John uses various metaphors to describe the relationship of Jesus to the spiritual needs of humanity. As bread gives us physical life, Christ gives us spiritual life.

Darkness and light are familiar metaphors in Scripture. Jesus brings spiritual illumination into each believer, enabling our own light “to shine before men.”

John uses the familiar image of the shepherd in order for his readers to fully comprehend the love and guidance of Christ for mankind. He is the Divine Shepherd who knows His sheep and gave His life for them.

The miracle in Bethany was Jesus’ public evidence for His statement that He was the Resurrection and the Life. This event was a preview of the coming event of Christ’s resurrection as well as a picture of the spiritual life Jesus brings to those who are spiritually dead.