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The Bible Teacher’s Guide, Jacob: Being Transformed By Amazing Grace

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Among all the biblical heroes, Jacob’s story is peculiar. In many ways, he is more like a villain. He manipulates his brother, deceives his father and father-in-law, and raises up ruthless children who murder the men of a village and sell their own brother into slavery. However, with Jacob, we learn that God can redeem and change the worst of sinners—people like us. We are all part of God’s redemption story, in which he transforms people from Jacobs to Israels—from sinners to saints. As God layers grace upon us and our failures, he transforms us into people he can use greatly to bless the world. Let’s study God’s gracious work in Jacob, so we can better recognize and respond to God’s amazing grace and help others do the same. Thank you, Lord! Amen!

Copyright © 2018 Gregory Brown

Unless otherwise noted, the primary Scriptures used are taken from the NET Bible ® copyright © 1996-2016 by Biblical Studies Press, L.L.C. All rights reserved.

Holy Bible, New International Version ®, NIV® Copyright © 1973, 1978, 1984, 2011 by Biblica, Inc.® Used by permission. All rights reserved worldwide.

Scripture quotations marked (ESV) are from The Holy Bible, English Standard Version® (ESV®) Copyright © 2001 by Crossway, a publishing ministry of Good News Publishers. All rights reserved.

Scripture quotations marked (NLT) are taken from the Holy Bible, New Living Translation, Copyright © 1996, 2004, 2007 by Tyndale House Foundation. Used by permission of Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., Carol Stream, Illinois 60188. All rights reserved.

Scripture quotations marked (NASB) are taken from the New American Standard Bible®, Copyright © 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, and 1995 by The Lockman Foundation. Used by permission.

Scripture quotations marked (KJV) are from the King James Version of the Bible.

All emphases in Scripture quotations have been added.

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Related Topics: Character Study, Christian Life

The Mosaic Law: Its Function and Purpose in the New Testament

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Introduction

A great cause of confusion today concerns the place of the Mosaic law in the New Testament believer’s life. While this short study cannot begin to cover all the issues involved, it is my hope that it will shed some light and remove some of the confusion.

One of the profound emphases of the New Testament, especially the epistles of Paul, is that Christians are no longer under the rule of the Mosaic law. This truth is stated in no uncertain terms and in various ways (see Rom. 6:14; 7:1-14; Gal. 3:10-13, 24-25; 4:21; 5:1, 13; 2 Cor. 3:7-18), but in spite of this, there have always been those who insist that the Mosaic Law, at least the Ten Commandments, are still in force for the Christian. In regard to the relation of Christian ethics to the Mosaic Law, Luck writes:

There are Christian teachers of repute who consider the Mosaic law to be the present-day rule of life for the Christian.1 A view not infrequently found among earnest, orthodox believers is that although we are not saved by the law, once we have been justified by faith, then the Mosaic law becomes our rule of life. Those holding such a view generally make a sharp division of the Mosaic law into two parts, which they distinguish as the moral and the ceremonial. The ceremonial portion they consider as having found its fulfillment in Christ at His first advent, and thus as having now passed away. But the moral portion of the Mosaic law, say they, is still in force as the believer’s rule of life. The treatment given to Christian ethics by some highly respected authors is indeed but little more than an exposition of the Decalogue.

It seems exceedingly strange that Bible-believing Christians should advocate such a view, when the New Testament makes it abundantly clear that the believer in Christ is not any longer under the Mosaic law in its entirety… Indeed after having been delivered from the law, to deliberately place ourselves once again under its [control] is said to be “falling from grace.”

But let it be immediately understood that this does not mean to say that we should necessarily behave in a manner just opposite to what the Mosaic law commands—that we should kill, steal, bear false witness, etc. Long before the law was given through Moses, it was utterly wrong to do such evil things. . .2

By contrast, the age in which we live, the church age, has often and rightly been called the age of grace. This is not because God’s grace has not been manifested in other ages, but because in the coming of the Lord Jesus Christ we have the ultimate manifestation of God’s grace.

Titus 2:11-12. For the grace of God has appeared, bringing salvation to all people. It trains us to reject godless ways and worldly desires and to live self-controlled, upright, and godly lives in the present age,

Grace becomes an absolutely inseparable part of the believer’s life in Christ. In the coming of Christ and His death on the cross, the Mosaic Law as a rule of life was terminated. The believer is now to live in the liberty and power of God’s grace by the Spirit, not the rule of law. This new liberty must never be used as an occasion to indulge the flesh or sinful appetites (Gal. 5:13) nor does it mean the Christian has no moral law or imperatives on his life, but simply that he or she is to live righteously by a new source of life as asserted in Romans 8.

Romans 8:2-4. For the law of the life-giving Spirit in Christ Jesus has set you free from the law of sin and death. 3 For God achieved what the law could not do because it was weakened through the flesh. By sending his own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh and concerning sin, he condemned sin in the flesh, 4 so that the righteous requirement of the law may be fulfilled in us, who do not walk according to the flesh but according to the Spirit.

But a great deal of confusion exists over the issues of law and grace and the place of the Mosaic law in the New Testament believer’s life. However, the basic principle is that the “fusion” of law and grace brings a “confusion” which results in sterile legalism. Because of man’s natural bent toward either legalism or license, the place and function of the Law has been an issue in the Christian community since the very early days of the church. There have always been those who have sought to put the Christian back under the Law or make the Law necessary for both salvation and sanctification. As a result large sections of the New Testament are written directly to this issue (see Acts 15 and the council at Jerusalem; Romans 5:10; 6:14; 7:1f; 2 Cor. 3:6-18; and the entire book of Galatians). These passages were written against a legalistic use of the Law, one which promotes works to gain points with either God or people; works of self-effort rather than a life lived by the power and personal leading of the Holy Spirit.

Of course, other parts of the New Testament are written against license and the misuse of liberty (Gal. 5:13ff. Rom. 6:1ff; 8:4ff; Tit. 2:11-14). But the answer is never to put the Christian back under the Law, but rather a proper understanding and appreciation of God’s grace to us in Christ. Christian liberty is not the right to do as one pleases, but the power, desire, and will to do as one ought in and by the power of God and a regenerated life.

This is ultimately the focus of Titus 2:11-14. The glorious manifestation of God’s grace in Christ instructs and trains believers in how to live.3 This grace provides the incentive, the motive, and the means. Regarding Titus 2:11-14 Ryrie writes:

The verb teaching encompasses the whole concept of growth—discipline, maturing, obedience, progress, and the like. This involves denial of improper things and direction into proper channels. These five terms—godliness, worldly lusts, soberly, righteously, godly—do not describe the content of grace teaching so much as they indicate the object and purposeful goal of that teaching. And this intent is, according to this passage, the ultimate purpose of the Incarnation of Christ. He came to display the grace of God in the changed lives of his people. The final cause of the revelation of the grace of God in Christ is not creed but character.4

In Romans 6:14, Paul gives us a fundamental principle as it relates to the Christian’s understanding and the place of the Law in a believer’s life. “For sin will have no mastery over you, because you are not under law but under grace.” (emphasis mine). Romans 6 deals with the believer’s walk or sanctification. In this regard, under grace is never to be taken as an excuse to sin as one pleases since he is under grace (6:1-2) and it is placed in strong contrast5 with under law. Two things are prominent here: (1) these two (law and grace) are set forth as complete opposites, and (2) the text also makes it clear that the only way the believer is going to experience true sanctification (victory over sin plus the production of positive righteousness) is by grace (the work of God in Christ) and never by law. The reasons, which will be set forth below, are bound up in two issues, the weakness of man’s flesh and the nature of the Law and its inability because of man’s weakness to produce a truly holy life. This is not to say that the Mosaic Law is not good and holy and does not have a function, but this too will be set forth below.

So just what is the meaning, nature, and place or function of the law in the New Testament?

The Meaning of the Term “Law”

In the Old Testament, the word “law” is used to translated the Hebrew word torah, “instruction.” The Hebrew word for “law” probably comes from the causative form of the verb yarah, “to throw,” “to shoot (arrows).” In the hiphil stem, the verb horah means “to point, guide, instruct, teach.” Hence, the law is that which provides authoritative guidance. In the New Testament, the Greek word used for law is nomos. Nomos means “that which is assigned,” hence, “usage, custom,” and then “law,” or “a rule governing one’s actions.”

Thus God’s law is His system of rules by which He shows and instructs in His will and administers the affairs of the world. Obviously the definition allows for and even implies that there might be differing systems of rules at various times, depending on what particular aspects or how much of His will God wishes to show at a given time.…A system of rules may be tailored for different times, peoples, or purposes. . . 6

As a result, in the progress of God’s revelation to man, we can see a number of different systems of law in the Scripture. These are:

The Law of Nature (Natural or Inherent)

This is the law Paul mentions in Romans 2:14, “For whenever the Gentiles, who do not have the law, do by nature the things required by the law, these who do not have the law are a law to themselves.” (emphasis mine) The law of nature is one which contains natural revelation of God’s eternal power and divine nature (Rom. 1:20) and is sufficient to condemn those who reject this revelation, but not sufficient to save. Those who do not receive this natural revelation through nature demonstrate they are unable to receive the additional light (special revelation of Scripture) needed for salvation. “If a man rejects the revelation of God in the law of nature, he fails to qualify for the further revelation which will lead him to Christ.”7 This natural law perhaps also falls under the category of the eternal law of God for the moral principles of the Mosaic Law (the Ten Commandments) did not begin with Sinai, but are as eternal and immutable as the very holy character of God Himself (see 1 Pet. 1:16).

The Law of Eden

While the term “law” is never specifically used of Adam and Eve’s relationship with God in the Garden, by the definition of “law,” a system of principles or rules that instructs man as to God’s will and direction, there was a law given to Adam. He was instructed to “dress and keep” the garden, and to eat freely of all the trees except the “tree of the knowledge of good and evil.”

The Law of the Patriarchs

Again, because there was very specific revelation and instruction given to the patriarchs, there was a law given to these Old Testament believers. Though very little detail of this is given, God’s instructions to them still represent His law, the system of principles and rules designed to direct their lives. This is illustrated in Genesis 26:5 which says, “Abraham obeyed Me and kept My charge, My commandments, My statutes and My laws.”

The Law of Moses Given to Israel

The Mosaic Law is what we are most concerned about in relation to the New Testament believer. This consisted of 365 negative commands and 248 positive for a total of 613 commands. These may also be divided into three parts or sections (see below)—the moral, the social, and the ceremonial. As such, it covered every possible area of the life of Israel. It should be stressed that the moral principles embodied in the Mosaic Law given at Sinai were merely the codified expression of the eternal moral law of God as it was given to Israel to govern her life as a nation in order to experience God’s blessing under the Abrahamic covenant. For more on this aspect, see below.

Human Law as Prescribed by Man

There are obviously various forms of human laws, those prescribed by man through human government or custom (see Luke 20:22; Acts 19:38). While human government is an institution ordained by God’s will or law, some of the laws of man are direct expressions of the will of God, but still constitute laws by which men are often bound by the governmental system in which they live. Of course, where such laws conflict with God's laws, then we are obligated to obey God instead (Acts 4:19-20).

The Law of Christ, the Law of the Spirit of Life

The fact that the Mosaic law has been terminated does not mean that there is no law in this age of grace even though the nature of this law is quite different from the standpoint of incentive, motivation, and means. In fact, the epistles speak of “the perfect law of liberty (Jam. 1:25), “the royal law” (Jam. 2:8), the Law of Christ (Gal. 6:2), and the law of the spirit of life in Christ Jesus (Rom. 8:2). This consists of the many imperatives found throughout the epistles which comprise this law. These too cover all areas of the believer’s life to direct him in the will of God in today’s world.

The moral principles embodied in the law of Moses Paul calls “the righteousness of the law” (Rom 8:4), and shows that such principles are the goal of the Spirit-directed life in the same context in which he teaches the believer is not under the Mosaic law (Rom 6–8).8

The Law of the Kingdom

The New Testament clearly speaks of and anticipates the reign of Christ on earth when He will rule in perfect righteousness and justice (Isa. 11:4-5). This will naturally mean many laws that will govern the life of citizens of the Kingdom. One only needs to consider Isaiah 2:3 which reads,

2:3 many peoples will come and say, “Come, let’s go up to the LORD’s mountain, to the temple of the God of Jacob, so he can teach us his requirements, and we can follow his standards.” For Zion will be the center for moral instruction,9 the LORD will issue edicts from Jerusalem. (NET Bible)

The Significance of these Various Laws

We can see from this that God is the administrator of the world. In the progress of His revelation and the development of His plan, there have been various economies (dispensations) administered by God with different regulations or laws giving precise instruction for each administration. The way God has run each economy or dispensation has varied, however, in each case, different people were addressed with the commands differing in quantity and character, but always with specific instruction.

The Use of the Term “Law” in the New Testament

A great deal of flexibility is found in the use of the term “law” in the New Testament. A few of the uses are as follows.

1. This term is used of the entire Old Testament (John 10:34; 12:34; 1 Cor. 14:21). John 10:34 is a quotation from Psalm 82:6, and 1 Corinthians 14:21f is a quote from Isaiah 28:11-12. Technically neither the Psalms nor Isaiah are a part of the Old Testament “law,” but sometimes the term “law” was applied to the entire Old Testament because it constituted God’s special revelation of instruction for Israel and ultimately for man.

2. It is used with such terms as the prophets, and writings, again as a title for the entire Old Testament Scripture, but in this way it looks at them in their division (Luke 24:27, 44).

3. It is especially used of the first five books of the Old Testament or the Mosaic Law (Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy). (Compare Luke 2:23; John 8:5; 1 Cor. 9:9; Gal. 3:10).

4. The term is used of the entire specific Mosaic code given to the nation Israel to govern and guide their moral, religious and secular life, and covers parts of Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy (Deut. 4:8, 44-45).

5. The term is used of the Ten Commandments (Exodus 20:3-17).

6. Law is used of a principle, force or influence that impels one to action or behavior (Rom. 7:21, 23a, 25).

7. It is used of law in general (Rom 3:27 and possibly Rom. 5:13b).

The Origin and Source of the Mosaic Law

Though part of the Law was mediated by angels, God is the origin and source of the Mosaic Law, which stems from the eternal and holy character of God. This is true even of the natural law written in the heart or conscience of man (Exodus 31:1b; Acts 7:53; Rom. 2:14-16; Heb. 2:1-2).

The Nature and Content of the Mosaic Law

It is common to divide the Mosaic Law into three parts as illustrated below, but though this is helpful for analysis and the study of the Mosaic Law and the way it functions, such a division is never stated as such in Scripture. Rather it is seen as a unit. Arguments for this will be given below.

  • Part 1: The Moral Law or the Ten Commandments. This part of the Law governed the moral life giving guidance to Israel in principles of right and wrong in relation to God and man (Exodus 20:1-17).
  • Part 2: The Judgments, or the Social Law. This part of the Law governed Israel in her secular, social, political, and economic life (Exodus 21:1–23:13).
  • Part 3: The Ordinances or the Ceremonial Law. This was the religious portion of Law which guided and provided for Israel in her worship and spiritual relationship and fellowship with God. It included the priesthood, tabernacle and sacrifices (Exodus 25:-31: Leviticus).
The Recipients of the Mosaic Law

The Mosaic Law was a bilateral covenant made specifically for Israel alone to govern her life in the promised land. From the Abrahamic Covenant (Gen.12) we see Israel was a chosen nation, an instrument of God to become a channel of blessing to all nations. Yahweh was her Theocratic King who was to rule and guide the nation in her destiny that she might not become polluted or contaminated by other nations and could thus fulfill her purpose. For this the Mosaic Law was instituted to direct Israel as a nation in all spheres of her life—morally, socially, politically, economically and religiously.

By its very nature, the Mosaic Law was not to be, and could not be, obeyed to the letter by any other people in any other place as a rule of life. However, in the spirit of the Law it did set forth moral principles which were applicable and would bring blessing to all people anywhere and at any time when applied and used as a standard of right and wrong.

There were certain economic provisions in the Law to govern and protect the economic life of Israel in their promised land. For example there was the right of property ownership, free enterprise, protection of the poor which guarded against the evils of great concentrations of wealth in the hands of a few with the consequent impoverishment of others. But the poor were provided for in such a way as to avoid the loss of free enterprise and the individual’s initiative by high taxation as well as to avoid making leeches out of men who refused to work.

However, the strict application of these laws to our world is impossible since the original conditions in which God directly intervened cannot he reproduced, at least not until the millennium. Yet, economists could study and learn much from these laws and principles.

The Characteristics of the Mosaic Law

(1) The foundation and basis of the Mosaic Law is the covenant God made with the patriarchs, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. In several places in Exodus and Deuteronomy, there are references to the Abrahamic Covenant which establish the fact that the giving of the Law at Sinai was based on the covenant with Abraham and God’s continuing plan for the nation of Israel as a priesthood nation (cf. Ex. 19:4-6; Deut. 4:4-8 with Ex. 2:24-25; Deut. 4:36-38; 29:31; 1 Chron. 16:15-19). God had promised to bless the descendants of Abraham and through them, the world. This was a promises reiterated and expanded to Abraham and to Isaac and Jacob. God would bless Israel and through them, bring blessing to the world (Gen. 12:1f; 15; 17:1ff; 26:24f; 28:13f). The Abrahamic covenant is a unilateral covenant. Its ultimate fulfillment is dependent on God’s sovereign and steadfast faithfulness to His promises to Abraham regardless of Israel’s continued disobedience (cf. Ezek. 20:1-44).

The Mosaic Covenant, however, was a bilateral covenant. Though its ultimate fulfillment is dependent on God, for any generation to experience the blessings of the Abrahamic Covenant, there had to be faithfulness to God. Thus, enters the Law, a bilateral covenant given to Moses for the nation of Israel after their redemption out of the land of Egypt. It was through obedience to the Mosaic Covenant (the Law) that Israel would be able to experience the blessings of the Abrahamic covenant in the promised land. For obedience there would be blessings; for disobedience, cursing (cf. Deut. 28-30).

(2) The Mosaic Law is holy, good, and spiritual (Rom. 7:12, 14). It was, however, only temporary as the book of Hebrews so clearly teaches. As such, the Mosaic Law was designed to maintain a proper relationship between God and His people Israel (blessing versus cursing), but only until the coming of Messiah and the establishment of a New Covenant. The Law was never designed to be a permanent rule of life. It was merely a tutor or guardian to guide Israel in all areas of her life until Christ (2 Cor. 3:7, 11; Gal. 3:23-24; Rom. 10:4).

(3) The Mosaic Law is weak because it is dependent on man’s ability. It is especially weak when adopted as a system of merit (Rom. 8:3).

(4) The Mosaic Law was an indivisible unit, and is that which was terminated by the Lord Jesus. Though the Law is usually divided into three parts, as described above, it is important to see that it was an indivisible unit. Thus, when Paul stated that we are not under the Law, this included all three parts, including the Ten Commandments. Some will agree that parts of the Old Testament Law have been done away, but assert the Ten Commandments are supposedly still in force today. But all three parts of the Law were designed to function as a unit to guide Israel in all of its life. The Ten Commandments cannot be separated from the rest. Further, even though most recognize this three-fold division, the Jews so numbered all the commands that they approached the Law as a unit. Ryrie notes that,

“…the Jewish people either did not acknowledge it (the three-fold division) or at least did not insist on it. Rather they divided the 613 commandments of the Law into twelve families of commandments which were then subdivided into twelve additional families of positive and twelve additional families of negative commands.”10

Further, that it is a unit is evident by the fact that the recognition of any of its features, i.e., as a meritorious system of righteousness with God, obligates the person to fulfill the entire Law, as we are taught by both Paul and James (cf. Gal. 3:10, 12; 5:3; Jam. 2:8-11).

Further evidence that the Law is a unit is the penalty of death for disobedience is attached to all three parts of the Law.

Noticing the penalties attached to certain commands further emphasizes the unitized character of the Law. When the command to keep the Sabbath (one of the “commandments”) was violated by a man who gathered sticks on that day, the penalty was death by stoning (Num. 15:32-36). When the people of Israel violated the command concerning the Sabbatical Year for the land (one of the “judgments”), God sent them into captivity where many died (Jer. 25:11). When Nadab and Abihu offered strange fire before the Lord (one of the “ordinances”), they immediately died (Lev. 10:1-7). Clearly these commands from various parts of the Law were equally binding and the punishment equally severe. The Law was a unit.11

Finally, three times in 2 Corinthians 3:6-13 Paul declares that the Mosaic system is done away or abolished (vss. 7, 11, 13). In commenting on 2 Corinthians 3:7-13, Chafer wrote:

It is the law as crystallized in the ten commandments which is in view; for that law alone was ‘written and engraven in stones.’ In the midst of the strongest possible contrast between the reign of the teachings of the law and the teachings of grace, it is declared that these commandments were ‘done away’ and ‘abolished.’ It should be recognized that the old was abolished to make place for the new, which far excels in glory. The passing of the law is not, therefore, a loss; it is rather an inestimable gain.”12

(5) The Mosaic Law stands in contrast to the grace of God as now manifested in the coming of Christ (Rom. 6:14; 7:6; 8:3; Gal. 3:12).

The Purpose and Function of the Mosaic Law

The Purpose and Function Explained

What then is the purpose of the Law? Though given to Israel to govern her life in the promise land for blessing instead of cursing, there was an attendant purpose in the giving of the Mosaic Law to Israel—a purpose that still stands today. Simply put, its proper use is to show man his total helpless and hopeless condition before a righteous and just God.

1 Timothy 1:8-10 But we know that the law is good if someone uses it legitimately, 1:9 realizing that law is not intended for a righteous person, but for lawless and rebellious people, for the ungodly and sinners, for the unholy and profane, for those who kill their fathers or mothers, for murderers, 1:10 sexually immoral, sodomites, kidnappers, liars, perjurers—in fact, for any who live contrary to sound teaching.

In the study of the Bible, there are three specific purposes that surface in the proper use of the Mosaic Law.

(1) In a general sense, it was given to provide a standard of righteousness (Deut. 4:8; Psalm 19:7-9). In the process, the Mosaic Law revealed the righteousness, holiness, and goodness of God (Deut. 4:8; Lev. 11:44-45; 19:2; 20:7; Rom. 7:12-14). The Law at Sinai was given to Israel to reveal who God is and to shed light on the reality of an infinite gulf that separates God from man.

Romans 3:19 Now we know that whatever the law says, it says to those who are under the law, so that every mouth may be silenced and the whole world may be held accountable to God.

Romans 3: 23 for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God.

(2) The Law was given to identify sin and reveal man’s sin and bankrupt condition as guilty before God (Rom. 3:19f; 7:7-8; 5:20; Gal. 3:19). God’s holy Law reveals to man just who and what he is—sinful and separated from God by an infinite gulf that he is unable to bridge in his own human strength.

Romans 3:19-20 Now we know that whatever the law says, it says to those who are under the law, so that every mouth may be silenced and the whole world may be held accountable to God. 3:20 For no one is declared righteous before him by the works of the law, for through the law comes the knowledge of sin.

(3) The Law was given to shut man up to faith, i.e., to exclude the works of the Law (or any system of works) as a system of merit for either salvation or sanctification and thereby lead him to Christ as the only means of righteousness (Gal. 3:19-20, 20-24; 1 Tim. 1:8-9; Rom. 3:21-24). The ceremonial portion of the Law did this by pointing to the coming of a suffering Savior, “for without the shedding of blood, there is no forgiveness” (Heb. 9:22).

Romans 3:21-24 But now apart from the law the righteousness of God, which is attested by the law and the prophets, has been disclosed— 3:22 namely, the righteousness of God through the faithfulness of Jesus Christ for all who believe. For there is no distinction, 3:23 for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God.3:24 But they are justified freely by his grace through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus.

Galatians 3:24-26 Thus the law had become our guardian13 until Christ, so that we could be declared righteous by faith. 3:25 But now that faith has come, we are no longer under a guardian. 3:26 For in Christ Jesus you are all sons of God through faith.

Summary: Keeping the Law in the True Sense

By keeping the Law, we are speaking about the true sense as God intended it, not as Israel and man tend to take it. The Ten Commandments showed the Jew his sin (and so all mankind) and that he was shut up under that sin. The Ten Commandments were designed to guide him, indeed to drive him to the Ceremonial Law (the tabernacle, priesthood, and sacrifices) for forgiveness through faith in the sacrifices which pointed to Christ. Then, the Social Law, regulated his life by showing him how to live socially, not to give him merit before God, but to enable him to experience the blessings of the covenant rather than the cursing as God warned in Deuteronomy.

The Limitations of the Mosaic Law

When approached as a meritorious system, the Law cannot justify (Gal. 2:16), give life (Gal. 3:21), give the Holy Spirit (Gal. 3:2, 14), sanctify (Gal. 3:21; 5:5; Rom. 8:3), make perfect, or permanently deal with sin (Heb. 7:19). It was designed to be a temporary guardian until the coming of Christ, the Suffering Messiah Savior.

The Effects of the Mosaic Law

The reasons for the effects listed below lie in the wrong reaction of Israel and people today, i.e., approaching the Law as a system of merit, shifting from a faith basis to a works basis (Exodus 19:8; Rom. 10:3). People often try to use the Law as a means of establishing their own standing before God. But Scripture emphatically teaches us that the Law brings a curse (Gal. 3:10-12), brings death, it is a killer (2 Cor. 3:6-7; Rom. 7:9-10), brings condemnation (2 Cor. 3:9), makes offenses abound (Rom. 5:10; 7:7-13), declares all men guilty (Rom. 3:19), and holds men in bondage to sin and death (Gal. 4:3-5, 9, 24; Rom. 7:10-14). This is because man in his sinful state can never fulfill the righteousness of the Law, especially in the spirit of the Law. He always falls short as Romans 3:23 tells us, and becomes condemned or guilty before a Holy God (Rom. 3:19).

The End of the Mosaic Law as a Rule of Life

The Fact Established

Several passages of Scripture clearly establish that the coming of Christ has brought an end to the Mosaic Law. Paul specifically states that “Christ is the end of the law for righteousness to everyone who believes” (Rom. 10:4). This instituted a new law or principle of life, i.e., the law of the Spirit, the one of liberty and grace (Rom. 8:2, 13). This fact was also clearly settled by the Jerusalem Council in Acts 15. A council was convened in the church at Jerusalem to look into the issue of the Law and its place in the life of believers because some were saying “Unless you are circumcised according to the custom of Moses, you cannot be saved,” and because even certain of the Pharisees who had believed were also saying “It is necessary to circumcise the Gentiles and to order them to observe the law of Moses.” The conclusion of the council, consisting of apostles and elders, was to reject the concept of placing New Testament believers under the yoke of the Law (15:6-11). The only thing the Jerusalem Council asked was that Gentile believers control their liberty in matters that might be offensive to Jewish believers, but they did not seek to place the believers under the yoke of the Law for they realized the Law had come to an end.

Finally, the book of Hebrews demonstrates that the old covenant of the Mosaic Law was only temporary and has been replaced by the coming of Christ whose ministry is based on (1) a better priesthood, one after the order of Melchizedek which is superior to Aaron’s, and (2) a better covenant with better promises (see Heb. 7-10). The old covenant was only a shadow of heavenly things, and if it had been able to make men perfect before God there would have been no occasion for a second or new covenant (see Heb. 7:11-12; 8:1-13). This change in the priesthood also necessitates a change in the Law. Such a change shows the Law has been terminated or done away.

The Problem of Mosaic Laws as Commands for New Testament Believers

A careful reading of the New Testament shows us that nine of the Ten Commandments are repeated as obligations for believers. The one exception is the command to keep the Sabbath. If the Mosaic Law has been done away, then why are these commandments repeated in the New Testament? Further, some commandments outside the Ten Commandments are even repeated in the New Testament. For instance, as a motivation for loving others, Paul referred to four of the Ten Commandments because they demonstrate this principle, but then, to summarize, he mentioned one from Leviticus 19:18, “You shall love your neighbor as yourself.” So in what sense has the Law been done away?

The Solution

Part of the purpose of the Law was to point men to the coming Savior through its shadows and types. Through the moral law, man could see God’s holy character as well as his own sinfulness and the infinite gulf that separates God and man. Through the ceremonial part of the Law (the priesthood, sacrifices, and tabernacle), man could find the solution to his sin by faith in what this part of the Law represented, a suffering Savior, one who would die as the Lamb of God. But even though no one could perfectly keep the Law, it was also designed for Israel’s immediate blessing by setting forth righteous principles that would show them how to love God and their fellow man. This would produce a stable and secure society as well as a testimony to the nations (Deut. 4:6-8).

Thus, in 613 commands the Mosaic Law represented an ethical code given by God to Israel to govern the nation until the coming of Messiah, but at their heart, they represented the moral law of God—righteous principles vital to humanity. Today, we are not under this code, but many of its righteous principles, the eternal laws of God, have been carried over and are part of the law of the Spirit of life in Christ (Rom. 8:2) or the law of Christ (1 Cor. 9:21; Gal. 6:2). In this, some of the former commands are carried over (Rom. 13:9), some new commands and guidelines are added (Eph. 4:11f; 1 Tim. 3:1f; 4:4), and some have been revised, as in the case of capitol punishment which is to be exercised by human government (Rom. 13:4).

It needs to be emphasized that the end of the Mosaic law, including the Ten Commandments, does not cancel or detract one iota from the eternal moral law of God. The moral principles of the ten laws did not begin with Sinai but are as eternal and immutable as the character of God. To understand this should dispel the fears of those who think the abolition of the Mosaic law leaves only a state of lawlessness.

The moral principles embodied in the law of Moses Paul calls “the righteousness of the law” (Rom 8:4), and shows that such principles are the goal of the Spirit-directed life in the same context in which he teaches the believer is not under the Mosaic law (Rom 6—8).

This should be no more difficult to understand than the fact that a citizen of the United States is not under the laws of Canada, even though the moral principles underlying the laws of the two countries are the same. When a citizen of the United States becomes a citizen of Canada he does not remain under ten of the best laws of the United States. Nor does the fact that some of the laws of the United States are quite similar to some of the laws of Canada confuse or compromise his new exclusive responsibility to Canada. So the believing Jew of the first century moved entirely from the Mosaic economy of law into the new economy of grace instituted by Jesus Christ (John 1:17).14

The Lawful Use of the Mosaic Law

The Law is still good from the standpoint of its main function and purpose as seen above in The Purpose and Function of the Law (1 Tim. 1:8-10; James 2:1-10; Gal. 5:1-3; 6:1). This is how James uses the Law, to reveal sin (James 2:9), to get believers out of self-righteous legalism, and move them into a walk by faith in a living Savior.

The Relationship of New Testament Believers to the Mosaic Law

1. He is never saved by keeping the Law (Gal. 2:21).

2. He is not under the Law as a rule of life, i.e., sacrifice, Sabbath keeping, tithing (Rev. 6:14; Acts 15:5, 24).

3. Thus, he does not walk by the Law but by the Spirit, which is the new law for the New Testament saint (Rom. 8:4; Gal. 5:5). This is law of liberty through faith in the power of God.

4. He is dead to the Law (Rom. 7:1-6; Gal. 2:19) by virtue of his union with Jesus Christ who fulfilled the Law.

5. He is to fulfill the righteousness of the Law, i.e., the spirit of the law as seen in Christ’s words in Matthew 10:37-40 love for God, and love for one’s neighbor (James 2:9). But this can only be fulfilled through a knowledge of Bible truth and the filling of the Holy Spirit, which furnishes the power or ability needed to live the Christian life according to the eternal moral law of God. So we are under God’s new law, the law of the Spirit of life in Christ Jesus (Rom. 8:2-4).

Christ, the Fulfillment of the Mosaic Law

Christ fulfilled the Ten Commandments by living a perfect and sinless life. Thus, when man trusts in Christ, Christ’s righteousness is imputed to that individual so we have justification. We have Christ’s righteousness so the Law can’t condemn us (Rom. 8:1; 7:1-6; Rom. 5:1; 4:4-8).

Christ fulfilled the ceremonial ordinances, the shadows and types of His person and work, by dying on the cross for us and in our place. This showed that God was also perfect justice and sin must be judged, but God provided His Son, the precious Lamb of God. The penalty which the Law exercised was paid. Again there is no condemnation because the believer is “in Christ” (Col. 2:14; Rom. 3:24-25).

Christ also fulfilled the Social Law, but now He replaces it with a new way of life fitting to our new salvation. He gives provision for the inner man—the indwelling Holy Spirit—who enables us to experience true sanctification so that we may experience also the righteousness of the Law (Rom. 8:2-4).

Summary

1. Christ is the end of the Law and believers are not under the Mosaic Law. New Testament believers are not under Law but under grace (Rom. 6:14).

2. Since the Lord Jesus Christ fulfills the Law by His person and work, believers are under a new law; the obligation to walk by the Spirit of Life through faith (Rom. 8:2-4). If we are led by the Spirit, then we are not under the Law (Gal. 5:18).

3. Against such, i.e., the fruit of the Spirit, there is no law because the believer is then operating under the highest law, the standards are met as we walk by the Holy Spirit and grow in the Word (Gal. 5:22).

Warning Against Entanglements with the Law as Believers Today

After salvation by grace there has always been the grave danger of reverting to Law or legalism by taboos and tactics of coercion, or some form of human manipulation (Gal. 3:1-3). To go back to the Law as a way of life puts one under the control of the flesh, it nullifies true spirituality by faith in the Holy Spirit, and defeats the believer. It results in human good and domination by the sin nature or the flesh (Gal. 5:1-5; Col. 2:14f). The fact that the Christian is not under the Mosaic Law does not mean, of course, that there is lawlessness or no proper sense of morality or ethics in the Christian life. Quite the contrary is true. But in dealing with the subject of morality or ethics, it must be understood that the clear teaching of the New Testament is that the moral life the Christian is responsible for is that (1) no one can be saved by virtue of his own works (Tit. 3:5; Eph. 2:8-9), and (2) that the morality of the Christian life is to be the result of the Christ exchanged life by faith and submission to the ministry and power of a Spirit-controlled life.

The Threefold Duties of the New Testament Believer

In the New Testament, then, completely adequate teaching is provided as to the principles of conduct the Christian will follow if he truly presents his body “a living sacrifice” (Rom 12:1) and walks “in the Spirit” (Eph 5:9). In Titus 2:11-14 is to be found a convenient outline around which to group these principles. First in this passage it is majestically stated that God’s grace brings us salvation. But His grace then teaches us to live soberly, righteously and godly. These are three important lines of responsibility: the believer is to live soberly with regard to himself (Rom 12:3); righteously with regard to his fellow men; and godly with regard to the Lord. The same truth can be more or less expressed in a somewhat different way: We should seek to live in accordance with the precepts of grace because (1) this will please God (Heb 13:16) and will demonstrate our love for Christ (John 14:15); (2) it will help others (Matt 5:16; Titus 3:8,14); (3) it will bring true joy and blessing to our own hearts (John 15:10-11). 15

The following compilation, though not exhaustive, contains some of the most important of these precepts.

Duties toward God
Positive

1. Trust Him (Mark 11:22; John 14:1, ASV; Heb 11:6).

2. Love Him and seek to know Him better (1 John 5:2; Phil 3:10, 15; Jas 4:8).

3. Be thankful to Him; worship and praise Him (John 4:23; Col 3:15; Heb 13:15.)

4. Serve Him (Rom 12:6-8, 11; 1 Cor 15:58).

5. Pray to Him (Luke 18:1; Rom 12:12; Eph 6:18; Phil 4:6; Col 4:2; 1 Tim 2:2).

6. Live in accordance with His will (Rom 12:1; Heb 13:21; Jas 4:7).

7. Walk in the Spirit (Gal 5:16, 25; Eph 5:18).

8. Hold fast to sound doctrine and contend for the faith (2 Tim 1:13; Heb 13:9; Jude 3).

9. Witness for Christ (John 15:27; Acts 1:8; 1 Pet 3:15).

10. Do everything as unto Him (1 Cor 10:31; Eph 6:7-8; Col 3:17,23-24).

11. Be diligent in devotion and study of His Word (John 5:39; Col 3:16; 2 Tim 2:15; Jas 4:8; 1 Pet 2:2).

Negative

1. Do not have idols (1 Cor 10:7, 14; Eph 5:3; Phil 3:19; Col 3:5; 1 Tim 6:17; Heb 13:15; 1 John 5:21).

2. Do not receive false teachers (2 John 10).

3. Do not mock or speak against God (Gal 6:7; Col 3:8).

Duties toward Other Human Beings
Positive

1. Love all, especially our brethren (John 15:17; Rom 12:10; 1 Cor 16:14; 1 Pet 1:22; 1 John 3:23; 4:7 {1 John 4:7}).

2. Be sympathetic and compassionate (Eph 4:32; Phil 2:4; Col 3:12).

3. Forgive and forbear (Rom 12:19; Eph 4:32; Col 3:13).

4. Deal honestly and fairly (Rom 12:17b; 13:7 {Rom 13:7}; 13:13 {Rom 13:13}; 1 Thess 4:12; Jas 2:1).

5. Do good to all and help all (Rom 12:13; Gal 6:2, 10; 1 Thess 5:15; Titus 3:1; Heb 13:16; Jas 4:17; 3 John 11).

6. Tell the truth (Eph 4:25).

7. Be courteous and live peaceably with all (Rom 12:18; 1 Pet 2:17; 3:8 {1 Pet 3:8}).

8. Treat others as we would like for them to treat us (Luke 6:31; Rom 12:17a).

9. Provide a good example for others (1 Cor 8:9, 13; Phil 2:15).

10. Urge brethren to good works and seek to restore backsliders (Gal 6:1; Heb 10:24).

Negative

1. Do not lie or bear false witness (Eph 4:25; Col 3:9; Titus 2:3).

2. Do not steal (Eph 4:28; 1 Pet 4:15).

3. Do not murder (1 Pet 4:15).

4. Do not commit adultery or fornication (1 Cor 6:18; 1 Thess 4:13).

5. Do not judge others or speak evil of them (Rom 14:13; Titus 3:2; Jas 4:11; cf. John 7:24).

6. Do not be unequally yoked with an unbeliever (2 Cor 6:14).

7. Do not have fellowship with professing Christians who live in scandalous sin (1 Cor 5:11; 2 Thess 3:14).

8. Do not go to law with other believers (1 Cor 6:lff).

9. Do not glory in men (1 Cor 3:21).

10. Avoid troublemakers and useless disputes (Rom 16:17; 2 Tim 2:23; Titus 3:12).

11. Do not have unpaid debts (Rom 13:8).

Duties toward Self
Positive

1. Be holy (1 Pet 1:15; 2:11 {1 Pet 2:11}; 2 Pet 3:1).

2. Cleave to the good and do good to all (Rom 12:9; 1 Thess 5:15).

3. Study the Word of God and meditate on sacred things (1 Thess 4:11; 2 Tim 2:15).

4. Grow spiritually (2 Pet 3:18).

5. Think on good things (Phil 4:8).

6. Think soberly of yourself (Rom 12:3).

7. Be ambitious in the right way (1 Cor 12:31; 14:1 {1 Cor 14:1}; 2 Cor 5:4).

8. Be content with what God gives you (Heb 13:5).

9. Rejoice in the Lord (Rom 12:12; Phil 3:1; 4:4 {Phil 4:4}; 1 Thess 5:16).

10. Live in the light of the judgment seat of Christ (1 Cor 9:24).

11. Judge yourself and confess sins to God (1 Cor 11:31; 2 Cor 13:5; 1 John 1:9).

12. Conserve time for good purposes (Eph 5:11; Col 4:5).

13. Cultivate your mind (1 Pet 1:13).

14. Do useful work (Eph 4:28; 2 Thess 3:12).

15. Keep your body clean and in good health (1 Cor 6:15; 6:19,20 {1 Cor 6}; 10:31 {1 Cor 10:31}; Rom 12:1).

Negative

1. Abhor evil (Rom 12:9; 1 Thess 5:22).

2. Avoid pride (Rom 12:3; Jas 4:10; 1 Pet 5:6).

3. Do not conform to or love the world (Rom 12:2; 1 John 2:15).

4. Do not fellowship with evil (Eph 5:11).

5. Do not sin through anger (Eph 4:26).

6. Do not worry (Phil 4:6; 1 Pet 5:7; 1 John 14:1,27).

7. Do not be lazy (Rom 12:1).

8. Do not use filthy speech (Eph 4:29; 5:4 {Eph 5:4}).

9. Do not become drunk (Eph 5:18).

10. Do not complain (1 Cor 10:10; Phil 2:14).

Miscellaneous Duties

Beyond all that has been said…, there are still other duties which the earnest believer would do well to consider: duties toward the lower creation; responsibilities with regard to human government; special duties devolving upon particular classes, such as the unmarried, husbands, wives, children, servants.


1 For further information on this subject see the article by Roy L Aldrich, “Causes for Confusion of Law and Grace,” Bibliotheca Sacra, 116:463:221-29, July, 1959.

2 G. Coleman Luck, “Christian Ethics,” Bibliotheca Sacra, 118:471—July, 1961, Theological Electronic Library, Galaxie Software.

3 The verb “train” or “instruct” is paideuo, “to bring up, instruct, educate, train” then, “correct, practice, discipline, give guidance.”

4 Charles C. Ryrie, The Grace of God, Moody Press, Chacago, 1963, pp. 51-52.

5 In this clause, “but” is alla, a conjunction that expresses strong contrast.

6 Ryrie, p. 53.

7 Ryrie, p. 53.

8 Roy L. Aldrich, “Has the Mosaic Law Been Abolished?,” Bibliotheca Sacra, 116:464, October, 1959, Theological Journal Electronic Library, Galaxie Software.

9 Literally, the Hebrew reads, “for out of Zion will go instruction.” Though the NASB has, “for the Law of the Lord will go forth,” which might be taken as the Mosaic Law because of the article, “the,” used in the translation, but the original Hebrew is better rendered by the NET Bible for the Hebrew word for “law,” torah, lacks the the article.

10 Charles C. Ryrie, Basic Theology, Victor Books, Wheaton, IL, 1987, electronic media.

11 Ryrie, electronic media.

12 Lewis Sperry Chafer, Systematic Theology, IV, 242.

13 Or “disciplinarian,” “custodian,” or “guide.” According to BAGD 603 s.v. paidagwgov", “the man, usu. a slave…whose duty it was to conduct the boy or youth…to and from school and to superintend his conduct gener.; he was not a ‘teacher’ (despite the present mng. of the derivative ‘pedagogue’…When the young man became of age the p. was no longer needed.” LN 36.5 gives “guardian, leader, guide” here. (Taken from the NET Bible translators notes)

14 Aldrich, Theological Electronic Library.

15 This and all the material that follows is taken from the article by G. Coleman Luck, “Christian Ethics,” Bibliotheca Sacra, 118:471, July, 1961, Theological Electronic Library.

Related Topics: Bibliology (The Written Word), Dispensational / Covenantal Theology, Law

What does the head covering in 1 Cor. 11 refer to?

If you have not read Dan Wallace’s outstanding article, What is the Head Covering in 1 Corinthians 11 and Does It Apply to Us Today? I would encourage you to do so. You’ll find it here

The material quoted below from, The Bible Knowledge Commentary, should also shed some light on this question.

Paul began (11:2-16) and ended (14:34-35) his discussion of Christian freedom as it pertained to worship with remarks directed primarily at the behavior of women in the Corinthian church. Some have questioned whether his comments in this section refer to the actual meeting of the church or to extra-church occasions in which a woman might pray or prophesy. The fact that Paul appealed to church practice elsewhere as a feature of his argument in this section (11:16) suggests that he was discussing church meetings. Modern distinctions between meetings of the church for worship and other meetings of Christians seem based more on expediency than biblical evidence.

11:2. The Corinthians had expressed to Paul, either in their letter or via their spokesmen (cf, 1:11; 16:17), that they remained devoted to Paul and to the teachings, the central doctrines of the faith, which he had communicated to them (cf. 11:23; 15:1, 3). For this Paul commended them: I praise you.

11:3. Paul no doubt appreciated the Corinthians’ goodwill toward him. But more importantly, he wanted to see behavior in keeping with a Christian’s calling. As a prelude to his exhortation, Paul characteristically laid down a theological basis. In this instance it concerned headship. The word head (kephaleµ) seems to express two things: subordination and origination. The former reflects the more usual Old Testament usage (e.g., Jud. 10:18), the latter that of Greek vernacular (e.g., Herodotus History 4. 91). The former is primary in this passage, but the latter may also be found (1 Cor. 11:8). The subordination of Christ to God is noted elsewhere in the letter (3:23; 15:28). His subordination to the Father is also true in His work as the “agent” of Creation (8:6; cf. Col. 1:15-20).

11:4. When a man prayed aloud publicly or exercised the gift of prophecy by declaring a revelation from God (cf. 12:10), he was to have his physical head uncovered so that he would not dishonor himself and his spiritual head, Christ (v. 3).

The alternate translation in the NIV margin, which interprets the man’s covering as long hair, is largely based on the view that verse 15 equated the covering with long hair. It is unlikely, however, that this was the point of verse 4 (cf. comments on v. 15).

11:5-6. It cannot be unequivocally asserted but the preponderance of evidence points toward the public head covering of women as a universal custom in the first century in both Jewish culture ([apocryphal] 3 Maccabees 4:6; Mishnah, Ketuboth 7. 6; Babylonian Talmud, Ketuboth 72a-b) and Greco-Roman culture (Plutarch Moralia 3. 232c; 4. 267b; Apuleius The Golden Ass 11. 10). The nature of the covering varied considerably (Ovid The Art of Love 3:135-65), but it was commonly a portion of the outer garment drawn up over the head like a hood.

It seems that the Corinthian slogan, “everything is permissible,” had been applied to meetings of the church as well, and the Corinthian women had expressed that principle by throwing off their distinguishing dress. More importantly they seem to have rejected the concept of subordination within the church (and perhaps in society) and with it any cultural symbol (e.g., a head-covering) which might have been attached to it. According to Paul, for a woman to throw off the covering was an act not of liberation but of degradation. She might as well shave her head, a sign of disgrace (Aristophanes Thesmophoriazysae 837). In doing so, she dishonors herself and her spiritual head, the man.

11:7-9. The man, on the other hand, was not to have his head covered because he was the image and glory of God. Paul based this conclusion on Genesis 1:26-27. A woman’s (a wife’s) glory and image was derived from (1 Cor. 11:8) and complementary to (v. 9) that of the man (her husband). Man, then, was God’s authoritative representative who found in woman a divinely made ally in fulfilling this role (Gen. 2:18-24). In this sense she as a wife is the glory of man, her husband. If a married woman abandoned this complementary role, she also abandoned her glory, and for Paul an uncovered woman’s head gave symbolic expression to that spirit.

11:10. Paul offered a third reason (the first reason was the divine order— God, Christ, man, woman, vv. 3-6; the second reason was Creation, vv. 7-9) why womanly insubordination in the church should not exist. Angels were spectators of the church (4:9; Eph. 3:10; 1 Tim. 5:21; cf. Ps. 103:20-21). For a woman to exercise her freedom to participate in the church without the head covering, the sign of her authority (exousia, a liberating term; cf. 1 Cor. 7:37; 8:9; 9:4-6, 12, 18), would be to bring the wisdom of God (Eph. 3:10) into disrepute.

Other (but less acceptable) explanations have been suggested for the words because of the “angels”: (a) evil angels lusted after the women in the Corinthian congregation; (b) angels are messengers, that is, pastors; (c) good angels learn from women; (d) good angels are an example of subordination; (e) good angels would be tempted by a woman’s insubordination.

11:11-12. Men and women together in mutual interdependence, complementing each other, bring glory to God (cf. 10:31). Neither should be independent or think themselves superior to the other. Woman’s subordination does not mean inferiority. Man is not superior in being to woman. Eve came from Adam, and each man born in the world comes from a woman’s womb (11:12). God created them both for each other (Gen. 1:27; 2:18).

11:13-15. Paul had based his previous reasoning for maintaining the head covering as a woman’s expression of her subordination on arguments rooted in special revelation. Now he turned to natural revelation (cf. Rom. 1:20) for a fourth argument in support of his recommendation. Mankind instinctively distinguished between the sexes in various ways, one of which was length of hair. Exceptions to this general practice were due either to necessity (e.g., Apuleius The Golden Ass 7. 6, “to escape in disguise”) or perversity (Diogenes Laertius, Lives 6. 65). No abstract length of hair was in mind so much as male and female differentiation. The Spartans, for example, favored shoulder-length hair for men (cf. Lucian, The Runaways 27) which they tied up for battle (Herodotus History 7. 208-9), and no one thought them effeminate.

Long hair was a woman’s glory because it gave visible expression to the differentiation of the sexes. This was Paul’s point in noting that long hair was given to her as a covering. Natural revelation confirmed the propriety of women wearing the physical covering (cf. Cicero On Duties 1. 28. 100). She has a natural covering, and should follow the custom of wearing a physical covering in a public meeting.

Some Bible students, however, say that the Greek anti, rendered “as” (i.e., “for” or “in anticipation of”) should be translated in its more normal sense of “instead of.” According to that view, a woman’s hair was given instead of a physical covering, for it in itself is a covering. In this view women should pray with long hair, not short hair. This view, however, does not explain the woman’s act of covering or uncovering her head, mentioned in 1 Corinthians 11:5-6.

11:16. Paul’s fifth argument for maintaining the status quo on head- coverings came from universal church practice. Paul was not trying to foist a new behavioral pattern on the Corinthians but simply to hold the line against self-indulgent individual excess in the name of freedom. As in the case of food offered to idols (8:1-11:1), Paul dealt with the immediate issue but also put his finger on the root of the problem, the Corinthian pursuit of self-interest which was unwilling to subordinate itself to the needs of others (cf. 10:24) or the glory of God (10:31). Throwing off the head- covering was an act of insubordination which discredited God.

Whether women today in church services should wear hats depends on whether the custom of head coverings in the first century is to be understood as a practice also intended for the present day. Many Bible students see that for today the principle of subordination (not the command to wear hats) is the key point in this passage. The intent of the custom of women wearing hats today, for fashion, seems far different from the purpose of the custom in the first century.

Related Topics: Worship

In Praise Of God

Related Media

The psalmists praised the Lord for many things. The psalmist in Psalm 111 praises God for his eternal actions:

The works of his hand are faithful and just;
all his precepts are trustworthy.

They are steadfast forever and ever,
done in faithfulness and uprightness.

He provided redemption for his people;
He ordained his covenant forever –
holy and awesome is his name. (Ps. 111:7-9)1

As Futato remarks, “Praise the Lord for who he is: Glorious and majestic, gracious and merciful, just and good. Praise the Lord for what he has done. He has provided the full ransom and the instruction needed to live a life of purpose and significance.”2 Thus, the Lord’s word is praised and shown to be basic to the believer’s life:

Your word, O LORD, is eternal;
it stands firm in the heavens.

Your faithfulness continues through all generations;
you establish the earth and it endures. (Ps. 119:89-90; cf. Ps 111:9).

The psalmist, King David, points out that the Lord has “granted him eternal blessings” and “made him glad with the joy of the Lord’s presence” and that because he “trusts in the Lord” and therefore, the unfailing love of the Most High will not be shaken” (Ps. 21:6-7). Furthermore,

You have made known to me the path of life;
you will fill me with joy in your presence,
with eternal pleasures at your right hand. (Ps. 16:11; cf. Ecc. 12:5b).

The Old Testament passages find even greater fulfillment in the life of Jesus, as attested in the book of John. There Jesus tells his disciples:

My sheep listen to my voice; I know them and they follow me. I give them eternal life and they shall never perish; no one can snatch them out of my hand. My Father, who has given them to me, is greater than all; no one can snatch them out of my Father’s hand. I and the Father are one (Jn 10:27-30; cf. Jn. 12:49-50).

It is of great interest to note that Jesus declares his oneness with God the Father. As Kostenberger observes: ”For Jesus to be one with the Father yet distinct from him amounts to a claim to deity (cf. John 1:1-2) … Jesus’ unity with the Father later constitutes the basis on which Jesus prays that his followers likewise will be unified (John 17:22)”.3

Granted the assurance of this fact, today’s believers are challenged to live in harmony and unity with fellow believers. Even so, John has spoken of Jesus’ assurance that “whoever hears my word and believes him who sent me has eternal life and will not be condemned; for he crossed over from death to life” (Jn. 5:24; cf. vv. 39-40). Yes, Jesus is the ultimate source of mankind’s eternal life. As Jesus told Nicodemus, the Pharisee, “Everyone who believes in Him may have eternal life. For God so loved the world that he gave his one and only Son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have eternal life (Jn. 3:15-16). The singular importance of this fact lies behind the Apostle John’s further teaching that, “The Father loves the Son and has placed everything in his hands. Whoever believes in the Son has eternal life, but whoever rejects the Son will not see life, for God’s wrath remains on him (Jn. 3:35-36). As Jesus said elsewhere, “My Father’s will is that everyone who looks to the Son and believes in him shall have eternal life, and I will raise him up at the last day” (Jn. 6:40; cf. Jn 17:1-2). As Kostenberger remarks “Precisely because the believer’s future raising up by Jesus is a certainty, it can be said that they have eternal life already in the here and now.”4 So it is that the true believer is assured of eternal life with the Lord (cf. Jude 1-2). Thus, Jude goes on to say:

Dear Friends, build yourselves up in your most holy faith and pray in the Holy Spirit. Keep yourselves in God’s love as you wait for the mercy of our Lord Jesus Christ to bring you to eternal life. (Jude 20-21).

May each of us, then, who are genuine believers wait expectantly, enjoying intimate fellowship with the Lord. As I have pointed out elsewhere, as Christ’s followers, believers should be faithful in all things, even such matters as the course of their daily tasks and contacts. This should be their constant, consistent goal and desire throughout their lives. … May each believer be ever faithful to the end, mindful of the resurrected, risen Christ’s charge to the church in Smyrna: “Remain faithful even to the point of death, and I will give you the crown of life itself” (Rev 2:10).5

As the hymn write says:

True-hearted, whole-hearted, faithful and loyal,
King of our lives by the grace we will be.6


1 All scripture references are from the NIV.

2 Mark D. Futato, “The Book of Psalms”, in Cornerstone Biblical Commentary, ed. Philip W. Comfort (Carol Stream, Il., Tyndale House, 2009), VII:353.

3 Andreas J. Kostenberger, “John” in Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament, (Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004), 312.

4 IBID, 212.

5 Richard D. Patterson, “Faithful to the End”, (Bible.Org, 2015).

6 Frances R. Havergal, “True-Hearted, Whole-Hearted”.

Related Topics: Christian Life, Devotionals

The Net Pastor's Journal, Eng Ed, Issue 31 Spring 2019

Spring 2019 Edition

A ministry of…

Author: Dr. Roger Pascoe, President,
The Institute for Biblical Preaching
Cambridge, Ontario, Canada
Email: [email protected]
Phone: 519-620-2375

Part I: Strengthening Expository Preaching

“Strengthening Illustrations”

A. Why Illustrate?

1. Because The Bible Is Full Of Illustrations

Since God has chosen to communicate a large portion of his Word to us in stories, surely this should guide preachers in their communication of the Word. God undoubtedly used stories to communicate his truth because they are a powerful medium to which human beings respond and which they understand. To not use stories in preaching is to miss a significant communications methodology that God has used and endorsed, and to fail to communicate the truth in relevant, illuminative ways.

2. Because Illustrations Go Hand-In-Hand With “Explanation” And “Application”

Illustrations help us explain and apply the truth in relevant, clear, understandable ways. Thus, when you preach truth in its application to real life situations, you should be able to illustrate it!

Some preachers think that you leave the application of the Word to the Holy Spirit alone to make it clear and relevant to life. While it is true that only the Holy Spirit can make the Word so clear and convicting that a person’s life is changed, nonetheless let’s not forget that the Holy Spirit uses the medium of preaching to make the Word relevant and applicable to life and He has given us the biblical precedent of illustrations to make those applications live.

We must not only tell our people what to do, but give examples of how to do it, or how someone else’s life was impacted through the Word.

3. Because Illustrations Help Overcome The “So What?” Hump

Illustrations get the preacher past the threshold of the audience’s attention and into their minds, hearts, wills, and consciences. Illustrations can often show a listener why they need this sermon; why it applies to them.

Illustrations can be a very helpful tool in getting past people’s “what-does-this-have-to-do-with me” objections because they are non-threatening, non-adversarial. They do not incite people’s objections. They are arms length, third party examples.

B. Some Purposes And Types Of Illustrations

1. Some Purposes Of Illustrations

a) To clarify the truth

b) To simplify the truth

c) To picture the truth

d) To concretize the truth (i.e. make the truth tangible, visible, real)

e) To emphasize the truth

f) To provide additional authority for the message

g) To express the truth in a different way

2. Some Types And Sources Of Illustrations

a) Biblical narratives, statements, and proverbs often make the best illustrations.

But a word of warning: Be careful in using Bible stories as illustrations. Bible stories were given to make a point, not to supply a source of illustrations for subsequent preachers. While it is alright to use biblical stories to illustrate a point, generally it is better to quote the Bible for its authority and teaching rather than to illustrate a point (though I would not be dogmatic on this).

b) Church history, biography, testimony.

c) Secular history, literature, information.

d) Allegory, parable, fable, story.

e) Anecdote, quotation, statistics.

f) Personal experience, contemporary testimony. The best illustrations are often a “slice-of-life” - an experience, whether yours or someone else’s. These experiences make good illustrations because…

  • everyone can identify with them
  • they are “real”
  • they are relevant and contemporary
  • they need no interpretation to apply to people’s lives

“Slice-of-life” illustrations require that you be observant about…

  • people’s hurts, wants, needs, relationships, occupations, hardships
  • contemporary news items that speak to people’s hearts and consciences
  • what people say, think, and do
  • how people speak, think, act, and react
  • how you react, think, speak, and act (so that you identify with others within yourself). Without always speaking about yourself, typically, what happens to you, and how you act is representative of almost everyone else.

g) Literary devices such as figures of speech (similes, metaphors, contrasts and comparisons), word pictures, word plays.

h) Object lessons like visual aids and presentations.

i) Contemporary news, slogans, statements, events. You can find these sources of illustrations as you read newspapers and magazines, or listen to the radio or TV – secular broadcast media know more than anyone else what people want, where they hurt, how they live.

j) General life observations, experiences.

k) Examples from nature – e.g. a moth changing into a butterfly might be an illustration of the transformation of the Christian.

C. The Placement Of Illustrations

1. Where To Place Them In The Flow Of The Sermon

Decide where in your sermon you would get the most benefit from an illustration and / or where it is most needed. You don’t need illustrations for every point of your sermon.

The strategic location of illustrations has much more impact than how many you have.

However, there are some obvious places where you need an illustration:

a) The introduction. A well-chosen illustration gets attention, raises interest, introduces the subject, and identifies the need.

b) Major points. I don’t feel obligated to have an illustration for every main point. In fact that may not be possible or desirable or necessary. But somewhere in the body of your sermon you need to illustrate what you are speaking on, if for no other reason than to give a break from the teaching of the sermon - i.e. to give mental relief for the audience.

c) The conclusion. If you can find a suitable illustration for the conclusion it will make it more powerful and more memorable. Again, this may not always be possible, desirable, or necessary.

Here are some questions to help you think through the placement, number, and type of illustrations [These question derived from Ramesh Richard, Preparing Expository Sermons (Baker), 126]:

a) Is an illustration necessary to clarify or explain a point or section of the sermon?

b) Would an illustration answer the audience’s implicit questions: “how, why, when”?

c) Would an illustration make the point more credible, believable, acceptable?

d) What kind of illustration would introduce the audience to the possible implications and applications of the point?

2. How To Place Them In The Flow Of The Sermon

The illustration has more connectedness and impact when you move in the following order:

a) Make the point.

b) Transition to the illustration. It is most helpful to smooth into your illustration by means of a transitionary statement – such as: “I discovered the reality of this recently when…” or some such statement.

c) Illustrate the point.

d) Possibly, transition to the audience by applying it, or exhorting them to respond to the illustration, although this is not necessary.

e) Restate the point or carry on with the development of the point, or transition to the next point.

D. Twenty Do’s And Don’ts Of Illustrations

1. Don’t use the same type of illustration all the time

E.g. sports which generally appeal mainly to men and only some men.

2. Don’t use your own family as illustrations

As a general rule, leave your family out of your sermons . They have enough exposure as it is. Though they will generally give you their permission to use a personal illustration, they often don’t think about the consequences or implications, so leave them out.

3. Don’t use anyone in your congregation, unless it is to compliment them and only then with their permission.

4. Don’t ever use anything confidential, even if it is couched in non-personal language. The person will see himself or herself in the story and you will lost your credibility with that person.

5. Always give brief credit for your sources

You lose impact if citing the source takes away from attention to the illustration or becomes boring. Generally, I record in my sermon notes the details of the source, but in preaching I only give the author’s name or the name of the source (e.g. newspaper).

If you don’t know the source (or, if you don’t want to spell it out), simply say: “Someone said” or “I read somewhere”, so that you give credit where it is due and you don’t try to make it look like your own.

Illustrations in the public domain generally need no acknowledgement as to their source.

6. Don’t use the same illustration twice with the same audience

You run the risk of boring your audience if you repeat illustrations.

7. Don’t use an illustration that dominates the point it illustrates

Make sure every illustration serves the truth and doesn’t dominate it. Explanation and application of the truth are the central focus of our preaching – that is what the Holy Spirit can take and use to change lives. We are preachers first and foremost, not story-tellers

You want people to remember the truth through the illustration. They will certainly remember illustrations; just make sure they remember what they illustrate.

8. Don’t twist an illustration to make it fit just because it is a good illustration

Good illustrations are powerful and preachers have the tendency to want to use them. This leads to the tendency to use them incorrectly and inappropriately. It is one thing to adjust an illustration of a general nature (like “the story of the little boy who…”) to fit the story, but no illustration should be twisted to fit your sermon.

9. Learn to communicate illustrations well

This is a learned art. Watch the reaction of your audience to determine its effect.

10. Place your illustrations strategically for the most impact

The most strategic placements are at the beginning and the end – at the beginning to generate attention; at the end to drive the point home and cause them to remember what you said.

11. Keep your illustrations short

Long illustrations tend to lose focus on what is being illustrated. Long illustrations have to be right the first time (no second chance – once you’re into it you’re into it) and have the intended impact or else you lose your audience, you come out looking bad, and you waste valuable time.

On the other hand, if a short illustration doesn’t have the impact you want, you can move on without any great embarrassment or loss of time. Also, short illustrations are easier to remember and easier to deliver without notes. Illustrations delivered without notes have the greatest impact.

12. Make sure your illustrations are accurate in detail and authorship

If you are not accurate, you lose credibility. Historical data must be accurate. Literary quotations (e.g. poems) must be accurate. Statistical data must be accurate.

13. Make sure your illustrations suit your audience

Take into account cultural issues like figures of speech, social practices, historical relevance, humour etc. This becomes very important when speaking to audiences in a different culture than your own (e.g. overseas).

Universal illustrations have to do with life’s experiences, nature, history, and things like that.

14. Don’t use too many illustrations

If you load your sermon with illustrations your audience will get tired of them and they will conclude that you did not prepare well. At most, an illustration for each major point is usually enough.

15. Don’t use illustrations that are not credible

Test every illustration: “Is this likely…believable…logical…realistic?” If not, don’t use it (even if it’s true) or you will destroy your credibility.

16. Be very careful with the use of humor

Humour should only be used if it is natural – i.e. not jokes! If an illustration or experience is funny and it suits your biblical topic, then use it. That’s different from a joke, which is a made-up scenario. Remember, funny incidents that the audience doesn’t find funny only detract from the effectiveness of your message, so be careful. Don’t use any humour that could be construed as off color or inappropriate (such as anything that could be construed as a racial slur).

17. Don’t refer to yourself repeatedly

People usually love their pastor but enough is enough. They want to hear more than just what happened in your life (when you were young, as you grew up, incidents in you previous church etc.). I would recommend that you stay away from references to your previous church. If you talk about it, then your audience can legitimately conclude that you will talk about them to others as well. It’s not professional nor necessary nor appropriate.

18. Don’t be too graphic

We are there to draw attention to God and his truth not to graphic illustrations. Generally, graphic language or illustrations turn people off.

19. Don’t use worn out illustrations

Stories that every preacher tells are a no-no. Be original. That takes work and research, but it’s worth it.

20. Make sure your illustrations illustrate the point

Sometimes you can listen to a preacher’s illustration and say: “What did that have to do with the subject?” Like humour, an illustration must be intuitively obvious as to what it means and how it illustrates and connects with the point you are trying to make. You should not have to explain it or, again like humour, it falls flat.

Part II. Transformational Leadership

“The Profile of a Christian Leader”

What does a Christian leader look like? Who is he in his person, character, abilities, attitudes, lifestyle, spirituality etc.? Clearly, the starting point is the spiritual qualifications for a church leader set out in 1 Tim. 3:1-7 and Tit. 1:5-9. But this is only the starting point, it seems to me. This is by no means an exhaustive list, which, if a man meets, he is necessarily qualified to be a church leader. I don't think Paul intended this to be some sort of checklist that we use without any other standards or requirements. This list says nothing about character traits like humility, courage, or wisdom, but surely these are also important aspects of a church leader’s profile. Nor does it say anything about the gift of leadership (Rom. 12:8), but surely an elder must be gifted as a leader.

So, what other aspects of character and personality or ability do you think a church leader must have? I think, apart from Paul’s criteria in 1 Tim. 3, that there are embedded in Scripture certain inalienable character and personality traits that are necessary for church leaders. I think these are best understood by dividing them into three categories:

A. Those intangible character traits that enable them to consistently make good decisions.

B. Those personality traits that impact those they lead by inspiring them to follow and obey.

C. Those “success” traits that drive the leader to achieve results, such as self-discipline, perseverance, endurance.

A. Character Traits

These traits enable leaders to consistently make good decisions. The top five on my list are: wisdom, integrity, humility, courage, and vision.

1. Wisdom

Wisdom stands at the top of my list. This is the umbrella trait under which all the others are subsumed. The question is: “What is wisdom?” Here’s my formula: Wisdom = knowledge + experience + maturity.

a) Knowledge. Knowledge is our acquaintance with facts, truths, principles etc. Knowledge is connected with learning. Special knowledge comes from our specific areas of expertise and learning, whether academic or on-the-job.

b) Experience. You cannot be wise without experience. After all, wisdom is earned and learned through life experience. Life’s school of experiential adversity knocks wisdom into you.

While experience connotes “age”, some people gain experience faster than others by virtue of their exposure to life experiences and their openness to learning from those experiences, be it at home, school, work, or society.

You could probably say that experience is where we put knowledge to work, as in an apprenticeship. After all, isn't the entirety of life, to some degree, an apprenticeship?

c) Maturity. The apostle Paul wrote: “We speak wisdom among those who are mature (1 Cor. 2:6). What is maturity? Maturity is something that is hard to define but you know it when you see it. Or, to put it another way, you know immaturity when you see it.

Maturity is acting like an adult not a child - e.g. no temper tantrums when you don’t get your own way or when things go wrong. Controlling your emotions.

Physical maturity is easy to recognize. It occurs without us doing anything. We simply reach a stage where we stop growing, cutting teeth and we look like an adult.

Emotional and psychological maturity occurs at different times for different people. Some older people never reach maturity. At 60 or 70 years old, they may still be immature in their behaviour, reactions, attitudes, and speech, while some younger people may be quite mature in those areas.

Maturity has to do with self-control, choices, how we express emotions. It’s an awareness of who we are, how we relate to others.

Maturity has to do with enduring short-term pain in order to achieve long-term gain. Immature people don’t see things that way. They want immediate self-satisfaction.

Maturity is making your word your bond. Consistency. Dependability.

Sadly, wisdom is the one trait that seems to be so lacking in church leaders today. But that’s what our churches desperately need in leadership. Note the following:

  • Solomon did not ask God for riches but for wisdom (1 Kings 3:9).
  • Jesus grew and became strong in spirit, filled with wisdom” (Lk. 2:40) ... and he increased in wisdom and stature (2:52).
  • The leaders of Acts 6 were seven men of good reputation, full of the Holy Spirit and wisdom (Acts 6:3).
  • The apostle Paul prays “… that you may be filled with the knowledge of His will in all wisdom and spiritual understanding” (Col. 1:9).
  • Speaking of Christ, Paul says, In whom are hidden all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge” (Col. 2:3).
  • We are exhorted to walk in wisdom toward those who are outside, redeeming the time” (Col. 4:5).

Wise people usually consult others, evaluate self-performance, and engage in reflection. Wise people welcome challenging dialogue that stimulates their thinking and opinions. Wise people don't want “yes-men” around them, but people who have initiative and independent thinking.

2. Integrity

What is integrity? Integrity is sometimes defined as adherence to moral and ethical principles. Integrity is manifested in…

a) Impartiality. This means never making decisions to please people but to please God (Eph. 6:6-7; Col. 3:22-23). Doing what is right, regardless of the cost. This means never being caught in a conflict of interest. This means never favouring one person over another, regardless of who is involved. This may mean turning down someone’s kind intent so that you are not beholden to that person.

b) Transparency. Openness. No hidden agenda regardless of the consequences. This doesn’t mean that you tell everything you know necessarily (wisdom and confidentiality may dictate otherwise), but it does mean not hiding behind a veneer, being true to who you are.

c) Righteousness. Uprightness in one’s dealings.

d) Sincerity. Not being phoney. No ulterior motives. Not being hypocritical. Not putting on a pretense.

e) Honesty. Truthfulness, frankness. Freedom from deceit or guile.

f) Credibility. Acting in a way that people trust you and believe you.

g) Moral purity. This is part of personal integrity. “Pay close attention to yourself” (1 Tim. 4:16). Why? Because you cannot lead others to faith, or teach people the truth, or lead the people of God in worship, or intercede on behalf of others, unless your own life is upright and morally clean.

A Christian leader must have integrity. Your whole life must hold together – no gaps, no inconsistencies; just a unified whole.

3. Humility

What is humility? Humility is …

a) Meekness. Meekness is “not thinking more highly of yourself than you ought to think” (Rom. 12:3) – i.e. not arrogant. Meekness is “esteeming others better than yourself” (Phil. 2:3). Meekness is the attitude that says, “He must increase but I must decrease” (Jn. 3:30). Meekness is the attitude that says, “I am the least of the apostles and do not deserve to be called an apostle” (1 Cor. 15:9; cf. Eph. 3:8; 1 Tim. 1:15).

b) Fallibility. Fallibility is knowing and admitting that you don’t know everything. You can and do make mistakes. You don’t have all the answers.

c) Gentleness. Not bullying others to get your own way.

d) Servanthood. Not a celebrity expecting adulation from others but a person who serves others.

e) Self-consciousness. The willingness to acknowledge your weaknesses as well as your strengths.

Humility is the opposite of pride. It’s easy to become proud in ministry, particularly if there are outward signs of success in worldly terms (e. g. increase in church attendance or a new church building). Preaching, in particular, can generate pride. People’s affirmation of your preaching can go to your head.

The minute we begin to think it has anything to do with us (our credit; our merit) we are in trouble. Remember: “God resists the proud and gives grace to the humble” (Jas. 4:6; 1 Pet. 5:5). “Humble yourself therefore under the mighty hand of God that he may exalt you in due time” (1 Pet. 5:6). When it’s time, He will exalt you – not yourself.

4. Courage

What is courage? Courage is not “in-your-face” boldness, not rudeness, not outspokenness. Rather, courage is doing what is right regardless of others’ opinions, despite opposition, consequences, criticism, failure, or discouragement. Courage is having a conviction as to a right course of action and carrying it out. Courage is standing for truth. Courage is confidence that, with God’s help, “we can do it”.

Remember: “God has not given us the spirit of fear…” (2 Tim. 1:7). Martin Luther, on his journey to Worms to face interrogation about his teachings, said: “You can expect from me everything, save fear or recantation. I shall not flee, much less recant.” That is courage.

Christian leadership isn’t easy. It takes courage.

It takes courage to make tough decisions - to do what is right regardless of the consequences.

Clear, good decision-making made in dependence on God is the hallmark of a good spiritual leader, like…

  • Abraham during the crisis of Sodom and the rescue of Lot (Gen. 14:14f.)
  • Moses when he decided to give up Egypt’s pleasures and power (Heb. 11:23-28)
  • Paul in the storm (Acts 27)

Every time you face a crossroad in decision-making, you will be an example of either courage or cowardice. David and Daniel were men of courage. Jonah and Gideon were men of cowardice.

It takes courage to deal with difficult situations - to face obstacles, attacks, personal criticism and opposition (from people; from Satan etc.). It takes courage to preach when you’ve been soundly criticized during the week (cf. Jer. 1:17-19). Criticism is one of the worst enemies to wear you down. It amplifies your insecurities, takes your eyes off the task at hand and onto yourself, depletes your energy and enthusiasm, makes you defensive, and isolates you.

That’s why negative, destructive criticism (judgementalism), I believe, is a tool of Satan. I believe in the biblical concepts of rebuke, exhortation, and confrontation (2 Tim. 4:2), but destructive criticism has no place among the people of God. Criticism is usually negative, destructive – it’s about what people don’t want or don’t like, not about what is honouring to God or beneficial to his people. Criticism can distort your view of ministry and of the people you minister to.

It takes courage to persevere in times of spiritual discouragement - to stay the course when discouragement sets in, when you think you’re a failure, when you work hard but it seems no one is listening or responding.

Remember: Three times God told Joshua to be strong and of good courage. Why? Because he knew the temptations and tests that Joshua would face might be discouraging to him and in which he might be tempted to take the easy way out.

5. Vision

What is vision? Vision is not a “head-in-the-clouds” dream world; it’s not your own aspirations. Vision is …

a) Seeing what’s possible.

b) “Seeing the invisible” as Moses did (Heb. 11:27) and the patriarchs, who saw the promises afar off, even though they themselves did not receive them (Heb. 11:13).

c) Setting realistic and achievable goals and direction.

d) A sense of optimism: “I can do all things through Christ who strengthens me” (Phil. 4:13) – i.e. the things that I am able to do and will do, I do through the strength that Christ supplies.

B. Personality Traits

By personality traits I means those personal characteristics that influence the people you lead. This is the ability to inspire others to follow and obey. This is sometimes referred to as the “power of personhood”. You can’t learn this. You either have it or you don’t. It is charisma – not artificial or superficial, but genuine and internal.

C. Success Traits

Success traits are those characteristics that drive a leader to achieve results. These include traits like self-discipline, perseverance, endurance. Pressing on despite discouragement because you can see the goal. Encouraging those on your team to go on. This comes from the internal drive to make a difference in your life. This is about motivation.

Conclusions

These five character traits determine whether a leader will make consistently good decisions, impact those he leads in a powerful way, and drive him to accomplish goals.

Part III. Sermon Outlines

To listen to the audio version of these sermons in English, click on these links: Link 1 - Jn. 20:19-21; Link 2 - Jn. 20:21-23; Link 3 - Jn. 20:24-31

Title: I’ve Just Seen Jesus

Theme: The shock and reality of the resurrection

Point #3: Jesus’ resurrection turns fear into courage (19-23)

(See the Winter 2019 version of this journal for points #1 and #2)

1. The resurrected Jesus alleviates our fears (19-20)

a) He alleviates our fears by what he says (19)

b) He alleviates our fears by what he does (20)

2. The resurrected Jesus activates our courage (21-23)

a) He activates our courage to continue his work (21)

b) He activates our courage to speak with authority (22-23)

Point #4: Jesus’ resurrection turns unbelief into faith (24-29)

1. Unbelief is not convinced by second-hand testimony (24-25a)

2. Unbelief requires concrete proof (25b-28)

a) Concrete proof is what Jesus says (26)

b) Concrete proof is what Jesus has done (27a)

3. Concrete proof demands a verdict (27b-29)

a) Belief is proven by a great confession of faith (28)

b) Faith is honoured by a great blessing from Jesus (29)

i) It’s good to see and believe (29a)

ii) It’s better to believe before seeing (29b)

Conclusions (30-31)

Related Topics: Pastors

La Revue Internet Des Pasteurs, Fre Ed 31, Edition du printemps 2019

Edition Printemps 2018

Un ministère de…

Author: Dr. Roger Pascoe, President,
The Institute for Biblical Preaching
Cambridge, Ontario, Canada
Email: [email protected]
Phone: 519-620-2375

Partie I: Renforçant La Predication En Expose

“Renforçant les Illustrations”

A. Pourquoi Illustrer?

1. Parce Que La Bible Est Pleine d’Illustrations

Puisque Dieu a choisi de nous communiquer une grande partie de sa Parole à travers des récits, ceci devrait sûrement guider les prédicateurs dans leur communication de la Parole. Dieu a sans doute utilisé des récits pour communiquer sa vérité, car ils constituent un moyen puissant auquel les êtres humains répondent et qu'ils comprennent. Ne pas utiliser les récits dans la prédication, c'est rater une importante méthodologie de communication que Dieu a utilisée et approuvée et ne pas communiquer la vérité de manière pertinente et éclairante.

2. Parce Que Les Illustrations Vont De Pair Avec «Explication» Et «Application»

Les illustrations nous aident à expliquer et à appliquer la vérité de manière pertinente, claire et compréhensible. Ainsi, lorsque vous prêchez la vérité dans son application à des situations de la vie réelle, vous devriez pouvoir l'illustrer!

Certains prédicateurs pensent que vous laissez l'application de la Parole au Saint-Esprit seul pour la rendre claire et pertinente pour la vie. S'il est vrai que le Saint-Esprit seul peut rendre la Parole si claire et convaincante et que la vie d'une personne est changée, n'oublions pas néanmoins que le Saint-Esprit utilise le moyen de la prédication pour rendre la Parole pertinente et applicable à la vie et il nous a donné le précédent biblique des illustrations pour rendre vivantes ces applications.

Nous devons non seulement dire à nos gens quoi faire, mais donner des exemples sur comment faire ou la manière dont la vie de quelqu'un a été influencée par la Parole.

3. Parce Que Les Illustrations Aident A Surmonter La Bosse «Et Alors?

Les illustrations amènent le prédicateur à franchir le seuil de l’attention du public et dans son esprit, son cœur, sa volonté et sa conscience. Les illustrations peuvent souvent montrer à un auditeur pourquoi il a besoin de ce sermon; pourquoi cela s'applique à eux.

Les illustrations peuvent être un outil très utile pour éviter les objections des gens telles ‘en quoi cela m’est utile ?’’, car ils ne sont pas menaçants, ne sont pas contradictoires. Ils ne suscitent pas les objections des gens. Ils sont indépendants, des exemples de tiers.

B. Quelques Objectifs Et Types Des Illustrations

1. Quelques Objectifs Des Illustrations

a) Clarifier la vérité

b) Simplifier la vérité

c) Imaginer la vérité

d) Concrétiser la vérité (c'est-à-dire rendre la vérité tangible, visible, réelle)

e) Mettre l’accent sur la vérité

f) Fournir une autorité supplémentaire pour le message

g) Exprimer la vérité d'une manière différente

2. Quelques Types Et Sources D'illustrations

a) Les récits bibliques, les déclarations et les proverbes forment souvent les meilleures illustrations.

Mais un mot d'avertissement: soyez prudent lorsque vous utilisez des histoires bibliques comme illustrations. Des récits bibliques ont été donnés pour souligner un point, non pour fournir une source d’illustrations aux d’autres prédicateurs. Bien qu'il soit correct d'utiliser des récits bibliques pour illustrer un point, il est généralement préférable de citer la Bible pour son autorité et son enseignement plutôt que pour illustrer un point (bien que je ne sois pas dogmatique à ce sujet).

b) Histoire de l'Église, biographie, témoignage.

c) Histoire seculaire, littérature, information.

d) Allégorie, parabole, fable, histoire.

e) Anecdote, citation, statistiques.

f) Expérience personnelle, témoignage contemporain. Les meilleures illustrations sont souvent une "tranche de vie" - une expérience, que ce soit la vôtre ou celle de quelqu'un d'autre. Ces expériences font de bonnes illustrations car…

  • • tout le monde peut s'identifier à elles
  • • elles sont réelles"
  • • elles sont pertinentes et contemporaines
  • • elles n’ont pas besoin d’interprétation pour s’appliquer à la vie des gens

Les illustrations «tranches de vie» exigent que vous soyez attentif à…

  • • aux blessures des gens, leurs désirs, besoins, relations, occupations, leurs difficultés
  • • articles d’actualité contemporains qui parlent au cœur et à la conscience des gens
  • • ce que les gens disent, pensent et font
  • • comment les gens parlent, pensent, agissent et réagissent
  • • comment vous réagissez, pensez, parlez et agissez (afin de vous identifier avec les autres au-dedans de vous vous). Sans toujours parler de vous, généralement, ce qui vous arrive et votre comportement, cela est représentatif de presque tout le monde.

g) Des dispositifs littéraires tels que des figures de style (comparaisons, métaphores, contrastes et comparaisons), des images de mots, des jeux de mots.

h) Des leçons d'objets comme des aides visuelles et des présentations.

i) Nouvelles contemporaines, slogans, déclarations, événements. Vous pouvez trouver ces sources d'illustrations en lisant des journaux et des magazines, ou en écoutant la radio ou la télévision. Les médias audiovisuels séculaires savent mieux que quiconque ce que les gens veulent, où ils ont mal, comment ils vivent.

j) Observations de la vie en général, expériences.

k) Exemples tirés de la nature - p. ex. un insecte qui se transforme en papillon pourrait être une bonne illustration de la transformation du chrétien.

C. L’emplacement Des Illustrations

1. Où Les Placer Dans Le Flot Du Sermon

Décidez où, dans votre sermon, vous tirerez pourrai mieux profiter d'une illustration et / ou de l'endroit où vous en avez le plus besoin. Vous n’avez pas besoin d’illustrations pour chaque point de votre sermon.

L’emplacement stratégique des illustrations a beaucoup plus d’impact que le nombre que vous avez.

Cependant, il y a des endroits évidents où vous avez besoin d'une illustration:

a) L'introduction. Une illustration bien choisie attire l'attention, suscite l'intérêt, introduit le sujet et identifie le besoin.

b) Points Principaux. Je ne me sens pas obligé d’avoir une illustration pour chaque point principal. En fait, cela peut ne pas être possible, souhaitable ou nécessaire. Mais quelque part dans le sermon, vous devez illustrer votre propos, ne serait-ce que pour donner une pause par rapport à l’enseignement du sermon, c’est-à-dire pour soulager mentalement le public.

c) La conclusion. Si vous pouvez trouver une illustration appropriée pour la conclusion, cela la rendra plus puissante et plus mémorable. Encore une fois, cela peut ne pas être toujours possible, souhaitable ou nécessaire.

Voici quelques questions pour vous aider à réfléchir à l'emplacement, au nombre et au type d'illustrations [Ces questions proviennent de Ramesh Richard, Préparer des sermons d'expositions (Baker), 126]:

a) Une illustration est-elle nécessaire pour clarifier ou expliquer un point ou une section du sermon?

b) Une illustration répondrait-elle aux questions implicites de l’audience: "comment, pourquoi, quand"?

c) Une illustration rendrait-elle le point plus crédible, plus croyable, plus acceptable?

d) Quel type d'illustration présenterait à l’audience les implications et les applications possibles du point?

2. Comment Les Placer Dans Le Flot Du Sermon

L'illustration a plus de connectivité et d'impact lorsque vous avancez dans l'ordre suivant:

a) Faire le point.

b) La transition à l'illustration. Il est très utile d’assouplir votre illustration au moyen d’une déclaration transitoire, telle que: «J’ai récemment découvert la réalité de cela quand…» ou une telle déclaration.

c) Illustrer le point.

d) Éventuellement, faites une transition vers l’audience en l'appliquant ou en l'exhortant à réagir à l'illustration, bien que cela ne soit pas nécessaire.

e) Reformulez le point ou continuez avec le développement du point ou passez au point suivant.

D. Vingt Elements Permis Et Interdits Des Illustrations

1. N'utilisez pas le même type d'illustration tout le temps

Par exemple les sports qui attirent généralement surtout des hommes et seulement quelques hommes.

2. N'utilisez pas votre propre famille comme illustration

En règle générale, laissez votre famille hors de vos sermons. Ils ont assez d'exposition comme il en est ainsi. Bien qu’on vous autorise généralement à utiliser une illustration personnelle, ils ne pensent souvent pas aux conséquences ni aux implications, donc laissez-les de côté.

3. N'utilisez personne dans votre congrégation, à moins que ce ne soit pour l’encourager et ce seulement avec leur permission.

4. N'utilisez jamais quelque chose de confidentiel, même s'il est exprimé dans un langage non personnel. La personne se verra dans l'histoire et tu perdras ta crédibilité auprès de cette personne.

5. Toujours donner un bref crédit pour vos sources

Vous perdez tout impact si en citant citer la source, cela détourne l'attention de l'illustration ou devient ennuyeux. En règle générale, j’enregistre dans mon sermon les détails de la source, mais dans la prédication, je ne donne que le nom de l’auteur ou le nom de la source (par exemple, un journal).

Si vous ne connaissez pas la source (ou, si vous ne voulez pas l'énoncer), dites simplement: “Quelqu'un a dit” ou “J'ai lu quelque part”, afin que vous donniez crédit à l'endroit où il faut et n'essayez pas de le faire comme votre propre citation.

Les illustrations du domaine public ne nécessitent généralement pas de mention de leur source.

6. N’utiliser pas la même illustration deux fois avec la même audience

Vous risquez d’ennuyer votre public si vous répétez les illustrations.

7. N’utilisez une illustration qui domine le point qu’elle illustre

Assurez-vous que chaque illustration sert à la vérité et ne la domine pas. L'explication et l'application de la vérité sont au centre de notre prédication - c'est ce que le Saint-Esprit peut prendre et utiliser pour changer des vies. Nous sommes avant tout des prédicateurs, pas des conteurs.

Vous voulez que les gens se souviennent de la vérité à travers l'illustration. Ils se souviendront certainement des illustrations; assurez-vous simplement qu'ils se souviennent de ce qu'on illustre.

8. Ne tordez pas une illustration pour l’adapter simplement parce que c’est une bonne illustration.

Les bonnes illustrations sont puissantes et les prédicateurs ont tendance à vouloir les utiliser. Cela conduit à la tendance à les utiliser de manière incorrecte et inappropriée. C'est une chose que d'adapter une illustration de nature générale (comme «l'histoire du petit garçon qui…») à celle-ci, mais aucune illustration ne doit être tordue pour correspondre à votre sermon.

9. Apprenez à bien communiquer les illustrations

C'est un art appris. Regardez la réaction de votre public pour déterminer son effet.

10. Placez vos illustrations de manière stratégique pour un impact maximum

Les placements les plus stratégiques sont au début et à la fin - au début pour attirer l'attention; à la fin de mener le point à la maison et les amener à se rappeler ce que vous avez dit.

11. Gardez vos illustrations courtes

Les longues illustrations ont tendance à perdre de vue ce qui est illustré. Les longues illustrations doivent être justes du premier coup (pas de deuxième chance - lorsque vous y êtes, vous y êtes) et vous avez l’impact voulu, autrement vous perdez votre audience, vous vous sentez mal et vous perdez un temps précieux.

D’une autre manière, si une courte illustration n’a pas l’impact que vous souhaitez, vous pouvez passer à autre chose sans gêne ni perte de temps. En outre, les illustrations courtes sont plus faciles à mémoriser et à livrer sans notes. Les illustrations données sans notes ont le plus grand impact.

12. Assurez-vous que vos illustrations sont précises dans les détails et selon l’auteur.

Si vous n'êtes pas précis, vous perdez votre crédibilité. Les données historiques doivent être précises. Les citations littéraires (par exemple, les poèmes) doivent être précises. Les données statistiques doivent être précises.

13. Assurez-vous que vos illustrations conviennent à votre audience

Tenez compte des questions culturelles telles que les chiffres, les pratiques sociales, la pertinence historique, l’humour, etc. Cela devient très important lorsque vous vous adressez à une audience de culture différente de la vôtre (par exemple à l’étranger).

Les illustrations universelles sont liées aux expériences de la vie, la nature, l’histoire, et des choses semblables.

14. N’utilisez trop d’illustrations

Si vous chargez votre sermon avec des illustrations, votre auditoire en aura assez et conclura que vous ne vous êtes pas bien préparé. Tout au plus, une illustration pour chaque point majeur est généralement suffisante.

15. N’utilisez d’illustrations qui ne sont pas crédibles

Testez chaque illustration: «Est-ce possible… crédible… logique… réaliste?» Sinon, ne l'utilisez pas (même si c'est vrai) ou vous détruirez votre crédibilité.

16. Soyez très prudent avec l'utilisation de l'humour

L’humour ne doit être utilisé que s’il est naturel - c’est-à-dire sans blagues! Si une illustration ou une expérience est amusante et qu'elle convient à votre thème biblique, utilisez-la. C’est différent d’une blague, qui est un scénario inventé. N'oubliez pas que des incidents amusants que le public ne trouve pas amusants ne font que nuire à l'efficacité de votre message. Soyez donc prudents. N’utilisez pas d’humour qui pourrait être interprété comme étant de mauvaise couleur ou inapproprié (comme tout ce qui pourrait être interprété comme une insulte raciale).

17. Ne vous référez pas à vous-même de façon repétitif

Les gens aiment généralement leur pasteur, mais trop c'est trop. Ils veulent entendre plus que ce qui s'est passé dans votre vie (quand vous étiez jeune, comme vous avez grandi, des incidents dans votre église précédente, etc.). Je vous recommande de rester à l'écart des références à votre ancienne église. Si vous en parlez, votre auditoire peut légitimement conclure que vous parlerez d’eux également à d'autres. Ce n’est ni professionnel, ni nécessaire, ni approprié.

18. Ne soyez pas trop graphique

Nous sommes là pour attirer l'attention sur Dieu et sa vérité et non sur des illustrations graphiques. Généralement, le langage graphique ou les illustrations dissuadent les gens.

19. Ne pas utiliser d’illustrations usées

Les histoires que chaque prédicateur raconte sont un non-non. Soyez original. Cela prend du travail et de la recherche, mais cela en vaut la peine.

20. Assurez-vous que vos illustrations illustrent bien le sujet.

Quelque fois, vous pouvez écouter l'illustration d'un prédicateur et dire: «Qu'est-ce que cela a à voir avec le thème?». Comme pour l'humour, une illustration doit être intuitivement évidente quant à sa signification, à la manière dont elle illustre et correspond au but recherché. Vous ne devriez pas avoir à l'expliquer ou, encore une fois, comme l'humour, ça tombe à plat.

Partie II. Le Leadership Transformationel

“Le Profile D’un Leader Christian”

A quoi ressemble un leader chrétien? Qui est-il dans sa personne, son caractère, ses capacités, ses attitudes, son style de vie, sa spiritualité, etc.? Clairement, le point de départ est constitué par les qualifications spirituelles d’un dirigeant d’église énoncées dans 1 Tim. 3: 1-7 et Tit. 1: 5-9. Mais cela n’est que le point de départ, me semble-t-il. Il ne s’agit nullement d’une liste exhaustive que, si un homme en possède, est nécessairement qualifiée pour diriger l’église. Je ne pense pas que Paul ait voulu que ce soit une sorte de liste de contrôle que nous utilisons sans autre norme ou exigence. Cette liste ne dit rien sur les traits de caractère comme l’humilité, le courage ou la sagesse, mais c’est sûrement aussi des aspects importants du profil d’un dirigeant d’église. Cela ne dit rien non plus sur le don du leadership (Romains 12: 8), mais il est certain qu'un ancien doit être doué en tant que dirigeant.

Alors, quels autres aspects du caractère et de la personnalité ou de la capacité pensez-vous qu'un dirigeant d'église doit avoir? Je pense que, hormis les critères de Paul dans 1 Tim. 3, il existe dans les Écritures certains traits de caractère et de personnalité inaliénables nécessaires aux dirigeants d'église. Je pense que ceux-ci sont mieux compris en les regroupant en trois catégories:

A. Ces traits de caractère intangibles qui leur permettent de prendre systématiquement de bonnes décisions.

B. Ces traits de personnalité qui ont un impact sur ceux qu’ils dirigent en les incitant à suivre et à obéir.

C. Ces caractéristiques de «succès» qui poussent le dirigeant à atteindre des résultats tels que l’autodiscipline, la persévérance et l’endurance.

A. Traits De Caractere

Ces caractéristiques permettent aux dirigeants de prendre systématiquement de bonnes décisions. Les cinq premiers sur ma liste sont: la sagesse, l’intégrité, l’humilité, le courage et la vision.

1. La Sagesse

La sagesse est au sommet de ma liste. C'est le trait d'union sous lequel tous les autres sont englobés. La question est: "Qu'est-ce que la sagesse?" Voici ma formule: Sagesse = connaissance + expérience + maturité.

a) La Connaissance. La connaissance est notre connaissance des faits, des vérités, des principes, etc. La connaissance est liée à l'apprentissage. Des connaissances particulières proviennent de nos domaines d’expertise et d’apprentissage, qu’ils soient académiques ou professionnels.

b) Expérience. Vous ne pouvez pas être sage sans expérience. Après tout, la sagesse est acquise et apprise à travers l'expérience de la vie. L’école de la vie faite d’adversité expérientielle vous apprend la sagesse.

Tandis que l'expérience évoque «l'âge», certaines personnes acquièrent de l'expérience plus rapidement que d'autres en raison de leur exposition aux expériences de la vie et de leur volonté d'apprendre de ces expériences, que ce soit à la maison, à l'école, au travail ou dans la société.

Vous pourriez probablement dire que c'est dans cette expérience que nous mettons les connaissances à profit, comme dans un apprentissage. Après tout, l’entièreté de la vie n’est-elle pas, dans une certaine mesure, un apprentissage?

c) La Maturité. L'apôtre Paul a écrit: “Nous parlons avec sagesse parmi ceux qui sont mûrs” (1 Cor. 2: 6). Qu'est-ce que la maturité? La maturité est quelque chose qui est difficile à définir mais vous le savez quand vous le voyez. Ou, pour le dire autrement, vous connaissez l'immaturité quand vous la voyez.

La maturité agit comme un adulte et non un enfant - par exemple pas de crise de colère quand vous ne vous retrouvez pas ou quand les choses tournent mal. Contrôlez vos émotions.

La maturité physique est facile à reconnaître. Cela se produit sans que nous fassions quoi que ce soit. Nous arrivons simplement à un stade où nous arrêtons de grandir, l’effet des dents et nous ressemblons à un adulte.

La maturité émotionnelle et psychologique se produit à différents moments pour différentes personnes. Certaines personnes âgées n'atteignent jamais la maturité. À 60 ou 70 ans, ils peuvent encore être immatures dans leur comportement, leurs réactions, leurs attitudes et leur langage, alors que certains jeunes peuvent être assez matures dans ces domaines.

La maturité est liée au contrôle de soi, aux choix, à la manière dont nous exprimons les émotions. C’est une prise de conscience de qui nous sommes, de nos relations avec les autres.

La maturité a à voir avec l’endurance de douleur à court terme afin de réaliser un gain à long terme. Les personnes immatures ne voient pas les choses de cette façon. Ils veulent une satisfaction personnelle immédiate.

La maturité fait de votre parole votre lien. Cohérence. Fiabilité.

Malheureusement, la sagesse est le seul trait qui semble faire tellement défaut chez les dirigeants d'église aujourd'hui. Mais c’est ce dont nos églises ont désespérément besoin en matière de leadership. Notez les points suivants:

  • Salomon n'a pas demandé de richesses à Dieu, mais de sagesse (1 Rois 3: 9).
  • Jésus "a grandi et est devenu fort d'esprit, plein de sagesse" (Luc 2:40) ... et "il a grandi en sagesse et en stature" (2:52).
  • Les leaders dans Actes 6 étaient «sept hommes de bonne réputation, pleins du Saint-Esprit et de la sagesse» (Actes 6: 3).
  • L'apôtre Paul prie «…afin que vous soyez rempli de la connaissance de sa volonté en toute sagesse et intelligence spirituelle» (Col. 1: 9).
  • En parlant de Christ, Paul dit: «En qui sont cachés tous les trésors de la sagesse et de la connaissance» (Colossiens 2: 3).
  • Nous sommes exhortés à “marcher avec sagesse vers ceux qui sont dehors, rachetant le temps” (Col. 4: 5).

Les personnes sages consultent généralement les autres, évaluent leur performance et engagent une réflexion. Les sages accueillent favorablement un dialogue stimulant qui stimule leur pensée et leurs opinions. Les sages ne veulent pas de «oui-monsieurs» autour d'eux, mais de gens qui ont l'esprit d'initiative et la pensée indépendante.

2. L‘Integrite

Qu'est-ce que l'intégrité? L'intégrité est parfois définie comme l'adhésion à des principes moraux et éthiques. L'intégrité se manifeste dans…

a) Impartialité. Cela signifie ne jamais prendre de décisions pour plaire aux gens mais pour plaire à Dieu (Éph. 6: 6-7; Col. 3: 22-23). Faire ce qui est juste, peu importe le coût. Cela signifie ne jamais être pris dans un conflit d'intérêts. Cela signifie ne jamais favoriser une personne par rapport à une autre, peu importe qui est impliqué. Cela peut signifier refuser l’intention de quelqu'un pour ne pas être redevable à lui.

b) La Transparence. Ouverture. Aucun agenda caché quelles que soient les conséquences. Cela ne veut pas dire que vous dites tout ce que vous savez nécessairement (la sagesse et la confidentialité peuvent s’imposer autrement), mais cela veut dire que vous ne devez pas vous cacher derrière une apparence, mais que vous êtes fidèle à votre personnalité.

c) La Justice. La droiture dans ses opérations.

d) sincérité. Ne pas être faux. Pas d'arrière-pensées. Ne pas être hypocrite. Ne pas faire semblant.

e) honnêteté. Vérité, franchise. Sans tromperie ni de ruse.

f) Crédibilité. Agir de manière à ce que les gens vous fassent confiance et vous croient.

g) La Pureté morale. Cela fait partie de l'intégrité personnelle. «Faites très attention à vous» (1 Tim. 4:16). Pourquoi? Parce que vous ne pouvez pas amener les autres à la foi, ni enseigner la vérité aux gens, ni amener le peuple de Dieu dans un culte, ou intercéder pour le compte d'autrui, à moins que votre vie ne soit juste et moralement pure.

Un leader chrétien doit avoir l’intégrité. Toute votre vie doit se convenir - pas de lacunes, pas d'incohérences; juste un tout unifié.

3. L’humilite

Qu’est-ce que l’humilité? L’humilité c’est…

a) La Douceur. La douceur, c’est « de ne pas avoir une trop haute opinion de soi-même» (Rom. 12: 3) - c’est-à-dire non arrogant. La douceur, c'est «estimer les autres mieux que soi» (Phil. 2: 3). La douceur est l'attitude qui dit: «Il faut qu’Il croisse et que je diminue» (Jn. 3:30). La douceur est l'attitude qui dit: "Je suis le moindre des apôtres et je ne mérite pas d'être appelé apôtre" (1 Cor. 15: 9; cf. Eph. 3: 8; 1 Tim. 1:15).

b) La Faillibilité. La faillibilité est de savoir et d’admettre que vous ne savez pas tout. Vous pouvez et faites des erreurs. Vous n’avez pas toutes les réponses.

c) La Douceur. Ne pas brimer les autres pour votre propre bien.

d) La Servitude. Pas une célébrité qui attend l'adulation des autres, mais une personne qui sert les autres.

e) La conscience de soi. La volonté de reconnaître vos faiblesses ainsi que vos forces.

L'humilité est le contraire de l'orgueil. Il est facile de devenir fier dans le ministère, surtout s’il y a des signes extérieurs de succès en termes matériels (p. Ex. Augmentation de la fréquentation de l’église ou construction d’une nouvelle église). La prédication, en particulier, peut générer de l’orgueil. L’appréciation de votre prédication par les gens peut aller à votre esprit.

Dès que nous pensons que cela a quelque chose à voir avec nous (notre crédit; notre mérite), nous avons des problèmes. Rappelez-vous: «Dieu résiste aux orgueilleux mais Il fait grâce aux humbles» (Jaq. 4: 6; 1 Pierre 5: 5). “Humiliez-vous donc sous la main toute puissante de Dieu, afin qu'il vous élève au moment convenable” (1 Pierre 5: 6). Quand le moment sera venu, il vous exaltera - pas vous-même.

4. Courage

Qu'est-ce que le courage? Le courage n'est pas de l'audace, ni de la grossièreté, ni du franc-parler. Le courage consiste à faire ce qui est juste quelles que soient les opinions des autres, malgré les oppositions, les conséquences, les critiques, les échecs ou le découragement. Le courage consiste à avoir une conviction quant à la marche à suivre et à la mener à bien. Le courage est debout pour la vérité. Le courage est la certitude qu’avec l’aide de Dieu, «nous pouvons le faire».

Rappelez-vous: «Dieu ne nous a pas donné l'esprit de peur…» (2 Tim. 1: 7). Martin Luther, lors de son voyage à Worms pour faire face à un interrogatoire sur ses enseignements, a déclaré: «Vous pouvez tout attendre de moi, sauf la peur ou la rétractation. Je ne vais pas fuir, encore moins me rétracter.» C'est du courage.

Le leadership chrétien n’est pas facile. Ça demande le courage.

Il faut du courage pour prendre des décisions difficiles - faire ce qui est juste quelles que soient les conséquences.

Une prise de décision claire, fondée sur Dieu, est la marque d'un bon leader spirituel, comme…

  • Abraham pendant la crise de Sodome et le sauvetage de Lot (Genèse 14: 14.)
  • Moïse quand il a décidé d’abandonner les plaisirs et le pouvoir de l’Égypte (Hébreux 11: 23-28)
  • Paul dans la tempête (Actes 27)

Chaque fois que vous serez confronté à un tournant décisionnel, vous serez un exemple de courage ou de lâcheté. David et Daniel étaient des hommes de courage. Jonas et Gédéon étaient des hommes de lâcheté.

Il faut du courage pour faire face à des situations difficiles - faire face aux obstacles, attaques, critiques personnelles et oppositions (de la part des gens; de Satan, etc.). Il faut du courage pour prêcher quand vous avez été vivement critiqué pendant la semaine (cf. Jér. 1: 17-19). La critique est l’un des pires ennemis à vous épuiser. Il amplifie vos insécurités, détourne votre regard de la tâche à accomplir et porte sur vous-même, épuise votre énergie et votre enthousiasme, vous rend défensif et vous isole.

C’est pourquoi je pense que la critique négative et destructrice (l’esprit du jugement) est un outil de Satan. Je crois aux concepts bibliques de réprimande, d'exhortation et de confrontation (2 Tim. 4: 2), mais la critique destructive n'a pas sa place parmi le peuple de Dieu. Les critiques sont généralement négatives, destructives - il s’agit de ce que les gens ne veulent pas ou n’aiment pas, pas de ce qui honore Dieu ou bénéfique pour son peuple. Les critiques peuvent déformer votre vision du ministère et des personnes à qui vous exercez le ministère.

Il faut du courage pour persévérer dans les moments de découragement spirituel: maintenir le cap lorsque le découragement s’installe, lorsque vous pensez que vous êtes un échec, lorsque vous travaillez dur, mais il semble que personne n’écoute ni ne réagit.

Rappelez-vous: trois fois, Dieu dit à Josué d'être fort et de bon courage. Pourquoi? Parce qu'il savait que les tentations et les épreuves auxquelles Josué serait confronté risquaient de le décourager et de l'inciter à choisir la solution de facilité.

5. La Vision

Qu’est-ce que la vision? La vision n’est pas un monde de rêve «tête dans les nuages»; ce ne sont pas vos propres aspirations. La vision est…

a) Voir ce qui est possible.

b) «Voir l'invisible» comme Moïse l'a fait (Hébreux 11:27) et les patriarches, qui ont vu les promesses de loin, même s'ils ne les ont pas reçues eux-mêmes (Hébreux 11:13).

c) Fixer des objectifs et des orientations réalistes et réalisables.

d) Un sentiment d'optimisme: «Je puis tout par Christ qui me fortifie» (Phil. 4:13) - c'est-à-dire les choses que je suis capable de faire et que je vais faire, je le fais avec la force que Christ pourvoit.

B. Des Traits De Personalite

Par traits de personnalité, je désigne les caractéristiques personnelles qui influencent les personnes que vous dirigez. C'est la capacité d'inspirer les autres à suivre et à obéir. C'est ce que l'on appelle parfois le «pouvoir de la personne». Vous ne pouvez pas apprendre cela. Vous l’avez ou vous ne l’avez pas. C'est un charisme - pas artificiel ou superficiel, mais authentique et interne.

C. Des Traits De Succes

Les traits de succès sont les caractéristiques qui poussent un leader à atteindre des résultats. Ceux-ci incluent des traits comme l'autodiscipline, la persévérance, l'endurance. Poursuivre malgré le découragement car on voit le but. Encourager les membres de votre équipe à continuer. Cela vient de la volonté interne de faire une différence dans votre vie. C'est une question de motivation.

Conclusions

Ces cinq traits de caractère déterminent si un leader prendra systématiquement les bonnes décisions, influencera de manière décisive ceux qu’il dirige et le pousse à atteindre ses objectifs.

Partie III. Plan De Sermon

Pour écouter la version audio de ces sermons en anglais, cliquez sur ces liens: Link 1 - Jn. 20:19-21; Link 2 - Jn. 20:21-23; Link 3 - Jn. 20:24-31

Titre: Je viens de voir Jésus

Thème: The choc et la réalité de la résurrection

Point #3: La résurrection de Jésus transforme la peur en courage (19-23)

(Voir la version Winter 2019 de ce journal pour les points #1 et #2)

1. Le Jésus ressuscité apaise nos peurs (19-20)

a) Il atténue nos peurs par ce qu'il dit (19)

b) Il atténue nos peurs par ce qu'il fait (20)

2. Le Jésus ressuscité active notre courage (21-23)

a) Il active notre courage pour continuer son œuvre (21)

b) Il active notre courage de parler avec autorité (22-23)

Point #4: La résurrection de Jésus transforme l'incrédulité en foi (24-29)

1. L'incrédulité n'est pas convaincue par un témoignage de seconde main (24-25a)

2. L'incrédulité nécessite des preuves concrètes (25b-28)

a) La preuve concrète est ce que dit Jésus (26)

b) La preuve concrète est ce que Jésus a fait (27a)

3. La preuve concrète exige un verdict (27b-29)

a) La conviction est prouvée par une grande confession de foi (28)

b) La foi est honorée par une grande bénédiction de Jésus (29)

i) C’est bien de voir et de croire (29a)

ii) C’est encore mieux de croire avant de voir (29b)

Conclusions (30-31)

Related Topics: Pastors

Jurnalul Electronic Al Păstorilor, Rom Ed 31, Editia de primăvară 2019

Ediția de primăvară, 2019

“Întărind Biserica în Predicare biblică și conducere”

Author: Dr. Roger Pascoe, President,
The Institute for Biblical Preaching
Cambridge, Ontario, Canada
Email: [email protected]
Phone: 519-620-2375

Partea I: Consolidarea Predicării Expozitive

„Folosirea eficientă a ilustrațiilor”

A. De Ce Să Folosim Ilustrații?

1. Pentru Că Biblia Este Plină De Ilustrații

Din moment ce Dumnezeu a ales să ne comunice o mare parte din Cuvântul Său prin intermediul povestirilor, cu siguranță lucrul acesta ar trebui să îi ghideze pe predicatori în comunicarea Cuvântului. Fără îndoială, Dumnezeu a folosit povestirile pentru a comunica adevărul Său pentru că acestea sunt un instrument puternic la care ființele umane răspund și pe care îl înțeleg. A nu folosi istorisiri în predicare înseamnă a nu folosi o metodă de comunicare importantă, pe care Dumnezeu a folosit-o și a aprobat-o, precum și a nu reuși să comunici adevărul în moduri relevante și iluminatoare.

2. Pentru Că Ilustrațiile Merg Mână-N Mână Cu „Explicarea” Și „Aplicarea”

Ilustrațiile ne ajută să explicăm și să aplicăm adevărul în moduri relevante, clare și ușor de înțeles. Așadar, când predici adevărul în aplicațiile sale la situații din viața reală, trebuie să fii în stare și să îl ilustrezi!

Unii predicatori cred că trebuie să lase aplicarea Cuvântului doar în seama Duhului Sfânt, pentru ca El să îl clarifice și să îl facă relevant pentru viața ascultătorilor. Este adevărat că numai Duhul Sfânt poate face Cuvântul atât de clar și de convingător încât viața unui om să poată fi schimbată, dar în același timp, nu trebuie să uităm că Duhul Sfânt folosește predicarea pentru a face Cuvântul relevant și aplicabil la viață și că El ne-a dat precedentul biblic al folosirii ilustrațiilor cu scopul de face ca aplicațiile să prindă viață.

Noi nu trebuie doar să le spunem oamenilor ce să facă, ci trebuie să le dăm și exemple ca să știe cum să facă sau să le spunem cum Cuvântul a avut impact în viața altcuiva.

3. Pentru Că Ilustrațiile Ne Ajută Să Depășim Obstacolul „Și Ce?”

Ilustrațiile îl ajută pe predicator să treacă pragul atenției ascultătorilor, intrând în mintea, inima, voința și conștiința lor. Ilustrațiile adesea pot să arate ascultătorilor de ce au nevoie de predica respectivă și de ce li se aplică lor.

Ilustrațiile pot fi un instrument foarte util care ajută predicatorul să treacă dincolo de obiecțiile oamenilor de tipul „ce are asta a face cu mine?”, pentru că nu sunt amenințătoare sau ostile. Ilustrațiile nu incită obiecțiile oamenilor, deoarece sunt distante și reprezintă exemple despre altcineva.

B. Câteva Scopuri Ale Ilustrațiilor Și Tipuri De Ilustrații

1. Câteva Scopuri Ale Ilustrațiilor

a) Să clarifice adevărul

b) Să simplifice adevărul

c) Să ilustreze adevărul

d) Să concretizeze adevărul (i.e. să facă adevărul tangibil, vizibil, real)

e) Să accentueze adevărul

f) Să confere mai multă autoritate mesajului

g) Să exprime adevărul într-un alt mod

2. Câteva Tipuri De Ilustrații Și Surse De Ilustrații

a) Povestirile biblice, relatările și proverbele sunt adesea cele mai bune ilustrații. Atenție însă: Folosește cu multă atenție povestirile biblice ca ilustrații! Povestirile biblice au fost spuse pentru a demonstra ceva, și nu pentru a fi o sursă de ilustrații pentru alți predicatori. Poți folosi istorisiri biblice pentru a ilustra o idee, însă, în general, este mai bine să citezi din Biblie pentru a apela la autoritatea și învățătura sa mai degrabă decât pentru a ilustra o idee (deși nu aș vrea să fiu dogmatic în sensul acesta).

b) Istoria Bisericii, biografii, mărturii.

c) Istoria seculară, literatura, diverse informații.

d) Alegorii, parabole, fabule, povestiri.

e) Anecdote, citate, statistici.

f) Experiența personală, mărturii contemporane. Cele mai bune ilustrații sunt adesea „crâmpeiele de viață” - o experiență, fie a ta, fie a altcuiva. Experiențele personale sunt eficiente ca ilustrații pentru că…

  • oricine se poate identifica cu ele
  • sunt „reale”
  • sunt relevante și contemporane
  • nu au nevoie de interpretare pentru a fi aplicate la viața oamenilor

Când folosești lustrații bazate pe „crâmpeie de viață”, trebuie să fii atent la …

  • durerile, dorințele, nevoile, relațiile, ocupațiile, greutățile oamenilor
  • știri contemporane care se adresează inimilor și conștiințelor oamenilor
  • ce spun, gândesc și fac oamenii
  • cum vorbesc, gândesc, acționează și reacționează oamenii
  • cum reacționezi tu, cum gândești, cum vorbești și cum acționezi (pentru ca să te identifici cu alții în tine însuți). Fără să vorbești mereu despre tine însuți, în general, ceea ce ți se întâmplă ție și felul în care acționezi sunt lucruri reprezentative pentru majoritatea oamenilor.

g) Mijloacele literare, cum ar fi figurile de stil (comparații, metafore, contraste), descrieri, jocuri de cuvinte.

h) Lecții practice, cum ar fi mijloace vizuale și prezentări.

i) Știri contemporane, slogane, declarații, evenimente. Aceste surse de ilustrații le găsești citind ziare și reviste, ori ascultând la radio sau la televizor – mass-media știe cel mai bine ce își doresc oamenii, ce îi doare și cum trăiesc.

j) Observații generale despre viață, experiențe.

k) Exemple din natură – de exemplu, omida care se transformă în fluture poate fi o ilustrație a transformării creștinului.

C. Inserarea Ilustrațiilor

1. Unde Să Inserezi Ilustrațiile În Cursul Predicii

Hotărăște locul în care ar trebui să inserezi o ilustrație astfel încât să obții cel mai bun efect și / sau locul în care este cea mai mare nevoie de ea. Nu e nevoie să folosești o ilustrație la fiecare punct al predicii.

Inserarea strategică a ilustrațiilor are mult mai mult impact decât numărul ilustrațiilor.

Totuși, există câteva locuri clare unde ai nevoie de o ilustrație:

a) Introducerea. O ilustrație bine aleasă atrage atenția, sporește interesul, introduce subiectul și identifică nevoia.

b) Punctele principale. Nu simt nevoia să folosesc o ilustrație la fiecare punct principal. De fapt, poate că lucrul acesta nu este nici măcar posibil, oportun sau necesar. Însă, undeva, pe parcursul predicii, trebuie să ilustrezi subiectul pe care îl abordezi, dacă nu pentru alt motiv, măcar pentru a oferi o pauză de la învățătura predicii, adică, pentru a oferi o ușurare minții ascultătorilor.

c) Încheierea. Dacă găsești o ilustrație potrivită pentru încheiere, aceasta o va face mai puternică și mai memorabilă. Repet, poate că nu întotdeauna va fi posibil lucrul acesta sau poate că nu va fi necesar ori oportun.

Iată câteva întrebări care te vor ajuta să te gândești la locul, numărul și tipul ilustrațiilor folosite [Aceste întrebări sunt preluate din Ramesh Richard, Pregătirea predicilor expozitive]:

a) Este necesară o ilustrație pentru a clarifica sau a explica o idee ori o secțiune a predicii?

b) Ilustrația ar răspunde la întrebările implicite ale ascultătorilor: „cum, de ce, când”?

c) Ilustrația ar face argumentul mai credibil, mai ușor de crezut și de acceptat?

d) Ce fel de ilustrație ar prezenta ascultătorilor posibilele implicații și aplicații ale subiectului?

2. Cum Să Le Inserezi În Predică

Ilustrația are mai multă coerență și mai mult impact atunci când respecți următoarea ordine:

a) Prezintă punctul principal.

b) Fă trecerea către ilustrație. Este util să faci o trecere lină către ilustrație folosind o afirmație de tranziție – cum ar fi: „Am descoperit recent realitatea acestor lucruri când…” sau ceva asemănător.

c) Ilustrează ideea.

d) Poți să faci și tranziția către ascultători aplicând ilustrația sau îndemnându-i să răspundă la mesajul acesteia, deși lucrul acesta nu este necesar.

e) Repetă punctul principal sau du-l mai departe sau fă trecerea către punctul următor!

D. Douăzeci De Lucruri Pe Care Să Le Faci Sau Să Nu Le Faci Cu Privire La Ilustrații

1. Nu folosi același tip de ilustrații tot timpul

De exemplu, nu folosi ilustrații numai din sport, care prezintă interes de obicei pentru bărbați și numai pentru unii bărbați.

2. Nu-i folosi pe membrii familiei tale ca subiect al ilustrațiilor

Ca regulă generală, nu îți include familia în predică! Familia ta este deja suficient de expusă. Deși în general membrii familiei își vor da acordul să folosești în predică o ilustrație personală, totuși adesea ei nu se gândesc la consecințele sau implicațiile acestui fapt, așa că, mai bine nu vorbi despre ei!

3. Nu folosi ilustrații cu referire la membrii bisericii, decât dacă o faci pentru a le adresa un compliment și, chiar și atunci, doar cu permisiunea lor!

4. Nu folosi niciodată o informație confidențială, chiar dacă este prezentată într-un limbaj impersonal. Persoana în cauză se va identifica în povestirea ta, iar tu îți vei pierde credibilitatea în fața sa.

5. Menționează pe scurt sursa folosită

Îți pierzi impactul dacă citarea sursei distrage atenția ascultătorilor de la ilustrație sau dacă devine plictisitoare. În general, în notițele de predică îmi notez exact sursa citată, în detaliu, însă atunci când predic nu menționez decât numele autorului sau numele resursei folosite (de exemplu, numele ziarului).

Dacă nu cunoști sursa (sau nu vrei să o menționezi), spune doar: „Cineva a spus” sau „Am citit undeva”, pentru ca să recunoști că ilustrația respectivă nu îți aparține și să nu pară că vrei să ți-o însușești.

În cazul ilustrațiilor care fac parte din domeniul public, în general nu trebuie menționată sursa.

6. Nu folosi de două ori aceeași ilustrație în fața acelorași ascultători

Dacă repeți ilustrațiile, îți asumi riscul de a-ți plictisi ascultătorii.

7. Nu folosi o ilustrație care domină punctul principal, ci una care îl ilustrează

Ai grijă ca fiecare ilustrație folosită să servească adevărului, și nu să îl domine! Explicarea și aplicarea adevărului sunt principalul scop al predicării – pentru că pe acestea Duhul Sfânt poate să le folosească pentru a schimba viețile oamenilor. Noi suntem în primul rând predicatori, nu povestitori.

Tu vrei ca oamenii să țină minte adevărul cu ajutorul ilustrației! Cu siguranță vor ține minte ilustrația, însă ai grijă să își amintească și ce ilustrează aceasta!

8. Nu distorsiona o ilustrație făcând-o să se potrivească, doar pentru că este o ilustrație bună

Ilustrațiile bune sunt puternice și predicatorii au tendința să își dorească să le folosească, ceea ce duce la tendința de a le folosi incorect și inadecvat. Este una să ajustezi o ilustrație generală (de pildă, „povestea băiețelului care…”) pentru a se potrivi contextului tău, dar este cu totul altceva să distorsionezi o ilustrație ca să se potrivească în predica ta.

9. Învață să comunici bine ilustrațiile

Aceasta este o artă care se învață. Urmărește reacția ascultătorilor tăi pentru a-ți da seama de efectul ilustrației!

10. Inserează ilustrațiile în locuri strategice pentru un impact maxim

Cele mai strategice locuri pentru ilustrații sunt la începutul și la sfârșitul predicii – la început, pentru a capta atenția ascultătorilor, iar la final, pentru a fixa bine ideea predicii și pentru a-i ajuta să țină minte ce ai spus.

11. Ilustrațiile trebuie să fie scurte

Ilustrațiile lungi au tendința de a pierde concentrarea pe ceea ce vrei să ilustrezi. Ilustrațiile lungi trebuie să îți iasă din prima încercare (pentru că nu primești o a doua șansă – odată ce ai început-o, trebuie să o duci la capăt) și să obții impactul dorit, pentru că altfel pierzi atenția ascultătorilor, te pui într-o lumină proastă și pierzi timp prețios.

Pe de altă parte, dacă o ilustrație scurtă nu are impactul dorit, poți merge mai departe fără să te simți jenat și fără o pierdere de timp considerabilă. De asemenea, ilustrațiile scurte sunt mai ușor de ținut minte și mai ușor de prezentat fără să apelezi la notițe. Ilustrațiile pe care le spui fără ajutorul notițelor au cel mai mare impact.

12. Ai grijă ca ilustrațiile tale să conțină detalii corecte, precum și informații corecte cu privire la sursa lor

Dacă nu prezinți informații corecte, îți pierzi credibilitatea. Datele istorice trebuie să fie corecte. Citatele literare (ex. poezii) trebuie să fie corecte. Datele statistice trebuie, de asemenea, să fie corecte.

13. Ai grijă ca ilustrațiile folosite să fie potrivite pentru ascultătorii tăi

Ține cont de specificul cultural, cum ar fi figurile de stil, practicile sociale, relevanța istorică, umorul etc. Acest lucru este foarte important mai ales atunci când ascultătorii tăi fac parte dintr-o cultură diferită de a ta (de exemplu, când călătorești în alte țări).

Ilustrațiile generale au de-a face cu experiențele vieții, cu natura, istoria și altele asemenea.

14. Nu folosi prea multe ilustrații

Dacă îți încarci predica cu multe ilustrații, ascultătorii tăi se vor plictisi de ele și vor trage concluzia că nu te-ai pregătit prea bine. Cel mult o ilustrație pentru fiecare punct principal este, în general, suficient.

15. Nu folosi ilustrații ce nu sunt credibile

Testează fiecare ilustrație: „Este posibil…credibil…logic…realist?” Dacă nu, nu folosi ilustrația respectivă (chiar dacă este adevărată), pentru că altfel îți vei distruge credibilitatea.

16. Ai mare grijă la folosire umorului

Umorul trebuie folosit doar dacă vine în mod natural; cu alte cuvinte, nu folosi glume! Dacă o ilustrație sau o experiență este amuzantă și se potrivește cu subiectul tău biblic, atunci folosește-o! Aceasta nu este o glumă; gluma este un scenariu inventat! Ține minte: incidentele amuzante care ascultătorilor tăi nu li se par amuzante nu fac decât să diminueze eficiența mesajului tău, așa că, fii atent! Nu folosi umor care poate fi considerat nepotrivit sau de prost gust (de pildă, orice ar putea fi considerat drept rasism).

17. Nu vorbi mereu despre tine

De obicei, oamenii își iubesc pastorul, însă orice lucru are limite. Oamenii vor să audă și altceva, nu doar ce s-a întâmplat în viața ta (când erai mic, când ai crescut, incidente din biserica în care ai fost mai înainte etc.). Eu recomand să te ferești să faci referiri la biserica pe care ai păstorit-o mai înainte. Dacă vorbești despre ea, oamenii pot trage concluzia, pe bună dreptate, că vei vorbi și despre ei altor oameni. Acest lucru nu este profesionist, nici necesar și nici potrivit.

18. Nu fi prea expresiv

Noi ne aflăm acolo pentru a atrage atenția asupra lui Dumnezeu și a adevărului Său, și nu asupra ilustrațiilor noastre elocvente. În general, limbajul prea colorat sau ilustrațiile prea elocvente îi decuplează pe oameni de la mesaj.

19. Nu folosi ilustrații învechite

Povestirile pe care le spune orice predicator sunt interzise. Fii original! Asta presupune muncă și cercetare, dar se merită!

20. Ai grijă ca ilustrațiile tale să ilustreze subiectul

Uneori, după ce asculți o ilustrație, te întrebi: „Ce are aceasta de-a face cu subiectul?” Ca și umorul, ilustrațiile trebuie să fie clare în ce privește înțelesul lor, modul în care ilustrează subiectul tău, precum și felul în care se leagă de ceea ce încerci să arăți. Nu ar trebui să fii nevoit să explici o ilustrație, pentru că, în cazul acesta, ca și umorul, își pierde eficiența.

Partea A II-A. Conducere Transformatoare

„Profilul unui lider creștin”

Cum este un lider creștin? Cum este el ca persoană, caracter, abilități, atitudini, stil de viață, spiritualitate etc.? În mod cert, punctul de plecare îl constituie calificările spirituale ale liderului bisericii, așa cum sunt prezentate în 1 Timotei 3:1-7 și Tit 1:5-9. Însă, după părerea mea, acesta este doar punctul de plecare. Aceasta nu este, sub nicio formă, o listă exhaustivă, pe care, dacă un om o îndeplinește, se califică automat să fie lider al bisericii. Nu cred că Pavel a intenționat să ne ofere o listă pe care să o folosim fără alte standarde sau cerințe. Lista aceasta nu spune nimic despre anumite trăsături de caracter, cum ar fi smerenia, curajul sau înțelepciunea, însă cu siguranță și acestea sunt aspecte importante ale profilului liderului bisericii. Și nu spune nimic nici despre darul conducerii (Rom. 12:8), însă cu siguranță un prezbiter trebuie să aibă acest dar.

Așadar, ce alte aspecte privitoare la caracter, personalitate și abilități credeți că ar trebui să aibă un lider al bisericii? Eu cred că, în afară de criteriile lui Pavel din 1 Timotei 3, Scriptura conține anumite trăsături de caracter și de personalitate inalienabile, pe care liderii bisericilor trebuie să le aibă. Cred că le vom înțelege mai bine dacă le vom împărți în trei categorii:

A. Acele trăsături de caracter intangibile care îi ajută să ia mereu decizii bune.

B. Acele trăsături de personalitate care au un impact asupra celor ce îi conduc, inspirându-i să îi urmeze și să îi asculte.

C. Acele trăsături „de succes”, care îl ajută pe lider să obțină rezultate bune, cum ar fi auto-disciplina, perseverența, rezistența.

A. Trăsături De Caracter

Aceste trăsături îi ajută pe lideri să ia mereu decizii bune. Primele cinci de pe lista mea sunt următoarele: înțelepciunea, integritatea, smerenia, curajul și viziunea.

1. Înțelepciunea

Înțelepciunea este prima pe lista mea. Aceasta este trăsătura-umbrelă, care le include pe toate celelalte. Întrebarea este: „Ce este înțelepciunea?” Iată formula mea: Înțelepciune = cunoaștere + experiență + maturitate.

a) Cunoaștere. Cunoașterea se referă la cunoașterea faptelor, adevărurilor, principiilor etc. Cunoașterea este legată de învățare. Cunoașterea specială vine din ariile noastre specifice de expertiză și învățare, fie academică sau prin calificarea la locul de muncă.

b) Experiență. Nu poți fi înțelept fără experiență. În definitiv, înțelepciunea este dobândită și învățată prin experiența de viață. Școala greutăților vieții te înțelepțește.

Deși experiența implică și ideea de „vârstă”, unii o dobândesc mai repede decât alții datorită expunerii lor la experiențele vieții și deschiderii lor de a învăța din ele, fie acasă, la școală, la locul de muncă sau în societate.

Poate că am putea spune că experiența se află acolo unde punem cunoștința la treabă, ca în ucenicie. În definitiv, nu este întreaga viață, într-o anumită măsură, o ucenicie?

c) Maturitate. Apostolul Pavel a scris: Totuşi ceea ce propovăduim noi printre cei desăvârşiţi este o înţelepciune” (1 Cor. 2:6). Ce este maturitatea? Maturitatea este ceva greu de definit, însă o recunoști când o vezi. Sau, altfel spus, știi ce este maturitatea atunci când o vezi.

Maturitate înseamnă să te porți ca un adult, nu ca un copil; de pildă, să nu faci crize de furie atunci când nu poți să faci ce vrei tu sau când lucrurile nu merg bine. Maturitate înseamnă să îți controlezi emoțiile.

Maturitatea fizică este ușor de recunoscut și apare fără vreun efort din partea noastră. Pur și simplu, ajungem într-o etapă în care nu mai creștem, nu ne mai ies dinți și arătăm ca un adult.

Maturitatea emoțională și psihică nu apare în același moment la toți oamenii. Sunt oameni mai în vârstă care nu se maturizează niciodată și sunt tot imaturi în comportament, reacții, atitudini și vorbire chiar și la 60 sau 70 de ani, pe când alții mai tineri pot fi mult mai maturi în domeniile respective.

Maturitatea implică autocontrol, alegeri, felul în care ne exprimăm emoțiile. Este o conștientizare a propriei persoane (cine suntem) și a felului în care relaționăm cu ceilalți.

Maturitatea implică suferirea durerii pe termen scurt pentru un câștig pe termen lung. Oamenii imaturi nu văd așa lucrurile, ci ei își doresc împlinirea imediată a propriilor dorințe.

Maturitate înseamnă să te ții de cuvânt. Consecvență. Încredere.

Din păcate, mulți lideri bisericești din zilele noastre par să ducă lipsă de înțelepciune. Însă exact acesta este lucrul de care bisericile noastre au nevoie disperată. Să observăm următoarele:

  • Solomon nu i-a cerut lui Dumnezeu bogății, ci înțelepciune (1 Împărați 3:9).
  • Isus creştea şi Se întărea; era plin de înţelepciune” (Luca 2:40) ... și creştea în înţelepciune, în statură” (2:52).
  • Conducătorii bisericii din Fapte 6 erau şapte bărbaţi, vorbiţi de bine, plini de Duhul Sfânt şi înţelepciune” (Fapte 6:3).
  • Apostolul Pavel se roagă să vă umpleţi de cunoştinţa voii Lui, în orice fel de înţelepciune şi pricepere duhovnicească” (Col. 1:9).
  • Vorbind despre Hristos, Pavel spune: „… în care sunt ascunse toate comorile înţelepciunii şi ale ştiinţei” (Col. 2:3).
  • Credincioșii sunt îndemnați astfel: Purtaţi-vă cu înţelepciune faţă de cei de afară; răscumpăraţi vremea” (Col. 4:5).

Oamenii înțelepți de obicei se consultă cu alții, se auto-evaluează și meditează. Oamenii înțelepți acceptă dialogul provocator care le stimulează gândirea și opiniile. Oamenii înțelepți nu vor să aibă lingușitori în jurul lor, ci oameni cu inițiativă și cu gândire liberă.

2. Integritate

Ce este integritatea? Integritatea este definită uneori ca aderența la principii morale și etice. Integritatea se vede în…

a) Imparțialitate. Aceasta înseamnă să nu iei niciodată decizii care să placă oamenilor, ci care să placă lui Dumnezeu (Efes. 6:6-7; Col. 3:22-23). Să faci ce este corect, indiferent de cost. Aceasta înseamnă să nu fii prins niciodată într-un conflict de interese. De asemenea, mai înseamnă să nu favorizezi niciodată pe cineva în defavoarea altcuiva, indiferent de cine ar fi vorba. Și mai poate însemna să refuzi intenția bună a cuiva pentru a nu te îndatora față de persoana respectivă.

b) Transparență. Sinceritate. Fără agende ascunse, indiferent de consecințe. Aceasta nu înseamnă neapărat că trebuie să spui tot ce știi (înțelepciunea și confidențialitatea pot dicta altceva), însă înseamnă să nu te ascunzi în spatele unei măști, ci să arăți cine ești cu adevărat.

c) Dreptate. Corectitudine în tot ceea ce faci.

d) Sinceritate. Să nu fii fals. Să nu ai motivații ascunse. Să nu fii ipocrit. Fără prefăcătorii.

e) Onestitate. Sinceritate, franchețe. Fără înșelăciune și viclenie.

f) Credibilitate. Să te porți în așa fel încât oamenii să te creadă și să aibă încredere în tine.

g) Puritate morală. Aceasta face parte din integritatea personală. „Fii cu luare aminte asupra ta însuți” (1 Tim. 4:16). De ce? Pentru că nu poți să îi conduci pe alții la credință, sau să îi înveți adevărul pe oameni, sau să îi conduci pe oamenii lui Dumnezeu în închinare, sau să mijlocești pentru alții, decât dacă trăiești în integritate și puritate morală.

Un lider creștin trebuie să fie integru. Viața ta întreagă trebuie să fie unitară – fără goluri, fără inconsistențe; un tot unitar.

3. Smerenie

Ce este smerenia? Smerenia este …

a) Blândețe. Blândețe înseamnă să nu aibă despre sine o părere mai înaltă decât se cuvine” (Rom. 12:3) – adică să fii arogant. Blândețe înseamnă să privească pe altul mai presus de el însuşi” (Fil. 2:3). Blândețea este atitudinea care spune: Trebuie ca El să crească, iar eu să mă micşorez (Ioan 3:30). Blândețea este atitudinea care spune: Căci eu sunt cel mai neînsemnat dintre apostoli; nu sunt vrednic să port numele de apostol (1 Cor. 15:9; cf. Efes. 3:8; 1 Tim. 1:15).

b) Failibilitate. Failibilitate înseamnă să știi și să admiți că nu știi totul. Poți să faci și chiar faci greșeli. Nu știi răspunsurile la toate întrebările.

c) Blândețe. Să nu îi intimidezi pe alții ca să poți face ce vrei tu.

d) Slujire. Să nu fii o vedetă care așteaptă adulația celorlalți, ci să îi slujești pe ceilalți.

e) Auto-cunoaștere. Disponibilitatea de a-ți recunoaște atât punctele slabe, cât și punctele tari.

Smerenia este opusul mândriei. În lucrare, este ușor să devii mândru, mai ales dacă există semne exterioare de succes în termeni lumești (de exemplu, creșterea numărului de participanți la biserică sau o nouă clădire). Predicarea, în general, poate duce la mândrie. Dacă oamenii îți apreciază predicarea, asta ți se poate urca la cap.

În clipa în care începem să credem că avem vreun merit, deja avem probleme. Nu uitați: „Dumnezeu stă împotriva celor mândri, dar dă har celor smeriţi (Iacov 4:6; 1 Pet. 5:5). Smeriţi-vă dar sub mâna tare a lui Dumnezeu, pentru ca, la vremea Lui, El să vă înalţe” (1 Petru 5:6). La vremea potrivită, El te va înălța – nu trebuie să o faci tu însuți.

4. Curaj

Ce este curajul? Curajul nu înseamnă tupeu, nici obrăznicie, nici franchețe. Mai degrabă, să ai curaj înseamnă să faci ceea ce este drept, indiferent de părerile celorlalți și în ciuda împotrivirilor, a consecințelor, a criticii, a eșecului sau a descurajării. Să ai curaj înseamnă să știi sigur care este mersul corect al lucrurilor și să îl duci la îndeplinire. Curaj înseamnă să susții adevărul. Curajul este încrederea că, prin ajutorul lui Dumnezeu, vei reuși.

Nu uita: Dumnezeu nu ne-a dat un duh de frică…” (2 Tim. 1:7). Martin Luther, pe drum către Worms, unde urma să fie interogat cu privire la învățăturile sale, a spus: „Vă puteți aștepta la orice din partea mea, în afară de frică și retractare. Nu voi fugi, și cu atât mai puțin nu voi retracta ce am spus.” Aceasta înseamnă să ai curaj.

Conducerea creștină nu este ușoară și presupune curaj.

Este nevoie de curaj pentru a lua decizii grele – pentru a face ceea ce este drept indiferent de consecințe.

Luarea unor decizii clare și bune, în dependență de Dumnezeu, este semnul unui lider spiritual bun, ca…

  • Avraam în timpul crizei din Sodoma și al salvării lui Lot (Gen. 14:14 și urm.)
  • Moise când a decis să renunțe la puterea și plăcerile din Egipt (Evr. 11:23-28)
  • Pavel în timpul furtunii (Fapte 27).

De fiecare dată când te vei afla la răscruce de drumuri în ce privește luarea deciziilor, vei fi un exemplu fie de curaj, fie de lașitate. David și Daniel au fost oameni curajoși. Iona și Ghedeon au fost niște lași.

Este nevoie de curaj pentru a rezolva situații dificile – pentru a face față obstacolelor, atacurilor, împotrivirilor și criticilor la persoană (din partea oamenilor; din partea lui Satan etc.). Este nevoie de curaj pentru a predica după ce ai fost criticat dur în timpul săptămânii (cf. Ier. 1:17-19). Critica este unul din cei mai răi dușmani care te va roade pe dinăuntru. Critica îți amplifică nesiguranța, îți îndepărtează privirea de la ceea ce ai de făcut și o mută pe tine, îți secătuiește energia și entuziasmul, te face să intri în defensivă și te izolează.

De aceea, critica negativă, distructivă (judecarea), eu cred că este un instrument al lui Satan. Cred în conceptele biblice de mustrare, îndemnare și confruntare (2 Tim. 4:2), însă critica distructivă nu își are locul printre oamenii lui Dumnezeu. De obicei, critica este negativă, distructivă – și este despre ceea ce nu vor oamenii sau nu le place, nu despre ceea ce Îl onorează pe Dumnezeu sau este benefic poporului Său. Critica îți poate distorsiona imaginea lucrării, precum și a oamenilor pe care îi slujești.

Este nevoie de curaj pentru a persevera în vremuri de descurajare spirituală – pentru a nu te da bătut atunci când apare descurajarea, atunci când crezi că ai eșuat, atunci când muncești din greu, însă pare că nimeni nu ascultă sau nu răspunde.

Ține minte: De trei ori i-a spus Dumnezeu lui Iosua să se întărească și să se îmbărbăteze. De ce? Pentru că El știa că ispitele și încercările pe care Iosua le va întâmpina l-ar putea descuraja și că atunci el ar putea fi tentat să aleagă calea ușoară.

5. Viziune

Ce este viziunea? Viziunea nu este o lume a viselor „cu capul în nori”; și nici propriile tale aspirații. Viziunea înseamnă …

a) Să vezi ceea ce este posibil.

b) „Să vezi ceea ce este invizibil”, ca Moise (Evr. 11:27) și patriarhii, care au văzut lucrurile făgăduite de departe, deși nu le-au primit ei înșiși (Evr. 11:13).

c) Să îți stabilești o direcție și obiective realiste și realizabile.

d) Optimism: „Pot totul în Hristos care mă întărește” (Fil. 4:13) – adică lucrurile pe care pot să le fac și le voi face, le fac prin puterea pe care mi-o dă Hristos.

B. Trăsături De Personalitate

Prin trăsături de personalitate mă refer la acele caracteristici personale care îi influențează pe oamenii pe care îi conduci. Aceasta este capacitatea de a-i inspira pe alții să te urmeze și să te asculte. Aceasta mai este numită uneori „personalitate puternică” și este ceva ce nu se poate învăța. Fie o ai, fie nu o ai. Este carismă, însă nu una artificială ori superficială, ci una internă și autentică.

C. Trăsături De Succes

Trăsăturile de succes sunt acele caracteristici care îl ajută pe lider să obțină rezultate. Acestea includ trăsături ca auto-disciplina, perseverența, rezistența. Să perseverezi în ciuda descurajării, pentru că privești la țelul tău. Să îi încurajezi pe cei din echipa ta să meargă mai departe. Și aceasta vine din impulsul tău interior de a-ți trăi viața cu folos. Este vorba despre motivație.

Concluzii

De aceste cinci trăsături de caracter depinde dacă liderul va lua decizii bune în mod constant și dacă va avea un impact puternic în viața celor pe care îi conduce; tot acestea îl vor ajuta să își atingă scopurile.

Partea A III-A. Schițe De Predici

Pentru versiunea audio a acestor predici în engleză, dați click pe link-urile următoare: Link 1 - Jn. 20:19-21; Link 2 - Jn. 20:21-23; Link 3 - Jn. 20:24-31

Titlu: Tocmai L-am văzut pe Isus

Subiectul: Șocul și realitatea învierii

Punctul #3: Învierea lui Isus transformă teama în curaj (19-23)

(Vezi Ediția de Iarnă 2019 a acestui jurnal pentru punctele #1 și #2)

1. Isus cel înviat alină temerile noastre (19-20)

a) El alină temerile noastre prin ceea ce spune (19)

b) El alină temerile noastre prin ceea ce face (20)

2. Isus cel înviat trezește curajul din noi (21-23)

a) El ne trezește curajul de a continua lucrarea Sa (21)

b) El ne trezește curajul de a vorbi cu autoritate (22-23)

Punctul #4: Învierea lui Isus transformă necredința în credință (24-29)

1. Necredința nu poate fi convinsă de o mărturie la mâna a doua (24-25a)

2. Necredința cere dovezi concrete (25b-28)

a) O dovadă concretă este ceea ce spune Isus (26)

b) O dovadă concretă este ceea ce Isus a făcut (27a)

3. Dovezile concrete cer un verdict (27b-29)

a) Credința este dovedită printr-o mare mărturisire de credință (28)

b) Credința este onorată cu o mare binecuvântare din partea lui Isus (29)

i) Este bine să vezi și să crezi (29a)

ii) Este mai bine să crezi fără să vezi (29b)

Concluzii (30-31)

Related Topics: Pastors

The Net Pastors Journal, Rus Ed 31, Весеннее издание 2019

Весеннее издание 2019

Служение Института Библейского Проповедования…

“Укреплять Церковь через библейскую проповедь и руководство”

Автор: Проф. Роджер Паскоу, Директор
Института Библейского Проповедования
Кембридж, Онтарио, Канада
Email: [email protected]
Тел.: 1-519-620-2375

Часть I: Усиливая Экспозицию В Проповеди

“Усиливая иллюстрации”

A. Зачем Иллюстрировать?

1. Потому Что В Библии Много Иллюстраций

Поскольку Бог решил донести до нас большую часть Своего Слова в историях, несомненно, это должно направлять проповедников в их передаче Слова. Бог, несомненно, использовал истории, чтобы донести свою истину, потому что они являются мощной средой, на которую люди реагируют, и которую они понимают. Не использовать истории в проповеди - значит упустить важную методологию общения, которую Бог использовал и одобрил, и не передавать истину соответствующими, просветляющими способами.

2. Потому Что Иллюстрации Идут Рука Об Руку С «Объяснением» И «Приложением»

Иллюстрации помогают нам объяснять и применять истину соответствующими, ясными и понятными способами. Таким образом, когда вы проповедуете истину в ее применении к реальным жизненным ситуациям, вы должны быть в состоянии ее проиллюстрировать!

Некоторые проповедники думают, что вы оставляете применение Слова только на Святого Духа, чтобы прояснить его и иметь отношение к жизни. Хотя это правда, что только Святой Дух может разъяснить Слово настолько ясно и убедительно, что жизнь человека изменилась, тем не менее давайте не будем забывать, что Святой Дух использует проповедь, чтобы сделать Слово актуальным и применимым к жизни, и Он дал нам библейские иллюстрации, чтобы сделать это применение актуальным и правдивым.

Мы должны не только рассказывать нашим людям, что делать, но и приводить примеры того, как это сделать, или как Слово повлияло на жизни других.

3. Потому Что Иллюстрации Помогают Понять Вопрос «Ну И Что?»

Иллюстрации позволяют проповеднику преодолеть порог внимания аудитории и проникнуть в их умы, сердца, волю и совесть. Иллюстрации часто показывают слушателю, зачем им нужна эта проповедь; почему она относится к ним.

Иллюстрации могут быть очень полезным инструментом для преодоления возражений людей «что делает то, что надо делать со мной», потому что они не угрожают, не соперничают друг с другом. Они не провоцируют возражения людей. Они на расстоянии вытянутой руки, сторонние примеры.

Б. Предназначение И Виды Иллюстраций

1. Некоторые Цели Иллюстраций

а) разъяснять истину

б) упрощать истину

в) вообразить истину

г) конкретизировать истину (то есть сделать истину осязаемой, видимой, реальной)

д) чтобы подчеркнуть истину

е) предоставить дополнительные полномочия для сообщения

ж) выражать истину по-другому

2. Некоторые Виды И Источники Иллюстраций

а) Библейские повествования, высказывания и притчи часто являются лучшими иллюстрациями.

Но слово предостережения: будьте осторожны, используя библейские истории в качестве иллюстраций. Библейские истории давались для того, чтобы подчеркнуть, а не служить источником иллюстраций для последующих проповедников. Несмотря на то, что использовались библейские истории в качестве иллюстрации вполне допустимо, в целом лучше цитировать Библию за ее авторитет и учение, а не иллюстрировать ее (хотя я бы не стал догматом в этом).

б) История церкви, биография, свидетельство.

в) Светская история, литература, информация.

г) Аллегория, притча, басня, рассказ.

д) Анекдот, цитата, статистика.

е) Личный опыт, современные свидетельства. Лучшими иллюстрациями часто являются «кусочки чьей-то жизни» - опыт, будь то ваш или чужой. Этот опыт дает хорошие иллюстрации, потому что ...

  • каждый может идентифицировать себя с ними
  • они «настоящие»
  • они актуальны и современны
  • они не нуждаются в толковании, чтобы применить их в жизни

Иллюстрации «кусочек жизни» требуют, чтобы вы были внимательны к…

  • боли людей, желаниям, нуждам, отношениям, занятиям, трудностям
  • современным новостям, которые говорят к сердцами и обращаются к совести людей
  • тому, что люди говорят, думают и делают
  • тому, как люди говорят, думают, действуют и реагируют
  • тому, как вы реагируете, думаете, говорите и действуете (чтобы вы отождествляли себя с другими внутри). Обычно не говоря о себе, что происходит с вами, и как вы действуете, представляет почти все остальные.

ж) Литературные приемы, такие как сравнения, метафоры, контрасты и сравнения, словесные картинки и игра слов.

з) Уроки с наглядными пособиями и презентациями.

и) Современные новости, лозунги, заявления, события. Вы можете найти эти источники иллюстраций, читая газеты и журналы, или слушая радио или смотря телевидение - светские вещательные СМИ знают больше, чем кто-либо другой, что люди хотят, где им больно, как они живут.

к) Жизненные наблюдения, переживания.

л) Примеры из природы - например, мотылек, превращающийся в бабочку, может быть иллюстрацией преображения христианина.

В. Место Иллюстраций

1. Где Поместить Их В Потоке Проповеди

Решите, где в своей проповеди вы получите наибольшую пользу от иллюстрации и / или где она наиболее необходима. Вам не нужны иллюстрации для каждого пункта вашей проповеди.

Стратегическое расположение иллюстраций оказывает гораздо большее влияние, чем их количество.

Однако есть несколько очевидных мест, где вам нужна иллюстрация:

а) Введение. Правильно подобранная иллюстрация привлекает внимание, вызывает интерес, знакомит с предметом и выявляет необходимость.

б) Основные моменты проповеди. Не так важна иллюстрация для каждого основного момента. На самом деле это может быть не всегда возможно, желательно или необходимо.

Но где-то в вашей проповеди вам нужно проиллюстрировать то, о чем вы говорите, если только по какой-то другой причине, сделать перерыв в преподавании проповеди, то есть для того, чтобы дать отдых умам в аудитории.

в) Заключение. Если вы найдете подходящую иллюстрацию для заключения, это сделает его более мощным и запоминающимся. Опять же, это не всегда возможно, желательно или необходимо.

Вот несколько вопросов, которые помогут вам продумать расположение, количество и тип иллюстраций [Эти вопросы получены из Рамеша Ричарда, Подготовка разъяснительных проповедей (Бейкер), 126]:

а) Нужна ли иллюстрация, чтобы прояснить или объяснить пункт или часть проповеди?

б) Будет ли иллюстрация, отвечающая на скрытые вопросы аудитории: «как, почему, когда»?

в) Может ли иллюстрация сделать точку зрения более достоверной, правдоподобной, приемлемой?

г) Какая иллюстрация представит аудитории возможные последствия и применение данного пункта?

2. Как Поместить Их В Поток Проповеди

Иллюстрация имеет большую связанность и влияние, когда вы двигаетесь в следующем порядке:

а) Обозначьте момент в проповеди

б) Перейдите к иллюстрации. Наиболее полезно сгладить вашу иллюстрацию с помощью переходного утверждения, такого как: «Я узнал это недавно, когда…» или какое-то подобное предложение.

в) Проиллюстрируйте суть.

г) Возможно, перейти к аудитории, дав применение или призывая их ответить на иллюстрацию, хотя в этом нет необходимости.

e) Вновь обозначьте этот момент или продолжите развивать проповедь дальше или перейдите к следующему пункту проповеди.

Г. Двадцать “Не” В Иллюстрации

1. Не используйте один и тот же тип иллюстрации все время

Например. виды спорта, которые в основном нравятся мужчинам и только некоторым мужчинам.

2. Не используйте свою семью в качестве иллюстрации

Как правило, оставьте свою семью вне своих проповедей. У них достаточно показных моментов уже в жизни других людей. Хотя они обычно дают вам разрешение использовать иллюстрацию, они часто не задумываются о последствиях или последствиях, поэтому оставьте их в стороне.

3. Не используйте кого-либо в своей общине, если ваши слова не созидают их и только с их разрешения.

4. Никогда не используйте ничего конфиденциального, даже если оно написано не на личном языке. Человек увидит себя в этой истории, и вы потеряете его доверие вам.

5. Всегда давайте краткую оценку вашим источникам

Вы теряете влияние, если цитирование источника отвлекает внимание от иллюстрации или становится скучным. Как правило, я записываю в своей проповеди примечания к деталям источника, но в проповеди я даю только имя автора или источник, откуда взял информацию (например, из газеты).

Если вы не знаете источник (или, если вы не хотите, чтобы он был прописан), просто скажите: «Кто-то сказал» или «Я где-то читал», так что вы отдаете должное тому, что нужно, и не не пытайтесь сделать так, чтобы это выглядело как ваше

Иллюстрации, являющиеся общественным достоянием, обычно не нуждаются в подтверждении их источника.

6. Не используйте одну и ту же иллюстрацию дважды с одной и той же аудиторией.

Вы рискуете утомить свою аудиторию, если будете повторять те же иллюстрации.

7. Не используйте иллюстрацию, которая доминирует над тем, что она иллюстрирует

Убедитесь, что каждая иллюстрация служит истине и не доминирует над ней. Объяснение и применение истины находятся в центре нашей проповеди - это то, что Святой Дух может взять и использовать для изменения жизни. Мы в первую очередь проповедники, а не рассказчики

Вы хотите, чтобы люди запомнили истину через иллюстрацию. Они наверняка будут помнить иллюстрации; просто убедитесь в том, что они запомнят эти иллюстрации.

8. Не перекручивайте иллюстрацию, чтобы она подходила только потому, что это хорошая иллюстрация

Хорошие иллюстрации являются мощными, и проповедники склонны использовать их. Это приводит к тенденции использовать их неправильно и неуместно. Одно дело настроить иллюстрацию общего характера (например, «историю маленького мальчика, который…»), чтобы соответствовать истории, но ни одна иллюстрация не должна быть искажена, чтобы соответствовать вашей проповеди.

9. Научитесь хорошо передавать иллюстрации

Это - искусство. Следите за реакцией вашей аудитории, чтобы определить ее эффект.

10. Размещайте свои иллюстрации стратегически, чтобы добиться максимальной отдачи

Самые стратегические места размещения находятся в начале и в конце - в начале, чтобы привлечь внимание; в конце чтобы помочь им вспомнить, что вы сказали.

11. Пусть ваши иллюстрации будут короткими

Длинные иллюстрации имеют тенденцию терять фокус на том, что иллюстрируется. Длинные иллюстрации должны быть правильными с первого раза (без второго шанса - как только вы в них попадаете, то вы уже там), и они окажут желаемое влияние, иначе вы потеряете свою аудиторию и будете выглядеть плохо и потеряете драгоценное время.

С другой стороны, если короткая иллюстрация не дает желаемого эффекта, вы можете двигаться дальше без какого-либо смущения или потери времени. Кроме того, короткие иллюстрации легче запомнить и легче запомнить без заметок. Иллюстрации, представленные без записей, оказывают наибольшее влияние.

12. Убедитесь, что ваши иллюстрации точны в деталях и авторстве

Если вы не точны, вы теряете доверие. Исторические данные должны быть точными. Литературные цитаты (например, стихи) должны быть точными. Статистические данные должны быть точными.

13. Убедитесь, что ваши иллюстрации подходят вашей аудитории

Принимайте во внимание культурные различия, также литературные приемы, социальные практики, историческую значимость, юмор и т. д. Это становится очень важным, когда вы общаетесь с аудиторией другой культуры, отличной от вашей (например, за рубежом).

Универсальные иллюстрации имеют отношение к жизненному опыту, природе, истории и подобным вещам.

14. Не используйте слишком много иллюстраций

Если вы загружаете свою проповедь иллюстрациями, ваша аудитория устает от них и приходит к выводу, что вы плохо подготовились. Самое большее - одна иллюстрация для каждого пункта проповеди.

15. Не используйте иллюстрации, которые не заслуживают доверия

Проверьте каждую иллюстрацию: «Это вероятно… правдоподобно… логично… реалистично?» Если нет, то не используйте ее (даже если это истина), иначе вы разрушите доверие аудитории.

16. Будьте очень осторожны с использованием юмора

Юмор следует использовать только в том случае, если он естественный - то есть не шутки! Если иллюстрация или опыт забавны и соответствуют вашей библейской теме, используйте его. Юмор отличается от шутки, которая является вымышленной. Помните, забавные случаи, которые аудитория может не найти забавными, они только умалят эффективность вашего послания, поэтому будьте осторожны. Не используйте какой-либо юмор, который может быть истолкован неверно или неуместно (например, что-либо, что может быть истолковано как расовая грязь)

17. Не обращайтесь к себе вновь и вновь

Люди обычно любят своего пастора, и этого достаточно. Они хотят услышать больше, чем просто то, что произошло в вашей жизни (когда вы были молоды, когда вы росли, происшествия в вашей предыдущей церкви и т. д.). Я бы порекомендовал вам держаться подальше от ссылок на вашу предыдущую церковь. Если вы говорите об этом, то ваша аудитория может на законных основаниях сделать вывод, что вы будете говорить о них и другим. Это не профессионально, не необходимо и не уместно.

18. Не будьте слишком наглядным

Мы здесь, чтобы привлечь внимание к Богу и его истине, а не к графическим иллюстрациям. Как правило, графический язык или иллюстрации отключают внимание людей.

19. Не используйте избитые иллюстрации

Истории, которые рассказывает каждый проповедник, - нет-нет. Будь оригинальным. Это требует работы и исследований, но это того стоит.

20. Убедитесь, что ваши иллюстрации иллюстрируют пункт проповеди или тему

Иногда вы можете послушать иллюстрацию проповедника и сказать: «Какое это имеет отношение к теме?». Как и юмор, иллюстрация должна быть интуитивно понятна относительно того, что она означает, как она иллюстрирует и связана ли с тем, что вы пытаетесь понять, делать. Вам не нужно объяснять это, или, опять же, как и юмор, это может не сработать.

Часть II. Преображающее Руководство

“Профиль христианского лидера”

Как выглядит христианский лидер? Кто он в своей личности, характере, способностях, отношениях, образе жизни, духовности и т. д.? Ясно, что отправной точкой являются духовные качества лидера церкви, изложенные в 1 Тим. 3: 1-7 и Тит. 1: 5-9. Но это только отправная точка, как мне кажется. Это ни в коем случае не исчерпывающий список, которому человек может соответствовать, то он обязательно имеет право стать церковным лидером. Я не думаю, что Павел предполагал, что это будет своего рода контрольный список, который мы используем без каких-либо других стандартов или требований. В этом списке ничего не говорится о таких чертах характера, как смирение, смелость или мудрость, но, безусловно, это также важные аспекты авторитета лидера церкви. Он также ничего не говорит о даре лидерства (Рим. 12: 8), но, несомненно, старейшина должен быть одаренным, как лидер.

Итак, какие еще черты характера и личности или способностей, по вашему мнению, должны быть у лидера церкви? Я думаю, кроме критериев Павла в 1 Тим. 3, что в Писании, заложены определенные неотъемлемые черты характера и личности, которые необходимы церковным руководителям. Я думаю, что это лучше всего понять, разделив их на три категории:

A. Те нематериальные черты характера, которые позволяют им постоянно принимать правильные решения.

Б. Те черты личности, которые влияют на тех, кем они руководят, побуждая их следовать и слушаться.

В. Те черты «успеха», которые побуждают лидера к достижению результатов, такие как самодисциплина, настойчивость, выносливость.

A. Черты Характера

Эти черты позволяют лидерам постоянно принимать правильные решения. Пять лучших в моем списке: мудрость, честность, смирение, смелость и дальновидность.

1. Мудрость

Мудрость стоит во главе моего списка. Это общая черта, под которую подпадают все остальные. Вопрос такой: «Что такое мудрость?». Вот моя формула: мудрость = знание + опыт + зрелость.

а) Знания. Знание - это наше знакомство с фактами, истинами, принципами и т. д. Знание связано с обучением. Специальные знания приходят из наших конкретных областей знаний и опыта, будь то академические или на рабочем месте.

б) Опыт. Вы не можете быть мудрыми без опыта. В конце концов, мудрость приобретается через жизненный опыт. Жизненная школа эмпирических невзгод поражает вас мудростью.

Хотя опыт означает «возраст», некоторые люди приобретают опыт быстрее, чем другие, в силу своей подверженности жизненному опыту и своей готовности учиться на этом опыте, будь то дома, в школе, на работе или в обществе.

Вы, вероятно, могли бы сказать, что опыт - это то, где мы применяем знания, как в процессе обучения. В конце концов, разве не жизнь в какой-то степени является ученичеством?

в) Зрелость. Апостол Павел писал: «Мы говорим мудрость среди зрелых» (1 Кор. 2: 6). Что такое зрелость? Зрелость - это то, что трудно определить, но вы знаете это, когда видите это. Или, другими словами, вы знаете незрелость, когда видите ее.

Зрелость ведет себя как взрослый человек, а не как ребенок, например у нее нет гнева, когда дела не идут, как хочется, или когда вообще дела идут плохо. Контролируют свои эмоции.

Физическую зрелость легко узнать. Это происходит без нашего участия. Мы просто достигаем стадии, когда перестаем расти, у нас перестают прорезаться зубы и мы выглядим, как взрослые.

Эмоциональная и психологическая зрелость происходит в разное время у разных людей. Некоторые пожилые люди никогда не достигают зрелости. В 60 или 70 лет они могут быть еще незрелыми в своем поведении, реакциях, отношениях и речи, в то время как некоторые молодые люди могут быть достаточно зрелыми в этих областях.

Зрелость связана с самоконтролем, выбором, тем, как мы выражаем эмоции. Это осознание того, кто мы есть, как мы относимся к другим.

Зрелость связана с продолжительной краткосрочной болью для достижения долгосрочной выгоды. Незрелые люди так не видят. Они хотят немедленного самоудовлетворения.

Зрелость делает ваше слово вашей связью. Согласованность. Зависимость.

К сожалению, мудрость - это та черта характера, которой сегодня так не хватает церковным лидерам. Но это то, в чем наши церкви отчаянно нуждаются в руководстве. Обратите внимание на следующее:

  • Соломон просил Бога не о богатстве, а о мудрости (3 Царств 3: 9).
  • Иисус «возрастал и укреплялся духом, исполненяясь премудрости» (Лк. 2:40) ... и «он преуспевал в премудрости и возрасте» (2:52).
  • Лидеры в Деяниях 6 были «семь человек с хорошей репутацией, исполненные Святого Духа и мудрости» (Деян. 6: 3).
  • Апостол Павел молится «… чтобы вы был исполнены познанием Его воли во всякой премудрости и духовном понимании» (Кол. 1: 9).
  • Говоря о Христе, Павел говорит: «В Нем сокрыты все сокровища премудрости и ведения” (Кол. 2: 3).
  • Мы призваны «с внешними обходиться мудро, используя любую возможность» (Кол. 4: 5).

Мудрые люди обычно консультируются с другими, оценивают себя и участвуют в размышлениях. Мудрые люди приветствуют сложный диалог, который стимулирует их мышление и мнение. Мудрые люди не хотят, чтобы вокруг них были “да”- люди, а люди, у которых есть инициатива и независимое мышление.

2. Целостность

Что такое целостность? Честность иногда определяется, как соблюдение моральных и этических принципов. Целостность проявляется в…

а) беспристрастности - Это означает никогда не принимать решения, чтобы угодить людям, но чтобы угодить Богу (Еф. 6: 6-7; Кол. 3: 22-23). Делать то, что правильно, независимо от цены. Это значит никогда не попадать в конфликт интересов. Это означает никогда не отдавать предпочтение одному человеку или другому, независимо от того, кто в нем участвует. Это может означать отказ от чьих-либо добрых намерений, чтобы вы не были привязаны к этому человеку.

б) прозрачности - открытости. Нет скрытой повестки дня, независимо от последствий. Это не означает, что вы говорите все, что знаете, обязательно (мудрость и конфиденциальность могут диктовать иное), но это означает, что вы не прячетесь за занавеской, всегда остаетесь верным себе.

в) праведности Честность в своих делах.

г) искренности Не быть поддельным. Никаких скрытых мотивов. Не быть лицемерным. Не притворяться.

д) честности Истина, откровенность. Свобода от обмана или коварства.

е) достоверности Действуя таким образом, чтобы люди доверяли вам и верили вам.

ж) моральной чистоте Это - часть личной честности. «Вникайте в себя» (1 Тим. 4:16). Зачем? Потому что вы не можете вести других к вере, или учить людей истине, или вести народ Божий в поклонении, или ходатайстве за других, если ваша собственная жизнь не является честной и морально чистой.

Христианский лидер должен быть честным. Вся ваша жизнь должна быть цельной - без пробелов, без противоречий, просто являть собой единое целое.

3. Смирение

Что такое смирение? Смирение это…

а) Кротость - это «не думать о себе выше, чем должно думать» (Рим. 12: 3), то есть не высокомерно. Кротость - это «уважать других больше себя» (Фил. 2: 3). Кротость - это отношение, которое говорит: «Ему должно расти, а мне - уменьшаться» (Ин 3:30). Кротость - это позиция, которая говорит: «Я наименьший из апостолов и не заслуживаю того, чтобы называться апостолом» (1 Кор. 15: 9; ср. Еф. 3: 8; 1 Тим. 1:15).

б) Ошибка. Ошибочность - это знание и признание того, что ты не знаешь всего. Вы можете совершать ошибки и вы делаете их. У вас нет всех ответов.

в) Нежность. Не запугивать других, чтобы получить свое.

г) Слуга. Не знаменитость, ожидающая лести от других, а человек, который служит другим.

д) Самосознание. Готовность признать свои слабости, а также свои сильные стороны.

Смирение - это противоположность гордости. В служении легко возгордиться, особенно если есть внешние признаки успеха в мирском плане (например, увеличение посещаемости церкви или новое здание церкви). Проповедь, в частности, может породить гордость. Похвала вашей проповеди может вскружить вам голову.

В ту минуту, когда мы начинаем думать, что это как-то связано с нами (наша заслуга), мы попадаем в беду. Помните: «Бог противится гордым и дает благодать смиренным» (Иакова 4: 6; 1 Пет. 5: 5). «Итак, смиритесь под крепкую руку Бога, чтобы Он вознес вас в Свое время» (1 Пет. 5: 6). Когда придет время, Он возвысит вас, а не Себя.

4. Смелость

Что такое мужество? Мужество - это не смелость, не грубость, не откровенность. Скорее, мужество делает то, что правильно, независимо от мнения других, несмотря на противодействие, последствия, критику, неудачу или разочарование. У мужества есть убеждение относительно правильного курса действий и выполнения этого. Смелость стоит за правду. Смелость - это уверенность в том, что с Божьей помощью «мы сможем это сделать».

Помните: «Бог не дал нам духа страха» (2 Тим. 1: 7). Мартин Лютер, отправляясь в Вормс на допрос в связи с его учениями, сказал: «От меня можно ожидать всего, кроме страха или отречения. Я не буду бежать, а тем более отрекаться». Это - смелость.

Христианское руководство - не легкий труд. Требуется смелость..

Требуется смелость, чтобы принимать сложные решения - делать то, что правильно, независимо от последствий.

Ясно, что правильное принятие решений в зависимости от Бога является отличительной чертой хорошего духовного лидера, как…

  • Авраам во время кризиса в Содоме и спасения Лота (Быт. 14: 14.)
  • Моисей, когда решил отказаться от удовольствий и власти Египта (Евр. 11: 23-28)
  • Павел во время шторма (Деяния 27)

Каждый раз, когда вы сталкиваетесь с трудностями в принятии решений, вы будете примером смелости или трусости. Давид и Даниил были мужественными людьми. Иона и Гедеон были трусливыми людьми.

Требуется смелость, чтобы справляться с трудными ситуациями - сталкиваться с препятствиями, нападениями, личной критикой и противодействием (со стороны людей; сатаны и т. д.). Требуется смелость, чтобы проповедовать, когда вас обоснованно критиковали в течение недели (ср. Иер. 1: 17-19). Критика - один из самых злейших врагов, чтобы выматывать вас. Это усиливает вашу неуверенность в себе, отвлекает внимание от выполняемой задачи и на себя, истощает вашу энергию и энтузиазм, заставляет вас защищаться и изолирует вас.

Вот почему я считаю, что негативная, разрушительная критика (осуждение) является инструментом сатаны. Я верю в библейские концепции обличения, увещевания и противостояния (2 Тим. 4: 2), но разрушительной критике нет места среди людей Божьих. Критика, как правило, негативна, разрушительна - речь идет о том, чего люди не хотят или не любят, а не о том, что почитает Бога или приносит пользу Его народу. Критика может исказить ваши взгляды на служение и людей, которым вы служите.

Во времена духовного уныния требуется смелость, чтобы продолжать идти тем же путем, когда наступает уныние, когда вы считаете себя неудачником, когда усердно трудитесь, но, кажется, никто не слушает вас или не отвечает вам.

Помните: трижды Бог сказал Иисусу быть сильным и мужественным. Зачем? Потому что он знал, что искушения и испытания, с которыми столкнется Иисус Навин, могут быть обескураживающими для него и в которых он может испытать искушение выбрать легкий путь.

5. Видение

Что такое видение? Видение - это не мир «голова в облаках»; это не ваши собственные чаяния. Видение это ...

а) Видеть то, что это возможно.

б) «Видение невидимого», как это делал Моисей (Евр. 11:27) и патриархи, которые видели обещания издалека, хотя сами они их не получали (Евр. 11:13).

в) Постановка реалистичных и достижимых целей и направлений.

г) Чувство оптимизма: «Я могу делать все через Христа, который укрепляет меня» (Флп. 4:13) - то есть, то, что я могу, я буду делать, делать с помощью силы, которую дает мне Христос.

Б. Черты Личности

Под личностными чертами я подразумеваю те личные качества, которые влияют на людей, которых вы ведете. Это - способность вдохновлять других следовать и повиноваться. Это иногда называют «силой личности». Вы не можете этому научиться. У вас либо это есть, либо этого нет. Это харизма - не искусственная или поверхностная, а подлинная и внутренняя.

В. Черты Успеха

Черты успеха - это те характеристики, которые побуждают лидера к достижению результатов. К ним относятся такие черты, как самодисциплина, терпение, выносливость. Преодолевать трудности, несмотря на разочарование, потому что вы можете видеть цель. Поощряйте тех, кто в вашей команде, идти и не сдаваться. Это исходит из внутреннего влечения, чтобы изменить что-то в жизни. Это связано с мотивацией.

Заключение

These five character traits determine whether a leader will make consistently good decisions, impact those he leads in a powerful way, and drive him to accomplish goals.

Часть III. План Проповеди

Чтобы прослушать аудиоверсию этих проповедей на английском языке, нажмите на следующие ссылки: Link 1 - Jn. 20:19-21; Link 2 - Jn. 20:21-23; Link 3 - Jn. 20:24-31

Название: Я только что видел Иисуса

Тема: Шок и реальность воскресения

#3. Воскрешение Иисуса превращает страх в смелость (19-23)

(См. версию зимнего издания 2019 г. для пунктов № 1 и № 2)

1. Воскресший Иисус облегчает наши страхи (19-20)

а) Он смягчает наши страхи тем, что Он говорит (19)

б) Он ослабляет наши страхи тем, что Он делает (20)

2. Воскресший Иисус активизирует нашу смелость (21-23)

а) Он активизирует нашу смелость, чтобы продолжить Свою работу (21)

б) Он активизирует нашу смелость, чтобы говорить со властью (22-23)

#4: Воскресение Иисуса превращает неверие в веру (24-29)

1. Неверие не убеждено повторным свидетельством (24-25а)

2. Неверию требуется конкретное доказательство (25б-28)

а) Конкретное доказательство - это то, что говорит Иисус (26)

б) Конкретное доказательство - это то, что сделал Иисус (27а)

3. Конкретное доказательство требует вердикта (27b-29)

а) Вера подтверждается великим исповеданием веры (28)

б) Вера почитается благодаря великому благословению Иисуса (29)

1) Приятно видеть и верить (29а)

2) Лучше поверить до того, как увидеть (29б)

Выводы (30-31)

1

Related Topics: Pastors

Living What You Believe: A Study Through the Book of James

The book of James is full of practical wisdom for everyday living. Genuine faith will manifest itself in righteous acts that come out of a pure heart. This study will take a close look at how our faith is worked out in everyday life by understanding the principles of godly wisdom.

Editor's Note: Since these were originally audio recordings (and then audio recordings accompanied by a lightly edited transcript) these messages may end before a full conclusion as the author taught slightly beyond the limits of the "tape." Our apologies. We hope that the resource that is available will still be a blessing and help to you.

Related Topics: Messages, Spiritual Life, Women's Articles

16. The Window, the Rope, and the Basket: Boasting in Our Weakness (2 Cor. 11:30-12:10)

Introduction

I cannot read Luke’s account, or Paul’s, of his being lowered down the wall of Damascus without smiling to myself. Years ago, I attended a seminary alumni luncheon for graduating students being formally inducted into the alumni association. One of the professors, who has since died, gave the message based on this incident in our text of Paul being let out of a window, then lowered in a basket suspended with a rope. The speaker used a spiritualized interpretation of the text rather than a literal exegesis. As I recall, his message went something like this:

The window speaks to us of our outlook on the world. How we need to see the world as lost and dying. The basket is our support system, that which keeps us safe and which protects us from the dangers of this life. The rope … Oh, how we need men and women to ‘hold the rope,’ to stand behind us, supporting us financially and in prayer. …

In terms of the ideas taught, the message was not all that bad. But truthfully, it was not all that good either. When the speaker finished, it was the senior class president’s turn to speak. He was an exceptional fellow, who was confined to a wheel chair. He was very bright, and when he spoke, he picked up on the “window,” “rope,” and “basket” theme by saying something like:

Boy, does it feel good to have made it all the way through seminary successfully, and now to have graduated. Sometimes I really needed that ‘window’ to see a little light at the end of the tunnel. Frankly, I was ‘at the end of my rope,’ and I felt like ‘a basket case.’

Perhaps you can understand that I will never forget the “window,” the “rope,” and the “basket.” In fact, Paul could not forget these either. In our passage, the Apostle Paul gives us the “bottom line” of both his First and Second Corinthian epistles. Paul does not mention this incident in passing, but to make a very important point. Giving careful attention to the apostle to see what he makes of the “window,” the “rope,” and the “basket” will also help us see the bigger point Paul makes, with which he concludes the major argument of his Corinthian correspondence.

The Window, the Rope, and the Basket
(11:30-33)

30 If I have to boast, I will boast of what pertains to my weakness. 31 The God and Father of the Lord Jesus, He who is blessed forever, knows that I am not lying. 32 In Damascus the ethnarch under Aretas the king was guarding the city of the Damascenes in order to seize me, 33 and I was let down in a basket through a window in the wall, and so escaped his hands.

Verse 30 introduces the dominant theme running through our passage. Paul begins this passage with the words, “If I have to boast, I will boast of what pertains to my weakness.” And in verse 10 of chapter 12 Paul writes, “Therefore I am well content with weaknesses, with insults, with distresses, with persecutions, with difficulties for Christ’s sake; for when I am weak, then I am strong.” This is not to say that Paul is finished with this theme of “weakness,” for it will come up again in chapter 13 as Paul concludes this epistle.

Before Paul gives his first illustration of “boasting in weakness,” he puts himself under oath. Donald A. Carson explains the significance of this oath in these words:

The proper function of oaths is not to erect special situations in which truth-telling is important, by contrast with other situations in which truth-telling does not matter; rather, they function to enhance the credibility of the speaker before skeptical hearers. Paul’s credibility has been questioned; he takes this oath, appealing to God’s omniscience, to ensure the Corinthians will hear him out and be more inclined to believe him (for other Pauline oaths cf. 2 Cor 1:18; 11:10-11; Rom 9:1; Gal 1:20; 1 Tim 2:7).74

I am not so sure how the ordinary person might respond to such an oath as Paul has given, but I do believe an oath did have special significance to a Jew. We should remember that the opposition Paul unveils in chapter 11 is clearly Jewish (see 11:22). You may recall Matthew’s account of our Lord’s trial before the Jewish Sanhedrin:

59 Now the chief priests and the whole Council kept trying to obtain false testimony against Jesus, in order that they might put Him to death; 60 and they did not find any, even though many false witnesses came forward. But later on two came forward, 61 and said, “This man stated, ‘I am able to destroy the temple of God and to rebuild it in three days.’” 62 And the high priest stood up and said to Him, “Do You make no answer? What is it that these men are testifying against You?” 63 But Jesus kept silent. And the high priest said to Him, “I adjure You by the living God, that You tell us whether You are the Christ, the Son of God.” 64 Jesus said to him, “You have said it yourself; nevertheless I tell you, hereafter you shall see THE SON OF MAN SITTING AT THE RIGHT HAND OF POWER, and COMING ON THE CLOUDS OF HEAVEN.” 65 Then the high priest tore his robes, saying, “He has blasphemed! What further need do we have of witnesses? Behold, you have now heard the blasphemy; 66 what do you think?” They answered and said, “He is deserving of death!” (Matthew 26:59-66).

When the high priest says, “I adjure You by the living God, that You tell us …,” he is putting Jesus under oath. In so doing, he believed that Jesus could not refuse to answer, and that He could speak nothing but the truth. An oath meant something to a devout Jew. And this is why Paul employs an oath in verse 31 of 2 Corinthians 11. As I understand it, Paul’s oath applies not only to what he is saying about his escape from Damascus in the final verses of chapter 11, but in what he will say about his heavenly vision at the outset of chapter 12.

It is most interesting to compare Paul’s version of the events which occurred at Damascus with the account given to us by Luke in the Book of Acts:

19 Now for several days he was with the disciples who were at Damascus, 20 and immediately he began to proclaim Jesus in the synagogues, saying, “He is the Son of God.” 21 And all those hearing him continued to be amazed, and were saying, “Is this not he who in Jerusalem destroyed those who called on this name, and who had come here for the purpose of bringing them bound before the chief priests?” 22 But Saul kept increasing in strength and confounding the Jews who lived at Damascus by proving that this Jesus is the Christ. 23 And when many days had elapsed, the Jews plotted together to do away with him, 24 but their plot became known to Saul. And they were also watching the gates day and night so that they might put him to death; 25 but his disciples took him by night, and let him down through an opening in the wall, lowering him in a large basket (Acts 9:19b-25).

Luke makes no mention of the ethnarch, or of Aretas, the king who places him in authority over Damascus. An interesting footnote on this point is made by D. A. Carson.75 Obviously God wants us to remember this event in the light of both accounts, and not just the one.

First, let us approach these differences with the assurance that both accounts are accurate and true, and that no irreconcilable differences exist. The problem for us is that there are details not included in either account which would help us understand the event more clearly. Neither Paul nor Luke wanted us to know everything there is to know about this incident. Each has a particular point to make, and each includes those elements of the story which contribute to that point.

Luke’s emphasis is upon the Jewish opposition to Paul’s preaching that Jesus was indeed the promised “Christ” of the Old Testament. Paul speaks of this incident as an example of his weakness, so that he may be able to boast in something which is personally shameful to him but glorifying to Christ. It is one thing for Paul to have distressed his fellow-Jews. He was once one of them, their hero, hunting down “Christians” as criminals, and then putting them in prison or worse. Now Paul has become one of “them,” as the story of his “escape” from Damascus illustrates. Paul does not focus on his Jewish opponents in Damascus, but rather on his civil and political adversaries who have declared him to be a criminal, and who sees to arrest him. Paul is being hunted down as a criminal, just as he has hunted down other Christians as criminals. This “shame” is now his grounds for boasting, thanks to the gospel of Jesus Christ.

Paul, the great apostle, has to sneak out of town as a wanted man and be lowered down the wall in what some believe to be a fish basket:76

The toast of high rabbinic circles, this educated and sincere Pharisee, this man who had access to the highest officials in Jerusalem, slunk out of Damascus like a criminal, lowered like a catch of dead fish in a basket whose smelly cargo he had displaced.77

Paul’s mentioning of being lowered down the Damascus wall may have a special meaning to those who lived in antiquity:

He will boast, if he must, of his weaknesses. But if it is realised that everyone in antiquity would have known that the finest military award for valour was the corona muralis, for the man who was first up the wall in the face of the enemy, Paul’s point is devastatingly plain: he was first down.78

So why the “boasting” over this incident? I think it is for several reasons. First, it sounds a good deal like the way the Jews and Gentiles joined together to do away with Jesus. At face value, it is no honor to be branded a wanted man and have to sneak out of town, but when one’s rejection is “like” that of our Lord’s, then it is an honor:

12 Beloved, do not be surprised at the fiery ordeal among you, which comes upon you for your testing, as though some strange thing were happening to you; 13 but to the degree that you share the sufferings of Christ, keep on rejoicing; so that also at the revelation of His glory, you may rejoice with exultation. 14 If you are reviled for the name of Christ, you are blessed, because the Spirit of glory and of God rests upon you (1 Peter 4:12-14).

Second, while Paul is branded a criminal and has to flee for his life in a most humiliating way, some in Damascus were saved as a result of hearing Paul preach Christ. In his account, Luke mentions those who were “his disciples” (Acts 9:25), indicating they were the fruit of his ministry. Third, this is Paul’s first public ministry after his conversion, and it is a prototype of Paul’s ministry from that time on. The response to Paul’s early preaching in Damascus is an evidence of how things are going to be throughout his ministry. The reason for this response to his preaching is given by Paul himself in 1 Corinthians:

20 Where is the wise man? Where is the scribe? Where is the debater of this age? Has not God made foolish the wisdom of the world? 21 For since in the wisdom of God the world through its wisdom did not come to know God, God was well-pleased through the foolishness of the message preached to save those who believe. 22 For indeed Jews ask for signs, and Greeks search for wisdom; 23 but we preach Christ crucified, to Jews a stumbling block, and to Gentiles foolishness, 24 but to those who are the called, both Jews and Greeks, Christ the power of God and the wisdom of God. 25 Because the foolishness of God is wiser than men, and the weakness of God is stronger than men. … 30 But by His doing you are in Christ Jesus, who became to us wisdom from God, and righteousness and sanctification, and redemption, 31 that, just as it is written, “LET HIM WHO BOASTS, BOAST IN THE LORD” (1 Corinthians 1:20-25, 30-31).

What made Paul such a hero to his fellow-Jews that he could have been awarded a “key to the city” on his entrance into Damascus as the old Saul? And what now turned this hero into a villain, an enemy not only of the Jews, but also of the government and even the king? It is not just that he has been saved, though this is the great turning point in Paul’s life. It is that Paul began preaching Jesus as the Christ rather than blaspheming against Him. Paul’s “weakness” and “foolishness” is the “weakness” and “foolishness” of the gospel by which he was saved and which he now proclaims openly. Paul can rightly “boast” in his “weakness,” because his “weakness” is the gospel of Jesus Christ, the “power of God and the wisdom of God” (1 Corinthians 1:25).

The “window,” the “rope,” and the “basket” are all reminders to Paul of the life to which he has been called, as pointed out by Ananias at the time of his conversion (Acts 9:15-16), and then dramatically illustrated in Damascus when he first began to preach Jesus as the promised Messiah. These symbols of humiliation and weakness are reminders of our weakness and foolishness as we preach the gospel to lost souls, and they are also reminders that those who are gloriously and powerfully saved by such preaching are saved by the power of God, to His glory. We boast in our weakness because it is this very weakness that God chooses to use in saving lost sinners.

Paul’s Heavenly Vision
(12:1-6)

1 Boasting is necessary, though it is not profitable; but I will go on to visions and revelations of the Lord. 2 I know a man in Christ who fourteen years ago—whether in the body I do not know, or out of the body I do not know, God knows—such a man was caught up to the third heaven. 3 And I know how such a man—whether in the body or apart from the body I do not know, God knows—4 was caught up into Paradise, and heard inexpressible words, which a man is not permitted to speak. 5 On behalf of such a man will I boast; but on my own behalf I will not boast, except in regard to my weaknesses. 6 For if I do wish to boast I shall not be foolish, for I shall be speaking the truth; but I refrain from this, so that no one may credit me with more than he sees in me or hears from me.

Before we actually begin to consider Paul’s amazing words in this text, let us remind ourselves of several important facts. First, we should remember that Paul is accused of being unspiritual.

2 I ask that when I am present I may not be bold with the confidence with which I propose to be courageous against some, who regard us as if we walked according to the flesh (2 Corinthians 10:2).

Second, those who accuse Paul of being unspiritual are those who think themselves to be spiritual (see 1 Corinthians 4:6-10; 5:2; 8:1; 12:20-25; 14:37-38). One of the proofs of super-spirituality, claimed by false prophets and apostles, is that of having received visions and revelations:

18 Let no one keep defrauding you of your prize by delighting in self-abasement and the worship of the angels, taking his stand on visions he has seen, inflated without cause by his fleshly mind (Colossians 2:18; see also Jeremiah 23:32; Lamentations 2:14; Ezekiel 13:9, 16, 23; 22:28; Zechariah 10:2).

The way the Corinthians drove Paul to this particular topic for boasting is best explained by supposing that the false apostles not only claimed superiority in such things as rhetoric, eloquence, ability to command fees, leadership, and knowledge of the truth, they also claimed spiritual superiority. In support of their claims they could recount a continuing array of visions and revelations they were receiving. A confident ‘The Lord told me this morning …’ may not only enhance one’s reputation as a man or woman of God, but may prove wonderfully coercive. Few will stop to ask in what way the Lord said this or that (By an audible voice? By quiet, personal conviction? By tongues?), or point out that the authority status of such revelations in the New Testament is less than is commonly believed. Fewer still will pause to remember that not every supernatural power is divine. Certainly the triumphalists won’t raise questions of this sort; their first reaction will be that such questions quench the Spirit. And so the claims of spiritual prowess are paraded out, and personal authority grows with the ‘sharing’ of each vision.79

Third, Paul does have a number of visions and revelations from God during his life, but in the New Testament he is not the one who usually speaks of them. Most of Paul’s visions that we know about are recorded by Luke in the Book of Acts (see Acts 9:12; 16:9-10; 18:9-10; 22:17-21; 23:11; 27:23-24). Paul speaks of his vision of the resurrected Christ because it plays a vital part in his conversion experience and because it also qualifies him as an apostle (see Acts 1:22; 1 Corinthians 9:1). He is not inclined to speak of the details of his other visions.

With these more general observations in mind, let us move on to observations which arise from Paul’s account of his glorious vision in our text.

(1) Paul speaks of a vision he personally experienced. In verse 6, Paul says that his boasting with regard to this vision is in truth. In verse 7, Paul indicates that his “thorn in the flesh” is a result of his vision, so that he will not exalt himself. Paul speaks of his own glorious experience.

(2) Paul describes his experience in the third person (“a man”), rather than in the first person (“I”), as we would expect. Carson explains Paul’s description in this way:

The answer can only be that he is so embarrassed to have to boast at all that the closest approximation he can manage to the conduct he finds so despicable is to write of himself in the third person. And even so, he writes not of a great apostle but of a man in Christ, so that when his readers discover a few verses later that Paul is really talking about himself, they will not place him in a super-Christian class, a cut above the common herd.80

(3) Paul speaks briefly of his vision. Many books are written by those who claim to have an experience similar to that of the apostle Paul. Paul uses but a handful of sentences to describe his vision in the most abridged fashion possible.

(4) Paul speaks vaguely of his vision. In many ways, Paul’s description raises more questions than answers. At the beginning, we are not even sure Paul is talking about himself. This becomes clear a few verses later. We do not know what the occasion or setting is for Paul’s vision.81 Paul twice says that he does not know whether this experience happened in the body or out of the body. He tells us that what he heard (and, it would seem, what he saw as well) is inexpressible. I take it that he is not permitted to tell all, and that even if permitted, he would not have the words to do so since he entered into another dimension. Nothing on earth could be used to accurately compare with the things of Paradise.

(5) Paul speaks reluctantly of this glorious vision. It takes Paul fourteen years to even tell of this incident in his life, glorious as it is. People who claim such visions today cannot wait to get their accounts in print. Paul is finally forced to boast fourteen years after the event, and the context makes it clear that he does not really enjoy telling this story even now. And when Paul does boast, it is not in the vision which he sees, but in the weakness which accompanies it.

(6) Paul speaks of this one glorious vision as but an example of a number of visions he received. We see that Paul had a number of visions recorded in the Book of Acts, but I take it there were even more. In verse 1 of chapter 12, Paul says that he will “go on to visions and revelations of the Lord.” In verse 7, Paul once again speaks of “revelations,” using the plural rather than the singular. This vision to which he refers may be the greatest, but it is the greatest of several (or more) visions and revelations.

(7) Paul’s glorious experience is not about what he saw in Paradise, but about what he heard in Paradise that he cannot repeat. In light of what we see throughout Paul’s two epistles to the Corinthians, this is significant. The Corinthian “intruders” seem to constantly criticize Paul’s speech, as being decidedly inferior to their own (see 1 Corinthians 1:17; 2 Corinthians 3:12; 10:1, 10; 11:6). It seems from 1 Corinthians 12-14 that some of these “intruders” speak in tongues. I can hear them boasting about their “heavenly language.” Paul certainly tops them here. He says that what he heard in heaven was so incredible it is inexpressible (2 Corinthians 12:4). They boast in the heavenly language they speak, while Paul speaks of heavenly language too wonderful to repeat. This may have left his opponents momentarily speechless.

(8) Paul is very concerned that others not judge his spirituality and standing before God on the basis of his glorious experience in receiving this vision. Here is another example of how different Paul and his fellow-apostles are from the false apostles—the intruders, as D. A. Carson likes to call them. They cannot wait to make their public proclamations of glorious spiritual experiences. Paul can hardly be forced to speak or write about them. Why? Why does Paul not wish to tell the Corinthians about his wonderful vision? I think the reasons are clear and simple. First and foremost, telling of his experience would draw attention to himself, rather than to Christ. Paul preaches Christ crucified. He refuses to change his message or his methods so that the messenger becomes more prominent than the message, and especially the Messiah. Second, telling of his experience is impossible, since the words (and the visible images he saw) are inexpressible. Third, telling of his experience detracts attention from the gospel. Paul is concerned that people hear the gospel and be saved, not that they hear his experience and try to replicate it. Fourth, making much of his experience emphasizes the sensational aspects of the Christian experience, rather than the normal Christian life. It might lead some to conclude that spirituality and significance are linked to such spectacular experiences, when the more accurate test is suffering unjustly for the sake of the gospel, and our Lord, of whom the gospel speaks. The Corinthians are already caught up with the sensational and disinterested in the painful aspects of the Christian life. Triumphalism is all about the sensational, and maturity is all about steadfast perseverance in the midst of adversity and suffering, and stability in the face of false teaching (see Ephesians 4:10-16). Fifth, Paul’s experiences are personal and impossible to verify or test. Visions cannot be verified; only the teaching or message they are said to convey can be tested by Scripture.

… Paul is genuinely concerned lest others think too highly of him. This might simply reflect a brutal honesty: he knows his own heart well enough to realize that, apart from grace, it is capable of the most appalling abominations in God’s eyes (cf. Rom 3:10-20). But in fact it is more: it is the typical attitude displayed by this apostle, who is always concerned to insist that people should focus on the gospel and on the Savior, not the messenger. He will be a more effective witness to the message of Christ crucified if he draws little attention to himself and to his grace-empowered victories, being all the while unafraid to endure suffering, privation, and disgrace.82

(9) I believe we can safely conclude that Paul’s spiritual experience is not so much for the benefit of others, but for Paul’s personal benefit. It is not for public consumption. When Paul feels forced to tell of it, he refuses to give the kinds of details which would enhance his own standing and status in the eyes of others. Put differently, Paul does not consider his personal experience to be edifying for the church. Would that we had this same discernment. If we look at the bookshelves in Christian bookstores, a very significant percentage of the new books being written are those which describe someone’s spiritual experience. I am not suggesting all such accounts are wrong. I am suggesting that if Paul is reluctant to publicly disclose his glorious vision, we should be a little slower to tell others of our (glorious) experiences, especially in a way that suggests others may imitate or reproduce them.

(10) Finally, Paul links this sublime event of his glorious vision with the humiliating experience of his “thorn in the flesh.” This we shall see in the next verses.

Paul’s Thorn in the Flesh
(12:7-10)

7 And because of the surpassing greatness of the revelations, for this reason, to keep me from exalting myself, there was given me a thorn in the flesh, a messenger of Satan to buffet me—to keep me from exalting myself! 8 Concerning this I entreated the Lord three times that it might depart from me. 9 And He has said to me, “My grace is sufficient for you, for power is perfected in weakness.” Most gladly, therefore, I will rather boast about my weaknesses, that the power of Christ may dwell in me. 10 Therefore I am well content with weaknesses, with insults, with distresses, with persecutions, with difficulties, for Christ’s sake; for when I am weak, then I am strong.

(1) Paul’s thorn in the flesh is a direct result of his numerous glorious revelations (plural, see vs. 1). It is apparent from Paul’s words in chapter 12, verse 1 (“visions and revelations”) and in verse 7 (“revelations”), that he can “boast” about more than this one vision to which he refers in verses 2-4. This is but the tip of the iceberg. Other visions and revelations are described in Acts, but even these do not seem to be all of the visions and revelations Paul received. Do some Corinthians boast in their speaking in tongues? Paul can say that he speaks in tongues more than any of them, in fact, more than all of them (1 Corinthians 14:18). Do some Corinthians boast in the visions they claim to have had (see Colossians 2:18)? Paul seems to tell us here that he has more than any of his opponents.

(2) Paul’s thorn in the flesh is a substantial infirmity, which may not only have affected his body but also his spirit. Paul tells us that his affliction is a “thorn in the flesh,” which seems to indicate that it is a physical or bodily infirmity. Paul’s words here imply that it is hardly a mere irritation, but a nagging, persistent, painful problem which can never quite be put out of mind. It may be a malady which affects his appearance (some maladies are not pretty), perhaps causing embarrassment. It must also affect his spirit. Afflictions of the body also impact one’s attitude and outlook.

(3) Paul’s thorn in the flesh is never specifically identified. Paul is reluctant to go into detail about his glorious experiences, such as his heavenly vision briefly mentioned in verses 2-4. Paul is just as reluctant to give us great detail concerning his afflictions. He has spoken of them generally before in various categories. But when it comes to his “thorn in the flesh,” Paul never bothers to indicate exactly what it is. In this sense, Paul is unlike many Christians who wish to give us all the gory details concerning their physical infirmities. We may do this “so that others may pray more intelligently,” but Paul does not do it. Perhaps Paul’s way is better.

(4) Paul’s thorn in the flesh has a satanic source. Paul tells us that his “thorn in the flesh,” in effect, is Satan’s messenger or angel. Satan is the greatest of all hypocrites. On the one hand, Satan seeks to entice men to indulge their fleshly lusts. On the other, Satan eagerly takes advantage of every opportunity he is given to destroy our fleshly bodies (see Job 2:1-10; 1 Corinthians 5:5; 1 Timothy 1:20). Satan has a hand in Paul’s “thorn in the flesh,” and Paul knows it.

(5) Paul’s thorn in the flesh is divinely ordained and purposed. As we can see from Job 2:1-10, Satan cannot afflict men without God’s permission. While Satan is the immediate cause of Paul’s affliction, ultimately, God is in control, using not only this affliction but Satan himself to bring glory to Himself and to bring about what is good for the Apostle Paul. Some think God is able to use only good people—the ones who trust in Him, who pray, and who obey His Word—to accomplish His plans and purposes. God is sovereign; He is in total and complete control of every part of His creation. He is in control of Satan and his activities. Satan can only act within the limits God sets on him. God uses not only good men and women, but evil people and evil acts as well to accomplish His glory and man’s good (see Genesis 50:20).

(6) Paul does not desire his thorn in the flesh and fervently prays for God to remove it. Paul is no masochist who enjoys suffering for suffering’s sake. As our Lord did not delight in the prospect of His agonizing death on the cross of Calvary, and asked that “this cup” be removed from Him (Matthew 26:36-46), so Paul does not delight in his thorn in the flesh and asks that it be removed.

(7) God does not remove Paul’s thorn in the flesh in spite of Paul’s prayers to the contrary. In spite of Paul’s spirituality, in spite of Paul’s fervent petitions that his “thorn” be removed, God does not remove it. This is not because Paul lacks faith, or because of sin in his life, but because God has a higher purpose for Paul and a better solution for his thorn in the flesh.

(8) Paul’s thorn in the flesh is given by God to prevent him from becoming puffed up with pride, based upon the spiritual privileges he has been granted. Here is an amazing thing, which we should consciously note and accept: Paul is susceptible to spiritual pride. Paul recognizes that God has given him his thorn in the flesh to prevent him from becoming spiritually proud. As I read the text, if Paul had not been given this “thorn,” he would have become proud. This is the very reason it could not be taken away. This “thorn,” though painful, is better than the pride it prevents. Paul’s thorn is humbling to him, and this is precisely what Paul needs, lest he become puffed up with pride over his glorious visions.

(9) Rather than remove his thorn in the flesh, God gives Paul sufficient grace to sustain him in the midst of his affliction. The same God who gave Paul this affliction gave Paul the grace to endure it victoriously. If this was good enough for Paul, why is it not good enough for us today? Why do some saints insist upon God taking away their trials, rather than petitioning God for the grace needed to endure them? God’s revelation to Paul is, “My grace is sufficient for you” (verse 9a). That is, for Paul, a clear answer to his prayers that God remove his thorn. As far as the removing of his affliction, it is a “No,” but for meeting his need in the midst of his affliction, it is a “Yes!”

(10) Paul’s thorn in the flesh is actually the occasion for God’s power to be demonstrated. Paul’s thorn in the flesh is much more than a problem which needs fixing, if not by removal, then by the addition of grace. Paul’s affliction is not only a preventative (of spiritual pride on Paul’s part); it is a prerequisite for even greater things. Paul’s thorn in the flesh is an evidence of Paul’s weakness, and this “weakness” becomes the basis for God’s manifestation of power through Paul’s weakness. This takes us back to a very foundational principle Paul set down in his first chapter of 1 Corinthians:

26 For consider your calling, brethren, that there were not many wise according to the flesh, not many mighty, not many noble; 27 but God has chosen the foolish things of the world to shame the wise, and God has chosen the weak things of the world to shame the things which are strong, 28 and the base things of the world and the despised, God has chosen, the things that are not, that He might nullify the things that are, 29 that no man should boast before God. 30 But by His doing you are in Christ Jesus, who became to us wisdom from God, and righteousness and sanctification, and redemption, 31 that, just as it is written, “LET HIM WHO BOASTS, BOAST IN THE LORD” (1 Corinthians 1:26-31).

God purposes to bring glory to Himself, which He does through using those things which are “weak” and “foolish” in the eyes of the world. This way when God does something truly great through “weak” and “foolish” instruments, it is clear that God, not men, receives the praise and the glory. Paul’s thorn in the flesh makes him weak, and thus qualifies him to be an instrument of God’s power. His weakness does not prevent him from ministering for God; rather, it qualifies him to minister for God, in His power. This is so because “His83 power is perfected in weakness” (verse 9).

(11) Paul’s thorn in the flesh becomes the basis for Paul’s boasting. Now, Paul sees his “thorn in the flesh” in an entirely different light. At first, his “thorn” is a problem, which he prays that God will remove. Now, it is not just a preventative action but a gracious provision, opening the door for God’s added grace and power to be demonstrated through Paul’s life. Now Paul ceases to petition God to remove this thorn and praises God for giving it to him.

(12) Paul’s thorn in the flesh becomes the basis for Paul’s rejoicing, enjoying, and boasting in all of his afflictions which make him weak, thus occasioning God’s grace and power. Paul now sees the principle behind his problem. He understands that God’s grace is showered upon us, and His power is demonstrated through us when we are weak. It is not just this one, unnamed thorn in the flesh which makes Paul “weak”; it is every affliction and adversity in his life. Thus, Paul sees that every affliction, every adversity, is the occasion for a manifestation of God’s grace and power in and through us. Because of this, Paul now rejoices in every one of his weaknesses. The various categories of weakness which Paul summarizes in verse 10 are virtually the same as those he spells out more fully in 2 Corinthians 11:23-29. Every affliction, every difficulty, is an occasion for God’s grace and power in our lives. Every weakness we experience for the sake of Christ is the occasion for God’s strength to be seen in us. Far from begrudging these things, Paul now boasts in them.

Conclusion

I believe Donald A. Carson is precisely on target when he identifies the principle Corinthian problem as “triumphalism.” Triumphalism is that frame of mind which seeks to twist the gospel into the promise of heaven on earth. It seeks to rid the Christian life of suffering, trials, and groaning, when our Lord and His apostles taught that following Christ means taking up our cross to follow Him:

24 Then Jesus said to His disciples, “If anyone wishes to come after Me, let him deny himself, and take up his cross, and follow Me” (Matthew 16:24).

21 And after they had preached the gospel to that city and had made many disciples, they returned to Lystra and to Iconium and to Antioch, 22 strengthening the souls of the disciples, encouraging them to continue in the faith, and saying, “Through many tribulations we must enter the kingdom of God” (Acts 14:21-22).

3 And not only this, but we also exult in our tribulations, knowing that tribulation brings about perseverance; 4 and perseverance, proven character; and proven character, hope; 5 and hope does not disappoint, because the love of God has been poured out within our hearts through the Holy Spirit who was given to us (Romans 5:3-5).

18 For I consider that the sufferings of this present time are not worthy to be compared with the glory that is to be revealed to us. 19 For the anxious longing of the creation waits eagerly for the revealing of the sons of God. 20 For the creation was subjected to futility, not of its own will, but because of Him who subjected it, in hope 21 that the creation itself also will be set free from its slavery to corruption into the freedom of the glory of the children of God. 22 For we know that the whole creation groans and suffers the pains of childbirth together until now. 23 And not only this, but also we ourselves, having the first fruits of the Spirit, even we ourselves groan within ourselves, waiting eagerly for our adoption as sons, the redemption of our body. 24 For in hope we have been saved, but hope that is seen is not hope; for why does one also hope for what he sees? 25 But if we hope for what we do not see, with perseverance we wait eagerly for it (Romans 8:18-25).

12 Beloved, do not be surprised at the fiery ordeal among you, which comes upon you for your testing, as though some strange thing were happening to you; 13 but to the degree that you share the sufferings of Christ, keep on rejoicing; so that also at the revelation of His glory, you may rejoice with exultation. 14 If you are reviled for the name of Christ, you are blessed, because the Spirit of glory and of God rests upon you (1 Peter 4:12-14).

The triumphalists are not unlike those Jews of Jesus’ day who would not hear of a “king” who would endure the suffering of a cross:

39 And those passing by were hurling abuse at Him, wagging their heads, 40 and saying, “You who are going to destroy the temple and rebuild it in three days, save Yourself! If You are the Son of God, come down from the cross.” … 42 “He saved others; He cannot save Himself. He is the King of Israel; let Him now come down from the cross, and we shall believe in Him” (Matthew 27:39-40, 42).

The triumphalists do not want to hear of suffering and shame, borne for the sake of Christ and His gospel. They want to hear of health, wealth, and the good life. To do so, they must minimize the cross of Christ, and this Paul will not do. Paul’s words in our text are a devastating blow to triumphalism in several areas. Allow me to mention a few with some applications for each.

True Spirituality, Triumphalism, and Satan

The triumphalists are those who claim immediate and complete victory over Satan. Peter tells us that “they do not tremble when they revile angelic majesties” (2 Peter 2:10, see also verse 11). Those who are most daring in their taking on of Satan are not even true believers, it would seem (see Acts 19:13-17). I hear some preachers mock Satan, speaking of him as though he has no power at all. I hear a great deal of “spiritual warfare” talk, in which Satan is rebuked, bound, hedged about, and so on, but when I look at Paul, I see a very different response. Paul takes on Satan reluctantly, as we see in the exorcism of the fortune-teller in Philippi (Acts 16:16-18). Triumphalists take Satan on quickly and easily. They seem to seek “prayer cover” by obtaining the support of fellow-saints. It is as though they feel they must gain enough warriors to convince God to join with them in the battle against the evil one.

If some look at spiritual warfare as a great cosmic struggle with the outcome yet to be known, Paul sees it in a very different light. He views Satan as a defeated foe, ultimately, but a powerful enemy in this present age. Satan’s final doom is sealed, having been accomplished on the cross of Calvary, but he is presently seeking to oppose the people and the purposes of God. What he does not seem to know (and Paul does) is that God is actually using Satan and his opposition to the saints to further His purposes. God is not battling it out with Satan to see who will win; God has won the battle. Satan cannot touch one of God’s children without His permission, as we see in the second chapter of Job. When Satan does afflict one of the saints, it is always by divine permission, and in order to fulfill a divine purpose. Satan, the prince of pride, is used of God to produce humility in Paul. Without knowing it, Satan weakens Paul only that God might manifest His power through him. God uses Satan’s opposition, his deceit, his attacks on the flesh, to bring about His divine purposes.

The triumphalists look down upon Paul for not rebuking Satan and for not delivering himself from his physical affliction. Paul does not seek to take on Satan to be delivered from his “thorn in the flesh,” but he does petition God to remove it. And when God’s answer (“No.”) is made known to Paul, he joyfully accepts his satanic affliction as a gracious gift from God. Triumphalists want quick and easy victories over Satan. Paul accepts his satanic attack as having been given to him from God. Triumphalists only see Satan as standing against God. Paul sees God standing behind Satan, using his rebellion and opposition to bring about His plans and purposes.

Suffering

Triumphalism wants nothing to do with suffering and adversity. The triumphalists believe that Christ’s work on the cross of Calvary assures us of deliverance from such things, if we but have the faith to believe it. No wonder the triumphalists of Corinth are proud and puffed up. They seem to be prospering, popular, and effective. Conversely, Paul is looked upon with considerable disfavor by a number of people. Paul’s body is afflicted with his “thorn in the flesh.” His life is a litany of difficulties and suffering. His ministry is under fire, and his apostleship questioned. A triumphalist can hardly be comfortable with a man like Paul around. Paul’s suffering, and his teaching about suffering, is in direct opposition to the teaching and lifestyle of the triumphalists.

For the triumphalist, suffering is a flashing warning light, a sign that something is wrong. Job’s friends (as seen in the Old Testament Book of Job) are triumphalists at heart, and they conclude from Job’s afflictions that he must have done something terribly wrong, because they know God always blesses the faithful. Paul told us earlier that his suffering is voluntarily self-imposed. It is something Paul could have avoided, but did not, for the sake of the gospel. Now Paul tells us that even though his suffering has a satanic origin, it has been given to him by God for the purpose of humbling him and keeping him from becoming spiritually proud. Beyond this, Paul informs us that suffering is a God-given weakness, which becomes the occasion for God’s power and grace to be demonstrated in our lives. Suffering then is not a curse, but a blessing, if it is suffering for the sake of Christ.

This insight from Paul’s pen is monumental. It answers some crucial questions raised by suffering. Asaph, the author of Psalm 73, believes that “God is good to Israel, to those who are pure in heart” (Psalm 73:1). Consequently, he is perplexed that the wicked are prospering more than the righteous (73:2-14). How can God “bless” the wicked, while allowing the righteous to suffer? The answer is simple: It is in our adversity, in our affliction, that our weakness is apparent, and our need for grace is most obvious. God’s grace not only sustains us in our suffering, it draws us much nearer to God. We not only enter into a deeper level of intimacy with God in our suffering, we also are assured of entering eternally into God’s presence when we die:

23 Nevertheless I am continually with Thee; Thou hast taken hold of my right hand. 24 With Thy counsel Thou wilt guide me, And afterward receive me to glory. 25 Whom have I in heaven but Thee? And besides Thee, I desire nothing on earth. 26 My flesh and my heart may fail, But God is the strength of my heart and my portion forever. 27 For, behold, those who are far from Thee will perish; Thou hast destroyed all those who are unfaithful to Thee. 28 But as for me, the nearness of God is my good; I have made the Lord GOD my refuge, That I may tell of all Thy works (Psalm 73:23-28).

On various occasions, I have been asked why God sometimes does not bless His people for their righteousness, as He promised. There are a number of answers to this question, but I would like to focus on the answer Paul gives in our text. If God were to bless us in accordance with our works, the blessings would not be that great. God would be dealing with us on the principle of works. But when we are weak and needy, then God deals with us on the basis of grace. Grace deals bountifully, in accordance with God’s generosity, rather than in accordance with our merit. Grace also deals sovereignly, independently. Consequently, God bestows His grace on us in His time, and not necessarily in accordance with our preferences or desires. This is why so many of the Old Testament psalms cry out to God, asking Him how long it will be before He deals bountifully and graciously with His people (see Psalm 4:2; 6:3; 13:2; 35:17; 74:9-10; 79:5; 80:4; 89:46; 90:13; 94:3).

Triumphalists want God’s blessings now, based upon their merits and strengths. True apostles, and true servants of Christ, are willing to suffer now for the sake of Christ and wait for God to deal with them graciously in their time of need, in their weakness. The self-righteous hate grace, because it is a form of charity, something which does not flatter the one who is blessed.84 Grace gives the one blessed no grounds for boasting, other than in Christ, the Source of all blessings.

Power Versus Weakness

Triumphalists are fascinated and fixated on power. They are bent upon representing themselves as powerful, or upon following those whom they believe to be powerful. They are repulsed by any sign of human weakness. The recent book, Power Religion, focuses entirely on exposing the error of this kind of thinking, and yet we see it everywhere we turn in evangelical circles (not to mention the rest). Unbelievers and believers alike are drawn to performances of power, whether it be world-class athletes or some other manifestation of human power. Christian motivational speakers speak and write extensively about the power within us, which can be tapped by positive thinking or some other methodology. The message of human potential is all about us. I do not doubt that there is a measure of truth and perhaps some good that such talk does, but I also have no doubt that Paul denies the concept entirely when it comes to God’s grace and power working in our lives. God does not manifest His power through the humanly strong, but through the weak. It is in weakness that God’s power is perfected. Let us never forget it.

Prayer

In all too many churches and Christian circles, prayer is viewed as the way we manipulate God. All we need do is to have someone agree with us in prayer, or have enough people praying with us, or have enough faith as we pray, and God will do whatever we want. It is almost as though prayer gives us some kind of power over God. I believe Paul views prayer in a very different way. Paul prays to the Lord that his “thorn in the flesh” might be removed. He does not demand that Satan be bound or that the devil depart from him. He pleads with the Lord to remove the “thorn in the flesh” which He (God) has given to him. And when that petition is denied, Paul accepts God’s answer: His grace is indeed sufficient, and His power will be perfected in Paul’s weakness. Prayer is not the proof of Paul’s spiritual strength, but the evidence of his awareness of his great weakness. I think this is why so many of us pray so little today. Why pray when you have no need to do so? Why seek God’s strength when you feel strong in and of yourself? Prayer is an outward measure of our own sense of self-sufficiency, apart from God’s grace and power.

What Is Your Thorn in the Flesh?

I wonder if God hasn’t given every Christian some kind of “thorn in the flesh.” I have known a number of well-to-do Christians, and I have observed that many of them have physical or other infirmities which money cannot cure. I have seen a number of Christians who appear to have it made, to have life easy. But as I have gotten to know them better, I find that they have problems in their life, in their family, in their business, in their community, from which they cannot find deliverance. It may well be that the one thing you have most wanted to be rid of, God wants you to have. It may be that the thing you think has kept you from a ministry is the key to your ministry. And so, as I close this message, I urge you to consider what your “thorn in the flesh” might be, and then ask God to use it in your life to manifest His grace and power, to His glory and for your good.

Paul’s Word and Our Ego (Pride)

God always works in ways that humble men and exalt Himself. God is not in the business of glorifying men, but in bringing glory to Himself as He works through those who are weak and foolish. If we would be in harmony with God and His way of working on this earth, then we must acknowledge our weakness, our ignorance, our foolishness, and cling to Him for power, wisdom, and grace.

1 Therefore, I exhort the elders among you, as your fellow elder and witness of the sufferings of Christ, and a partaker also of the glory that is to be revealed, 2 shepherd the flock of God among you, exercising oversight not under compulsion, but voluntarily, according to the will of God; and not for sordid gain, but with eagerness; 3 nor yet as lording it over those allotted to your charge, but proving to be examples to the flock. 4 And when the Chief Shepherd appears, you will receive the unfading crown of glory. 5 You younger men, likewise, be subject to your elders; and all of you, clothe yourselves with humility toward one another, for GOD IS OPPOSED TO THE PROUD, BUT GIVES GRACE TO THE HUMBLE. 6 Humble yourselves, therefore, under the mighty hand of God, that He may exalt you at the proper time, 7 casting all your anxiety upon Him, because He cares for you. 8 Be of sober spirit, be on the alert. Your adversary, the devil, prowls about like a roaring lion, seeking someone to devour. 9 But resist him, firm in your faith, knowing that the same experiences of suffering are being accomplished by your brethren who are in the world. 10 And after you have suffered for a little while, the God of all grace, who called you to His eternal glory in Christ, will Himself perfect, confirm, strengthen and establish you. 11 To Him be dominion forever and ever. Amen (1 Peter 5:1-11; see also James 4:1-10).

One Final Thought

It occurred to me after I finished this message that what Paul teaches us on an individual level is also true on a corporate level. There is the perception, I fear, that bigger, faster-growing, or more financially prospering churches are able to do more than smaller, struggling churches. “It takes money to minister,” we are told. I do not think there is anything intrinsically wrong with bigger churches. Bigness is not wrong, nor is smallness right. But “bigness” does not automatically mean that a particular church can do, or is doing, more for God than other churches. The “power church” mentality is sometimes closely linked with the “mega-church” mentality. If it is through weakness that God’s power is perfected in the lives of individuals, why is it not also through corporate weakness that God’s power is perfected in the churches? It seems to me that this is precisely what we see in the New Testament. The churches which supposed themselves to be strong were not “setting the world on fire” for Christ. And those churches which were hanging on by the skin of their teeth were instructed to “strengthen what remained” (see Revelation 3:1-6). It is not through the triumph of the church that God’s power will be manifested, but through the weakness and dependency of the church that God’s power and grace will be demonstrated.


74 Donald A. Carson, From Triumphalism to Maturity (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1984), p. 126.

75 D. A. Carson, From Triumphalism to Maturity, fn. 4, pp. 126-127.

76 I am not sure the evidence is compelling here. It may simply be a large basket. The term Paul uses is found only in our text, and the term Luke uses is found in Matthew 15:37; 16:10; Mark 8:8, 20; Acts 9:25. In each of the four instances in the Gospels, the “basket” is that one used to gather up the fragments from the feeding of the 4,000.

77 D. A. Carson, p. 128.

78 E. A. Judge, “The Conflict of Educational Aims in NT Thought,” Journal of Christian Education 9 (1966), 45, as cited by Carson, p. 128.

79 D. A. Carson, From Triumphalism to Maturity, p. 134.

80 D. A. Carson, p. 136.

81 I have always supposed that Paul’s “near death” or “after death” experience happened when he was stoned and left for dead in Lystra (see Acts 14:19), but there is no compelling reason to reach this conclusion. Indeed, if this event happened 14 years before, it would have been before he had commenced his public ministry, before he had taken his first missionary journey. Carson writes: “Whether we reckon up the ‘fourteen years’ inclusively or not, this puts the visionary experience into the silent decade of Paul’s ministry, roughly A.D. 35-45, years about which we know almost nothing save that he spent them in Syria and Cilicia (Gal 1:21). Doubtless Paul was already discharging the responsibilities the Lord laid on him at his conversion …” D. A. Carson, pp. 136-137.

82 D. A. Carson, p. 143.

83 If you notice the marginal note in the NASB, some manuscripts add the word “My,” making very clear that which should be clear anyway, and that is that God’s grace is given to us as His power when we are weak.

84 I have taught on this matter elsewhere, particularly in the series on the Book of Jonah. Jonah was, I believe, a typical self-righteous Israelite, who not only hated Gentiles, but he hated God’s grace, supposing that God was actually obligated to bless the Israelites because of their merit or superiority to the Gentiles.

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