情況許可,嘗試使你的句子適用於你的聽眾群體。你可使用「我們」、「你們」和「我們的」…讓人們知道今天的信息是給他們的,並非純粹一篇從古代文獻而來的信息。這樣,你表達你的信息和聽眾相關,講章的要旨是向他們傳遞的。

D. 把講章歸納為一句句子的例子

也許列出一些例子對你有幫助。以下是我把講章歸納為一句句子的一些例子:

詩篇第一篇:「敬虔和不敬虔的道路永不相遇。」

創世記21:8-21:「黑暗之後是黎明;麻煩之後常奏凱歌。」

創世記32:22-32:「黎明紓困之前,總是苦難之夜。」

出埃及記3:1-10:「神與平凡人在平凡處境相遇,卻向他們啟示不平凡的事。」

約翰福音1:1-5:「在基督裡我們看見神的榮耀,祂把神完完全全向我們啟示,因祂是神。」

約翰福音1:6-13:「基督是真光,祂來到世上讓我們知道通往神的道路。」

約翰福音3:22-46:「真實可信的事工是彰顯基督,祂成為一切,我們算不得甚麼。」

約翰福音4:46-54:「我們一切所需的良方是信神的話語。」

哥林多前書2:1-5:「宣講的大能從神的話語和神的靈而來,非出於人的智慧或言辭。」

加拉太書3:10-14:「信靠基督是得到神接納的唯一途徑。」

腓立比書1:27-30:「由福音驅動的教會,在行為和勇氣上不斷增強福音。」

腓立比書3:1-14:「真誠的悔改回轉歸向神,帶來真正的改變。」

帖撒邏尼迦前書1:1-10:「以神為中心的人,言行與福音相稱。」

提摩太前書3:14-16:「教會給世界的信息是有關基督的真理。」

希伯來書11:8-10:「短暫的歲月中,信心給我們永恆的洞察力。」

希伯來書12:18-24:「透過耶穌基督和祂的救贖工作是親近神的唯一途徑。」

彼得後書1:16-21:「因我們有可靠的來源,我們肯定基督再來。」

第三部份:靈修性釋經

「事奉者的責任」第一點:「基督教事工的錯誤觀念」(哥林多前書3:5-17)

歐德福Dr. Stephen F. Olford

引言:我們看到哥林多教會導致分裂的第一個根源是他們對福音信息的誤解。現在,使徒轉到第二個根源,那是對基督教事工的錯誤觀念。他已預先考慮他的對象,現在他詳細地處理。他有兩大考量,第一項是事奉者向神應有的責任(林前3:5-17);第二項則是事奉者向神問責(林前3:18-4:5)。讓我們逐項處理。這篇文章將處理第一項,下次才處理第二項。

開始這段落的鑰句是極棒的句子。保羅說:「…因為我們是與神同工的;你們是神所耕種的田地,所建造的房屋。」(哥林多前書3:9) 這節經文的每個事例都強調「神」,底層含意是人只是次要。神是首,因此,神在基督徒的生命和事奉,都有主權,人只是與神同工。接著,保羅指出事奉者在兩個範疇的責任:第一個是「神的田地」;另一個是「神的房屋」。讓我們順序思考,需要格外留意保羅所使用的比喻。

I. 神的田地

保羅說:「我栽種了,亞波羅澆灌了,惟有神叫他生長。」(哥林多前書3:6) 處理基督徒事奉的問題,保羅提出一個問題:「亞波羅算甚麼?保羅算甚麼?無非是執事,照主所賜給他們各人的,引導你們相信。」(哥林多前書3:5) 保羅在這裡使用了一個中性的詞,讓重點轉離傳道者,將注意集中在其職能。接著,保羅回答自己的問題,他指出他們都只是執事(事奉者/僕人),神藉著他們使哥林多人信了主。

「執事」常在新約作為對服事神的基督徒的稱謂。保羅明顯是強調在主人面前僕人的低下身份。所有服事若不榮耀主,反而榮耀受聘的事奉者是荒謬的。保羅和亞波羅只是神藉著他們在哥林多教會工作的器皿。為了強調這一點,使徒使用比喻,把事工描述有如在神的田地裡工作:

1) 保羅是栽種者。「我栽種了…」(哥林多前書3:6)。栽種是重要的工作,然而生命並非在栽種者手中,卻從他所栽種的種子而來。沒有栽種者在他把種子放進泥土以前,便算完成責任。但栽種者比任何人都明白,他不能向種子傳遞生命的信息。

2) 亞波羅是澆灌者。「…亞波羅澆灌了…」(哥林多前書3:6) 澆灌如栽種一般,都是種子成長和發展所必須的。同樣地,生長的秘密在種子本身;它需要被放進泥土裡,需要澆水,但生命的原理,既非栽種者,也非澆灌者,而在收成時表達出來,是神給予增長。有英譯本「栽種」和「澆灌」使用現在完成式,而神給予的增長使用進行式,表達保羅和亞波羅已完成他們的工作,但神卻繼續賜予生長,一代接一代都是如此。事奉者來到,事奉者離去,但神卻永遠祝福祂的教會。這是必須的過程,好讓人知道栽種的算不得甚麼,澆灌的算不得甚麼,只在乎那使它生長的神(第7節)。栽種者和澆灌者要照自己的工夫得自己的賞賜(第8節),但他們只是替主工作的僕人,履行職責的男與女。現在讓我們轉到保羅所使用的另一個比喻,在那裡他詳細闡述。

II. 神的房屋

剛才我們已經觀察到保羅使用農耕的詞彙來討論神的工作,而現在他使用更形象化的描述。他宣稱神的工作是一座房屋,為神工作是為永恆建設。當我們處理這課題時,讓我們不要把這真理轉離我們自己,指保羅的目標是傳道者或教師。我們必須緊記神的道向每個相信的心挑戰。為永恆建設有三個要點,讓我們一起思考:

1) 動機必須純正。保羅把動機歸納為「我照神所給我的恩,好像一個聰明的工頭,立好了根基,…」(哥林多前書3:10) 如果我們為神工作,我們的動機必須從神給我們的恩典而出。基本上包括:

a) 得救是出於恩典。「你們得救是本乎恩,也因著信;這並不是出於自己,乃是神所賜的」(以弗所書2:8) 按上下文,保羅宣稱沒有得救的,靈性已死。死人不能建造。人得救是出於神的恩典,亦只有在得救的人找到正確的動機。因此,保羅宣稱按神給他的恩賜,他是聰明的工頭,他明顯包含了神的救贖恩典。

b) 由恩典塑造出來。「… 我今日成了何等人,是蒙神的恩才成的 …」(哥林多前書15:10) 和保羅一樣,信徒必定能夠意識到恩典在生命中活躍地工作。,將動機淨化和調節,以符合神的旨意。當保羅說「是蒙神的恩」時,他腦海中不單有神拯救的工作,還有成聖的工作。

c) 恩典的呼召。「…那把我從母腹裡分別出來、又施恩召我的神,既然樂意將他兒子啟示在我心裡,叫我把他傳在外邦人中…」(加拉太書1:15, 16) 只有在恩典下的呼召,信徒才能認識從純正動機而來的喜樂。隱含在第10節的至為重要。透過恩典,我們不單認識救恩、成聖,還有神加添服事能力(第10節)。保羅強調事奉者若在神的恩典和大能以外,沒有多大意義。

純正動機是因神的恩典,那不單充滿權柄,還有能力和雄心壯志為永恆建設。接著是:

2) 方法必須正確。使徒告訴我們,作為建造者,我們必須注意所採用的方法(第10節)。 他接著指出正確的建造方法必須建基在耶穌基督已立好的根基上。他使用:「…好像一個聰明的工頭,立好了根基…因為那已經立好的根基就是耶穌基督,此外沒有人能立別的根基。」(哥林多前書3:10-11) 從實際角度來說,方法連於根基,有三項重要要求:

a) 突顯基督的重要。有關在哥林多傳道,保羅說:「因為我曾定了主意,在你們中間不知道別的,只知道耶穌基督並他釘十字架。」(哥林多前書2:2)在這段落,他還說:「主知道智慧人的意念是虛妄的。所以無論誰,都不可拿人誇口…」(哥林多前書3:20, 21) 使徒是要確保他沒有低貶他的主、他的神,神是無可比擬的,是榮耀的。你和我也要以此作標準,測試我們的建造方法。我們要常常問自己:這或那事工突顯還是低貶主的重要性?

b) 突顯耶穌基督的工作。保羅要讓哥林多人不知道別的,只知「…耶穌基督和祂釘十字架」(2:2)。在建造方面,保羅都使用這方式。當他寫信給加拉太信徒時,他說:「我斷不以別的誇口,只誇我們主耶穌基督的十字架;因這十字架,就我而論,世界已經釘在十字架上;就世界而論,我已經釘在十字架上。」(加拉太書6:14) 他知道,在神以外,十字架代表死亡。誠然,在這書信的這節經文之前,他主要討論這問題。同樣地,我們亦需要查看我們的宣講、教導和為神作工,我們沒有做任何低貶了基督工作的事情,使「基督的十字架落了空」。(哥林多前書1:17

c) 突顯基督的道。在同一節(哥林多前書1:17),保羅強調「…基督差遣我,原不是為施洗,乃是為傳福音…」,他毫不猶豫地宣講福音是什麼。從這幾期靈修釋經的研究,我們可以看到保羅不單詳細闡述福音的人物、團契、傳揚福音和對福音的理解。主的僕人的偉大信息是十字架。從使徒在加拉太書1:8-10說:「但無論是我們,是天上來的使者,若傳福音給你們,與我們所傳給你們的不同,他就應當被咒詛。我們已經說了,現在又說,若有人傳福音給你們,與你們所領受的不同,他就應當被咒詛。我現在是要得人的心呢?還是要得神的心呢?我豈是討人的喜歡麼?若仍舊討人的喜歡,我就不是基督的僕人了。」從這話可以觀察到他有多著重啊!他強烈批評那些偏離神的道的傳道者。他嚴肅的措詞不容被誤解,我們必須銘記於心。保羅明確肯定:我們所做的任何事,若不彰顯主耶穌基督的道,會被視為沒有價值的服事,在永恆的測試中站立不穩。使用正確的方法彰顯主耶穌基督,祂的工作和教導是何其重要!任何方法若低貶這基石的重要性和效力,是徹底失敗。因此,建造時,在我們每放一塊磚頭前,都需要小心檢測我們的方法。最後,我們要留心:

3) 使用正確的材料。「若有人用金、銀、寶石、草木,禾楷在這根基上建造,各人的工程必然顯露,因為那日子要將他表明出來,有火發現;這火要試驗各人的工程怎樣。」(哥林多前書3:12-13) 當保羅談及建屋的材料時,他明顯記起在哥林多的火災,整個城市被燒毀,每個目擊者都上了寶貴的一課。那些使用金、銀、寶石,有厚雲石和花崗石板,精心建造的宏偉建築物都能幸免於難;那些使用乾草、茅草和禾楷造牆的簡陋住所則化為灰燼。聰明的建築師有正確的動機,使用正確的方法和材料,能使所建造的得以存留;他人則除自己性命外,別的都失去。因此,保羅的意思是使用正確的材料十分重要。當然,這是象徵語言,保羅教導中的「金、銀、寶石」代表:

a) 得到賞賜的事奉。「各人的工程必然顯露,因為那日子要將他表明出來,有火發現;這火要試驗各人的工程怎樣。人在那根基上所建造的工程若存得住,他就要得賞賜。」(哥林多前書3:13-14) 那「日」是可畏的,所有信徒都站在主的審判桌前,他們的服事都受到火的考驗。通過主的評審得賞賜,即「金、銀、寶石」。代表屬靈的事奉,因金代表神的本質,屬靈的事奉由聖靈的大能完成。認識我們所做的一切需要得到聖靈的充滿和膏抹是何等重要!代表犧牲的事奉。在聖經裡,銀一貫代表基督的犧牲與救贖(參出埃及記30:11-15)。要得到神的悅納,事奉必須含犧牲與救贖,從感謝基督和被釘十字架的愛出發。寶石代表忠貞不渝的事奉。一般人聯想到珠寶,但它卻指偉大建築所使用的貴重物料,例如以弗所華麗的黛安娜神廟,使用的各種雲石和花崗石被視為可以防火和不可摧毀的。這些石頭代表信徒忠貞不渝,不動搖的信心和工作。這些是美好事奉的特性。使徒提醒我們,火「考驗各人的工程」。另一方面,草木,禾楷代表:

b) 被拒的事奉。「人的工程若被燒了,他就要受虧損…」(哥林多前書3:15)草木和禾楷是會消失的材料,有其象徵意義。代表不小心的事奉。它代表人獨立的技能、精力和能力。看似豐麗和龐大,卻代表沒有用的事奉(參約伯記21:18),它表徵以完成基本目的為目標的任務,但從犧牲角度而言,卻毫無價值。這些事奉的性質經不起火的考驗。誠然,如使徒說:「人的工程若被燒了,他就要受虧損…」(哥林多前書3:15) 看到所謂為神而做的事奉隨煙消逝,是何等糟糕的經驗!那些不小心,沒有價值和沒有用的生命,如將熄滅的碳塊被拾起,壓在主那曾被釘的手中,生出難以啟齒的愧疚,無言以對,只好說:「這是我一生獻呈給你的。」

結論。保羅以極可怕的措辭結束這段經文,他問:「豈不知你們是神的殿,神的靈住在你們裡頭麼?若有人毀壞神的殿,神必要毀壞那人;因為神的殿是聖的,這殿就是你們。」(哥林多前書3:16-17) 保羅說教會是神的殿,是聖靈的居所,若非動機正確,使用正確的方法和材料建造,是毀壞神的殿。犯這罪的,將被神毀滅。在這嚴肅的事實的亮光下,作為事奉者、基督徒的工作者,我們的責任是建造神的殿,而非毀壞它。「毀壞」意即「傷害、毀掉、毀壞或損害」。使徒明確地肯定如有人毀掉、傷害或損害這殿,神會毀掉他們。讓我們小心在意這些嚴厲的話,這話是從神的寶座發出。讓我們緊記甚麼是事奉者的責任。按保羅的話,我們與神同工,栽種和澆灌神的田地,建造和服事神的殿。將來在天堂,我們要為這兩方面所做的一切交賬。在那日,神賜予我們不受永遠的虧損;反之,我們會得到豐富的賞賜,聽到主說:「好,你這又良善又忠心的僕人…可以進來享受你主人的快樂。」(馬太福音25:21)。

第四部份:講道大綱

要聆聽這幾篇英語講道,請點擊連結: 約翰福音14:1-2, Pt. 1; 約翰福音14:2, Pt. 2, 約翰福音14:3-6, Pt. 3

標題:我是道路、真理、生命

第一點:耶穌有治癒受煩擾的心的方法(1)

1. 停止困擾

2. 繼續相信

第二點:耶穌有治癒受煩擾的心的保證(2-6)

1. 耶穌給我們天堂存在的保證(2)

a) 因耶穌的應許

b) 因耶穌已預備地方

2. 耶穌給我們進天堂的保證(3)

a) 因耶穌會再來

b) 因耶穌帶我們到那裡

3. 耶穌確保我們知道通往天堂的方向(4-6)

a) 因耶穌是道路

b) 因耶穌是真理

c) 因耶穌是生命

Related Topics: Pastors

Be Quick About It

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The thought of quickness is very familiar. By “quick” may be intended to do something or move speedily. In some contexts quickness is associated with learning or understanding. Quickness can at times be associated with negative reactions such as reacting hastily so as to find fault with others or having a quick temper. It is not surprising, therefore, that the idea of quickness is found in the Scriptures.

Thus Isaiah describes certain people of his day as those whose feet “run after evil, and they rush to shed innocent blood” (Isa. 59:7).1 Hodge suggests that such a statement undergirds the truth that, “Human nature is depraved.”2 The author of the biblical book of Proverbs (Prov. 6:16-19) speaks of “six things that the LORD hates,” even “Seven things that are an abomination to Him” (v.16). The fifth of these is “feet that are swift to run to evil” (v.18).

In words commonly attributed to Solomon in the book of Ecclesiastes we read:

Guard your step when you go to the house of God. Better to draw near in obedience than to offer the sacrifice as fools do, for they are ignorant and do wrong. Be not hasty to speak, and do not be impulsive to make a speech before God. God is in heaven, and you are on earth, so let your words be few. (Ecclesiastes 5:1-2).

Similarly, such can be seen in James’ instructions to his readers: “Everyone must be quick to hear, slow to speak, and slow to anger.” (James 1:19). By way of practical application Guthrie comments,

The virtue of being a ready listener who knows how to control the tongue, and the corresponding moral danger of being a hot head, hasty talker, are widespread in both Hellenistic and Jewish literature.3

Our particular study takes us to the book of Psalms. As frequently in the Psalms, the 102nd Psalm begins with a prayer for God’s help. The Psalmist pleads for God to hear him and come to his assistance

LORD, hear my prayer; let my cry for help come before You.
Do not hide your face from me in my day of trouble.
Listen closely to me; answer me quickly when I call. (Ps. 102:1-2).

The Psalmists often asked for God’s help. A good example of this is found in the 143rd Psalm. Having begun his Psalm by pleading for the Lord’s help, the Psalmist subsequently asks for God’s quick reply.

Answer me quickly, LORD; my spirit fails.
Don’t hide your face from me,
Or I will be like those going down to the Pit. (v. 7).

Futato points out that the sense of urgency in his plea is “emphatic.” He goes on to say, “In the Hebrew text, where the word translated “quickly” is actually an imperative, “Hurry!”4

The plea for God’s quick interceding for the Psalmist is felt in many of the Psalms. Thus we read in Psalm 69:17: “Don’t hide your face from your servant, for I am in distress. Answer me quickly!” Instead, the Psalmists often asked for the Lord’s quick and helpful answer. Thus in the very familiar Psalm 22, the Psalmist cries to the Lord “But You, LORD, don’t be far away. My Strength, come quickly to help me” (v. 19). The Psalmists often cry for God to come quickly (see, e.g., Pss. 31:2; 38:22; 70:1, 5; 71:12; 141:1). Thus in Psalm 40:11-13 the Psalmist cries out with deep compassion:

LORD do not withhold your compassion from me;
Your constant love and truth will always guard me.
For troubles without number have surrounded me;
My sins have overtaken me; I am unable to see.
They are more than the hairs of my head,
And my courage leaves me.
LORD, be pleased to deliver me;
Hurry to help me, LORD.

Such a plea is often relevant to his readers, not only then but now. For we also often find ourselves “overwhelmed” by difficulties. Thankfully, most of them are not as serious as in David’s case (v. 12) but whatever the situation the Psalmist plea is certainly relevant for us, “Hurry and help me!” (v. 13).

May we, then, be ready to petition the Lord in the midst life’s uncertainties. As the hymn writer expresses it so passionately:

Help me then, in ev’ry tribulation,
So to trust Thy promises, O Lord,
That I lose not faith’s sweet consolation,
Offered me within Thy holy Word.
Help me, Lord, when toil and trouble meeting,
E’er to take , as from a Father’s hand,
One by one, the days, the moments fleeting,
Till I reach the promised land.5


1 All Scriptural citations are taken from the New American Standard Bible.

2 Charles Hodge, Commentary on the Epistle to the Romans, (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1953), 79.

3George H. Guthrie, “James,” in The Expositor’s Bible Commentary 13 vols. (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2006), 13:225.

4 Mark D. Futato, “The Book of Psalms,” Cornerstone Biblical Commentary, 18 vols.  (Carol Stream: Tyndale, 2009)7: 423.  

5 Carolina V. Sandell-Berg, “Day by Day.”

Related Topics: Prayer

Lição 9: A Destruição da Coligação Amorita (Josué 10:1-43)

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O capítulo 10 descreve a campanha e vitória de Israel sobre a porção Sul de Canaã. Algo aconteceu para que Josué fosse presenteado com uma grande oportunidade militar, com vista a uma vitória rápida sobre uma quantidade de inimigos, em detrimento de uma campanha longa e arrastada contra as diversas cidades, uma a uma.

A Coligação Amorita (10:1-5)

10:1 E sucedeu que, ouvindo Adonizedec, rei de Jerusalém, que Josué tomara a Ai, e a tinha destruído totalmente, e fizera a Ai e ao seu rei como tinha feito a Jericó e ao seu rei, e que os moradores de Gibeon fizeram paz com os israelitas e estavam no meio deles, 10:2 Temeram muito; porque Gibeon era uma cidade grande, como uma das cidades reais, e ainda maior do que Ai, e todos os seus homens valentes. 10:3 Pelo que Adonizedec, rei de Jerusalém, enviou a Oam, rei de Hebron, e a Piram, rei de Jarmuth, e a Jafia, rei de Laquis, e a Debir, rei de Eglon, dizendo: 10:4 Subi a mim, e ajudai-me, e firamos a Gibeon; porquanto fez paz com Josué e com os filhos de Israel. 10:5 Então se ajuntaram, e subiram cinco reis dos amorreus; o rei de Jerusalém, o rei de Hebron, o rei de Jarmuth, o rei de Laquis, o rei de Eglon; eles e todos os seus exércitos; e sitiaram a Gibeon e pelejaram contra ela.

Estando muito alarmado com as notícias sobre as vitórias de Israel, como em Jericó e Ai, e tendo ouvido falar do pacto dos gibeonitas com Israel, que era visto como traiçoeiro, um dos reis do sul, Adonizedec (Senhor da Justiça), rei de Jerusalém, reuniu outros reis da região para atacarem Gibeão. Haviam pertencido à coligação amorita, que provavelmente era uma coligação defensiva contra forças invasoras. Assim, em retaliação e também por causa do medo face à união do poder dos gibeonitas com Israel, os cinco reis, listados em Josué 10:5, avançaram contra a cidade de Gibeão.

A deserção dos gibeonitas foi causa de grande alarme por três razões: (1) era desencorajante ver uma cidade tão grandiosa, com um excelente exército, render-se ao inimigo; (2) sem Gibeão, a coligação do Sul ficaria gravemente enfraquecida e (3) os gibeonitas constituíam uma quinta-coluna que lutaria por Israel em tempos de guerra. Embora não tivesse rei (veja o comentário em 9:11), Gibeão era “como uma das cidades reais”; era tão forte e influente como qualquer cidade-estado (confira 11:12). Existe um jogo de palavras entre “Gibeão” e “bons guerreiros”, que é literalmente gibborim. Boling (p. 279) define gibborim como “homens treinados no combate e suficientemente prósperos para poderem ter armamento, escudeiros e tempo livre para tal actividade”. 1

Salvação Miraculosa (10:6-15)

10:6 Enviaram, pois, os homens de Gibeon a Josué, ao arraial de Gilgal, dizendo: Não retires as tuas mãos dos teus servos; sobe, apressadamente, a nós, e livra-nos, e ajuda-nos, porquanto todos os reis dos amorreus que habitam na montanha se ajuntaram contra nós. 10:7 Então subiu Josué de Gilgal, ele e toda a gente de guerra com ele, e todos os valentes e valorosos. 10:8 E o Senhor disse a Josué: Não os temas, porque os tenho dado na tua mão: nenhum deles parará diante de ti.

10:9 E Josué lhes sobreveio de repente, porque toda a noite veio subindo desde Gilgal. 10:10 E o Senhor os conturbou diante de Israel, e os feriu de grande ferida em Gibeon; e seguiu-os pelo caminho que sobe a Betoron, e os feriu até Azeca e a Maqueda. 10:11 E sucedeu que, fugindo eles diante de Israel, à descida de Betoron, o Senhor lançou sobre eles, do céu, grandes pedras até Azeca, e morreram: e foram muitos mais os que morreram das pedras da saraiva, do que os que os filhos de Israel mataram à espada.

10:12 Então Josué falou ao Senhor, no dia em que o Senhor deu os amorreus na mão dos filhos de Israel, e disse, aos olhos dos israelitas: Sol, detém-te em Gibeon, e tu, lua, no vale de Ajalon. 10:13 E o sol se deteve, e a lua parou, até que o povo se vingou dos seus inimigos. Isto não está escrito no livro do Reto? O sol, pois, se deteve no meio do céu, e não se apressou a pôr-se, quase um dia inteiro: 10:14 E não houve dia semelhante a este, nem antes nem depois dele, ouvindo o Senhor assim a voz de um homem; porque o Senhor pelejava por Israel. 10:15 E tornou-se Josué, e todo o Israel com ele, ao arraial, a Gilgal.

Clamando Por Ajuda (vs. 6)

Confrontados com os exércitos da coligação e uma destruição certa, os gibeonitas enviaram um mensageiro a Josué, pedindo auxílio com base no seu tratado com Israel.

A Resposta de Josué e Israel (vs. 7)

Humanamente falando, esta era a oportunidade perfeita para que Josué se livrasse dos gibeonitas. Por que não haveria Josué de simplesmente ignorar o próprio povo que os tinha enganado? Por que não deixar que a coligação os destruísse, livrando-o do embaraço? Existiam pelo menos duas razões pelas quais ele não podia fazer isso: primeiro, enquanto homem de integridade que honrava a sua palavra, Josué não considerava tal coisa uma opção. Tinham dado a sua palavra e estavam obrigados a honrá-la. Em segundo lugar, esta situação proporcionava uma oportunidade militar única. Em vez de uma campanha longa e arrastada contra uma cidade de cada vez, tal acontecimento deu-lhes a oportunidade de derrotarem e destruírem vários exércitos de uma vez só.

A Promessa do Senhor (vs. 8)

O facto de Deus dar agora esta promessa pode sugerir que Josué inquirira do Senhor e recebera tal resposta e promessa. Com todos estes reis a avançarem juntos, existira decerto alguma dose de preocupação no coração de Josué. A situação era urgente, e a palavra de encorajamento de Deus, assim como a Sua promessa de vitória, eram certamente necessárias.

A Batalha Descrita (vss. 9-15)

O nosso texto diz-nos que Josué e os seus homens marcharam durante toda a noite, percorrendo cerca de 25 milhas (40 quilómetros), sempre a subir (alguns 4,000 pés ou 1220 metros) sobre terreno íngreme e difícil. Tal significava que, sem qualquer oportunidade para descansar, os seus guerreiros estariam cansados. Precisariam certamente da força soberana do Senhor. Marchando na escuridão, Josué foi capaz de tomar o inimigo de surpresa, tendo isto gerado desordem no acampamento adversário. Para além disso, Deus enviou pedras de saraiva, responsáveis por matar ainda mais oponentes do que aqueles que Josué e o seu exército foram capazes de aniquilar.

Esta passagem proporciona um excelente exemplo da interacção entre a obra de Deus e do homem para o alcance da vitória. Como Campbell salienta: “existem certamente ocasiões nas quais nada mais poderemos fazer se não esperar que Deus actue; mas, usualmente, devemos fazer a nossa parte, dependendo de Deus para que faça a Sua”. 2 Assim, encontra-se aqui outro exemplo no qual os esforços do homem e a intervenção soberana de Deus cooperaram, mas a ênfase clara está no facto de ter sido o Senhor a providenciar a vitória. Deus dá-nos responsabilidades, coisas para fazer. Devemos rezar, testemunhar e servir outros de muitas maneiras mas, em última análise, temos de compreender que, se vier a existir vitória, quem a dará será Deus.

Devemos também lembrar que estes cananeus eram aqueles que adoravam deuses da natureza. Que choque quando perceberam que esses deuses, nos quais haviam colocado a sua fé, eram inúteis contra o Deus de Israel. Talvez tenham pensado que os seus próprios deuses estivessem a ajudar os israelitas.

Com o versículo 12, movemo-nos para um dos grandes milagres da Bíblia. É frequentemente denominado “o dia longo de Josué” ou “o dia em que o Sol parou”. Este é o mais grandioso dos quatro milagres encontrados no livro de Josué: (a) A divisão das águas do Rio Jordão (3:7-17); (b) A destruição de Jericó (6:1-27); (c) A saraiva e a espada destroem os inimigos dos gibeonitas (10:1-11); (d) O Sol e a Lua ficam parados (10:12-15). Qual era o propósito deste milagre?

o dia da batalha em Betoron estava a terminar, e Josué sabia que a perseguição do inimigo seria longa e árdua. No máximo, o líder militar dispunha de 12 horas de luz solar. Precisava claramente de mais tempo para que pudesse observar o cumprimento da promessa de Deus (v. 8) e a aniquilação total dos seus adversários. Portanto, Josué fez um pedido invulgar ao Senhor: Sol, detém-te em Gibeon, e tu, lua, no vale de Ajalon.

10:13-15. Era meio-dia e o Sol quente encontrava-se no seu zénite quando Josué proferiu esta oração. A Lua estava no horizonte, a Oeste. O pedido foi rapidamente ouvido pelo Senhor. Josué orou com fé e, em resultado, deu-se um grande milagre. Porém, o registo deste milagre tem sido considerado um dos exemplos mais notáveis do conflito entre a Escritura e a ciência porque, como é bem sabido, o Sol não se move em torno da Terra para originar o dia e a noite. Em vez disso, a luz e a escuridão advêm de a Terra rodar no seu eixo à volta do Sol. Por que, então, se dirigiu Josué ao Sol em vez de à Terra? Simplesmente porque estava a usar a linguagem da observação; falava a partir da perspectiva e aparência das coisas na terra. As pessoas ainda fazem isso, mesmo na comunidade científica. Almanaques e jornais registam as horas do nascer e do pôr-do-sol e, apesar disso, ninguém os acusa de erro científico. 3

Mas como é suposto explicarmos este quarto milagre no livro de Josué? A este respeito, Ryrie escreve:

As perspectivas concernentes a este fenómeno agrupam-se em duas categorias. A primeira assume um abrandamento ou suspensão da rotação normal da Terra, de modo a ter havido horas extras nesse dia (12 ou 24). Deus fez isso a fim de que as forças de Josué pudessem completar a sua vitória antes que o inimigo tivesse uma noite para descansar e se reagrupar. O termo hebraico para “se deteve” (v. 13) é um verbo de movimento, indicando um abrandamento ou paragem da rotação da Terra sobre o seu eixo (que não afectaria o movimento da Terra em torno do Sol). O versículo 14 indica que aquele foi um dia único na história do mundo. A segunda categoria inclui perspectivas que assumem a ausência de irregularidades na rotação da Terra. Uma tal visão argumenta acerca do prolongamento da luz do dia graças a alguma forma incomum de refracção dos raios solares. Assim, existiram mais horas de luz, mas não mais horas no dia. Outra perspectiva supõe um prolongamento do período de semi-escuridão, dando alívio do sol ardente aos homens de Josué, sendo isto possível por Deus ter enviado uma incomum tempestade de saraiva de Verão. Esta visão interpreta o termo “deter-se” no versículo 13 como significando “ficar quieto” ou “cessar”, indicando que o Sol estava encoberto pela tempestade, não tendo sido acrescentadas horas extras ao dia. Os versículos 12-15 são citados do Livro do Justo (ou Recto), uma colecção de cânticos de louvor aos heróis de Israel (também em 2 Sam. 1:18).4

A respeito das dificuldades desta passagem, Boice afirma:

Confesso não ter grandes convicções quanto ao que terá acontecido e, à medida que leio os diversos artigos e livros disponíveis, sinto que também ninguém tem convicções muito fortes acerca deste tópico. Não acredito que as palavras sejam poesia, apesar de terem estado no Livro do Justo, um livro amplamente poético. Duvido que a Terra tenha efectivamente parado a sua rotação, e ainda mais que o Sol e a Lua parassem na sua passagem pelo Espaço. Tenho tendência a pensar que foram usados por Deus outros fenómenos para prolongar a luz do dia, mas não sei, e tudo o que posso dizer é que me contento com aguardar até que o próprio Deus revele precisamente o que aconteceu. O que é certo é que Deus fez algo para dar aos exércitos judeus uma vitória completa e decisiva.5

A Derrota da Restante Porção Sul de Canaã (10:16-43)

16 Aqueles cinco reis, porém, fugiram, e se esconderam numa cova em Maqueda. 17 E foi anunciado a Josué, dizendo: Acharam-se os cinco reis escondidos numa cova em Maqueda. 18 Disse, pois, Josué: Arrojai grandes pedras à boca da cova, e ponde sobre ela homens que os guardem: 19 Porém vós, não vos detenhais; segui os vossos inimigos, e feri os que ficaram atrás: não os deixeis entrar nas suas cidades, porque o Senhor, vosso Deus, já vo-los deu na vossa mão. 20 E sucedeu que, acabando Josué e os filhos de Israel de os ferir com grande ferida, até consumi-los, e que os que ficaram deles se retiraram às cidades fortes, 21 Todo o povo se tornou em paz a Josué, ao arraial em Maqueda, não havendo ninguém que movesse a sua língua contra os filhos de Israel.

22 Depois disse Josué: Abri a boca da cova, e trazei-me aqueles cinco reis, para fora da cova. 23 Fizeram, pois, assim, e trouxeram-lhe aqueles cinco reis para fora da cova: o rei de Jerusalém, o rei de Hebron, o rei de Jarmuth, o rei de Laquis, e o rei de Eglon. 24 E sucedeu que, trazendo aqueles reis a Josué, Josué chamou todos os homens de Israel, e disse aos capitães da gente de guerra, que com ele foram: Chegai, ponde os vossos pés sobre os pescoços destes reis. E chegaram, e puseram os seus pés sobre os seus pescoços. 25 Então Josué lhes disse: Não temais, nem vos espanteis: esforçai-vos e animai-vos; porque assim fará o Senhor a todos os vossos inimigos, contra os quais pelejardes. 26 E depois disto, Josué os feriu, e os matou, e os pendurou em cinco madeiros; e ficaram enforcados nos madeiros até à tarde. 27 E sucedeu que, ao tempo do pôr-do-sol, deu Josué ordem que os tirassem dos madeiros; e lançaram-nos na cova onde se esconderam; e puseram grandes pedras à boca da cova, que ainda ali estão, até ao mesmo dia de hoje.

28 E naquele mesmo dia, tomou Josué a Maqueda, e feriu-a a fio de espada, e destruiu o seu rei, a eles, e a toda a alma que nela havia; nada deixou de resto: e fez ao rei de Maqueda como fizera ao rei de Jericó.

29 Então Josué, e todo o Israel com ele, passou de Maqueda a Libna, e pelejou contra Libna; 30 E também o Senhor a deu na mão de Israel, a ela e a seu rei, e a feriu a fio de espada, a ela e a toda a alma que nela havia; nada deixou de resto; e fez ao seu rei como fizera ao rei de Jericó.

31 Então Josué, e todo o Israel com ele, passou de Libna a Laquis: e a sitiou, e pelejou contra ela; 32 E o Senhor deu a Laquis na mão de Israel, e tomou-a no dia seguinte, e a feriu a fio de espada, a ela, e a toda a alma que nela havia, conforme a tudo o que fizera a Libna.

33 Então Oran, rei de Gezer, subiu a ajudar a Laquis; porém Josué o feriu, a ele e ao seu povo, até que nenhum lhe deixou de resto. 34 E Josué, e todo o Israel com ele, passou de Laquis a Eglon; e a sitiaram, e pelejaram contra ela; 35 E no mesmo dia a tomaram, e a feriram a fio de espada; e a toda a alma que nela havia destruiu totalmente, no mesmo dia; conforme a tudo o que fizera a Laquis.

36 Depois, Josué, e todo o Israel com ele, subiu de Eglon a Hebron, e pelejaram contra ela; 37 E a tomaram, e a feriram ao fio de espada, assim ao seu rei como a todas as suas cidades, e a toda a alma que nelas havia; a ninguém deixou com vida, conforme a tudo o que fizeram a Eglon; e a destruiu totalmente, a ela e a toda a alma que nela havia.

38 Então Josué, e todo o Israel com ele, tornou a Debir, e pelejou contra ela; 39 E tomou-a, com o seu rei, e a todas as suas cidades, e as feriram a fio de espada, e a toda a alma que nelas havia destruíram totalmente; nada deixou de resto; como fizera a Hebron, assim fez a Debir e ao seu rei, e como fizera a Libna e ao seu rei.

40 Assim, feriu Josué toda aquela terra, as montanhas, o sul, e as campinas, e as descidas das águas, e a todos os seus reis; nada deixou de resto; mas tudo o que tinha fôlego destruiu, como ordenara o Senhor, Deus de Israel. 41 E Josué os feriu desde Cades-bárnea, e até Gaza; como também toda a terra de Gosen, e até Gibeon. 42 E de uma vez tomou Josué todos estes reis e as suas terras; porquanto o Senhor, Deus de Israel, pelejava por Israel. 43 Então Josué, e todo o Israel com ele, se tornou ao arraial em Gilgal. (Josué 10:16-43)

Os cinco reis e os seus exércitos haviam deixado a segurança das suas cidades fortificadas a fim de combaterem Josué e o seu exército em campo aberto, dando a Josué uma grande vantagem. Estava determinado a impedi-los de escaparem para a segurança das suas muralhas, o que prolongaria a campanha contra aquela porção da terra. O versículo 17 informa-nos que, assim que Josué recebeu o relato de que os reis estavam escondidos numa caverna, ordenou que a entrada da mesma fosse selada com grandes rochas, sendo nomeados homens para a guardarem. A captura dos cinco reis era um evento importante, mas existiam assuntos mais urgentes. Lidaria com eles mais tarde, pois a preocupação mais premente era a perseguição dos exércitos em fuga. Observamos aqui a sabedoria de um líder que põe em primeiro lugar as coisas mais importantes. Tal é visto na afirmação: “Mas não se atrasem! Persigam os vossos inimigos e apanhem-nos! Não permitais que se retirem para as suas cidades, pois o SENHOR vosso Deus está a entregá-los nas vossas mãos”. Repare na forma como, uma vez mais, vemos a combinação entre o raciocínio de responsabilidade humana e sabedoria táctica de Josué e a fé n’Aquele que realmente dá a vitória.

Somente depois de a batalha estar terminada e de o exército de Israel ter destruído totalmente o inimigo é que Josué voltou a sua atenção para os cinco reis. A este respeito, fez duas coisas principais. Primeiro, segundo um antigo costume oriental, por vezes retratado em monumentos egípcios e assírios, Josué fez os reis derrotados prostrarem-se no pó diante dele e dos seus comandantes. Em seguida, chamou os comandantes, para que viessem e colocassem os pés sobre os pescoços dos cinco reis, símbolo de vitória e completa submissão. Mas Josué, o sábio chefe, fez mais do que isso. Utilizou isto como uma oportunidade para focar os seus comandantes e o exército no Senhor. Estando os pés dos seus comandantes sobre os pescoços dos reis, Josué disse: “Não tenham medo nem entrem em pânico! Sejam fortes e corajosos, pois o Senhor fará a mesma coisa a todos os inimigos que combaterem”. Em seguida, executou os cinco reis, suspendendo-os em cinco árvores até à tarde (vs. 26). Assim, a derrota dos cinco reis e dos seus exércitos providenciou a vitória completa sobre o Sul de Canaã.

Os versículos 40-43 encerram o capítulo dizendo-nos que Josué subjugou totalmente a terra de acordo com as suas quatro regiões: as montanhas, o Negeb (a área desértica, mais distante, a Sul), as colinas ocidentais e as encostas montanhosas. Como é que ele fez isto? “…o Senhor, Deus de Israel, pelejava por Israel”.  Assim, o capítulo termina com um tópico familiar na Escritura. A batalha é do Senhor e Ele lutará pelo Seu povo.

A nossa necessidade é mantermos n'Ele os nossos olhos, obedecer-Lhe e, acima de tudo, confiar na Sua força mais do que na nossa. Isto irá frequentemente significar empreender grandes esforços, tal como vimos Israel fazer, enquanto sabemos que o Senhor também está a trabalhar para nos capacitar e lutar por nós.

Sou recordado dos comentários de Paulo em Colossenses. Falando da sua vocação e do grande esforço envolvido na proclamação de Cristo erguido, ele escreveu: “A quem anunciamos, admoestando a todo o homem, e ensinando a todo o homem, em toda a sabedoria, para que apresentemos todo o homem perfeito em Jesus Cristo; E para isto também trabalho, combatendo segundo a sua eficácia, que obra em mim poderosamente” (Col. 1:28-29, ênfase minha).

Na sua conclusão a este capítulo, que intitulou People Who Know Their God (O Povo que Conhece o Seu Deus), Dr. Don Campbell realça um aspecto que providencia realmente uma conclusão adequada para este estudo sobre o livro de Josué. Ele escreve:

A maioria de nós aprende, bem cedo na nossa experiência cristã, que não enfrentamos apenas um inimigo. Enfrentamos uma coligação de forças malvadas que se juntaram na tentativa de nos destruir. Tais inimigos são comummente chamados "o mundo", "a carne" e "o diabo". O mundo pressiona-nos, martela-nos e tenta conformar-nos ao seu molde. A carne é a essência pecaminosa dentro de nós que nos trai, enfraquece e ludibria, ainda que queiramos servir a Deus com as nossas mentes e corpos. O diabo é o mestre estrategista neste ataque contra nós e, por vezes, ataca-nos abertamente, outras vezes astuciosamente, mas sempre com uma noção infalível de onde se encontram as nossas fraquezas. 

Juntos, o mundo, a carne e o diabo formam uma combinação invencível – ou seriam invencíveis, se não fosse a intervenção salvadora de Deus. Sem Deus, a vitória contra uma tal aliança é impossível. Com Deus, a vitória está assegurada...

Josué era um homem que conhecia Deus acima de tudo o resto. Os resultados estão aqui registados de forma impressionante. Conforme Daniel mais tarde escreveu, "O povo que conhece ao seu Deus se esforçará e fará proezas" (Dan. 11:32). Para Josué, para Daniel e para você e eu, a chave da vitória é conhecer Deus pessoalmente e confiar completamente n'Ele. 6

Como vimos no material introdutório deste estudo, Josué é o livro da possessão no qual Israel, sob a liderança de Josué, toma posse do que lhe foi dado por Deus, mas não sem antes ter de avançar contra forças hostis. A vida cristã é precisamente assim. Em Cristo, fomos abençoados com toda a bênção espiritual (Efésios 1:3). N'Ele, estamos completos (Col. 2:10); mas, para nos apropriarmos dessas bênçãos, é necessária fé na obra realizada por Cristo, bem como esforço pessoal, não na carne, mas nas disciplinas da piedade – coisas como a oração, o estudo da Bíblia, a meditação na Palavra de Deus e o contacto regular com outros crentes para encorajamento.

7 Assim, como diz o Espírito Santo: “Hoje, se vocês ouvirem a sua voz, 8 não endureçam o coração, como na rebelião, durante o tempo da provação no deserto, 9 onde os seus antepassados me tentaram, pondo-me à prova, apesar de, durante quarenta anos, terem visto o que eu fiz. 10 Por isso fiquei irado contra aquela geração e disse: O seu coração está sempre se desviando, e eles não reconheceram os meus caminhos. 11 Assim jurei na minha ira: Jamais entrarão no meu descanso”.

12 Cuidado, irmãos, para que nenhum de vocês tenha coração perverso e incrédulo, que se afaste do Deus vivo. 13 Ao contrário, encorajem-se uns aos outros todos os dias, durante o tempo que se chama “hoje”, de modo que nenhum de vocês seja endurecido pelo engano do pecado, 14 pois passamos a ser participantes de Cristo, desde que, de facto, nos apeguemos até o fim à confiança que tivemos no princípio. 15 Por isso é que se diz: “Se hoje vocês ouvirem a sua voz, não endureçam o coração, como na rebelião”.

16 Quem foram os que ouviram e se rebelaram? Não foram todos os que Moisés tirou do Egipto? 17 Contra quem Deus esteve irado durante quarenta anos? Não foi contra aqueles que pecaram, cujos corpos caíram no deserto? 18 E a quem jurou que nunca haveriam de entrar no seu descanso? Não foi àqueles que foram desobedientes? 19 Vemos, assim, que por causa da incredulidade não puderam entrar. (Hebreus 3:7-19, Nova Versão Internacional)

7 Mas rejeita as fábulas profanas e de velhas, e exercita-te a ti mesmo em piedade; 8 Porque o exercício corporal para pouco aproveita, mas a piedade para tudo é proveitosa, tendo a promessa da vida presente e da que há-de vir. (1 Timóteo 4:7-8, Versão Almeida Revista e Corrigida)

Texto original de J. Hampton Keathley, III.

Tradução de C. Oliveira.


1 Expositors Bible Commentary, versão electrónica.

2 John F. Walvoord, Roy B. Zuck, Editors, The Bible Knowledge Commentary, Victor Books, Wheaton, 1983,1985, versão electrónica.

3 Walvoord e Zuck, versão electrónica.

4 Charles C. Ryrie, Ryrie Study Bible, p. 347-348.

5 Boice, pp. 113-114.

6 Campbell e Denny, pp. 148-149.

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