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Daily Bible Tools

DRAFT PAGE

Phase 1: (workign with Dave, 2-3 weeks?)

Engaging with the God of the Bible daily is critical to our lives, growth and maturity as believers. Please let us know additional ways we can serve you.

 

choose the life getting started individual
Read the Bible through in 1 Year with this exciting Daily reading plan from Dr. Ken Boa. Each day includes OT, NT, prayer and affirmation readings.
available as an RSS feed
choose the life getting started church
Journey with others with this amazing daily bible reading tool.
available as an RSS feed
choose the life study tools
Read through the Bible in 1 year with this daily Bible reading plan walking you from Genesis to Revelation
available as an RSS feed
 
 
choose the life additional resources
Dr. Herrick's Advanced Scripture Memory Plan is powerful for writing God's Word on your heart.
available as an RSS feed

 

NOTE:the RSS feed for memory Herrick will not work till after nov 11 2007 /s/ daustin

additional reading with a graphic here

 

ChYENE reading  NTPSR reading 6. 7.  
CHYENE RSS Feed NTPSR RSS Feed . .  

 

 

 

Phase 2: (concept) - probably will want to do this as a non featured SuperCategory rather than a page, but here's the gist:

Engaging with the God of the Bible daily is critical to our lives, growth and maturity as believers. Please let us know additional ways we can serve you.

Devotionals:

1. earsight, 2. ken boa emails (list sign up from us, fulfilment from them)

Verse of the Day:

1. 101 best verses,(brian is working on these  2. earsight

Daily Reading Tools:

above (less scripture memory) plus lectionary reading options and possibly boa's master 10 options

chris what does this mean ?? da

Scripture Memory Tools:

1. Herrick's, 2. Boa's

Suggested Methods of Participating in Ministry

Their are several ways you can donate your Time, Talent, and/or Assets to build eternal rewards and to further the work of BSF ministry around the world.

Current asset gifts

Current asset gifts, besides cash, may be planned to provide optimum benefits to you and to BSF. Select from the choices below for some of the most common types of current giving, including cash and non-cash gifts.

  • CASH GIFTS - Gifts of all sizes, will allow us to accelerate our ability to fund new projects and expand the sites ability to provide the quality bible studies 24 hours per day, seven days a week in the native language people arouund the world. You may give a cash giftto BSF by:
    • Mailing a check to:
      Biblical Studies Foundation
      1101 E. Arapaho Rd
      Suite 200

      Attn: Development Coordinator
    • Donate online with your credit card
    • If you would like to discuss your gift or need more information contact our Development Coordinator at 800-575-2425. You can also Email us for more information
  • APPRECIATED ASSETS - Would you like to support the ministry of BSF but thought it could only be done with cash? You can give almost any kind of non-cash personal property and do it in a number of ways. Tax benefits are greatest if the asset you give is worth more than you paid for it.
  • REAL ESTATE - Another way to give to our ministry without giving cash is by donating real estate. This is a tremendous way to avoid paying any tax on the increase in the value of the property.
  • LIFE INSURANCE - Do you have a policy that is no longer needed for its original purpose? This may be an ideal asset to transfer to BSF. Your wishes will be carried out promptly, and your gift will not be delayed by settlement of your estate nor diminished by probate costs. In addition, you may receive valuable benefits in the form of income tax deductions.
  • MEMORIAL GIFTS - A memorial gift is a meaningful way to express honor and tribute to a loved one by giving a gift of lasting worth. You may give any type of gift in memory of another person. Trusts, Wills, Annuities, and other charitable giving plans can also be used to further your gift.
I have held many things in my hands and I have lost them all. But whatever I have placed in God’s hands, that I still possess.

- Martin Luther

Deferred Giving

Deferred gifts are gifts that you establish now for a future date. The actual gift may be made after your lifetime or in a term of years. In some cases, you can receive income and tax benefits during your life. For more information about the most common types of deferred gifts, select from the choices below:

  • RETIREMENT ASSETS - Perhaps you have found that after setting aside assets for when your income declines at retirement, God has blessed you with more funds than you will use (reduced expenses? greater income than anticipated?) The result is an excess of assets that are available for distribution at death. Even at death, however, these assets are subject to income tax unless they are distributed to charity.
    In cases of larger estates (subject to estate tax), the combined income and estate tax may exceed 75%. Some may find that rather than losing the benefits of the majority of their retirement assets, these make an ideal gift to support BSF’s 501(c)(3) non-profit ministry. By making BSF the beneficiary of all or a portion of your retirement assets, you can be assured that there will be ZERO taxes paid on these assets that are given to the Lord’s work.
  • WILLS - Only about 4 out of 10 Americans have planned for their family and heirs by executing a will. A will directs how a person wants his or her property distributed at death. It is also used for other purposes, such as naming a guardian for minor children, tax and estate planning, and providing for charitable causes. When a person dies, the will is filed with the court to be probated.
    Probate is simply the procedure for passing property to the rightful heirs, under court supervision. The probate court relies on a person's will to determine who are the rightful heirs.
    If someone dies without a will, the court does not have guidelines to determine the rightful heirs. So your state, in effect, "creates" a will for those who do not do their own planning. The Problem Of Not Having a Will-

    People who leave no will of their own have died intestate, which means without a testament or, literally, without a will. The laws regarding your "state will" generally are called the rules of intestate succession.

    An intestate decedent may create unnecessary future estate taxes by permitting everything to pass to the surviving spouse. To some extent, the payment of federal estate taxes is "voluntary." If you do not plan properly, you may have volunteered to pay much more than necessary. The decedent could have done better planning through a properly drafted will.

    Also, intestate succession does not avoid probate---it only complicates the proceeding and makes things more difficult and expensive for your heirs.

    The BSF Urges: That everyone have a will and any other trust documents needed to directs the distribution of your estate after death. It ensures that what you desire to give to your loved ones and to Christian causes will be given. We would hope that you would consider BSF as a ministry that you would like to support from your estate.

    You Have Numerous Options: The Choice Is Yours.

    You can name the The Biblical Studies Foundation as a beneficiary, giving you many choices:

    1. Give us a bequest of a fixed dollar amount.
    2. Give us a percentage of the estate. This allows you to keep the division of the estate residue in desired proportions, regardless of its size.
    3. Make us a contingent gift. That is, the funds would go to a certain individual if that person survives you. If not, they would be paid to us.
    4. Create a trust to pay you an income for life, with the remaining principal to be given to us thereafter.
    5. Give us a gift without restrictions. This allows us to apply the funds to our most pressing needs and is the best way to give to us to help us achieve our mission.

    Your attorney should, of course, be involved in planning your will. If your plans include a deferred gift or bequest to us, we would also like to be included in the discussion and recognize your generous commitment during your lifetime. Please contact our Development Coordinator at 800-575-2425 .

How To Leave A Lasting Legacy

  1. IN A WILL - The following is the correct language to use if it is your intent that your bequest benefit The Biblical Studies Foundation in your will.

    "I give, devise, and bequeath to The Biblical Studies Foundation with its web site at http://www.bible.org the sum of __________ dollars." (Or designate the percentage of the estate or otherwise describe the gift.)

    If you include us in your will --- please send us a copy of it or the portion which mentions us --- so we can recognize you as a member of our "Golden Circle" legacy society. Recognition benefits include a listing of the names of our Golden Circle member on a special plaque in the lobby of our Chapter Headquarters (with each donor's permission, of course): and a recognition event to be held with our Chairman and other leaders of the organization.

  2. REVOCABLE LIVING TRUSTS - A Revocable Living Trust does the work of a will and more. It not only provides for the distribution of your resources at the time of death, but allows you to prepare for your living needs (e.g., you become incapacitated and unable to manage them, or you prefer not to). Assets in a Revocable Living through probate, saving both time and money.
  3. CHARITABLE REMAINDER TRUSTS - The Charitable Remainder Trust is a way for you to receive a lifetime income from assets that you ultimately want to go to the Lord’s work. It is an excellent way to convert appreciated assets and receive income without capital gains tax, all the while ultimately supporting BSF and receiving a current tax deduction.
  4. PULL-THE-STRING GIFT - Many people would like to benefit BSF, but have a fear they may need the money at some point in the future. The Pull-The-String Gift allows you to control the money and to have it anytime you wish. However, at your death, if you have not used the money, then it would go to BSF’s ministry, without tax and without probate.

    Also, if you have any further questions about any particular estate planning needs, please call or write to our Development Coordinator. We are here to serve.

Golden Circle Planned Giving - The Bible Studies Foundation is very grateful to those who have remembered the Ministry in their estate plans. To recognize these special benefactors, it has created The Golden Circle. The Golden Circle members will be listed, with their permission, on a special plaque in The Bible Studies Foundation headquarters lobby.

TIME/TALENT

In addition to donations of cash or assets, God expects us to be good stewards of our time, knowing that we will give an account of ourself to God. He expects us not grow weary in doing good, for in due time we will reap, if we do not give up. He commands us to do good to all people, and especially to those who belong to the family of faith.

Gal 6:9-10; Col 4:5; Rom 14:12 commands us to donate our time and talents to further Christ's Kingdom. Therefore, BSF wants to offer the means where people can donate their time by volunteering for one of the many available funded or unfunded projects.

You are invited to review our projects and select a project you would like to contribute to. If you have an idea for a project not on the list and it would contribute to the body of Christ, please fill out a unfunded project idea sheet.

If you are outside the USA and have access to printers and would like to market BSF studies in your area and use the proceeds to support local ministry, please email us your proposal, as this supports our vision to use the BSF model to support those people who want to impact their local world.

An Incredible Journey (a reason to keep your seatbelt fastened)

We have a saying in the office; "Make sure you have your seatbelt on cause God has us on an awesome ride". I'm just thankful that he allows us a front seat in this journey.

In 2010 we had a Matching Funds Fundraiser. We called it a Celebration Fundraiser. The response from our Bible.org/NET Bible users and visitors was so over whelming that our matching sponsor has offered to do it again. (see below on how the matching funds works)

In 2010 we raised over a million dollars from our Celebration Fundraiser. Because of your generosity we were able to work on the projects that we felt God was calling us to do.  Our goals and passions have not changed, we still believe we can equip Christians for global impact and see the great commission fulfilled in one generation. Here is an update on the projects from that 2010 fundraiser:

Project we promoted
during the fundraiser
What we accomplished
Chinese NET BibleWe see the need for a Chinese NET Bible. With over 1.3 billion Chinese speaking people living amongst us, we see the need to supply them with a version of the bible exactly as we provide it in English today We now have a Chinese NET Bible, which we call, CNET. We have two versions one with all of our 60,932 translators notes and one that is just our translation. Both of these can be found on our downloads page at the bottom. You will also find the traditional and simplified versions in our online Study Environment on the right side in the Bible Tab. Simply click on the right side of the tab and select which alternative Bible you which to read.
Internet GrowthThe Internet is growing at a rate of 30% a year and mobile devices are growing at an even larger rate. Last year we had over 407,000 visits from mobile devices In the last year we went from 407,000 visits to 3,161,552 visits from mobile phones and we don't see this trend slowing down or stopping.  We are constantly meeting the needs of the mobile visitor and still have plans to make the visit from a mobile device a more pleasant experience.  We are currently testing a new mobile app that will allow advanced Bible study on your mobile device in addition to sharing your experience with others through social networks. On the web side, during the year of our last fund raiser we had over 11 million hits on our site, in the last 12 months we are seeing close to 20 million hits. We also dont see this trend changing.
3rd World Resources We want to continue to develop resources that can be used as stand alone processes. There are still missionaries in parts of the world that do not have a Internet connection. Our goal is to provide our current resources such as bible studies, the NET Bible. Articles, sermons and more to these missionaries in the “Non-Net” world We recognize that our content is what makes us different, but what does it matter if people cant use it. Last year we had over 150,000 visitor's to our Bible downloads page and we have had hundreds of thousands of visitors download/print/copy the material on our site. We have even created a DVD's for pastors outside the United States who have a computer but do not have access to the Internet. We have even been asked if people can translate our articles into their native tongue so they can go back to their country/village/home and share the Gospel with their friends and family. We are ever growing our resources and the way in which we provide them. 
Church Services - this is something new we are starting. We want to provide the church with the tools needed to “seek and find the lost” and then help them train these same people into “Disciples of Jesus Christ” Providing tools and resources directly to the churches rather then through the pastors was something new and it is working very well. In the last year we have provided an upgraded online Study Environment, thousands of new resources on Bible.org, new and lower cost Pew Bibles, Bibles for fundraising, a new paperback Bible to hand out to visitors or to use in youth events and soon to be release custom front Bibles. We are still expanding the services that we want to provide to the church which will include documentation on how to find a pastor, what do you need to know in order to find the right elders/trustees/deacons, conflict resolution policies, how to start a youth group, how to start a VBS, church budgeting tools, pastors conference kits and so much more.
Build a Training "Road Map"for articles that would label material that is appropriate for the non believer and progress to the baby Christian and move up to the mature Christian.  We have built, what we refer to at Bible.org as, the Pathway. The pathway allows you to take an assessment quiz and then provides/suggests articles that you can find on Bible.org that will help you along with your next step in faith. You can follow the pathway alone or with a mentor. We also have a team working on what we call the Bible.org Institute. This will be a collection of online classes that will guide you through many of the theological points associated with Christianity.

How the matching funds works - If you currently donate to Bible.org, for every $1 you donate our sponsor will match it with another $1. $1 becomes $2, $10 becomes $20 and so forth.  If you have never donated to Bible.org before and you donate $1 our sponsor will donate $2. $1 becomes $3, $10 becomes $30.  Our sponsor is will to match up to $500,000. ANY amount you donate will be matched. If ever dollar of the matching funds is used we have the potential of raising over one million dollars.

Help us by joining us to complete the dream Consider donating so it will be matched by our generous donor. Help us reach the world with God’s Word by donating to bible.org today. Bible.org is a 501C3 organization all donations are tax-deductible.


 

Click to Donate

 

donateTo Donate By Credit Card You will need to be logged in so we can enter you name into our secure process. If You do not yet have an account click on Create New Account. If you forgot your password click Forgot Password and it will send your password to your account.

  • if you have problems Donating on-line call or 214-580-1999 to donate over the phone
  • or mail your check

Matching Fundraiser
Biblical Studies Foundation 
1101 E. Arapaho Rd Suite 200 
Richardson, TX 75081

Matching Funds Campaign

donate

 

 

How do the Matching Funds work?

$1 can become $3,
$500 can become $1,500.

A very generous donor has agreed to match your donation. If you have donated to Bible.org in the past, they will match your donation $1 for $1. If you are a first time donor, your donation will be matched $2 for $1. That gives your donation "triple power". 

If every dollar of the matching funds is used we have the potential of raising over one million dollars.

Donate here

What does Bible.org do?

Bible.org provides the largest collection of Bible study resources on the Internet. It is all online and it is free to use at any time. We provide millions of people every month the ability to read, download, save and use all of our resources. Bible.org is the main reason why the NET Bible exists. Our entire translation and notes can be found at netbible.org. 

Bible.org A.K.A. Biblical Studies Foundation is a non-profit 501(c)(3) tax-exempt organization with offices in Richardson, Texas

Our mission is to empower the world to evangelize as Jesus told us to in Matthew 28:19,20

When I donate to Bible.org, where does my money go?

When you donate to Bible.org your donation helps provide free resources for the rest of the world to use. Free downloads of the Bible, free articles, free commentaries, free study tools, free resources on mobile devices and the development of new ways to provide Biblical teaching.

Considering the huge impact and reach that Bible.org has globally, we operate with a very small staff. We are committed to ensure that we are as efficient as possible so your donation dollar goes further.

What are the plans of Bible.org?

Providing the largest web presence of Biblical studies has its challenges. Constantly changing with technical trends, changing to meet new mobile grow markets and providing "Trusted Content" all meet financial needs. We are always looking for efficient ways to meet these needs.

Providing a place for volunteers and translators to help grow our global reach. When volunteers translate our material in to other languages more of the globe benefits from our trusted content. The more content we have in other languages the larger the impact we have for His kingdom.

Partnering with other ministries and providing solid biblical resources. Truly working as the body of Christ, we provide resources that we have developed or collected and provide them to other ministries so they can work on their core focus, rather than spending their time and money developing Biblical studies and resources.

Providing Biblical resources everywhere. We are constantly working to provide our resources in as many ways as possible. We translated our NET Bible into Chinese for over a billion people to read, we are developing unique ways to provide our Bible on a mobile platform, both for smart and non-smart phones, and we are adding multiple linguistic opportunities to our online study Environment. Our goal is to translate into more languages and reach more of the globe than every before.

Read information about our past projects and fundraiser.

How is Bible.org Funded?

We have two main revenue streams. Donations and advertising. We took some flack about the advertising but that revenue is used to help reduce our donation to overhead expense ratio. By doing this, more of your donation dollar goes to funding projects and reaching more people in more places.

How can I donate?



donateTo Donate By Credit Card You will need to be logged in so we can enter you name into our secure process. If You do not yet have an account click on Create New Account. If you forgot your password click Forgot Password and it will send your password to your account.

  • if you have problems Donating on-line call or 214-580-1999 to donate over the phone
  • or mail your check (made payable to Biblical Studies Foundation)

Matching Fundraiser
Biblical Studies Foundation 
1101 E. Arapaho Rd Suite 200 
Richardson, TX 75081

 

What is the minimum donation that you allow?

The minimum donation amount is $1. We receive small donations from people who don't have much money, and we are very grateful to those donors. Truly, if the gift is meaningful to you, it is meaningful to us. But, it's not uncommon for people to use donation mechanisms such as ours to test stolen credit cards to see if they work. Those people typically use a very small dollar amount for their testing: we find a $1 minimum donation amount seems to deter them.

What can I do to spread the word?

Tell your firends and family about what Bible.org has done for you and how it can be helpful to them. You can even add something like this to your email signature.

Join me in supporting Bible.org during it's Matching Fundraising Campaign. Donate Now

 

[1] Nutrire La Nostra Crescita Spirituale Ed Emotiva

Quando Dio ci ha creati a Sua immagine, quell’immagine includeva le nostre emozioni. Dio ci da tutto ciò di cui possiamo goderne e le emozioni sane colorano la nostra vita e ci entusiasmano. La Sua Parola dice “Dio… ci offre abbondantemente ogni cosa per goderne (1 Tim 6:17). Ci è stato anche detto tramite la Scrittura di godere del nostro lavoro, degli amici, dei nostri figli, della buona salute, della benedizione materiale e del nostro Dio. Senza emozioni, ciò sarebbe impossibile.

Noi prendiamo piacere in Dio. Noi prendiamo piacere nelle nostre famiglie e nei nostri Amici. Noi prendiamo piacere delle opportunità che Dio ci dona per usare le nostre abilità per servire gli altri. La Vita ha uno scopo ed un soddisfacimento. La nostra Vita spirituale matura e si approfondisce quando apprezziamo le benedizioni di Dio.

Quando tutto va bene – quando ad esempio ci spostiamo in una nuova casa, quando i nostri figli finiscono l’università e trovano un buon lavoro, quando si sposano con la persona giusta, quando riceviamo buone notizie dal dottore, quando di fatto ci rimangono soldi alla fine del mese – ci sentiamo felici: le nostre emozioni rispondono e reagiscono alle nostre circostanze fisiche.

Le nostre emozioni reagiscono anche alle nostre circostanze spirituali. Quando una persona, schiacciata dalla colpa, trova perdono credendo in Cristo Gesù, si sente ripulita e libera. Lo si vede accadere spesso nelle persone che portano il peso e il dolore dell’aborto da anni. Ci dicono di aver trovato la guarigione spirituale ed emotiva attraverso il perdono di Cristo, specialmente quando si ritrovano nell’ambito di un gruppo di sostegno per la ripresa dall’aborto. Dopo che l’immoralità ha distrutto l’autostima della persona, ho visto donne che rinunciavano al loro malsano stile di vita e trovavano gioia nell’ubbidienza al Signore.

Ma cosa succede se le nostre emozioni diventano come un treno impazzito che non riusciamo a controllare? Forse spesso ti senti schiacciata dalle tue emozioni e ti rivedi in questa descrizioni che seguono:

·         Hai sperimentato il rifiuto o sei stata trattata ingiustamente o stai combattendo con la devastazione emotiva del tuo passato? Sei stata molestata o rifiutata?

·         Ti ritrovi in un matrimonio che ti ha resa acida e ti senti senza speranza?

·         Gli altri ti dicono che “hai tutto sotto controllo” ma sotto quest’apparenza fremi di rabbia e di amarezza non riuscendo a perdonare le cose che ti hanno fatto?

·         Sei schiacciata dalla colpa e dal rimorso per cose che hai fatto e per cui non riesci semplicemente a perdonarti?

Quando affrontiamo circostanze della vita incerte, dolorose o tragiche, ci sentiamo afflitti, in confusione, arrabbiati e nel dolore: anche queste emozioni sono date da Dio. Il nostro Padre usa queste emozioni per portarci più vicino a Lui. Così come il dolore fisico ci fa capire che qualcosa nel nostro corpo non va, così il dolore emotivo è forse il modo in cui Dio ci dice che non va tutto bene nella nostro rapporto spirituale con Lui.1

Quando le emozioni si fanno distruttive, ci possono rendere tristi, rovinare i rapporti con gli altri e possono bloccare la nostra crescita spirituale. Le emozioni possono costruire un muro solido tra noi e Dio e tra noi e le altre persone.

Nella nostra sofferenza non possiamo fare a meno di sentirci di dare la colpa a Dio per gli eventi tragici del nostro passato o per l’infelicità del nostro presente ed è difficile per noi aver fiducia in un Dio che permette che accada una tale tragedia ai Suoi figli. Facciamo il minimo indispensabile per rimanere parte del Suo “gruppo” ma non abbiamo il senso del legame né una vera gioia alla presenza di Dio e neanche un vero rapporto con gli altri credenti.

Nelle pagine successive vedremo come queste emozioni che creano instabilità, distruttive (cioè l’egoismo, la colpa, la paura, la preoccupazione, il non riuscire a perdonare, la rabbia, l’invidia, il rifiuto, l’avidità, l’orgoglio, senso d’inferiorità, delusione, scontentezza, l’afflizione e la solitudine) possono intralciare la nostra crescita spirituale e tenerci lontano da un rapporto vicino e di fiducia col nostro Creatore. Studiando i personaggi biblici - i quali hanno subìto anche loro queste emozioni - e mettendo in pratica la santa Parola di Dio, vedremo anche come possiamo affrontare queste emozioni, superare questi ostacoli emotivi e procedere con forza e coraggio nel cammino che il Signore ha pianificato per noi. Alla fine apprezzeremo in modo nuovo l’Amicizia e vedremo come gli amici cristiani possono stimolare la crescita emotiva e la maturità spirituale in modo reciproco.

Forse pensi che nessuno potrebbe mai comprendere la sofferenza a cui le tue emozioni ti hanno portato a sentire finora. Forse dentro di te pensi che la tua situazione sia una guarigione che è passata. Se è così, per favore ricorda cosa ha detto in preghiera il profeta Geremia mentre vedeva il suo mondo sgretolarsi davanti ai suoi occhi: “Ah, Signore, DIO! Ecco, tu hai fatto il cielo e la terra con la tua gran potenza e con il tuo braccio steso; Non cè nulla di troppo difficile per te. (Gr 32:17)

Il progetto di Dio per i Suoi figli, definito in modo chiaro, è che cresciamo nella maturità spirituale. Egli può guidarci intorno, al di sopra o in mezzo ad un ostacolo che ha fatto ritardare la nostra crescita spirituale. Niente del nostro passato o del nostro presente è così difficile che lui non possa occuparsene. Dio ha creato le nostre emozioni e Lui è capace a fermare i loro effetti distruttivi sulle nostre vite. Lui può fare in modo che le nostre emozioni lavorino per noi dandoci pace e gioia mentre impariamo a coinvolgerci con la nostra relazione col nostro Signore piuttosto che reagire alle nostre circostanze.

Il compito potrebbe sembrare grande, ma con laiuto di Dio non è davvero così difficile. In questo libro affronteremo la sfida insieme e quando sarete arrivati alla fine del libro, spero che siate già a buon punto nel gestire qualsiasi ostacolo emotivo che blocca il vostro progresso alla maturità spirituale. Ora, allinizio, incominciamo con poco arrivando verso il fine della maturità spirituale facendo passi da bambino...

Misurare La Crescita Spirituale.

Per nostra grande gioia Adrian, nostra nipote, è venuta a trovarci tempo fa. Circa un anno fa, quando si trovava a casa da noi, mio marito aveva segnato sul telaio della porta della cucina laltezza e la data di nostra nipote. Mentre ci avvicinavamo alla stesso segno nella porta, le sorrisi e le dissi: Vediamo quanto sei alta adesso!

Adrian si mise dritta mentre facevo un segno con un pennarello sopra la sua testa. Era cresciuta di circa 7 cm! Lho abbracciata e le dissi quanto era meraviglioso il fatto che stesse diventando così alta.

Nel frattempo la nostra famiglia aveva avuto una meravigliosa gioia con larrivo di unaltra bimba. Quando mia figlia Helene diede alla luce Alexandra tenevamo la bimba tra le braccia e la curavamo con un amore immenso. Sebbene fosse una bimba piccolina, Alexandra rimaneva sempre una persona: non bisognava altro per capire questo. Alla sua nascita, tutto il potenziale della sua vita era racchiuso in un fagotto di circa 4 kili.

Quando Alexandra tornò a casa dallospedale, non poteva far nulla:erano i suoi genitori a prendersi pienamente cura di lei. La sua unica fonte di sostentamento fisico era il latte della Mamma e, per i primi mesi, la vita di Helene ruotava intorno ai bisogni della sua piccola sorellina. Mentre passavano le settimane, vedevamo la bimba crescere, seguirci con gli occhi e facendo dei veri sorrisi: stava crescendo e maturando.

Sia Adrian che Alexandra stanno crescendo, ma cè una grande differenza tra le aspettative che abbiamo di ciascuna di loro. Adrian ha tre anni:parla e sa cosa significa obbedire e disubbidire. Lei sa il motivo per cui è messa in punizione e può mangiare da sola e vestirsi da sola. Alexandra deve crescere un sacco prima di fare le cose che fa Adrian. Noi amiamo entrambe le bambine allo stesso modo, ma ognuna è ad un livello diverso di crescita.

Cè un perfetto paragone tra la crescita fisica e quella spirituale, tranne forse il fatto che la crescita spirituale è meno soggetta ad essere misurata. La crescita spirituale non può essere dimostrata come i segni fatti sulla porta per misurare laltezza, tuttavia ci sono molte somiglianze con quella fisica. Quando conosciamo Gesù Cristo come nostro Salvatore, riceviamo una nuova natura e diventiamo figli di Dio – dei bambini spirituali. Tutto il potenziale della nostra vita spirituale ci è dato al momento in cui ci affidiamo a Cristo, perché lo Spirito Santo viene a vivere dentro di noi, senza mai lasciarci.

Conoscere La Parola Di Dio

Questo è solo linizio. Da quel momento in poi siamo destinati a maturare nelle nostre vite spirituali. Il primo cibo che abbiamo bisogno è il latte: come bambini appena nati, desiderate il puro latte spirituale, perché con esso cresciate per la salvezza se davvero avete gustato che il Signore è buono. (1 Pietro 2:2)

Al principio realizziamo la bontà di Dio quando comprendiamo che Egli ci perdona e che ci rende Suoi figli. Comprendiamo che lui fa questo non per qualcosa di buono che noi abbiamo fatto, ma unicamente per la sua grazia e per la compassione verso di noi. Lui ci ama così tanto che è venuto sulla Terra come un essere umano ed si è preso il castigo che noi ci meritavamo per i nostri peccati. Perciò, quando riceviamo il dono di Dio della vita eterna attraverso Cristo Gesù, noi gustiamo la bontà di Dio.

Ma noi siamo bambini e prendiamo del latte spirituale per crescere. Quel latte è la Parola di Dio. Abbiamo anche bisogno di sostanze nutrienti necessarie che ci aiutino a crescere nella maturità spirituale. Le cose necessarie sono la preghiera, la comunione fraterna e lobbedienza.

Quando diciamo che la Parola di Dio è il nostro latte, noi lasciamo intendere che qualcuno deve necessariamente aiutarci a comprendere la Parola e che deve nutrirci di essa in un modo in cui ci aiuti ad assimilarla. Abbiamo bisogno di nutrimento e consiglio. Forse non sei cresciuto come avresti dovuto perché non cè stato nessuno ad aiutarti quando eri un bambino spirituale. Ciò accade più di quanto dovrebbe, ma non è troppo tardi: si può ancora proseguire nella maturità spirituale.

Comunque questo allattamento non si prevede che sia per tutta la vita. Quando cresci nella comprensione, inizi a poter digerire e assimilare da solo la carne della Parola di Dio. Sarai capace di studiare e mettere in pratica da solo la Parola di Dio. Il fine di Dio per ognuno dei Suoi figli è la Maturità. Paolo scrisse: [versione inglese: Preparando il popolo di Dio] per lopera del ministero e per ledificazione del corpo di Cristo, finché giungiamo tutti allunità della fede e della conoscenza del Figlio di Dio, a un uomo perfetto, alla misura della statura della pienezza di Cristo. (Ef 4:12-13)

La Preghiera Fatta A Nostro Padre

La Parola di Dio è la prima cosa necessaria per la crescita spirituale ma, come ho detto prima, ci sono anche altre necessità. Così come i neonati hanno bisogno della propria madre, cè bisogno anche di vicinanza col Padre. Come nuovi credenti, sviluppiamo quella vicinanza col nostro Padre Celeste attraverso la preghiera. Infatti, Lui ci ha dato una meravigliosa promessa quando Lo preghiamo: Non siate in ansietà per cosa alcuna, ma in ogni cosa le vostre richieste siano rese note a Dio mediante preghiera e supplica, con ringraziamento. E la pace di Dio, che sopravanza ogni intelligenza, custodirà i vostri cuori e le vostre menti in Cristo Gesù. (Fil 4:6-7)

Dio non ci chiede di pregare perché non conosce i nostri bisogni. Lui conosce ogni cosa! Non preghiamo per il Suo beneficio, ma per il nostro. In quale altro modo possiamo sperimentare la realtà del Suo amore se non raccontandogli le nostre sofferenze, i nostri bisogni, i desideri e le gioie? In quale altro modo possiamo sentire il Suo conforto e vedere le Sue risposte?

Hai mai pregato riguardo una situazione ed hai avvertito la presenza di Dio e la pace anche se niente è cambiato? La Preghiera ci fa passare del tempo con nostro Padre. La Preghiera ci fa dipendere da Lui. La Preghiera rafforza la nostra fede. La Preghiera è necessaria alla nostra crescita spirituale: ma c’è di più.

Stare Insieme Con Gli Altri Credenti

Oltre al nutrimento personale con la Parola di Dio e il passare tempo in preghiera, abbiamo anche bisogno il nutrimento che proviene dal passare il tempo con gli altri credenti.

Come Paolo ha scritto: “Facciamo attenzione gli uni agli altri per incitarci allamore e alle buone opere, non abbandonando la nostra comune adunanza come alcuni sono soliti fare, ma esortandoci a vicenda; tanto più che vedete avvicinarsi il giorno. (Eb 10:24-25)

Quando i Cristiani parlano di fratellanza non si vuole intendere semplicemente frequentare una chiesa la Domenica mattina. Non è abbastanza ascoltare la predica e andarsene senza avere contatti con nessuno. E’ importante pianificare nei nostri programmi dei periodi regolari in cui incontrarsi con gli altri credenti, incoraggiarsi e fortificarsi a vicenda, condividere l’amore, le risate, i dolori e le pene.

Di recente sono stata a pranzo con un’amica. Ci fa sempre piacere stare insieme, ma questa volta avevamo notato che avevamo gli stessi problemi riguardo una particolare situazione riguardo dei rapporti interpersonali: riuscivamo ad esprimere la nostra confusione e il nostro dolore. Riuscivamo a darci dei consigli l’un l’altra che forse avrebbero funzionato. Quando ci siamo salutate, sentivo una grande sensazione di soddisfazione e di piacere. In effetti entrambi sentivamo ciò. Il poter semplicemente parlarne, incoraggiarci e metterci alla prova ci ha aiutato a sollevarci da un peso emotivo che avevamo entrambi. La Fratellanza è vitale per la maturità spirituale. Il Re Salomone ha scritto “Il ferro forbisce il ferro; così un uomo ne forbisce un altro. (Prov 27:17)

Obbedienza Alla Parola Di Dio

La Fratellanza è necessaria per la maturità spirituale, così come l’esercizio spirituale. Così come un bambino deve usare le braccia, le gambe e tenere la testa in su per fortificare e far sviluppare i muscoli, anche la crescita spirituale richiede esercizio.

Pensiamo a come il bambino inizia a camminare. All’inizio riesce a fare una o due passi alla volta, poi lentamente, mentre i suoi muscoli si fanno più forti, il bambino riesce a camminare senza sforzo per il resto della sua vita. Mentre esercitiamo i muscoli alla Parola di Dio, ubbidiremo più facilmente: il peccato perderà la sua attrazione su noi e il discernimento crescerà. La Scrittura insegna: “Ora, chiunque usa il latte non ha esperienza della parola di giustizia, perché è bambino; ma il cibo solido è per gli adulti; per quelli, cioè, che per via delluso hanno le facoltà esercitate a discernere il bene e il male. (Ebr 5:13-14)

Il Ritardo Di Crescita

Se potessi misurare la tua crescita spirituale, quanto pensi saresti cresciuto nell’ultimo anno o negli ultimi cinque o dieci anni? Sembra che alcuni di noi non superino mai la fase infantile: abbiamo accettato Gesù Cristo come il nostro personale Salvatore anni fa, però le nostre vite non sono state trasformate così tanto. Facciamo un sacco di cose giuste, però non avvertiamo quel grande rapporto con Dio. Non siamo pieni di gioia nel modo che pensavamo che saremmo stati. Non c’è entusiasmo o spirito di avventura nel nostro cammino spirituale, bensì è tutto una noia.

Forse starai pensando: “non sono molto matura, non mi sento vicino a Dio. Persino quando prego non mi aspetto davvero una risposta: lo faccio in modo meccanico, ma non funziona. Quando sono con gli altri cristiani mi sento un’ ipocrita.”

Credo che questo, almeno in parte, succeda a causa di un’altra condizione che è in rapporto con quello che succede nei bambini: si chiama “ritardo di crescita” e credo che sia una condizione spirituale così com’è un problema fisico.

Cos’è che ci ostacola nel crescere? Cos’è che sta bloccando le nostre vite spirituali e impedisce il nostro sviluppo? Perchè siamo delusi nella vita cristiana? Perché Dio sembra lontano e non una persona intima, vicina?

A volte il fallimento di una crescita sana è causata da ostacoli emotivi che ci hanno paralizzato, ci hanno dato un concetto errato di Dio o ci hanno fatto sminuire del valore che abbiamo di noi stessi. Quando si tratta di salute emotiva, ci sono due estremi che dobbiamo evitare. Il primo è ignorare o rifiutare le nostre emozioni: il “ripieno” di emozioni ci porta a covare sotto la superficie ed influenzare l’intera persona.

D’altra parte, non possiamo fare delle nostre emozioni il centro della nostra attenzione in quanto la società di oggi sembra appoggiare il motto “se ci si sente bene, fallo”. Il nostro Mondo ha rifiutato i valori morali assoluti e quelli tradizionali mentre sembra voler far prevalere l’atteggiamento di sostegno nel fare ciò che si vuole.

Ci sono molti esempi di quest’atteggiamento del “sentirsi bene”: prima di tutto il sesso che è visto come semplicemente un istinto animale, staccato dalla cornice protettiva del matrimonio, privo dall’intimità e dell’impegno. Non c’è bisogno di farvi immaginare quali conseguenze stiamo avendo come risultato di questa semina!

Altri esempi sono numerosi: l’Egoismo che è applaudito ed incoraggiato. Uomini e Donne che finiscono il matrimonio. Figli che vengono abortiti, rifiutati, abusati e spesso abbandonati e che crescono da soli. Genitori anziani abbandonati e qualche volta lasciati senza aiuto ed a morire di fame perché i loro bisogni si inseriscono nell’egocentrismo dei loro figli adulti. La Rabbia incontrollata che scoppia in violenza casuale mai vista nella storia della nostra nazione. Tutto questo e molto di più sono il risultato del seguire i nostri sentimenti ciecamente senza rispettare i limiti dati da Dio.

Princìpi Di Salute Emotiva

Né il rifiuto delle emozioni né una cieca ubbidienza ad esse produrrà una personalità ben sviluppata: dobbiamo andare alla Bibbia per vedere alcuni fatti e princìpi importanti per gestire le nostre emozioni secondo il modo in cui Dio vuole,2 partendo dall’idea che:

Dio ha emozioni e ci ha creati a Sua immagine con una simile capacità emotiva.

Dio ama, è gioioso, sente compassione, il dolore e la rabbia. Gesù Cristo, come essere umano, ci ha rivelato il cuore di Dio: Lui ha espresso dolore, rabbia, frustrazione (Luca 9:41), delusione e meraviglia (Luca 7:9), afflizione (Giovanni 12:39) e Gioia (Ebr 12:2). La nostra formazione emotiva è uno dei modi in cui si vede l’immagine di Dio in noi.

Dobbiamo poi ricordare:

Gli esseri umani sono delle unicità fisiche, spirituali ed emotive.

Noi ci relazioniamo all’ambiente con i nostri corpi e ci relazioniamo con Dio con i nostri spiriti: le nostre emozioni sono influenzate da entrambe queste relazioni. Non possiamo semplicemente separare i diversi componenti della nostra natura come se fossero compartimenti stagno. “Proprio come possiamo fare esperienza di dolore o piacere fisico, così possiamo avere la capacità di fare esperienza di dolore o piacere emotivo.”3

Le Emozioni Influenzano Potentemente La Nostra Vita

Immagina come sarebbe se fossimo degli esseri con una propria volontà ma senza emozioni. Saremmo come dei computer: macchine senza sensibilità, nessuna abilità nel relazionarsi, né dolori né gioie. Secondo me non sarebbe molto interessante! Le nostre emozioni ci sono state date non per controllarci ma per consentirci di godere della vita.

Spesso pensiamo di poter risolvere i nostri bisogni spirituali con un cambio nelle nostre circostanze fisiche: ci facciamo una piccola vacanza, andiamo al centro commerciale e compriamo un intero guardaroba. Alcuni sfuggono alle emozioni creandosi una dipendenza dall’alcol con altre droghe (anfetamine e sedativi). Altri vivono nei piaceri. Tutti questi rimedi, però, sono soltanto dei cerotti o anestetici temporanei. Stiamo semplicemente trattando i sintomi peggiorando spesso le circostanze nel processo. La Verità è:

Dio vuole guarire le nostre emozioni lavorando attraverso il nostro spirito piuttosto che aggiustare le nostre circostanze.

Sfuggire non toccherà mai il problema alla radice, la quale si trova molto più nel profondo. Dio vuole guarire la causa e non soltanto alleviare i sintomi del nostro dolore emotivo. Ancora più importante:

Dio vuole che la nostra stabilità emotiva sia basata sulla nostra relazione con Lui piuttosto che con stimoli fisici e chimici.

Nelle pagine che seguono studieremo cosa dice la Bibbia riguardo Dio come il nostro grande Guaritore. Impareremo dai personaggi biblici che hanno fatto esperienza di emozioni difficili: egoismo, colpa, paura, preoccupazione, incapacità di perdonare, rabbia, invidia, rifiuto, avidità, orgoglio, senso d’inferiorità, delusione, scontentezza, afflizione e solitudine. Troveremo la soluzione che Dio ci offre per aiutarci a trattare con queste emozioni in modo efficace e studieremo il modo per incoraggiarci reciprocamente. Infine, impareremo a fare ciò che dobbiamo fare affinché Dio possa compiere i Suoi miracoli nella fragile cornice delle nostre emozioni perché “Lui guarisce chi ha il cuore rotto e fascia le loro ferrite.” (Salmi 147:3)


1 Dal libro di Erwin Lutzer, Managing Your Emotions (Chappaqua, N.Y.: Christian Herald Books, 1981), 17

2 Sono grata ad Erwin Lutzer per alcune idee trovate nel suo libro “Managing Your Emotions”, pubblicato nel 1981 dalla Christian Herald books.

3 Dal libro “Managing Your Emotions”, 11.

[5] 罪與救贖

我們相信救恩是神的禮物。得到這份禮物的途徑是透過相信耶穌基督,相信祂為世人的罪犧牲,以致世人的罪得赦免。我們相信救恩並不是人努力的結果(使徒行傳 13:38-39; 羅馬書 6:23; 以弗所書 2:8-10,而是神完完全全的恩典。我們相信得救的人,在基督裡永遠被保守。(羅馬書 8:1, 38-39; 約翰福音 10:27-30)」

「得救」這個很簡單的詞語其實包含了深奧的意義。它豐富的內容,並非人有限的智慧能夠完全明白。救恩是逃避地獄的永火嗎?是一份保單?是神因為亞當夏娃犯罪神想出來的補救方法?都不是的!聖經告訴我們,神在創世以前,已經把救恩預備好了,因為神是無所不知的,祂知道人需要救恩。

人的需要

在「創造與墮落」(第三課)中,亞當和夏娃因不聽從神而聽從撒旦,他們在本質上便成了罪人,而全人類也因此受影響。

1.      靈性上 的死亡 – 人和神分隔(他們害怕和躲藏)

2.      肉體上 的死亡

3.      罪性 他們的後裔繼承了

人本性的腐敗和墮落:

理性上的敗壞:哥林多後書4:4;羅馬書1:28

意志上的敗:羅馬書1:28

良知上的敗壞:提摩太前書4:2

思上的敗壞: 以弗所書4:18

整個人的敗壞:羅馬書1:18-3:20

「完全墮落是指罪的敗壞漫延至整個人和全人類,因此在神的眼中,人並沒有任何的功績。」– 雷歷

神的預備

神的應許與救恩的圖畫

舊約歷史記述了多個世紀以來,神給人應許的圖畫:應許有一位救主有一天會帶來救恩…第一個應許是女人的後代要粉碎撒旦。(創世記 3:15)

接著,在創世記 3:21,神預告救主會為人類所成就的事。舊約用動物獻祭的行動指向主耶穌基督、指向十字架救恩。

耶穌基督是神應許的應驗

主耶穌基督是完完全全的神,也是完完全全的人。祂是道成肉身的神,所以祂能夠一生都不犯罪,祂為罪人流盡了祂的寶血,祂在死後第三日復活,返回天堂作我們的調停者、代求者。

耶穌基督的死所成就救恩

代贖

耶穌基督死亡的中心意義是代替罪人付上罪的贖價。

希臘文Anti 意即「替代」(馬太福音 20:28;馬可福音 10:45).

希臘文Huper 意即「為他人的利益」或「替代」(哥林多後書 5:21;彼得前書5:21) 。耶穌替代了那該死的我們,祂代表我們被釘在十字架上。

神對世人的愛是無可比擬的。神實在很愛祂所造的人,祂希望我們和祂聯合。祂創造我們,希望我們與祂相交,但卻因人的罪而無法實現。罪的結果是靈性和肉體上的死亡;神是那審判的法官,因為神公義的屬性,除了絕對公平的審判,就別無他法了。而被判死刑的人類,明顯無法逃罪。因此,神親自來到世上,為祂所愛的人類接受刑罰。耶穌基督是甘願代替人受死,祂為我們的罪死;祂為我們的益處死;祂將一切的刑罰:肉身和靈性的刑罰,完全承擔了!

為甚麼祂是完美的替代?

祂是完完全全的人 -- 人和人有相同的價值,但動物卻不是等值。

祂是無 -- 祂不是為自己的罪死,而是為了罪人而死。

祂是無限的神 --因此祂能為無限量的罪而死。

在今天,這對你和我有甚麼意義呢?假如我欠債的款額是十萬元,而我沒有能力償還,現在有人為我還債。因此,我就無需要清還了。因為耶穌基督代我受了罪的刑罰,我就無需要再受刑罰了。我們若要得到罪的赦免,我們要放棄靠自己去賺取神的歡心這念頭。

買贖

希臘文 Agorazo 的字義是付款購買。

道裡的意思是付上罪的工價以致我們得贖。(哥林多前書 6:20,7:23;啟示錄 5:9;假教師 - 彼得後書 2:1)

希臘文 Exagorazo 的字義是從市場購買。

加拉太書 3:13, 4:5: 基督的十字架救恩不單為我們付上了罪的工價,還將我們帶離罪的權勢,給我們完全的保障,幫助我們永遠脫離罪的轄制與罪的刑罰。我們不再作罪的奴隸。 

希臘文Lutroo 的字義是釋放 。

提多書 2:14;彼得前書 1:18:這裡所表達的,是收到贖金後的完全釋放。贖回的教義 - 因為耶穌基督為我們的罪流盡祂的寶血,將我們買贖,使我們得釋放、得自由。

在今天,這對你和我有甚麼意義呢?你和我都從我們的過往、從魔鬼的權勢和那充滿罪性的老我中釋放。耶穌基督為我們所付出的,使我們從過往罪的奴役中完全釋放,永不再受罪的枷鎖。這是我從基督所承受的自由。

復和

復和是指從仇敵變成朋友。基督的十字架救恩,將過往人與神隔絕的情況改變成得救 (哥林多後書 5:19-20)。復和的基礎是基督為我們死 (羅馬書 5:10-11) 。我們必須明白,改變了的是人,神並沒有改變。

在今天,這對你和我有甚麼意義呢?神並不是我們的敵人,我們不要誤會祂以懷疑的態度來等候我們再次變得不友善。祂是我們的朋友,祂希望我們相信這份友誼,祂永不會離棄那些信靠耶穌基督的人。

挽回祭

挽回祭的英文 “Propitiation” 在英皇欽訂本出現了三次,分別在羅馬書 3:25;約翰壹書 2:2, 4:10,另外在希伯來書  2:17和路加福音 18:13 以動詞的形式出現。新國際版聖經譯作「贖罪」,但新國際譯本在註腳的翻譯更貼切:將神的怒氣消除。

七十士譯本 “Hilasterion”這個希臘文,和合本譯作施恩座。約櫃的真金蓋子上有兩個面對面、眼向下望的基路伯,神的榮耀停留在約櫃上。在贖罪日,大祭司要將祭牲的血彈在施恩座為人民贖罪,神對公義的要求得到滿足,挽回祭是用來平息神的怒氣。為甚麼需要平息神的怒氣呢?神因人的罪發怒(羅馬書1:18,以弗所書5:6),而基督所灑的血作了挽回祭,平息了神的怒氣,打碎了罪將神和人分隔的牆,使祂接納那些信靠耶穌基督的人成為基督大家庭的一份子。這是為普天下人的罪所作的挽回祭(約翰壹書2:2)。當我們說平息神的怒氣時,我們所指的是神對公義的要求得到滿足。

在今天,這對你和我有甚麼意義呢?我們無須為我們所做的壞事圓謊;我們做好事(捐獻或自我犧牲…)的動機,都不能平息神的怒氣。但因神悅納耶穌基督的挽回祭,神也就悅納我們那充滿感恩的心。

稱義 - 從罪的刑罰中拯救出來

稱義 - 一次性便永遠有效

在羅馬書3:26,和5:1裡,「稱義」的意思是指法庭「無罪」的裁決;在將來也不定罪(羅馬書8:1)。這只是第一部份,神還要將基督的義加給我們 - 祂宣告我們是義人。因信稱義的唯一基礎是基督以祂無瑕疵的生命為人贖罪而死。當我們相信耶穌基礎的代贖,神就宣告我們無罪,免去我們的刑責。我們並不是因為我們的「信用戶口」而被宣告無罪;否則我們的信便成了功績。「信」是指我們不是靠我們手所作的工而是接納耶穌基督為救主。

明白我們被稱為義有甚麼重要性呢?這告訴我們:我們不是不會再犯罪,實情是我們仍會犯罪,我們還會因我們所犯的罪而承擔後果;只是我們不會永遠被定罪,這給我們與神交往的信心。祂不說謊,當祂說「無罪」或「不定罪」時,祂的話是真實可信的。我們可以倚靠祂的應許:

我聽到控訴者的咆吼

因我做錯了事

我清楚知道,我還有很多過錯

耶和華卻以我無罪

成聖 - 從罪的權勢中拯救出來

成聖:一個延續的過程

帖撒羅尼迦前書 4:3,彼得前書1:16

地位:信徒被分別出來,成為神家的一份子。

經歷:在日常生活中,每天不斷和世俗增加分隔。(彼得前書1:16)

假如我們明白和意識到我們現在的生命由聖靈掌管,罪已不能再奴役我們,聖靈會幫助我們從過往的惡習中釋放。當我們讓我們的生命由聖靈掌管,祂會加添我們力量向引誘說不。你可曾發現我們的救恩有很多個不同的層面?神為我們提供了各種的資源讓我們去過祂所喜悅的生活。就是任何偶發的事情,祂都照顧到。我們存留氣息的每一天,都在成長,一天比一天更像基督。

得榮耀 - 從罪中的拯救

得榮耀:一次性便永遠有效

約翰壹書3:1-3;哥林多前書15:35-56:我們會像基督一樣,接受一個復活的身體;一個沒有罪性的身體。我們實在難以想像這將是怎樣的,這就是我們的未來。因此,我們需要用另一扇窗,一扇能看到未來的窗來看我們今生所經歷的挫折、失意、痛苦和哀傷。我們在世上所過的日子 - 30年、 40年、50年、 60年、 70年、或 80年…相對永恆,實在是微不足道。在世上的年日是神給我們為永恆作準備。我們今生所作的決定、選擇和怎樣安排優先次序,都會影響我們死後的生命。我們不要以人死如燈滅的心態來過此生。相信耶穌基督的,便成為神的兒女,得到神的保守和愛,也有承受天國的確據。

重生:重生、從神而生、從聖靈而生

約翰福音 3:3, 7;彼得前書 1:3, 23;約翰福音1:13;提多書3:5:在我們相信耶穌基督、接受耶穌基督作為我們的救主那一刻,我們就被賜予新的生命;神賜給我們新生命和永生:神的生命在人的靈裡。這是不能重複的、不會無效的、耶穌基督從死裡復活,賜給我們一個完全新的生命,也給了我們生命的目的和意義。(哥林多後書5:15, 17).

罪的赦免

以弗所書1:7, 約翰福音1:29:「赦免」的意思是除去。 利未記16章那隻被放逐的羊(歸與阿撒瀉勒的羊),就是一個例子。

神的寬恕和我們對人的寬恕不一樣。祂知道如果我們有罪咎感或良心為過往的罪自責,我們就不能感到被祂接納;又或許不能甘心樂意地事奉祂。祂知道必須將我們的罪除去,這就是耶穌為我們承受了刑罰所成就的。這不單除掉我們信主前所犯的罪,也能除去我們今天或將來所犯的罪。

信徒除罪的基礎

基督一次性的灑血是永遠有效的。基督的寶血,是我們持續得赦免的基礎。(約翰壹書 1:7-9)。祂的死亡修正了人和神的關繫;我們透過懺悔認罪,接納基督為救主,恢復與神相交,重新成為神家的一份子。

在今天,這對你和我有甚麼意義呢?這代表我們過去的過錯已被赦免,從今開始我們就可以與神相交。懺悔是指我們遵從神對罪的定義,並以這定義作為我們的定義,不再借詞推卸:我是被激怒了、我只是回應他的惡行、他做初一,我做十五、我有一個不健全的家庭;又或許說:我說謊、偷竊、我損害了她的名譽、我不仁…我們需要具體陳明我們的罪,神會寬恕我們,因祂是公義、公平和信實的。神是信實的,因祂信守承諾;神是公平的,因祂以祂的兒子償還了罪的刑罰。假如祂再次要求付贖價,祂便不是公正的了。這就是神寬恕我們的罪的情況:

超出視域:以賽亞書 38:17

超出想像:耶利米書31:34

超出所及:詩篇103:12, 彌迦書7:19

超出存有:以賽亞書 43:25, 44:22

良心的潔淨:希伯來書9:14, 10:22

我們如何能夠經歷罪的赦免呢?當我們認罪悔改,並且相信神寬恕我們、潔淨我們,並且願意接受祂的寬恕

我曾見過神就這樣把一個在過往曾犯奸淫的女人,從過往的罪和羞愧中拯救。

罪性的審判

羅馬書 6:1-10, 14:死亡並不是離開或消滅,而是分隔。與基督同死所指的是離開罪的權勢、罪的核制,使罪性在我們生命中失去效用或不能運作。與基督同死的另一個意義是與基督一同復活過新生命。羅馬書 6:4:所以我們藉著洗禮歸入死、和他一同埋葬.原是叫我們一舉一動有新生的樣式、像基督藉著父的榮耀、從死裡復活一樣罪性的暴君被基督的死推翻了;而我們可以過自由的、討神喜悅的生活。

在今天,這對你和我有甚麼意義呢?那使我們和罪相連的被切斷了。我們將自己交給聖靈引領,讓祂在我們裡面建立新的習慣。在過往控制我們的罪 - 貪婪、嫉妒、不道義的、自私、惱怒、怨恨、惡毒、…,都能夠被打碎,因為我們明白到我們與基督一同復活,過新的生命,我們成為新人。(哥林多後書5:17).

除去十字架救恩前的罪的基礎

在舊約時期聖徒罪得赦免的基礎是甚麼呢?動物的血只能遮蓋罪;但神的羔羊卻能將世人的罪除掉。在十字架救恩完成以先,沒有甚麼能將罪擺平。我們並不清楚舊約時期信仰的確實內容,但由於基督早在世界基石奠定以先已被揀選(彼得前書 1:20),神不被時空所限制,因此在神眼中這救恩已完成了。雖然在舊約時期生活的聖徒並沒有我們今天所得到裴啟示,他們憑著相信神,按祂的指示而行,他們將神要求的祭牲帶到祭壇,他們的罪得赦免,因為神知道有一天祂會預備一隻無瘕疵的羔羊。

聖靈的內住

聖靈恆常地住在我們裡面,幫助我們建立基督的品格。祂賜給我們力量勝過誘惑,去活出神的話語。祂按照神的旨意領導我們,使我們成為基督身體的一部份。(以弗所書4:6,加拉太書2:20,哥林多前書6:19,羅馬書 8:9)

收養成為後嗣

加拉太書 4:1-5,羅馬書 8:14-17:神讓我們成為「兒女」。在加拉太書和羅馬書成書那個時候(第一世紀)的文化,不管一個孩子是親生的、還是收養的,因與家庭中的成年人的關繫,便享有相同的待遇和承受相同的責任。

現在我們被收養成為神家的成員、神的兒女,這給了我們一個新的身份。

被神收養的結果是脫離罪和肉身的奴役和核制。

承繼

這包括我們完完全全在基督裡(哥羅西書2:9-10),擁有各樣屬靈的恩賜(以弗所書1:3),和得到在天上的基業的確據(彼得前書1:3-5)。

律法的結束

羅馬書 10:4, 哥羅西書 2:14:律法讓人明白他們需要基督(加拉太書3:21-24),但卻不能使人稱義或給人力量成為義人。我們現在活在基督的律法之下(加拉太書6:20)或是聖靈的律之下(羅馬書8:2)。十誡的條文,除了守聖安息日以外,都在新約中重申了。

在今天,這對你和我有甚麼意義呢?十誡是寫在石板上的,但基督的律法卻寫在我們的心板上。當我們讀神的話語或順服聖靈的帶領時,我們對基督的律法就更敏銳了。

律法告訴我們要做甚麼和怎樣生活

卻沒給我們手或腳

福音給我們佳美的話

給我們翅膀、讓我們高飛

常常有人要將我們帶返律法的核制下。當中雖然有些看來是無害的,但當有人加添一些守則去量度我們的靈命,例如不吃豬肉、不喝咖啡…我們便應當小心。這些概念有些是來自異端;也有些是出自基督徒的善意,他們希望量度基督徒的靈程。請不要讓任何人將你帶返律法之下,因為基督已經按照律法的要求成全了律法,並且為那些不能按照律法而行的人,付上了贖價。

撒旦受審判的基礎

哥羅西書 2:15,約翰福音 12:31,希伯來書 2:14:撒旦是已經被打敗了的敵人,基督在十字架上的勝利是撒旦受審判的基礎。

在今天,這對你和我有甚麼意義呢?在未得救恩以前,我們是撒旦王國的一員,當我們決志信基督,神就將我們轉移,安放在祂兒子的國度裡(哥羅西書 1:13)。聖靈內住在我們裡面。那住在我們裡面的,比世界有更大的權能;不要以撒旦為中心。我們要小心,那被擊敗的敵人,經常在嘗試要重新核制我們的生命,使我們成為一個失敗的基督徒,沒有能力見證基督。我們當認清牠的計謀,不要掉進牠的圈套。你已經不屬於牠的了!(彼得前書5:8)

延伸

基督的死有無限的價值。祂的死是為所有的人,是沒有失效日期的。只是,基督的死對於那些相信祂的人才會產生效力。(約翰福音1:29、3:17,哥林多後書5:19,提摩太前書4:10,彼得後書2:1,約翰壹書2:2)。

如何得到救恩?

在新約聖經裡,大約二百次談論得救的唯一方法是以「信」為基礎;相信耶穌基督是因為我們的罪而死,替我們付上罪的代價(約翰福音3:16、 1:12,使徒行傳16:31)救恩是神給人免費的禮物,而人需要接受這份禮物才得到救恩。一個人作出決志禱告前,必須清楚明白這點。

試討論邀請別人信主,倘若加添別的條件的危險。

永遠的保障

證據:

1.      聖靈使我們成為基督身體的一部份 - 浸禮(哥林多前書12:13),但並沒有提出任何方法或意見可將我們從基督的身體移除。

2.      聖靈是信徒得救的印記,等候得贖的日子來到(以弗所書1:13,4:30)。這印記是我們屬神的確據。失掉救恩是在得贖的日子以前,將印記破壞。

3.      聖靈就像按金,保證我們會得到全部救恩 (哥林多後書5:5,以弗所書1:14)

4.      基督的應許(約翰福音10:28-30)。

5.      羅馬書 8:28-39是最有說服力和完備的。.

研習問題

閱讀以弗所書1:3-14和羅馬書8:28-30

1. 神在甚麼時候已計劃救恩?對於相信耶穌基督的信徒,神有甚麼計劃?結果會怎麼樣?(以弗所書1: 6, 12, 14)

閱讀希伯來書9:22, 26-28 10:11-14

2. 為甚麼要設立獻祭的制度?為甚麼以動物作為祭牲並不足以除罪?為甚麼需要基督為我們犧牲?

閱讀馬太福音20:28;馬可福音10:45;彼得前書3:18

3. 基督之死的中心意義是甚麼?請你用自己的文字,寫出基督之死對你個人的意義。

閱讀哥林多前書15:1-4, 12-19

4. 請握要說明福音是甚麼。為甚麼基督必須復活?

閱讀以弗所書1:19-23;希伯來書7:23-27

5. 耶穌基督現在在那裡?今天祂在天堂上為我們進行甚麼事工?

閱讀哥林多前書6:20;彼得前書 1:18-19;加拉太書3:13;提多書2:14

6. 在這些章節裡,基督為我們成就了甚麼?祂要在我們的生命成就甚麼?

閱讀哥林多後書 5:17-21

7. 基督還要為我們成就甚麼?

閱讀哥羅西書1:13-14;約翰壹書1:7;希伯來書9:14

8. 基督還為我們成就了甚麼?我們在信主後所犯的罪怎樣得赦免?神希望我們為所犯的罪抱持罪咎感嗎?為甚麼?

閱讀腓立比書3:20;彼得前書2:5,9;約翰福音1:12-13;加拉太書4:5;彼得前書1:4

9. 按以上的經文內容,列出救恩給我們其他的好處。

閱讀羅馬書8:31-39

10. 我們可以做些甚麼來破壞與神的關係?其他人能做一些使耶穌基督給我們的救恩失效的事嗎?你會怎樣回應這段經文?既然所犯的罪會被赦免,你認為這段經文容讓我們繼續犯罪,還是叫我們更愛主,忠心事奉祂?

Psalm 42

 

STROPHE DIVISIONS OF MODERN TRANSLATIONS

NASB NKJV NRSV TEV NJB
Thirsting For God in Trouble and Exile
MT Intro
For the choir director. A Maskil of the sons of Korah.
Yearning For God in the Midst of Distress Prayer For Healing in Preparation for a Pilgrimage Prayer of Someone in Exile Lament of a Levite in Exile
42:1-4 42:1-3 42:1-3 42:1-3 42:1
        42:2
        42:3
  42:4 42:4-5b 42:4-5 42:4
42:5-8 42:5 42:5c-6a   42:5-6a
  42:6-8 42:6b-8 42:6-8 42:6b-d
        42:7
        42:8
42:9-11 42:9-10 42:9-10 42:9-10 42:9
        42:10
  42:11 42:11 42:11 42:11

READING CYCLE THREE (see "Guide to Good Bible Reading")

FOLLOWING THE ORIGINAL AUTHOR'S INTENT AT PARAGRAPH LEVEL

This is a study guide commentary which means that you are responsible for your own interpretation of the Bible. Each of us must walk in the light we have. You, the Bible, and the Holy Spirit are priority in interpretation. You must not relinquish this to a commentator.

Read the chapter in one sitting. Identify the subjects (reading cycle #3). Compare your subject divisions with the five translations above. Paragraphing is not inspired, but it is the key to following the original author's intent, which is the heart of interpretation. Every paragraph has one and only one subject.

1. First paragraph

2. Second paragraph

3. Third paragraph

4. Etc.

 

CONTEXTUAL INSIGHTS

A. The first verse has always spoken deeply to me. This is the essence of what a personal relationship should be. But even this deep intimacy does not mean that problems, illness, vicious attacks do not occur. The great promise is not the absence of problems, but His presence (cf. Ps. 23:4; 16:8).

B. I think the psalmist is in exile.

1. he cannot go to the temple, Ps. 42:4

2. he longs for Canaan, Ps. 42:6

3. he is being taunted by his captors, Ps. 42:3, 10 (cf. Psalm 137, which is also an exilic Psalm).

The NASB Study Bible (p. 781) has an interesting suggestion that the psalmist was a Korahite Levite taken captive by Syria. It gives an example of a Syrian raid (e.g., 2 Kgs. 12:17-18). The Korahites lived in the northern area of Israel (cf. Jos. 2:4,9-19). This may explain

1. the exile theory

2. the northern geographical sites in verse 6

C. The recurrent phrase is "in despair" (lit. "cast down," BDB 1005, KB 1458, Hithpolel (imperfect) occurs three times in this short poem, verses 5, 6, and 11. The psalmist is hurting inside (Ps. 42:5) and out (Ps. 42:10).

Also note the repetition of verses 5 and 11 with only slight changes. This same verse appears again in Ps. 43:5, which implies these Psalms are closely connected, possibly one Psalm (UBS Handbook, p. 398).

WORD AND PHRASE STUDY

NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: PSALM 42:1-4
 1As the deer pants for the water brooks,
 So my soul pants for You, O God.
 2My soul thirsts for God, for the living God;
 When shall I come and appear before God?
 3My tears have been my food day and night,
 While they say to me all day long, "Where is your God?"
 4These things I remember and I pour out my soul within me.
 For I used to go along with the throng and lead them in procession to the house of God,
 With the voice of joy and thanksgiving, a multitude keeping festival.

42:1-4 In this strophe one wonders what the problem is.

1. the psalmist feels cut off from YHWH

2. the psalmist cannot worship at the temple (cf. Ps. 42:4b,c)

3. the psalmist's faith is being challenged by his current conditions (i.e., exile) and the taunting of his oppressors (Ps. 42:3,10; 79:10; 115:2)

See Contextual Insights, B.

42:1

NASB, NKJV"pants"
NRSV, TEV,
LXX, REB"longs"
NJB"yearns"
JPSOA"crying"

This verb (BDB 788, KB 881, Qal imperfect) is found only three times in the OT, two here and one in Joel 1:20, where it is used of the beasts of the field.

Should the interpreter emphasize the deep desire of the psalmist for God (cf. Ps. 63:1) or his desire to be in the temple on a feast day (42:4)? I think option #2 fits the context better.

▣ "soul" This is the Hebrew term nephesh (BDB 659, cf. Ps. 42:2,4,5,6,11). See note at Psalm 3:2. It was an idiom of self reference.

▣ "the living God" This is a play on the words

1. live (verb, חיה, BDB 310)

2. living (חי, adjective, BDB 311 I)

3. YHWH (יהוה, BDB 217, covenant name for Deity, cf. Gen. 2:4; see Special Topic at Ps. 1:1)

YHWH is the only-living, ever-living God (see SPECIAL TOPIC: MONOTHEISM at Ps. 2:7). All else is alive by Him, through Him, and for Him (cf. Ps. 18:46). This characterization of Israel's God as "living" contrasts with the pagan idols that are blind, deaf, mute, and non-existent (cf. Isa. 4:9-20; Hab. 2:18-19).

42:2 "appear before God" This is an idiom for being in the temple on a feast day. The psalmist is being hindered from being in Jerusalem during feast days.

There is a question of how to understand the consonants.

1. NASB follows the MT, "appear before"

2. RSV changes the vowels to "and behold the face of God"

The UBS Text Project (p. 232) gives option #2 a "C" rating (i.e., considerable doubt).

42:3 "they" The text is not specific who this refers to.

1. captors

2. enemies

3. pagans

I think #1 fits the Psalm best. The NJB entitles this Psalm "Lament of a Levite in Exile."

Notice the psalmist feels that these persons taunt him all day long (Ps. 42:3b; 79:10; 115:2).

42:4 Worship should be a joyful, anticipated experience. I hope your experience of worship can be so characterized!

The psalmist remembers his past worship times. 

1. I remember — BDB 269, KB 269, Qal cohortative

2. I pour out my soul within me — BDB 1049, KB 1629, Qal cohortative

 

NASB, NRSV"throng"
NKJV"multitude"
TEV, JPSOA"crowds"
NJB"under the roof"
LXX"tent"

The word (BDB 697) translated "throng" occurs only here in the OT, but the same consonants can mean "thicket," "cover," "tent," "booth." The LXX saw the parallelism of the second option as the best way to interpret this word (so too, UBS Text Project notes, p. 233). For a good brief discussion see NIDOTTE, vol. 3, p. 247.

▣ "lead them in procession" There is some confusion on the meaning of this word.

1. "walk slowly" — BDB 186, KB 214, Hithpael imperfect (psalmist was a Korahite Levite singer involved in the temple rites, songs, and liturgy, cf. 2 Chr. 20:19)

2. "of the majestic ones" — referring to the tent of place of worship (NJB, REB)

3. UBS Text Project (p. 234) gives a "C" rating (considerable doubt) to "I led them."

The only difference in all three options is the vowel marks.

NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: PSALM 42:5-8
 5Why are you in despair, O my soul?
 And why have you become disturbed within me?
 Hope in God, for I shall again praise Him
 For the help of His presence.
 6O my God, my soul is in despair within me;
 Therefore I remember You from the land of the Jordan
 And the peaks of Hermon, from Mount Mizar.
 7Deep calls to deep at the sound of Your waterfalls;
 All Your breakers and Your waves have rolled over me.
 8The Lord will command His lovingkindness in the daytime;
 And His song will be with me in the night,
 A prayer to the God of my life.

42:5-8 The psalmist tries to reassure himself. This is conveyed by two questions in verse 5. He answers the questions:

1. "hope" ("wait," BDB 403, KB 407, Hiphil imperative) in God

2. "I shall again praise Him — BDB 392, KB 389, Hiphil imperative) for the help of His presence"

3. "I remember (BDB 269, KB 269, Qal imperfect) You from"

a. land of Jordan

b. peaks of Hermon (BDB 356, the name is plural in the OT only here, therefore, "peaks")

c. Mount Mizar ("little hill," BDB 859, LXX) found only here in the OT. It could refer to

(1) small hill near Mt. Hermon

(2) a way of referring to Mt. Moriah, the site of the temple in Jerusalem

Hebrew poetry is slippery stuff! Its imagery is often vague (see Appendix: Hebrew Poetry at page xxi).

42:7 The imagery is powerful. The phrase "deep calls to deep" is moving but ambiguous. What waterfalls is he talking about?

1. the psalmist's tears, 42:3

2. the Jordan River Valley and its origin in the mountains, 42:6

The next line implies it may be figurative of problems the psalmist is facing (cf. Ps. 69:1-2; 88:7). Notice they are YHWH's

1. waterfalls

2. breakers

3. waves

that have rolled over (BDB 716, KB 778, Qal perfect) the psalmist! Faithful followers live in a fallen world but believe/trust that YHWH is "the God of my life" (42:9c). The "why" is unknown, but the "Who" is with us and this is certain!

The imagery of "water" in this Psalm is multi-fold.

1. water brooks, Ps. 42:1 (i.e., drought)

2. tears, Ps. 42:3 (i.e., pain)

3. a river (i.e., Jordan), Ps. 42:6

4. deep, Ps. 42:7

a. emotions

b. imagery from God's defeat of chaos in Genesis 1

5. waterfalls (i.e., hiding place in the north may be under a waterfall)

6. breakers/waves (i.e., a flood of problems)

 

42:8 As the psalmist's tears were his food day and night (Ps. 42:3), now YHWH's (notice this is the only use of YHWH in the Psalm; Book 2 of the Psalter is dominated by the use of Elohim for Deity, as Book 1 by YHWH) lovingkindness and song are his companions.

▣ "His song" Is this the result of YHWH's lovingkindness (hesed, see Special Topic at Ps. 5:7) or is it parallel to it? What is YHWH's song? How is the psalmist's prayer of line 3 related to "the song"? It probably refers to the content of the psalmist's praises of YHWH's mercy and faithfulness. The details of poetry are ambiguous. We must let the weight and feel of the strophe, and the parallelism of the lines guide us in an overall impression! Do not push the details! Do not build doctrine on isolated lines of poetry!

▣ "the God of my life" Faithful followers are not alone; there is purpose in their lives; there is a merciful Creator who is with them and for them! Nothing "just happens" to faithful followers (cf. Psalm 139).

NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: PSALM 42:9-11
 9I will say to God my rock, "Why have You forgotten me?
 Why do I go mourning because of the oppression of the enemy?"
 10As a shattering of my bones, my adversaries revile me,
 While they say to me all day long, "Where is your God?"
 11Why are you in despair, O my soul?
 And why have you become disturbed within me?
 Hope in God, for I shall yet praise Him,
 The help of my countenance and my God.

42:9-11 Do you see the intended parallel with verses 3 and 10; verses 5 and 11?

This is like a reinforcing summary. The psalmist feels alone (Ps. 42:9a), attacked (Ps. 42:9b), discouraged (Ps. 42:11a,b). How should he respond?

1. wait — same form as Ps. 42:5

2. praise — BDB 392, KB 389, Hiphil cohortative

3. remember the God of verse 8 and his former worship times with Him in verse 4. Faith projects forward and builds on past acts of trust.

 

42:9 "my rock" See note at Psalm 18:2.

42:10 The words of his adversaries were so painful that the psalmist describes them as "death in his bones." Words do hurt. They can destroy. They reveal the heart and one day every human will give an account to God for his/her words (cf. Matt. 12:36-37).

42:11d This last noun clause functions like the noun clause of verse 8c. It is an affirmation of God's presence and care! He is with us and for us!

DISCUSSION QUESTIONS

This is a study guide commentary which means that you are responsible for your own interpretation of the Bible. Each of us must walk in the light we have. You, the Bible, and the Holy Spirit are priority in interpretation. You must not relinquish this to a commentator.

These discussion questions are provided to help you think through the major issues of this section of the book. They are meant to be thought-provoking, not definitive.

1. In Book 2 (Psalms 42-72) of the Psalms there are two names for Deity that occur most often.

a. Elohim

b. YHWH

Explain what they mean.

2. How is "living God" a play on YHWH?

3. Is the author

a. a Levite?

b. in exile?

4. Where is Mt. Mizar?

5. Who would say, "Where is your God?"

6. Why is it thought that Psalms 42 and 43 were once one Psalm?

 

Psalm 43

 

STROPHE DIVISIONS OF MODERN TRANSLATIONS

NASB NKJV NRSV TEV NJB
Prayer For Deliverance
No MT Intro
A continuation of Psalm 42
Prayer To God In Time of Trouble Prayer For Healing In Preparation For a Pilgrimage The Prayer of Someone in Exile Lament of a Levite in Exile
43:1-2 43:1-2 43:1-2 43:1-2 43:1
        43:2
43:3-4 43:3-4 43:3-4 43:3-4 43:3
        43:4
43:5 43:5 43:5 43:5 43:5

READING CYCLE THREE (see "Guide to Good Bible Reading")

FOLLOWING THE ORIGINAL AUTHOR'S INTENT AT PARAGRAPH LEVEL

This is a study guide commentary which means that you are responsible for your own interpretation of the Bible. Each of us must walk in the light we have. You, the Bible, and the Holy Spirit are priority in interpretation. You must not relinquish this to a commentator.

Read the chapter in one sitting. Identify the subjects (reading cycle #3). Compare your subject divisions with the five translations above. Paragraphing is not inspired, but it is the key to following the original author's intent, which is the heart of interpretation. Every paragraph has one and only one subject.

1. First paragraph

2. Second paragraph

3. Third paragraph

4. Etc.

 

WORD AND PHRASE STUDY

NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: PSALM 43:1-2
 1Vindicate me, O God, and plead my case against an ungodly nation;
 O deliver me from the deceitful and unjust man!
 2For You are the God of my strength; why have You rejected me?
 Why do I go mourning because of the oppression of the enemy?

43:1 Because of

1. the refrain in Ps. 42:5 and 11, which reoccurs in Ps. 43:5

2. no introduction in the MT in Psalm 43 (the only Psalm in Book 2 with no introduction)

this was probably part of Psalm 42 at one time but was divided for some unknown reason. The Jewish Study Bible's marginal note (p. 1330) suggests that the fact that Psalm 42 focuses on the past, while Psalm 43 focuses on the future, that may be a hint as to why and where they were divided!

▣ "vindicate" This verb (BDB 1047, KB 1622, Qal imperative, cf. Ps. 7:8; 26:1; 35:24) basically means "to judge." The psalmist is using court language (cf. Ps. 17:1-3). YHWH is the righteous and fair judge of all human activity (i.e., Ps. 9:4).

▣ "plead my case" This is also a court metaphor (BDB 936, KB 1224, Qal imperative). YHWH is the only fair and impartial judge! This same powerful court imagery is in Romans 8:31-39!

▣ "an ungodly nation" If it is true that Psalms 42 and 43 were originally one Psalm and that 42:6 means the author was in exile, then the "ungodly nation" would probably refer to Syria.

It is surprising that the next line uses the descriptive phrase, "the deceitful and unjust man!" One would have expected the plural and a description that focused on idolatry or aggression.

43:2 Life is hard, unfair, and problems come unexpectedly. All of us wonder why.

1. have I offended God

2. have I violated God's law

3. is this a judgment for sin or a random occurrence of evil events and people in a fallen world?

The psalmist asks "Why" (Ps. 43:2), so do all humans!

Remember this is OT Wisdom Literature, which is a genre well known in the ANE. It addresses questions all humans ask. For Israel, the questions are related to YHWH and His revelations through Moses. The OT does not answer all the questions in the same way as the NT. There is a change.

1. progressive revelation

2. new covenant

3. the mystery of evil

 

▣ "the God of my strength" This is a recurrent refrain (BDB 731, i.e., a place of safety or protection, often translated "refuge," cf. Ps. 27:1; 28:7-8; 31:2,4; 37:39; 52:7; Isa. 17:10; 25:4; 27:5; Jer. 16:19). Faithful followers can always know that YHWH is their hope, protection, and place of safety amidst the problems and conflicts of this fallen world. However, this peace must be embraced. It is a faith act and a worldview that is unrelated to the swirling circumstances of this present reality!

▣ "Why do I go mourning because of the oppression of the enemy?" This is very similar to Ps. 42:9.

NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: PSALM 43:3-4
 3O send out Your light and Your truth, let them lead me;
 Let them bring me to Your holy hill
 And to Your dwelling places.
 4Then I will go to the altar of God,
 To God my exceeding joy;
 And upon the lyre I shall praise You, O God, my God.

43:3 "send" This verb (BDB 1018, KB 1511, Qal imperative) is a prayer request which personifies YHWH's

1. light — BDB 21

a. as YHWH's favor — Ps. 4:6; 44:3

b. as a guide — Micah 7:8

c. as eschatological light — Isa. 9:2 (first coming of Jesus); Isa. 60:19-20 (second coming of Jesus)

2. truth — BDB 54 (see Special Topic at Ps. 12:1)

a. an attribute of YHWH often translated "faithfulness" — Ps. 40:10; 71:22; 115:1; 138:2

b. often personified as YHWH's agents or messengers — Ps. 40:11; 43:3; 57:3; 85:10; 89:14

Notice what "the light" and "the truth" are to do.

1. let them lead me — BDB 634, KB 685, Hiphil imperfect used in a jussive sense

2. let them bring me to Your holy hill — BDB 97, KB 112, Hiphil imperfect used in a jussive sense

 

▣ "holy hill" This is one of many ways to refer to the temple on Mt. Moriah in Jerusalem. It is also called (usually with the adjective "holy"):

1. Zion

2. house

3. sanctuary

4. habitation

5. temple

6. mountain

7. city of God

 

Here it is parallel to "Your dwelling places" (cf. Ps. 46:4; 84:1). The plural denotes all the buildings of the temple complex or the plural of majesty (cf. NIDOTE, vol. 2, p. 1132).

43:4 The psalmist desires to go (BDB 97, KB 112, Qal cohortative) to the temple and praise (BDB 392, KB 389, Hiphil imperfect used in a cohortative sense) God with his lyre (BDB 490, i.e., a stringed instrument, cf Ps. 33:2).

NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: PSALM 43:5
 5Why are you in despair, O my soul?
 And why are you disturbed within me?
 Hope in God, for I shall again praise Him,
 The help of my countenance and my God.

43:5 This is the repeated refrain from Ps. 42:5,11. This is what unifies these two psalms.

DISCUSSION QUESTIONS — see list at Psalm 42. These two Psalms are a literary unit.

Copyright © 2012 Bible Lessons International

Psalm 44

 

STROPHE DIVISIONS OF MODERN TRANSLATIONS

NASB NKJV NRSV TEV NJB
Former Deliverance and Present Troubles
MT Intro
For the choir director. A Maskil of the sons of Korah
Redemption Remembered in Present Dishonor Prayer For Deliverance From National Enemies A Prayer For Protection National Lament
44:1-3 44:1-3 44:1-3 44:1-3 44:1-2a
        44:2b-3
44:4-8 44:4-8 44:4-8 44:4-8 44:4-5
        44:6-8
44:9-16 44:9-16 44:9-12 44:9-12 44:9-10
        44:11-12
    44:13-16 44:13-16 44:13-14
        44:15-16
44:17-19 44:17-19 44:17-19 44:17-19 44:17-19
44:20-26 44:20-22 44:20-22 44:20-22 44:20-22
  44:23-26 44:23-26 44:23-24 44:23-24
      44:25-26 44:25-26

READING CYCLE THREE (see "Guide to Good Bible Reading")

FOLLOWING THE ORIGINAL AUTHOR'S INTENT AT PARAGRAPH LEVEL

This is a study guide commentary which means that you are responsible for your own interpretation of the Bible. Each of us must walk in the light we have. You, the Bible, and the Holy Spirit are priority in interpretation. You must not relinquish this to a commentator.

Read the chapter in one sitting. Identify the subjects (reading cycle #3). Compare your subject divisions with the five translations above. Paragraphing is not inspired, but it is the key to following the original author's intent, which is the heart of interpretation. Every paragraph has one and only one subject.

1. First paragraph

2. Second paragraph

3. Third paragraph

4. Etc.

 

CONTEXTUAL INSIGHTS

A. The opening strophes are contrasts between the failure of human plans and efforts and YHWH's effective and purposeful plans.

 

B. In a way this Psalm is similar to

1. Deuteronomy 32

2. Nehemiah 9

3. Psalm 78

which are the history of Israel's faithlessness and YHWH's faithfulness during the early years (exodus, wilderness, conquest, judges).

 

C. This Psalm obviously was written after Israel's experience of exile. Its focus is national not individual.

 

D. It must be stated again and again that YHWH has an eternal redemptive purpose. Please look at the following Special Topics online (www.freebiblecommentary.org).

1. YHWH's Eternal Redemptive Paln

2. Why Do OT Covenant Promises Seem So Different From NT Covenant Promises?

 

WORD AND PHRASE STUDY

NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: PSALM 44:1-3
 1O God, we have heard with our ears,
 Our fathers have told us
 The work that You did in their days,
 In the days of old.
 2You with Your own hand drove out the nations;
 Then You planted them;
 You afflicted the peoples,
 Then You spread them abroad.
 3For by their own sword they did not possess the land,
 And their own arm did not save them,
 But Your right hand and Your arm and the light of Your presence,
 For You favored them.

44:1-3 This strophe recounts (perfect verbs, cf. Deut. 32:7) all of YHWH's activities for Israel during the conquest of Joshua. This conquest fulfilled the promise of Gen. 15:12-21. Notice the Genesis passage emphasizes YHWH's role (i.e., holy war) in the promise. YHWH acted, Abraham slept! The conquest was YHWH's victory, not the Israelite military's (Ps. 44:3).

44:1 "we have heard" The Jewish annual feasts were occasions to instruct the new generations about God' saving activities (cf. Exodus 12; Deut. 6:20-25; note the recurrent phrase, "when your children ask. . .," cf. Exod. 12:26, 27; 13:14-15; Deut. 6:20-35; Jos. 4:6-7, 21-24). It is the spiritual responsibility of every generation of believers to instruct the new generation about God, His character, and redemptive acts.

44:2 "the nations. . .the peoples" This refers to the native tribes of Canaan. See Special Topic below.

SPECIAL TOPIC: The Pre-israelite Inhabitants of Palestine

▣ "You planted them" In context this still refers to the Canaanite tribes (cf. LXX). The OT viewed YHWH as the establisher of all people groups (cf. Deut. 32:8). Genesis 15:12-21 asserts that the inhabitants of Canaan were expelled because of their sins; when Israel sins she will be expelled also (cf. Psalm 78).

The TEV, REV, and NET Bible assume that verse 2 relates to

1. the Canaanite people, 44:2a,c

2. the Israelites under Joshua, 44:2b,d (cf. Exod. 15:17; Jer. 45:4)

 

44:3 It was not Israel's military but YHWH's power to accomplish His purposes that allowed Israel to leave Egypt, travel to Canaan, and dispossess the native tribes!

Notice the parallelism between

1. Your right hand

2. Your arm

3. the light of Your presence

Number 3 would refer to the Shekinah Cloud of Glory during the Wilderness Wandering Period.

▣ "You favored them" This is the purpose of YHWH's promise to Abraham.

1. a seed (i.e., descendants)

2. a land

a. Abraham — Gen. 12:7; 13:15; 15:18

b. Israel — Gen. 26:3

c. Jacob — Gen. 28:13

The verb "favored" (BDB 953, KB 1280, Qal perfect) denotes the covenant purpose (cf. Gen. 12:3) of bringing all peoples to Himself (see Special Topic: YHWH's Eternal Redemptive Plan at Psalm 2, Intro.). YHWH chose to use Abraham and his seed (cf. Deut. 4:37; 7:7-8; 10:15) to reach all the sons and daughters of Adam.

NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: PSALM 44:4-8
 4You are my King, O God;
 Command victories for Jacob.
 5Through You we will push back our adversaries;
 Through Your name we will trample down those who rise up against us.
 6For I will not trust in my bow,
 Nor will my sword save me.
 7But You have saved us from our adversaries,
 And You have put to shame those who hate us.
 8In God we have boasted all day long,
 And we will give thanks to Your name forever.  Selah.

44:4-8 If the first strophe, dominated by perfect verbs, denotes the past, this one, dominated by imperfects, denotes the present. Both deal with the concept of "holy war" or " God as Warrior." YHWH (or His name, Ps. 44:5,8) is the source of Israel's victories, not their military.

44:4 "You are my King" YHWH as king probably comes from 1 Sam.8:7. The Israelite king was only an earthly representative of YHWH's rule and reign (cf. Isa. 24:23; 52:7; 93:1; 96:10; 97:1; 99:1). In Jewish literature and ritual, YHWH is called "King of the Universe."

▣ "Command victories for Jacob" This is an imperative of request (BDB 845, KB 1010, Piel imperative.

The word "victories" is literally "salvation" (BDB 447). In the OT it denotes deliverance from physical problems and enemies.

It is possible that the ending letter on Elohim could go with the next word, making it "my Commander" (AB, p. 265), which would be parallel to "My King." AB thinks the next phrase should also be a parallel title, "the Savior of Jacob."

▣ "for Jacob" This is an allusion to YHWH's promises to the Patriarchs (i.e., Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, cf. Genesis 12-35). YHWH has an eternal revelatory, redemptive purpose for the whole world in which Israel and Jesus are key components (see Special Topic at Psalm 2, Intro.)!

44:8 Notice the parallelism of verse 8.

1. boasted — give thanks

2. all day long — forever

 

▣ "Selah" See Introduction to Psalms, VII and note at Ps. 3:2.

NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: PSALM 44:9-16
 9Yet You have rejected us and brought us to dishonor,
 And do not go out with our armies.
 10You cause us to turn back from the adversary;
 And those who hate us have taken spoil for themselves.
 11You give us as sheep to be eaten
 And have scattered us among the nations.
 12You sell Your people cheaply,
 And have not profited by their sale.
 13You make us a reproach to our neighbors,
 A scoffing and a derision to those around us.
 14You make us a byword among the nations,
 A laughingstock among the peoples.
 15All day long my dishonor is before me
 And my humiliation has overwhelmed me,
 16Because of the voice of him who reproaches and reviles,
 Because of the presence of the enemy and the avenger.

44:9-16 This strophe is a stark reversal of Ps. 44:1-3 and 4-8. Instead of YHWH fighting for Israel (i.e., 44:9b; Ps. 60:10; 108:11), He is fighting against them. It does not specifically mention why, but the problem was covenant disobedience and its consequences (cf. Leviticus 26; Deuteronomy 27-30).

The terrible consequences were not just military defeat but exile, slavery, humiliation!

44:9 "You have rejected us" This verb (BDB 276, KB 276, Qal perfect) is used often in the Psalms where YHWH rejects His covenant people (cf. Ps. 44:9,23; 60:1,10; 74:1; 77:7; 108:11). The reason why is the big question.

1. covenant disobedience (i.e., Leviticus 26; Deuteronomy 27-30)

2. their relationship with YHWH (i.e., Job, Psalm 73, Habakkuk)

3. a test of their loyalty not related to blessings (see SPECIAL TOPIC: GOD TESTS HIS PEOPLE at Ps. 11:4b-5)

The Psalm does not answer this, unless 44:22 is the key to the whole Psalm.

NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: PSALM 44:17-19
 17All this has come upon us, but we have not forgotten You,
 And we have not dealt falsely with Your covenant.
 18Our heart has not turned back,
 And our steps have not deviated from Your way,
 19Yet You have crushed us in a place of jackals
 And covered us with the shadow of death.

44:17-19 This strophe is an attempt to accept responsibility. Israel is claiming innocence.

1. we have not forgotten You

2. we have not dealt falsely with Your covenant

3. our heart (collective) has not turned back

4. our steps have not deviated from Your way

This claim of innocence is continued in the next strophe (cf. Ps. 44:20-22). This may be true for some Israelites but not for the majority of them, for the majority of their history (cf. Deuteronomy 32; Psalm 78; Nehemiah 9).

Verse 19 is theologically similar to Job where he was willing to make God look bad to enhance his own case. The psalmist is accusing God of acting against them in an unfair manner!

For a different interpretation see Derek Kidner, Tyndale OT Commentaries, vol. 15, pp. 185-186.

44:17 "Your covenant" See Special Topic at Ps. 25:10.

44:19

NASB, NKJV,
NRSV, NJB"jackals"
JPSOA, REB"sea monster"

The difference between these two is one consonant.

1. jackal — BDB 1072, תנים

2. sea monster — BDB תנין

The UBS Text Project (p. 237) gives "jackal" a "B" rating (some doubt). The JPSOA gives Ezek. 29:3; 32:2, as parallel passages for tannin (i.e., "sea monster," cf. Gen. 1:21; Job 7:12).

From the Canaanite literature desert creatures are often used as figurative language for the demonic of a nation (cf. Isa. 13:21-22; 34:11-15; Jer. 9:11; Mic. 1:8; Zeph. 2:4).

▣ "the shadow of death" See note at Ps. 23:4. YHWH has abandoned His covenant people to the demonic forces of pagan religions and the realm of death!

NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: PSALM 44:20-26
 20If we had forgotten the name of our God
 Or extended our hands to a strange god,
 21Would not God find this out?
 For He knows the secrets of the heart.
 22But for Your sake we are killed all day long;
 We are considered as sheep to be slaughtered.
 23Arouse Yourself, why do You sleep, O Lord?
 Awake, do not reject us forever.
 24Why do You hide Your face
 And forget our affliction and our oppression?
 25For our soul has sunk down into the dust;
 Our body cleaves to the earth.
 26Rise up, be our help,
 And redeem us for the sake of Your lovingkindness.

44:20 This is a specific denial of idolatry. They assert that if they were idolatrous, YHWH would surely have known (Ps. 44:21, cf. Ps. 7:9; 17:3; 26:2; 66:10; 139:23; Jer. 11:20; 17:10; 20:12).

▣ "extended our hands" This is literally "spread forth" (BDB 831, KB 975, Qal imperfect). This was a physical gesture of worship, usually denoting prayer (cf. Exod. 9:29; 2 Chr. 6:12; Ezra 9:5; Job 11:13; Ps. 28:2; 48:31; 88:9; 134:2; 141:2; 143:6), but could include offering (i.e., lifting up) some type of sacrifice (animal, incense, vegetable, or wine).

44:22 This is a claim, like Ps. 44:19, that YHWH has abandoned Israel (cf. UBS Handbook, p. 409). Paul makes use of this verse in Rom. 8:36, and seems to indicate that God's people face problems in a fallen world but He is with them and for them. Nothing can separate us from God's love in Christ (cf. Rom. 8:38-39).

▣ "for Your sake" Some have seen this phrase as the key theological thrust of the Psalm. God's people are persecuted, not because of their sin, but because of their relationship to Him. This motif is clearly seen in the life of Jesus.

I am just not sure there is enough textual evidence from this Psalm to make this claim!

44:23-26 This is seen as a separate strophe by NKJV, NRSV. There is a series of prayer requests (imperatives and jussives).

1. arouse Yourself, Ps. 44:23 — BDB 734, KB 802, Qal imperative, cf. Ps. 7:6; 35:23

2. awake — BDB 884, KB 1098, Qal imperative, cf. Ps. 35:23

3. do not reject us forever — BDB 276, KB 276, Qal imperfect used in a jussive sense, cf. Ps. 77:7

4. rise up — BDB 877, KB 1086, Qal imperative, cf. Ps. 3:7; 7:6; 9:19; 10:12; 17:13; 74:22; 82:8; 132:8

5. redeem us — BDB 804, KB 911, Qal imperative, cf. Ps. 25:22; 130:8 (see Special Topic at Ps. 19:14)

 

44:23 "why do You sleep, O Lord?" This is an idiomatic anthropomorphic phrase (cf. Ps. 78:65). YHWH (here called Adonia) does not sleep (cf. Ps. 121:4), but at times because of Israel's sin, He seems to remove Himself from fellowship with them (cf. Ps. 44:24-25).

For a good brief discussion see Hard Sayings of the Bible, "Does God Sleep?" (pp. 268-269).

44:24 "do not reject us forever" "Forever" is another idiom referring to fellowship (cf. Ps. 103:9). It seemed forever to them! But it was simply a period of disfellowship so as to engender repentance and restore long term fellowship.

44:25 This is imagery for people praying, either on their knees or prostrate on the ground. This was an unusual position of prayer, which was usually standing with hands lifted and eyes open, looking up. Solomon prayed on his knees (cf. 2 Chr. 6:13); Daniel prayed on his knees (cf. Dan. 6:10); Jesus prayed on His face in Gethsemane (cf. Matt. 26:39)! It is a way to denote intensity!

44:26 "for the sake of Your lovingkindness" YHWH acts for

1. His love for their fathers (i.e., the Patriarchs)

2. His promise to their fathers

3. His wider purpose of the Abrahamic covenant (cf. Gen. 12:3; see Special Topic at Psalm 2, Intro)

4. His covenant loyalty (see Special Topic at Ps. 5:7) to His word (cf. Ps. 6:4; 109:21,26; 119:149)

It was not because of Israel's goodness (cf. Deut. 9:4-6; Ezek. 36:22-38).

SPECIAL TOPIC: YHWH's GRACE ACTS TO ISRAEL

DISCUSSION QUESTIONS

This is a study guide commentary which means that you are responsible for your own interpretation of the Bible. Each of us must walk in the light we have. You, the Bible, and the Holy Spirit are priority in interpretation. You must not relinquish this to a commentator.

These discussion questions are provided to help you think through the major issues of this section of the book. They are meant to be thought-provoking, not definitive.

1. What aspect of the covenant is brought into question in this Psalm?

2. What does this Psalm teach about the political structure of Israel?

3. Why has Israel been defeated?

4. Why is God asked to respond?

 

Psalm 45

 

STROPHE DIVISIONS OF MODERN TRANSLATIONS

NASB NKJV NRSV TEV NJB
A Song Celebrating the King's Marriage
MT Intro
For the choir director; according to Shoshannim, A Maskil of the sons of Korah. A Song of Love.
The Glories of the Messiah and His Bride An Ode For a Royal Wedding A Royal Wedding Song Royal Wedding
45:1-2 45:1-5 45:1 45:1 45:1
    45:2-3 45:2-3 45:2
45:3-5       45:3a-4a
    45:4-5 45:4-5 45:4b-5
45:6-9 45:6-9 45:6-9 45:6-9 45:6-7a
        45:7b-8a
        45:8b-9
45:10-12 45:10-12 45:10-13a 45:10-12 45:10-13a
45:13-15 45:13-17 45:13b-15 45:13-15 45:13b-16
45:16-17   45:16-17 45:16-17  
        45:17

READING CYCLE THREE (see "Guide to Good Bible Reading")

FOLLOWING THE ORIGINAL AUTHOR'S INTENT AT PARAGRAPH LEVEL

This is a study guide commentary which means that you are responsible for your own interpretation of the Bible. Each of us must walk in the light we have. You, the Bible, and the Holy Spirit are priority in interpretation. You must not relinquish this to a commentator.

Read the chapter in one sitting. Identify the subjects (reading cycle #3). Compare your subject divisions with the five translations above. Paragraphing is not inspired, but it is the key to following the original author's intent, which is the heart of interpretation. Every paragraph has one and only one subject.

1. First paragraph

2. Second paragraph

3. Third paragraph

4. Etc.

 

CONTEXTUAL INSIGHTS

A. This Psalm is praising an Israeli King.

1. probably Solomon at the time of one of his marriages (NASB margin)

2. Ahab and his marriage to Jezebel (Jewish Study Bible, p. 1332)

3. David (Ibn Ezra)

4. Messiah (Ibn Ezra's second choice and the Church Fathers)

 

B. This Psalm has been viewed by some as Messianic (notice the capitalized pronouns) but only in a typological sense. Historically it fits

1. the hyperbolic royal language of the ANE

2. a marriage of Solomon would have been attended by the people groups his empire controlled

 

C. All Israeli Kings were meant to represent YHWH (cf. 1 Sam. 8:6-7). He is the King of the Universe and they are to lead His people (by example) in His law.

 

D. The NASB Study Bible (p. 784) assumes the author was a Levitical singer and that as such his song was considered as coming from the temple (i.e., from God Himself). This is how the fluidity of terminology between God and the King is to be explained.

 

E. The Psalm has

1. a related opening (Ps. 45:1-2) and close (Ps. 45:16-17)

2. an address to the king, Ps. 45:3-9

3. an address to the bride, Ps. 45:10-15

 

WORD AND PHRASE STUDY

NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: PSALM 45:1-2
 1My heart overflows with a good theme;
 I address my verses to the King;
 My tongue is the pen of a ready writer.
 2You are fairer than the sons of men;
 Grace is poured upon Your lips;
 Therefore God has blessed You forever.

45:1 The author describes himself to his readers (only here in the Psalter) in this verse.

1. his heart (i.e., he himself) overflows (BDB 935, KB 1222, Qal perfect; LXX has "erupts") with a good theme (i.e., praise for the King of God's people)

2. he writes to praise the King on his marriage

3. his tongue is the pen of a ready writer (i.e., [1] he was eager to praise the King or [2] he was a court poet or scribe, cf. Ezra 7:6)

 

45:2 He describes the King in poetic imagery.

1. he is fairer (i.e., "more handsome," cf. NRSV, TEV, NJB; this word [BDB 421, KB 421] is rarely used of men; it is in a rare form — Pealal perfect) than other men (lit. "the sons of men")

2. his speech is eloquent (TEV) and gracious (cf. Pro. 22:11; Eccl. 10:12); I think Ps. 45:4c is parallel

3. therefore, God has blessed You forever — two thoughts about this

a. be cognizant of ANE hyperbolic, royal language

b. be careful of cause and effect logic (i.e., YHWH blessed him because he acted appropriately). There is a tension in Scripture between God's sovereignty and human free will (see Special Topic at Ps. 25:12). Obedience is important but call is crucial. He was not King because he deserved it but by family line.

 

NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: PSALM 45:3-5
 3Gird Your sword on Your thigh, O Mighty One,
 In Your splendor and Your majesty!
 4And in Your majesty ride on victoriously,
 For the cause of truth and meekness and righteousness;
 Let Your right hand teach You awesome things.
 5Your arrows are sharp;
 The peoples fall under You;
 Your arrows are in the heart of the King's enemies.

45:3-5 This strophe is poetic imagery about the King's military victories. Notice he represents YHWH as he fights for the cause of (LXX)

1. "truth" (BDB 54)

2. "meekness" (unusual vowel pointing, BDB 776, cf. Pro. 15:33; 18:12; 22:4; Zeph. 2:3)

Notice the three imperatives and two jussives which reflect military imagery.

1. "gird Your sword on Your thigh" — BDB 291, KB 291, Qal imperative, Ps. 45:3, cf. Deut. 1:41; Jdgs. 3:16; 18:11; 1 Sam.17:39; 25:13

2-3. "ride on victoriously," Ps. 45:4

a. "be successful!" — BDB 852, KB 1026, Qal imperative

b. "ride" — BDB 938, KB 1230, Qal imperative

4. "let Your right hand teach," Ps. 45:4 — BDB 434, KB 436, Qal imperfect used in a jussive sense

5. "let the peoples fall under You," Ps. 45:5— BDB 656, KB 709, Qal imperfect used in a jussive sense

 

45:3 "Splendor" (BDB 217 I) and "majesty" (BDB 214) are often associated with God (i.e., Ps. 104:1). Notice how NASB capitalizes the pronouns in Ps. 45:2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9. But they are also used of the Israeli King (i.e., Ps. 21:5).

NASB, NKJV,
NRSV"O Mighty One"
TEV"Mighty King"
NJB"Warrior"
JPSOA"O hero"
REB"warrior king"
LXX"O powerful one"

This adjective (BDB 150) basically means "strong," or "mighty." It was used of

1. human warriors — Gen. 10:9; Ps. 78:65; 120:4; 127:4; Eccl. 9:11; Song of Songs 3:7

2. Messiah — Isa. 9:5 (David as type — Ps. 89:20)

3. YHWH as faithful covenant warrior (i.e., holy war) — Neh. 9:32; Ps. 24:8; Isa. 10:21; Jer. 32:18

In this context it refers to the Davidic King as victorious warrior, empowered by YHWH.

45:4-5 The pronouns are difficult to identify. 

1. some refer to God

2. some to the King

This same confusion is in verses 6-7. The problem is that the author is describing the King as a representative of YHWH Himself. It is obvious how early Christian authors (i.e., Heb. 1:8-9) saw this as a Messianic Psalm. For them the Messiah had come and the OT pointed to Him (i.e., Jesus).

45:4

NASB, NKJV"awesome things"
NRSV"dread deeds"
TEV"great victories"
JPSOA, REB"awesome deeds"
LXX"marvelously"

This participle (BDB 431, KB 432, Niphal participle) means "awe-inspiring deeds."

1. God Himself — Deut. 1:19; 7:21; 10:20-21

2. His deeds — 2 Sam. 7:23; Ps. 145:6 (splitting the Red Sea, Ps. 106:22)

 

NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: PSALM 45:6-9
 6Your throne, O God, is forever and ever;
 A scepter of uprightness is the scepter of Your kingdom.
 7You have loved righteousness and hated wickedness;
 Therefore God, Your God, has anointed You
 With the oil of joy above Your fellows.
 8All Your garments are fragrant with myrrh and aloes and cassia;
 Out of ivory palaces stringed instruments have made You glad.
 9Kings' daughters are among Your noble ladies;
 At Your right hand stands the queen in gold from Ophir.

45:6-9 Here again is a strophe that addresses both YHWH and His royal representative in a unified way.

45:6

NASB, NKJV,
NRSV, LXX"Your throne, O God"
NRSV margin"Your throne is a throne of God"
TEV"The kingdom that God has given you"
NJB"Your throne is from God"
JPSOA, RSV"Your divine throne"
REB"God has enthroned you"
NEB"Your throne is like God's throne"

You can see from the variety of translations that the Hebrew text is uncertain (JPSOA footnote). In a monotheistic (see Special Topic at Ps. 2:7) OT context this cannot be asserting deity to the King, but it is asserting that all the King is and has comes from his relationship to YHWH. The King is YHWH's earthly representative, as is the High Priest (cf. Zechariah 4).

YHWH's throne (cf. 1 Chr. 29:23; Lam. 5:19) is forever (cf. Ps. 93:2; see Special Topic at Ps. 9:5). The King's throne is for a lifetime. The Messiah is the special coming King (see Special Topic at Ps. 2:2). This phrase has one connotation in the OT and a fuller one in the NT!

45:7 One wonders if this is royal hyperbole or this Psalm truly addressed a godly King. If it is addressed to Ahab, it is royal hyperbole; if Solomon, it was true at first but not later; if David it was true at first and at last but not during his sinning period (i.e., Bathsheba, Uriah).

We must always be careful of attributing God's blessing based on human performance. God anointed the King for His own purposes of redemption and revelation (see Special Topic at Psalm 2 Intro.).

One last thought, verse 7 shows clearly that verse 6 is not attributing deity to an Israeli king. Hebrews 1:8-9 sees it as a Davidic royal typology!

As YHWH loves righteousness (cf. Ps. 11:7; 33:5), so too, should His earthly representative, the Israeli king (i.e., His anointed, cf. Ps. 2:2).

45:8

NASB, NKJV,
NRSV"cassia"
TEV, NJB,
REB -omit-

This spice (BDB 893 I) is mentioned only here in the OT. It may refer to a cinnamon fragrance.

45:9 Does this verse imply that at the current wedding there were already

1. royal daughters

2. other wives/concubines

3. a Queen (rare word, BDB 993, cf. Neh. 2:6) 

 

NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: PSALM 45:10-12
 10Listen, O daughter, give attention and incline your ear:
 Forget your people and your father's house;
 11Then the King will desire your beauty.
 Because He is your Lord, bow down to Him.
 12The daughter of Tyre will come with a gift;
 The rich among the people will seek your favor.

45:10-12 This is the strophe that implies the marriage was with a foreign lady, which fits

1. David — if Bathsheba was not Jewish

2. Solomon — with his many foreign wives (cf. 1 Kgs. 11:1-8)

3. Ahab — marrying Jezebel, a Tyrian princess (note Ps. 45:12)

 

45:10 This verse has four imperatives.

1. listen — BDB 1033, KB 1570, Qal imperative

2. give attention (lit. "see") — BDB 906, KB 1157, Qal imperative

3. incline your ear — BDB 639, KB 692, Hiphil imperative, cf. Pro. 22:17

4. forget your people — BDB 1013, KB 1489, Qal imperative

 

NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: PSALM 45:13-15
 13The King's daughter is all glorious within;
 Her clothing is interwoven with gold.
 14She will be led to the King in embroidered work;
 The virgins, her companions who follow her,
 Will be brought to You.
 15They will be led forth with gladness and rejoicing;
 They will enter in to the King's palace.

45:13-15 This refers to the wedding party from the harem ("virgins"). The other wives (besides the Queen) are called "daughters" (cf. Ps. 45:9,10,12,13).

This strophe was spiritualized by the Church to refer to herself! This was also done with Song of Songs (Canticles).

45:14

NASB, NKJV"within"
JPSOA"inside"

The MT has "within" (פנימה, BDB 819, LXX), but some scholars suppose "pearls" (פנינים, BDB 819, cf. Job. 28:18; Pro. 3:15; 8:11; 31:10; Lam. 4:7).

The UBS Text Project gives the MT an "A" rating.

NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: PSALM 45:16-17
 16In place of your fathers will be your sons;
 You shall make them princes in all the earth.
 17I will cause Your name to be remembered in all generations;
 Therefore the peoples will give You thanks forever and ever.

45:16-17 The UBS Handbook, p. 429, has a good summary.

"The poet concludes by addressing the king, promising him that he will have many sons who will, like his ancestors, also be kings and rule over the whole earth."

Verse 17 is a way of asserting that this Psalm will be around for a long time and keep the memory of the king alive.

DISCUSSION QUESTIONS

This is a study guide commentary which means that you are responsible for your own interpretation of the Bible. Each of us must walk in the light we have. You, the Bible, and the Holy Spirit are priority in interpretation. You must not relinquish this to a commentator.

These discussion questions are provided to help you think through the major issues of this section of the book. They are meant to be thought-provoking, not definitive.

1. Why is it thought this is a royal wedding song?

2. Does verse 6 refer to the Israeli king?

3. Why is it thought the bride is not from Israel?

4. Explain verses 16-17 in your own words.

5. Define "Your throne, O God" and explain how Hebrews 1:8-9 is using it.

6. Why is this Psalm thought to be Messianic?

 

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