Ubusonga Mu By’ukuri Kw’imana Binyuze Mu Ivugabutumwa (Igice cya 4)

Ibikunze kurwanya Ubutumwa Bwiza

Ibirwanya Ubutumwa ni ibyongerwa ku Butumwa bwo kwizera kwonyine Kristo wenyine. Abizera Umwami Yesu Kristo bose bafite uruhare rwo kuba abamuhagarariye. Turi ba ambasaderi ba Kristo bagomba gutanga ubuhamya ku Mukiza n'umurimo We.

Nubwo kujyana Ubutumwa mu ngo z'abantu ari bwo buryo busa n'aho bukora neza, hari n’ubundi buryo na bwo bukora neza. Tuvuze ku Butumwa, icyakora, hari Ubutumwa bumwe gusa (cyangwa Ubutumwa Bwiza) tugomba kwamamaza no gukomeza kuko dushingiye kuri Bibiliya. Nyamara usanga hariho guhuzagurika ku bikubiye no mu kuvuga Inkuru Nziza y'ubuntu bw'Imana muri Kristo n'umurimo We.

Ubutumwa bwacu ni Ubutumwa Bwiza bw'Umwami Yesu Kristo, Ubutumwa bw'agakiza binyuze muri We no mu murimo We. Ibi birasa n'ibyoroshye, ariko ntibyoroshye nk'uko bisa n'ibigaragara. Ubutumwa busanzwe, “izere Umwami Yesu Kristo uzakira,” bwarwanijwe kuva kera kugeza ubu. Kubera ko ubu Butumwa ari ubw'ingenzi ku gakiza, kuko havugwa ngo havumwe ababuvuga babugoretse cyangwa babuhindura (Abagalatiya 1:6-9), dukeneye kumenya ubwo Butumwa. Niba tugomba kuvugisha ukuri kuri Bibiliya no ku buntu bw'Umwami wacu, dukeneye kubasha gusangira n'abandi Ubutumwa mu buryo busobanutse no kureka kubugoreka.

Hanze y'inyigisho z’amahame zerekeye Kristo n'umurimo We, nta kuri kugera kure cyane mu nkurikizi zako kandi nta kintu cyashyigikirwa cyane kurusha uko agakiza k'agaciro katarondoreka gashyigikiwe, ku by'uruhare rw'umuntu mu kwizera Kristo Umukiza. Kuri iki cya ngombwa kimwe ntihakongerwaho ikindi hatabayeho kuvuguruza Ibyanditswe no kugoreka inyigisho y’amahame y'agakiza ku bw'ubuntu gusa. Kutamenya kwonyine cyangwa kutitondera SOTERIOLOJI (inyigisho zisobanura iby’agakiza) nyayo ni byo bituma hazamo inyigisho z’imirimo y'abantu n'ibihembo byayo,aho kuba ko bigomba gukorwa n'Imana ubwayo kandi ku bw'ihame ry'ubuntu bwayo busumba byose.¹⁹¹ (gushimangira ni ukwanjye).

Kuva mu minsi ya mbere y'itorero, itorero ryahuye n'ingorane z'abashakaga kwongera ku Butumwa Bwiza. Mu Byakozwe 15:1 dusoma aya magambo: “Nimudakebwa nk'uko umugenzo wa Mose uri, ntimubasha gukizwa.” Umurongo wa 5 utubwira ko bari abantu bo mu gice cy'Abafarisayo bari barizeye. Bari abayoboke b'itorero maze mu itorero ubwaryo haduka amacakubiri ku byerekeye kamere n'ibikubuye mu Butumwa Bwiza.

Ubutumwa Bwiza muri kamere yabwo ni Ubutumwa bushingiye ku Mana, ku buntu kandi butanga agakiza nk'impano ku buntu, itagira ikiguzi, ku bwo kwizera umurimo w'Imana mu Mwana aho kuba umurimo w'umuntu cyangwa imirimo yaba itegetswe n'idini n’ibyo kwitwara neza (1 Abakorinto 1:30; Yohana 4:10; Ibyakozwe 8:20; Abaroma 11:6; 15:15-18; Ibyahishyuwe 21:6). Kamere y'Ubutumwa, uko umuntu ateye (yapfiriye mu byaha kandi yavutse ari mu by'Umwuka [Abefeso 2:1; 1 Abakorinto 2:14; Yohana 9:39]), n'igikorwa cya Satani (2 Abakorinto 4:4; Yohana 8:43-45) ubu buba Ubutumwa bukomeye kwemerwa. Umuntu muri kamere atekereza ko agomba kwongera ikintu ku gakiza ke ngo kabe ari ak'ubuntu.

Nk'ingaruka, ibirego bimwe birwanya kwizera kwonyine muri Kristo: byitwa rimwe na rimwe “ubuntu butagira igiciro” cyangwa “kwizera kworoshye.” Ariko ibi ni ubupfu. Kuvuga “ukwizera kworoshye” akenshi bivugwa ku bigisha “kwizera kwonyine Kristo wenyine” ni ukuba izina ritari iryabo. Kwizera gusanzwe ntikworoheye umwana w'umuntu ushaka kwongera ikindi kintu ku murimo w'Imana. Byongeye kandi, agakiza muri Kristo ni ubuntu, ntigahendutse. Katwaye Imana urupfu rw'Umwana wayo, Umwami Yesu.

Inyigisho izibanda kuri bumwe mu buryo busanzwe Ubutumwa Bwiza bukunze kurwanywamo no kugorekwamo, akenshi, n'abantu bafite byiza kandi bataryarya. Iyi si ingorane nshya. Nk'uko byavuzwe haruguru, yari ingorane mu itorero rya mbere uhereye mu Byakozwe 15 kandi yakomeje kuba ingorane mu mateka y'itorero. Igihe nari muri seminari hagati muri za 60, umwe mu barimu banjye, Dr. S. Lewis Johnson, yigishije amasomo yerekeranye n’ ibi mu itorero aho umugore wanjye nanjye twari turi i Dallas, Texas. Cyari ikintu kivugwa icyo gihe, kiracyari ikintu ikintu gikomeye cyane n'uyu munsi, kandi kizakomeza kuba ikintu gikomeye kugeza Umwami agarutse.

Mu gihe impaka ku byerekeye “kwizera kwonyine Kristo wenyine” atari iza none, zagaruwe vuba aha imbere n'inyandiko no kubwiriza bya MacArthur, cyane cyane mu gitabo cye yise Ubutumwa uko Bwavuzwe na Kristo (The Gospel According to Jesus) aho yarwanije inyandiko za ba: Dr. Lewis Sperry Chafer, washinze Dallas Theological Seminary; Dr. Charles Ryrie, wanditse Bibiliya ifite ibisobanuro yise The Ryrie Study Bible n'ibindi bitabo birimo Teolojia y'Ibanze (Basic Theology) n'igitabo, Agakiza Kanini Gatyo (So Great Salvation), cyari cyaranditswe nk'igisubizo ku gitabo cya MacArthur kugira ngo asobanure neza aho agakiza ku buntu gahagaze; na Zane Hodges, wigeze kwigisha i Dallas, umwe mu bashyigikiye byimazeyo iby'agakiza ku buntu kandi wanditse igitabo Ku Buntu Gusa (Absolutely Free) n’ Ubutumwa Bwugarijwe (The Gospel Under Siege). Abandi bazwi bashyigikiye agakiza gatangwa n'Umwami ni Dr. J. I. Packer, uzwi cyane mu bitabo bye, Kumenya Imana (Knowing God), n’ Ivugabutumwa n'Ubusumba-byose bw'Imana (Evanglism and the Sovereignty of God), Dr. James Boice, wanditse Urufatiro rwo Kwizera kwa Gikristo (Foundations of the Christian Faith).

Mu gihe ibitabo bya MacArthur no kubwiriza bye byateye amaca-kubiri akomeye hamwe n'impaka nyinshi zabiturutseho, byagize ingaruka nziza kuko byatumye itorero rirushaho kwiga no gusobanura ibintu n'ibice abantu benshi badasobanukiwe, no gushyigikira ukwizera kurwanya iryo vuga-butumwa rigoramye ry'ibirwanya Ubutumwa Bwiza butagira inenge bw'ubuntu bw'Imana bwo kwizera kwonyine Kristo wenyine.

Ikirwanya Ubutumwa cya mbere:
“Izere kandi wihane ibyaha byawe”

Muri iki kiburwanya, kwihana gufatwa nk'igikorwa gitandukanye cyongerwa ku kwizera nk'ikintu cya ngombwa ku gakiza. Mu yandi magambo, aho kubona kwihana nko kuvuga kimwe no kwizera, umuntu akizwa no kwihana (bivuga aha kureka icyaha) no kwizera (gushyira ibyiringiro by'umuntu muri Kristo).

Ibintu bike bivugwa ni iby'agaciro kenshi ku bizera ko ijuru na gihenomu bibaho kurusha ikibazo cy'ibyo umuntu agomba gukora ngo abashe kwinjira mu ijuru. Ibisubizo kuri iki kibazo habamo hafi ya buri gihe kwihana. Mu mateka y'itorero hafi buri muhanga muri Teolojia yigishije ko kwihana ari ngombwa ngo umuntu akizwe gihenomu. Icyakora, ubusobanuro bwinshi butandukanye bwo kwihana bwaratanzwe.¹⁹²

Ijambo “kwihana” mu busobanuro bw'Icyongereza (cyangwa se Ikinyarwanda)

• Muri Bibiliya yitwa NASB, uburyo bumwe bw'ijambo (kwihana, wihana, wihannye, ukwihana, n'andi) buboneka inshuro 73 harimo 56 ziboneka mu Isezerano Rishya.
• Muri Bibiliya yitwa ASB, uburyo bumwe bw'iryo jambo buboneka inshuro 103 harimo 61 ziboneka mu Isezerano Rishya.
• Muri Bibiliya yitwa KJV, uburyo bumwe bw'iryo jambo buboneka inshuro 112 harimo 66 ziboneka mu Isezerano Rishya.
• Muri Bibiliya yitwa NIV, uburyo bumwe bw'iryo jambo buboneka inshuro 74 harimo 55 ziboneka mu Isezerano Rishya.
• Muri Bibiliya yitwa New KJV, uburyo bumwe bw'iryo jambo buboneka inshuro 72 harimo 58 ziboneka mu Isezerano Rishya.
• Muri Bibiliya yitwa RSV, uburyo bumwe bw'iryo jambo buboneka inshuro 99 harimo 59 ziboneka mu Isezerano Rishya.
• Muri Bibiliya yitwa New RSV, uburyo bumwe bw'iyro jambo buboneka inshuro72 harimo 57 ziboneka mu Isezerano Rishya.

Mu buryo busobanutse, kwihana ni ijambo rikomeye mu Byanditswe. Biragaragara ko, kubera gutandukana kuboneka mu mibare iri aha, amagambo uko yanditswe bwa mbere ntasobanurwa kumwe n'abasobanuye Bibiliya zitandukanye, kubera ko bamwe mu batizeraga ko ijambo ryacu ry’Icyongereza (cyangwa ry'Ikinyarwanda) kwihana buri gihe rivuga igiterezo nyacyo. Kuki? Kubera kwumva nabi iri jambo. Mu kuri, kubera ibitekerezo tuba twisanganiwe kuri iri jambo, akenshi “kwihana,” si bwo busobanuro bukwiriye.

Ibibazo by'ingenzi dukwiriye kwibaza

Ikibazo kiri aha ni: kwihana bivuga iki mu by'ukuri? Kandi hari ibindi bibazo by’ingenzi bisa n'iki. Mbese tugomba kwihana iki kandi ku bw'iki? Bivuga se kubabazwa n'ikintu twakoze? Bivuga se guterwa agahinda n'icyaha? Ese bijyana ku kureka icyaha? Ryrie yaranditse ati:

Kubera ko abenshi babona ko guterwa agahinda n'icyaha no kwihana ari bimwe, ikibazo cyashyirwa muri aya magambo ni, Kwihana gufite mwanya ki mu gakiza? Mbese kwihana kugomba kubanziriza kwizera? Mbese ni igice cyo kwizera cyangwa bivuga kimwe? Mbese umuntu yakizwa atihannye?¹⁹³

Ubusobanuro bw'ibanze cyangwa buhuriweho na benshi

Amagambo.menshi, niba atari yose, afite ubusobanuro bw'ibanze cyangwa ahuriweho na benshi bugomba gusobanurwa hakurikijwe igice ayo magambo aba arimo. Mu yandi magambo, igice amagambo abonekamo ni ngombwa ku gusobanukirwa amagambo menshi. Mu gice arimo amagambo menshi asobanuka vuba. Nta gice arimo ushobora kwumva nabi icyo avuga. Amagambo abiri amenyerewe gukoreshwa mu Cyongereza (trunk na bed) arabitwereka. Dushobora kuvuga ko umuntu yafunguye igihimba (trunk) cy'imodoka, umugobora (trunk) w'inzovu, igihimba (trunk) cy'umubiri w'umuntu, igihimba (trunk) cy'igiti, n'ikintu umuntu abikamo (mu cyongereza aha hose hakoreshwa ijambo rimwe, “TRUNK”. Bityo rero igice iryo jambo ribonekamo, ni cyo gifasha kurisobanukirwa). Cyangwa dushobora kuvuga tuti umuntu yakandagiye indyamo (bed), bishobora kuvuga aho indabo ziri (flower bed) , aho amashami aryamye (bed of leaves), uburiri (bed) turaramo (mu Cyongereza hose hakoreshwa ijambo rimwe “BED”). Ibikenewe ngo ubusobanuro bw'ijambo bwumvikane ni IGICE RIRIMO (andi magambo ari kumwe na ryo). Ibikurikira ni ingero ebyiri z’ibyitegererezo byo mu Byanditswe:

Agakiza

Ijambo “agakiza” ni Ikigiriki, soteria na soterion. Ubusobanuro bw'ibanze, butagoretswe bw'ijambo agakiza ni “kurokora” cyangwa “gukiza, gutabara.” Ariko tugomba kwibaza ikindi kibazo kuri ubu busobanuro bw'ibanze niba tugomba kwumva icyo busobanura mu gice iryo jambo riba ririmo: Kurokorwa mu biki? Mu Bafilipi 1:19 Pawulo akoresha “agakiza,” soteria, ashaka kuvuga kurokorwa mu buroko i Roma. Uretse Bibiliya yitwa KJV, ubundi busobanuro bwa Bibiliya bwinshi busobanura iri jambo nko “gutabarwa.” Muri icyo gice, agakiza ntikavuga kurokorwa igifungo cya burundu ngo ave muri ubwo buroko bw’i Roma. Ahubwo, birumvikana, mu bindi bice ko agakiza kerekeye ku kurokorwa igihano cy’iteka [Ibyakozwe 4:12] (Ryrie, urupapuro rwa 92).

Gereranya na Luka 1:71 ku byerekeye ugutabarwa amaboko y'abapagani, Ibyakozwe 7:25 herekeye ku kurokorwa mu Egiputa, Ibyakozwe 13:47 ukurikije igice herekeye ku gukizwa ibyaha no guhabwa impano y'ubugingo buhoraho.

Gucungura

Ku byerekeye ijambo “gucungura,” Ryrie yaranditse ati:

Gucungura bivuga iki? Bivuga “kugura ikintu.” Kugura iki, umuntu yakwibaza, kugira ngo abashe guhuza ubu busobanuro bw'ibanze no gukoreshwa kwa bwo mu gice cyihariye? Muri Matayo 13:44 umuntu yacunguye umurima; ni ukuvuga ngo, yarawuguze. Uku gukoreshwa nta sano gufitanye no gucungura Umwami yakoreye ku musaraba, nubwo ijambo rimwe rikoreshwa ku kwishyura yagiriye icyaha ubwo yapfaga (2 Petero 2:1). Ubusobanuro bw'ibanze bukomeza kuba bumwe ni : kugura - ijambo ryavuga kuriha ikiguzi cy'umurima cyangwa cy'icyaha.¹⁹⁴

Getreranya na Matayo 14:15 (kugura ibyo kurya); 21:12 (kugura mu rusengero); 1 Abakorinto 6:20; 7:23, (Kristo atanga ikiguzi cy'ugucungurwa kwacu ku musaraba).

Ubusobanuro bw'ibanze bw'aya magambo bukomeza kuba bumwe, gukiza ingorane z'umubiri cyangwa igihano cy'iteka, cyangwa kugura byaba ikiguzi cy'umurima, kugura ikintu mu isoko, cyangwa kuriha ikiguzi cy'ibyaha byacu. Icyakora, igice ririmo ni cyo cyerekana itandukaniro ku busobanuro nyakuri.

Birumvikana, uburyo bumwe bushobora gukoreshwa ku ijambo kwihana. Ikibazo cya mbere ni, Ijambo kwihana uko rikoreshwa mu Isezerano Rishya rifite ubuhe busobanuro? Ku bantu benshi, kwihana ririmo ibitekerezo bibiri: (a) guterwa agahinda n'ibyaha, n'ibishingiye kuri ibyo, (b) kureka ibyaha ukerekeza mu nzira yindi.

Ibi bitekerezo byombi, guterwa agahinda n'ibyaha no kuva mu byaha, byongerwa ku kwizera Kristo, cyangwa bigasobanurwa ko ibyo ari cyo ukwizera Kristo bivuga. Mu yandi magambo, ugomba kubabazwa n'ibyaha byawe, ukava mu byaha byawe, no kwizera Kristo ngo ubone agakiza. Hanyuma, ibyiyongereye kuri ibi ni ikintu cya kane - hagomba kubaho ubushake bwo gukomeza kuva mu byaha kuko bitabaye ibyo udashobora gukizwa cyangwa ngo ube ukijijwe bibaho.

Ubusobanuro bwo kwihana mu Isezerano Rishya

Amagambo y'Ikigiriki avugwa

Kubera ko .ko ijambo ry'Ikinyarwanda (kimwe n'iry'Icyongereza) ari ubusobanuro bw'Ikigiriki cyo mu Isezerano Rishya, dukwiriye kureba ku rurimi Bibiliya yanditswemo bwa mbere. Hari amagambo abiri y'Ikigiriki yo mu Isezerano Rishya asobanurwa ngo kwihana mu busobanuro bw'Icyongereza cy'ubu: metanoia ( ni uburyo bw'inshinga metanoeo) na metamelomai. Ijambo rya mbere risobanuwe rityo inshuro 58 mu Isezerano Rishya; iri rya nyuma inshuro 6 gusa.¹⁹⁵ Iyi nyigisho izibanda by'ibanze kuri metanoia.

Metamelomai rivuga “kwicuza, guhindura ibitekerezo,” ariko kubamo igitekerezo cy'agahinda si ngombwa. Risobanurwa ngo “kwicuza, guhindura ibitekerezo, kwumva wigaye” muri NASB na NIV, kandi mu bice byose aho rikoreshwa uretse kimwe, igitekerezo cy'ibanze ni uguhindura ibitekerezo (reba Matayo 21:29, 32; 27:3; 2 Abakorinto 7:8; Abaheburayo 7:21).

Metanoia, ijambo ry'ibanze, rivuga “guhindura ibitekerezo.” Ryerekeye ku gutekereza kw'abantu batekereza ko bafashe umugambi maze bakawukurikiza, bahinduka mu bitekerezo byabo. Bityo, igitekerezo cy'ibanze ni “guhindura ibitekerezo.” Ubu ni bwo busobanuro no gukoreshwa byaryo mu Isezerano Rishya n'ahandi. Ni uguhindura ibitekerezo kujyana ku gikorwa gitandukanye, ariko icyo gikorwa kigomba kugenwa n'igice ririmo. Mu gice cyerekeye kubabarira ibyaha cyangwa kwakira ubugingo buhoraho nk'impano iva ku Mana, igikorwa ni uguhindura ibyiringiro kubera umuntu aba abona Yesu wenyine nk'umuhesha gukizwa ibyaha.

Ryrie yaranditse ati:

Mu kwihana hashobora kubamo agahinda, ariko ubusobanuro bukurikije Bibiliya bwo kwihana ni uguhindura ibitekerezo, si ukubabara. Kandi uko guhindura ibitekerezo ntikugomba kuba ukw'inyuma, kugomba kuba ukwuzuye. Kuba hari agahinda cyangwa kadahari ntibigaragaza cyangwa ngo byerekugaragaza kwihana kwuzuye cyangwa kutuzuye.¹⁹⁶

Ako agahinda kagaragaza cyangwa katagaragaza ko kwihana kwuzuye cyangwa kutuzuye bigaragarira mu 2 Abakorinto 7:9-10. Agahinda gashobora gutera guhindura ibitekerezo byuzuye, cyangwa nk'ibya Yuda, ntibishoboke. Ikivugwa aha ni uko agahinda no kwihana bitavuga kimwe.

Ariko na none, uko uko guhinduka guteye n'igihinduka bigaragazwa n'igice ayo magambo arimo. Bityo ikindi kibazo kigomba kubazwa ni, Duhindura ibitekerezo byacu ku byerekeye iki? Mu gusubiza iki kibazo dukwiriye kwibanda ku busobanuro bw'ibanze bwo guhinduka kwihariye n'icyo ahindukaho.

Impamvu umuntu yihana

Abantu benshi muri iki gihe bafata kwihana no kwizera nk'ibintu bitandukanye bya ngombwa ku gakiza. Mu gitabo cye, Ivugabutumwa n'Ubusumba-byose bw'Imana (Evangelism and the Sovereignty of God), J. I. Packer yaranditse ati:

Igikenewe ni ukwihana kimwe no kwizera. Ntabwo bihagije kwizera ko ku bwa Kristo n'urupfu rwe abanyabyaha batsindishirizwa kandi bakemerwa....Kumenya Ubutumwa Bwiza, no kubwizera bitunganye, ntabwo bikuraho kwihana....Ahatari...ukumenya nyakuri ibyo Kristo asaba, nta kwihana kuhaba, kandi bityo nta gakiza kahaba.¹⁹⁷

Mbese ibi ni byo Bibiliya yigisha mu by'ukuri? Kwizera no kwihana ntibikoreshwa hamwe nk'aho ari ibya ngombwa bibiri bitandukanye ngo umuntu akizwe. Iyo tuvuga ibyo gukizwa igihano cy'iteka, kwihana (guhindura ibitekerezo) no kwizera bivuga kimwe. Lewis Chafer yaranditse ati:

Akenshi, iyo byemejwe - nk'uko biri aha - ko kwihana bitagomba kwongerwa ku kwizera nk'ibyangombwa ku gakiza bitandukanye, tuvuga ko kwihana atari ngombwa ku gakiza. Bityo rero, ni nk'uko ururimi rubishyira mu buryo bw'amahame, ko kwihana ari ngombwa ku gakiza kandi ntawe ubasha gukizwa atihannye, ariko ko kwihana kuri mu kwizera kandi ko bidashobora gutandukanywa.¹⁹⁸

Roy B. Zuck yaranditse ati:

Kwihana kuri mu kwizera. Kwizera no kwihana ni nk'impande ebyiri z'igiceri cy’ifaranga. Ukwizera kwuzuye kurimo kwihana, kandi kwihana kwuzuye kurimo kwizera. Ijambo ry'Ikigiriki ryo kwihana (metanoia) rivuga guhindura ibitekerezo. Ariko se guhindura ibitekerezo ku biki? Ku byaha, ku gutungana kw'umuntu ngo akizwe, ku byerekeye Kristo nk'inzira imwe rukumbi ijyana ku gakiza, Umwe Wenyine ushobora guhindura umuntu agakiranuka.¹⁹⁹

Luka avuga iby'inshingano ikomeye akoresha kwihana nk'icya ngombwa kimwe rukumbi mu buryo bumwe no kwizera Kristo (Luka 24:46-47). Nk'uko Dr. Ryrie avuga kuri uyu murongo, “Biragaragara, uko kwihana ngo umuntu ababarirwe ibyaha bishingiye ku gupfa no kuzuka bya Kristo.”²⁰⁰ Kwihana guturuka k'ukwemera ibyaha by'umuntu, ariko ikivugwa mu kwihana ni Kristo n'umurimo we, cyangwa kwizera Kristo. Igitangaje, muri Luka 8:12 akoresha kwizere kwonyine, “Izo mu nzira, abo ni bo bumva Ijambo; hanyuma umwanzi akaza, agakura Ijambo mu mitima yabo, kugira ngo batizera ngo bakizwe.”

Kugereranya ibi n'ibindi bice bishyigikira mu buryo budasubirwaho ko kwihana akenshi ari ukwizera Kristo n'umurimo We, gereranya n'Ibyakozwe 10:43 hamwe na 11:17-18; 13:38-39 hamwe na 2:38. Reba na none Ibyakozwe 16:31 hakoresha “kwizera” kwonyine.

Umuganbi uvugwa mu Butumwa Bwiza uko bwanditswe na Yohana ni ukuzana abantu mu kwizera Kristo (20:31), ariko Yohana ntiyigeze akoresha ijambo kwihana, haba na rimwe. Niba kwihana, iyo gukoreshejwe hamwe n'agakiza k'iteka, ari ikintu cya ngombwa gitandukanye no kwizera Kristo, bityo Yohana ntiyaba atanga Ubutumwa bwuzuye. Kandi niba ushobora kwizera ibyo, ushobora no kwizera ikibonetse cyose. Mu kuvuga ku by'uko Yohana adakoresha ijambo kwihana mu Butumwa Bwiza bwe, Ryrie yaranditse ati:

Nyamara Yohana yari afite umwanya ukwiriye wo kuba yakoresha iryo jambo mu byo atugezaho Umwami yakoze mu bugingo bwe. Byashoboraga kuba byiza kurushaho gukoresha kwihana mu nkuru y'ibiganiro Umwami yagiranye na Nikodemu. Ariko kwizera ni ryo jambo ryakoreshejwe (Yohana 3:12, 15). Bityo, niba Nikodemu yaragombaga kwihana, kwizera kuvuga kimwe no kwihana; biti ihi se, ni gute Umwami yaba yarabuze gukoresha ijambo kwihana mu gihe bavuganaga? Mu kuvugana na wa muSamariyakazi w'indaya, Kristo ntiyigeze amubwira kwihana. Yamubwiye gusaba (Yohana 4:10), kandi mu gihe ubuhamya bwe n'ubwa Kristo bwamamaye mu Basamariya, Yohana ntavuga ko bihannye ahubwo ko bizeye (imirongo ya 41-42). Hari izindi nshuro 50 z'ijambo “kwizera” mu Butumwa bwa Yohana, ariko nta na rimwe hakoreshejwe “kwihana.” Ahakomeye cyane ni muri Yohana 20:31: “Ariko ibi byandikiwe kugira ngo mwizere...kandi ngo, nimwizera, muherwe ubugingo mu izina rye.”²⁰¹

None bite by'Ibyakozwe 20:21? “…Nahamirije Abayuda n'Abagiriki imbere y'Imana, no kwizera Umwami Yesu Kristo.” Bamwe bashora kuvuga bati, “Mbese iki gice nticyigisha ko kwizera no kwihana atari amagambo avuga kimwe kandi ko kwihana ari icya ngombwa kindi? OYA! Pawulo ahinira mu nshamake umurimo we mu Efeso kandi ni byo yahamirije Abayuda n'Abagiriki, cyane cyane kwihana imbere y'Imana no kwizera Umwami wacu Yesu Kristo. Aya magambo yombi, kwihana no kwizera, ahujwe n'indangajambo imwe mu Kigiriki yerekana ko adashobora gutandukanywa, n'ubwo rimwe ukwaryo ryekeye ku gitandukanye cy'icya ngombwa ku gakiza, ni ukuvuga kwizera Kristo.

Uyu murongo dushobora kuwusobanura dutya tudatandukiriye, “Guhamiriza ushize amanga...guhinduka kw'ibitekerezo ku byerekeye Imana, no kwizera Umwami wacu Yesu Kristo.” Kwihana, metanoia, ryerekeye ku guhindura ibitekerezo by'umuntu bigatandukana n'uko yari asanzwe atekereza Imana no kutizera Imana cyangwa imyizerere mibi (imana nyinshi n'ibigirwamana) ku byerekeye Imana (reba 1 Abatesalonike 1:9). Mu rundi ruhande, kwizera Kristo, nk'ibigaragaza guhindura ibitekerezo, byerekeye ku nzira nshya guhindura ibitekerezo kugomba gufata, ni ukuvuga, kwiringira Umwana w'Imana nk'Umukiza w'umuntu ku giti cye.

Na none byaravuzwe muri iyi nshamake Pawulo yibanda ku bya ngombwa bitandukanya Abapagani n'Abayuda. Abapagani basengaga imana bari bakeneye guhindura ibitekerezo byabo by'imana zabo bakamenya ko habaho Imana imwe y'ukuri. Abayuda bari bakeneye guhindura ibitekerezo byabo kuri Yesu no ko ari We Mesiya w'ukuri.²⁰²

Gukoreshwa kw’Ijambo “kwihana” mu Isezerano Rishya

Rivuga kimwe n'agakiza k'iteka

Metanoia rikoreshwa rimwe na rimwe nk'irivuga kimwe n'agakiza k'iteka. Ni mu buryo ijambo rikoreshwa mu mwanya w'irindi kubera uburyo bivuga kimwe. Harimo uburyo bw'ingaruka z'ikintu n'impamvu igitera. IMPAMVU ni uguhinduka kw'ibitekerezo ku byerekeye Kristo n'Ubutumwa Bwiza bwe. INGARUKA ni agakiza k'iteka.²⁰³ (Gereranya na 2 Petero 3:9; 1 Timoteyo 2:4; Luka 5:32).

Kwihana kudakiza (metamelomai)

Muri ibi dushobora gushyiramo kwihana mu buryo bwo kwicuza, mu gukoresha metamelomai. Ubu buryo bwo kwihana ni ukwihana cyangwa guhindura ibitekerezo kutajyana ku bugingo buhoraho cyangwa ku migisha y'iteka ishakwa. Ingero ebyiri ni Yuda (Matayo 27:3) na Esau (Abaheburayo 12:17). Gereranya na none na Matayo 21:28-31.

Kwihana gukiza

Kwihana gukiza ni uguhindura ibitekerezo guterwa n'agakiza k'iteka. Ibi birimo guhindura ibitekerezo ku byerekeye umuntu ku gite cye, ku byerekeye kamere nkora-cyaha y'umuntu no kutagira icyo abasha ubwe hamwe no guhindura ibitekerezo ku byerekeye Kristo, ko ari Umukiza na Mesiya kandi umwe rukumbi tuboneramo agakiza (Ibyakozwe 2:38; 17:29-31). Kwihana gukiza kuvuga guhindura ibyo wiringiye; bivuga kureka kwiyizera tukizera Kristo - kwizera kwonyine Kristo wenyine. Igitangaje muri ibi ni uko ukundi kubona kwizera kwose kuba kutemewe na Bibiliya kubera ko kugarukira ku kwiyizera umuntu ubwe. “Muri ubu buryo metanoia igaragara nk'ivuga kimwe na pistis (kwizera).²⁰⁴

Uko umuntu anyura mu kwihana kwa gikristo

Kwihana kwa gikristo ni uguhindura ibitekerezo ku byerekeye imyifatire nkora-cyaha. Urugero rw'ubu buryo bwo kwihana buboneka mu 2 Abakorinto 7:8-11; 12:21; Ibyahishuwe 2:5, 16, 21; 3:3, 19. Mu buryo akoresha lupeo (kubabaza, guteza agahinda) na metamelomai, 27:8-11, Pawulo yerekana neza ko metanoia bitavuga gupfa kubabazwa n’ibyo umuntu aba yakoze, ahubwo ko birimo guhindura ibitekerezo.

Nubwo nabateje agahinda (lupeo) mu rwa rwandiko, sinicuza (metalomai). Kandi n'ubwo nabyicuzaga (metalomai) - mbonye y'uko urwo rwandiko rwabateye agahinda, n'ubwo kari ak'umwanya muto gusa, kagashira - none ndishimye; icyakora sinshimishijwe n'uko mwagize agahinda (lupeo), ahubwo n'uko ako gahinda (lupeo) kabateye kwihana (metanoia); kuko mwagize agahinda (lupeo) ko mu buryo bw'Imana, ngo mutagira icyo mubura ku bwacu. Agahinda (lupe) ko mu buryo bw'Imana gatera kwihana (metanoia); kuticuza (metamelomai) na ko kukazana agakiza: ariko agahinda (lupe) ko mu buryo bw'isi gatera urupfu. Aho ntimubona ako gahinda (lupeo) ko mu buryo bw'Imana uburyo kabateye umwete mwinshi ungana utyo, ukabatera kwiregura, no kurakara no gutinya n'urukumbuzi, n'ishyaka, no guhora! Muri byose mwiyerekanye ko muboneye muri ibyo (2 Abakorinto 7:8-11).

Wilkin yaranditse ati:

Hamwe na hamwe metanoia ikoreshwa aho guhindura ibitekerezo kuvugwa kugaragara ko ari kwerekeranye n'imiberaho nkora-cyaha. Urugero, muri Luka 17:34 Yesu yigishije abigishwa ko bagombaga kubabarira ababacumuyeho bose igihe cyose baje bakabereka ko bahinduye ibitekerezo byabo ku byerekeye ibyaha byabo. Muri ubu buryo n'ubundi busa na bwo “kwihana” kwaba ari ubusobanuro bwiza.²⁰⁵

Umusozo

Ryrie yaranditse ati:

Tugarutse ku ngingo y'ingenzi y'iki gice: Mbese kwihana gutera kubona ubugingo buhoraho? Yego, iyo ari ukwihana cyangwa guhindura ibitekerezo by'umuntu ku byerekeye Yesu Kristo. Ni oya, iyo bivuga kubabazwa n'icyaha cyangwa se gufata umugambi wo kuva mu cyaha, kuko ibi bintu bidashobora gukiza. Mbese kwihana kubanziriza kwizera? Oya, n'ubwo kwemera icyaha no kukireka bishobora gukoreshwa n'Umwuka kuzana umuntu ku Mwami no ku gakiza. Kwihana gushobora gutegura inzira y'agakiza, ariko kwizera ni kwo gukiza, si ukwihana (keretse kwihana kwumviswe nk'ukuvuga kimwe no kwizera cyangwa guhindura ibitekerezo by'umuntu ku byerekeye Kristo).²⁰⁶

Inkuru ya gatatu mu rutonde rw'inkuru nziza cyane ku byerekeye ubusobanuro bwo kwihana, Wilkin yaranditse ati:

Iyaba twashoboraga kwongera gusobanura Bibiliya, byagombye gutuma kwigisha no kubwiriza ukoresheje ibice birimo metanoia byoroha. Byakuraho gushoberwa benshi bagira iyo basoma Bibiliya zabo bakagera ku ijambo kwihana...

Ahenshi iyo ijambo kwihana mu Cyongereza (no mu Kinyarwanda) rikoreshejwe mu Isezerano Rishya riba risobanura metanoia. Metanoia ntirivuga kimwe n'ijambo shub ryo mu Isezerano Rya Kera. Ntirivuga bibaho igihano, cyangwa ngo rivuge “kwihana.” Ahubwo, mu Isezerano Rishya rikomezanya ubusobanuro bwaryo bwa mbere ya Kristo bwo guhindura ibitekerezo. Bityo rero usoma Icyongereza (n'Ikinyarwanda) yagombye gusoma “guhindura ibitekerezo” - si ukuva mu byaha. Igice kigomba gusuzumwa ngo umuntu amenye niba ikivugwa ari uguhindura ibitekerezo. Ahantu ho ijambo kwihana risobanura neza mu Icyongereza (n’Ikinyarwanda) ni iyo risobanura metanoia (guhinduka) ya kamere nkora-cyaha. Guhindura ibitekerezo ku byerekeye kamere nkora-cyaha ni kimwe no kuvuga kwihana.²⁰⁷

Icya kabiri kirwanya Ubutumwa:
“Izere kandi ugire Kristo Umwami wawe”

Ibirwanya Ubutumwa bisa n'iki bishobora no kubamo “kwizera hamwe no kwitanga” no “kwizera hamwe no kwiyegurira Imana.”

Nyakwigendera H. A. Ironside avuga inkuru y'umugore w'umumisiyoneri wakoresheje igihe kirekire ngo ageze ku Mukiza umwana wo muri Irlande.

Yarezwe nk'umugatulika, agatekereza kandi akavuga ibya penetensiya no kwicuza ibyaha, iby'amasakaramentu na Kiliziya, ariko yari kure ya Yesu Kristo n'umurimo We ukuraho ibyaha.

Igitondo kimwe igihe uwo mugore yongeraga kumusura, yasanze mu maso he hanejerejwe n'ibyishimo yabonye bishya. Amubajije impamvu, amusubizanya ibyiringiro ati navutse ku bwo kwizera Ijambo ryahishuwe ry'Imana, “Nari nsanzwe nzi ko Kristo ari ngombwa, ariko kugeza ejo sinari narigeze kumenya ko ahagije!”

Navumbuye ikintu cy'imigisha, kandi ndifuza ko buri musomyi w'aya magambo yamaze kukivumbura. Byumve neza; Yesu arahagije! “We, uva ku Mana, yaduhindukiye ubwenge buva ku Mana, no gukiranuka, no kwezwa, no gucungurwa.” “Mwuzuriye muri We.” Imana yatwemereye mu Mukunzi wayo.” Aya ni make mu magambo y'ingenzi y'Ibyanditswe byerekana ko Yesu atari ngombwa gusa, ahubwo ko ahagije.

Murabona ko atari Kristo hamwe n'ibikorwa byiza, cyangwa Kristo hamwe n'itorero, bikiza. Si ku bwa Kristo hamwe n'umubatizo cyangwa Kristo no kwicuza, tugomba kubona imbabazi z'ibyaha byacu. Si Kristo hamwe no gukora uko dushoboye, cyangwa Kristo n'ifunguro ryera, bizaduha ubugingo bushya. Ni Kristo wenyine.

Kristo hamwe na...ni ubutumwa bugoretse butari Ubutumwa Bwiza. Kristo udakeneye kuba “hamwe” ni We mizero y'abanyabyaha n'ibyiringiro by'abera. Iyo umwiringiye, ubugingo buhoraho no kubabarirwa ibyaha biba ibyawe. Nyuma y’ibyo nibwo imirimo myiza no kwumvira ibyanditswe mu Ijambo ry'Imana byose mu kuyoborwa kwa gikristo, bigomba kuza. Umutima ukijijwe uhugurirwa gukomeza imirimo myiza, no kwerekana urukundo umuntu akunda Kristo. Ariko ku bw'agakiza ubwako, Yesu si uwa ngombwa gusa, ahubwo arahagije.²⁰⁸

Intumwa Pawulo yabwiye Tito iti, “Kandi abacu nabo bige kumaramaza imirimo myiza, babone uko bakenura ababikwiriye, kugira ngo abantu bacu be kugumbaha” (Tito 3:14). Petero mu buryo nk'ubwo yashishikarije abasomyi be kugira imirimo myiza (reba 2 Petero 1:8-11). Bityo rero birashoboka, kandi ni koko, iyo abakristo badakura imbaraga zabo ku Mwami, baragumbaha. Byongeye, kuba impuguro yo mu Baroma 12:1 iboneka mu gice cya 12 ntihabe mu gice cya 3 cy'Abaroma, byerekana neza ko umuntu ashobora kuba umwizera akananirwa kwiyegurira ubwami bwa Kristo. Byerekana ko ubwami bwa Kristo atari kimwe mu bikenewe ngo umuntu akizwe. Iyaba byari byo, byaba ari ukuvuga ko Intumwa ziyibagiwe ntizishyiremo. Iby'ukuri ni uko, icyakora, nta n’umwe wiyeguriye ubwami bwa Kristo byuzuye. Hahoraho uburyo bwo kurushaho.

Ariko bamwe bavuga ngo kugira ngo nkizwe, singomba kwizera Kristo; ngomba no kwiyegurira ubwami bwa Kristo cyangwa sinshobora cyangwa se sinigeze ngira umurimo nyawo w'ubuntu mu bugingo. Abashyigikiye ibyo gukizwa ku bwo kwiyegurira ubwami bwabemeza ko umuntu agomba kumwegurira buri gace k'ubugingo kuyoborwa na Kristo ngo abashe gukizwa. Biremerwa ko ntawe kwakira Kristo nk'Umukiza utuvana mu byaha atanamwemeye ngo abe Umwami w'ubugingo bwe bwose. Ni kuki iki gitekerezo kiriho? Akenshi, gishyigikirwa kubera kwibaza impamvu abantu benshi bavuga ko ari abakristo ariko bakagira ibintu bike byerekana ko ubugingo bwabo bwahindutse. Ariko

Ku byerekeye kwizera ko tugomba kwongera ku kwiyegurira Ubutumwa, dukeneye kwibaza ikibazo cy'ingenzi. Niba nta n'umwe witanga 100%, kwitanga guhagije ngo umuntu akizwe kwangana gute? Ese kwaba 5%, 10%, 20%? Ese ni byiza kwitanga buke ariko atari cyane? Icyo se ni cyo kivugwa? Mbese ibyaha byose ntibinanirwa gushyikira ubwiza bw'Imana? Ese ahari si yo mpamvu Kristo yagombye gupfira ibyaha byacu mbere ya byose?

Bamwe mu bashyigikiye ibyo kwitangira ubwami bwa Kristo bashobora gusubiza batya, “Ugomba kugira ubushake bwo kwicisha bugufi nubwo nta n'umwe witanga 100%.” Na none dukeneye kwibaza tuti, “Tugira ubushake dute?” Murabona ibyo tugeramo iyo dutekereje dutyo? Ibyanditswe Byera ntibyigisha igitekerezo nk'icyo! Yego, bisaba umwana w'umuntu kwegurira ubugingo bwe Kristo nk'Umwami, ariko si nk'uburyo bwo kubona ubugingo buhoraho. Bibiliya yigisha ko agakiza kazanwa no kwizera kwonyine Kristo wenyine. Kuri uyu mutego, Chafer afatanyije naWalvoord baranditse bati:

Mu kuvuga Ubutumwa biba umutego gushaka kubwira abantu kutizera gusa ahubwo ngo kwongeraho kwiyegurira Imana kubera ko uko byumvikana ari yo ntego y'ibanze y'agakiza kabo. Icyakora, mu gusobanura amagambo y'agakiza ibi bizana umurimo w'umuntu udasobanutse nk'uwa ngombwa ku gakiza kandi Bibiliya itabyigisha.²⁰⁹

Agakiza kazanwa no kwiyegurira ubwami bwa Kristo

Mu gihe hari ibice bitandukanye mu bavuga ibyo kwiyegurira Umwami, abashyigikiye iby'agakiza kazanwa no kwiyegurira ubwami basa n'abizera ibintu bitatu:

1. Kugira ngo umuntu abone ubugingo buhoraho bisaba ibirenze kwiringira Kristo

Kimwe cyangwa byinshi mu bikurikira na byo ni ibitanga ubugingo buhoraho: kuva mu byaha, kugira ubushake bwo kuva mu byaha, kwitanga kwuzuye (100%) cyangwa se kwegurira Kristo ubugingo, kwumvira, no kwihanangirira mu kwizera. Bamwe bashyira umubatizo mu rutonde rwabo.

2. Icya ngombwa ngo umuntu abashe kwihangana

Ikindi gitekerezo gishyigikirwa ni ukuvuga ngo niba utihangana, bivuga ko waba utarakizwa, cyangwa kwizera kwawe kukaba kwari ukw'ubwenge bw'iyi si, cyangwa ukaba warataye agakiza kawe.

Nta gushidikanya bitewe n'uko Ibyanditswe byibanda cyane ku kwizera kwiringira Kristo ku bw'agakiza (hafi y’ibice 150 byose), abashyigikiye kwiyegurira ubwami bisanga ubwabo mu ruhiragiro. Akenshi bongera gusobanura ukwizera gukiza nk'ukugizwe n'ibice byinshi birimo uburyo butandukanye bw'ibikorwa nk'ikigaragaza ukwizera nyakuri. Ibi bibashyira mu kwivuguruza. Reba ibigaragaza kwivuguruza mu Kwatura Imyizerere (Confession de Foi) kw'itorero ryigisha agakiza kazanwa no kwemera ubwami bwa Kristo. Kwatura Imyizerere kubanzirizwa n'aya magambo:

“N'ubwo hari ibintu byinshi biri mu kwizera gukiza, Ibyanditswe byigisha byeruye ko atari umurimo, ahubwo uko kwizera gushingiye kandi gushikamye mu buntu bw'Imana.”

Ariko hanyuma kwizera gusobanurwa mu buryo kubamo ibikorwa. Dukurikije uko Kwatura Imyizerere, kwizera gukiza kurimo:

• Ubumenyi bw'Ibivugwa - Kwizera kugomba gushingira ku bikubiye mu Ijambo ry'Imana.
• Kwemera ubwo Bumenyi - Umuntu agomba kwemera ko ibivugwa mu Byanditswe ari ukuri.
• Kwihana - Hagomba kubaho kuva mu byaha ugahindukirira Imana.
• Kwicisha Bugufi Imbere ya Kristo - Hagomba kubaho kwicisha bugufi imbere ya Kristo n'ubushake bwe hamwe n'ubushake bwo kumwumvira.

Mu gihe ubugingo bushya bugomba kugaragarira mu guhinduka cyangwa ibikorwa byiza, ibikorwa mu bugingo bw'umukristo nko kuva mu byaha ni ingaruka yo gusabana n'Umukiza cyangwa ubugingo bwuzuye, bwuzuye Ijambo ry'Imana. Ni ingaruka zo kuguma mu muzabibu. Ukwizera kwa mbere gutera umuntu mu muzabibu, ariko ni kwo kubyara imbuto. Iyo ni yo mpamvu Yesu yashishikarije abigishwa be kugumamo. Tutarimo, twaba ingumba.

3. Amasezerano yo mu Ijambo ry'Imana ntabwo ahagije ko umuntu agira ibyiringiro

Ku by'ibyiringiro by'agakiza, ubyizera agomba no kureba ku bikorwa bye. Bavuga ko abizera badakura ibyiringiro by'agakiza 100% mu kureba ku masezerano yo mu Ijambo ry'Imana. Mu by'ukuri, abenshi niba hafi atari bose muri iyi nyigisho bavuga ko ibyiringiro byuzuye 100% bidashoboka kubera ko nta n'umwe ufite ibikorwa bitunganye kandi nta n'umwe uzi niba azabasha kwihangan.

Mike Cocoris, umwe mu bo twiganye muri Dallas Theological Seminary yanditse ku kiganiro yagiranye n'umwe mu bashyigikiye kwiyegurira ubwami bwa Kristo atya:

Hambere aha nagiranye ikiganiro kirekire n'ushyigikiye ukwiyegurira ubwami bwa Kristo ku byerekeye ikibazo, “Nakora iki ngo nkizwe?” Naje kumubaza nti, “Ngejeje umuntu kuri Kristo iri joro, mbese uyu muntu yataha imuhira, akisegura umusego we, maze akamenya by'ukuri ko agiye mu ijuru”? Umuntu twavuganaga ansubizanya ubukana ati, Oya!²¹⁰

Ariko ibi bitandukanye n'amagambo asobanutse yo muri 1 Yohana 5:11-13.

Kandi uko guhamya ni uku: ni uko Imana yaduhaye ubugingo buhoraho, kandi ubwo bugingo bubonerwa mu Mwana wayo. Ufite uwo Mwana ni we ufite ubwo bugingo: naho udafite uwo mwana nta bugingo afite. Ibyo ndabibandikiye, mwebwe abizeye izina ry'Umwana w'Imana kugira ngo mumenye ko mufite ubugingo buhoraho (ugushimangira ni ukwanjye).

Abantu bakunze kutibanda ku Butumwa bwa Yohana nk'uko bibanda ku bwa Matayo, Mariko, na Luka, n'inzandiko zo mu Isezerano Rishya mu gushyiraho Ubutumwa Bwiza cyangwa inyigisho y’amahame y'agakiza. Ibi biratangaje cyane kuko Ubutumwa busa (synoptique) bwa Matayo, Mariko, na Luka, bwibanda ku guhindura abantu abigishwa, kandi kubera ko Yohana atubwira yeruye ko intego y'Ubutumwa ari uko abantu bizera Kristo bagaherwe ubugingo mu izina rye (Yohana 20:31).

Uko tubona agakiza gatangirwa ubuntu:

Ikintu cya ngombwa ku bugingo buhoraho ni ukwizera Yesu Kristo wenyine nk'Umukiza w'umuntu ku giti cye. Kristo arahagije! Ibi bivuga kwizera Kristo n'umurimo wuzuye We nk'Imana-muntu wapfuye ku bw’ibyaha byacu nk'ishingiro rukumbi ry'agakiza k'umuntu. Nta na kimwe mu byo umuntu yongera ku kwizera gitanga ubugingo. Ni ubupfu kuvuga ku gakiza kadusaba ikindi cyangwa kaduha ikindi kintu cyo gukora ngo tubone agakiza (Abaroma 4:1-6; 11:6).

Amasezerano yo mu Ijambo ry'Imana ashingiye ku murimo wuzuye wa Kristo uhagije ku byiringiro by'agakiza (reba Yohana 6:37-40). Mu gihe ibikorwa by'umuntu bifite agaciro kemeza kandi byerekana uko umuntu agendana n'Umwami, ntabwo biba ngombwa ku byiringiro. Umwizera wese ashobora kwizera ibyiringiro byuzuye 100% by'agakiza ke niba agomba kureba ku masezerano yo mu Ijambo ry'Imana nko muri 1 Yohana 5:11-13.

Ubutumwa Bwiza uko bwanditswe na Yohana bwibanda ku kwerekana uko umuntu abona Inkuru Nziza n'uko umuntu akizwa. Ibi ni ukubera iki? Hari impamvu eshatu z'ingenzi: (a) Kubera amagambo ya Yohana asobanutse ku byerekeye umugambi w'Ubutumwa bwe (20:31), (b) kubera gusubiramo ijambo “kwizera” (riboneka inshuro 98), no (c) kubera kutabaho kw'ikindi gikenewe. Gukoresha kwizera kose muri Yohana ntabwo kwerekeye ku bugingo buhoraho, ariko ahenshi ni ho kwerekeye.

Ibya nyuma, kubera ko agakiza ari ku buntu gusa ku bw'umurimowa Kristo (Abaroma 4:1-5; 5:19; 11:6), abashyigikiye agakiza gatangirwa ubuntu bizera ko agakiza cyangwa ubugingo buhoraho kadashobora gutakara (Abaroma 8:32-39; Yohana 6:37-40; 10:28-29).

Ingingo zivuguruza uburyo bwo kwiyegurira ubwami

Uburyo bugoretse bw’iby'amategeko

Ubu buryo ni umutego w'iby'amategeko kandi burwanya ibyo ubuntu bwibandaho by'Ubutumwa Bwiza bigaragara cyane mu Isezerano Rishya. Abashyigikiye ubu buryo bageraho bakemera uburyo bw'agakiza ku buntu.

Mu gitabo cye, Ivugabutumwa n'Ubusumba-byose bw'Imana (Evangelis and the Sovereignty of God), J. I. Packer yaranditse ati, “Ntabwo bihagije kwizera ko abanyabyaha batsindishiririzwa kandi bakemerwa muri Kristo no mu rupfu rwe,...Mu by’ukuri, uko ni uguhisha iby'uko imbabazi ku buntu mu buryo bumwe bidusaba ibintu byinshi. Nubaha cyane uyu mugabo, ariko ibi ni ukwivuguruza kugaragara. Gereranya n'ibyo Pawulo avuga mu Baroma 4:4-5 na 11:6.

Mu kwandika ku byerekeye amagambo ya Packer, Bob Wilkin yaranditse ati:

Mu kuri iki gitekerezo kirasekeje. Ni ubupfu kuvuga ko impano y'ubuntu isaba ibintu byinshi. Ntibyumvikana ukuntu twakwereka utarakizwa ibintu byose abizera bategekwa gukora no kudakora hanyuma ngo tumusabe gukora mu kwiringirwa ibya mbere ariko ngo areke ibya nyuma uhereye ubwo. Ubutumwa nk'ubwo si impano ku buntu. Ni umushahara umuntu aba yarakoreye. Abaroma 4:1 n'imirongo ikurikira n'ibindi bice hafi y’ 150 bishingira agakiza k'iteka ku kwizera kwonyine Kristo wenyine bivuguruza iki gitekerezo.²¹¹

Agakiza kazanwa n'ibikorwa.nyuma

Aho birangirira, ni uko ibyo kwiyegurira Umwami bisiga abantu biringiye ibyo bo bakoze atari ibya Kristo. Bene iki gitekerezo kigaragaza ko abantu bakizwa n'ibikorwa byabo, nyamara Isezerano Rishya rivuga ryeruye ko abantu badakizwa n'ibikorwa (Abefeso 2:8-9; Tito 3:5).

Roy Zuck afite urugero rwiza kuri ibi:

Ndamutse mpaye umugore wanjye impano hanyuma nkamubwira ko agomba kugira icyo atanga ngo ayibone, ntiyaba ikiri impano. Agakiza ni impano iva ku Mana. Ariko niba hari uvuze ati umuntu agomba kwitanga, kwiyegurira ubwami, kwumvira, kwanga byose, cyangwa kwiyanga kugira ngo abone iyo mpano maze akizwe, ibyo byaba bivuga ko agakiza atari impano na mba. ²¹²

Ibice bikoreshwa mu gushyigikira iby'agakiza kazanwa no kwiyegirira ubwami bishobora kandi byagombye gusobanurwa hamwe no guhindura abantu abigishwa (2 Petero 1:10-11).

Kugereranya agakiza no kwezwa

Mu yandi magambo, agakiza kitiranywa no kwezwa cyangwa kwihana kugeretseho kwitanga. Nk'uko Zuck yabyanditse:

Ibyo kwiyegurira ubwami ntibyerekana itandukaniro riri hagati yo kwezwa no gutsindishirizwa cyangwa hagati y'iby'umwigishwa n'iby'umwana. Bivanga impamvu n'ingaruka. Bivanga guhinduka umukristo no kuba umukristo.²¹³

Ibi bice bivuga ingaruka z'icyaha, ku busabane, ubuzima bwiza, gakondo yo mu bwami, guhabwa ingororano cyangwa kuzibura, ariko si ukwinjira mu bwami bw'Imana.

Urugero ruri muri Luka 14:16-33. Ubwa mbere, igihe abatumiwe mu birori babonye impamvu zo kutaza (icyitegererezo cy'Abisrayeli), abagaragu basabwe kujya hanze, mu nzira nini n'into, kuzana abantu mu munsi mukuru . Uyu munsi mukuru ni icyitegererezo cy'ubwami (imirongo 16-24). Mu yandi magambo, nta by’ibanze bikenewe. Kwinjira ni ubuntu. Icyakora, mu gice gikurikira, imirongo ya 2-5 n'ikurikira, Umwami atwereka ko kugira ngo umuntu abe umwigishwa, agomba kwemera kubara ibiguzi (icyo bidusaba). Uku si uguhamagarirwa agakiza, ahubwo ni ukumenyesha ibisabwa ngo umuntu abe umwigishwa. Byongeye, icyitabwaho si uko Kristo atagombye kureka umuntu nk'uwo ngo abe umwigishwa Ahubwo ni uko umuntu nk'uwo udatekereza ku byo asabwa atashobora kuba umwigishwa We: iyo igihe kigeze cyo gufata umugambi ukomeye nk'uwo, bashobora kubura ubushake n'ubushobozi bwo kubikora kubera ko batigeze batekereza ku gaciro kabyo n'uko ari iby'ibanze n’iby'iteka.

Nta mwanya w'ibya kamere

Uburyo bwo kwiyegurira ubwami buhakana kubaho kw'abakristo ba kamere (1 Abakorinto 3:3).

Uburyo bwo kwiyegurira ubwami ntibwemera ugusubira inyuma mu bugingo bw'umwizera cyangwa se guhindurwa. Icy'ukuri ni uko Bibiliya yuzuye ingero aho abizera bagwa mu byaha ndetse hamwe na hamwe bakamara igihe bameze batyo. Dawidi ni urugero rumenyerewe. Loti, wiswe ukiranuka (2 Petero 2:7), we sinshaka kumutangaho urugero rwakurikizwa.

Hamwe n’ibyo agakiza kazanwa no kwiyegurira ubwami, nta mwanya abakristo ba kamere, abakristo bakora mu buryo bwa kamere gusa bagira. Aya ni amagambo ya John MacArthur mu gitabo cye, Ubutumwa Bwiza uko Bwanditswe na Yesu (The Gospel According to Jesus)²¹⁴ Ku byerekeye 1 Abakorinto 3:3 n'ikurikira hamwe n'uko MacArthur abona ibintu, Ryrie yaranditse ati:

Mumenye ko Pawulo adapfa kuvuga ko abakristo “bashobora kandi bitwara mu buryo bwa kamere” (amagambo ya MacArthur); Pawulo avuga yeruye ati, “Muri aba kamere.” None ni gute umuntu yavuga ngo “abahanga muri Teolojia b'iki gihe bahimbye igice kizima cy'abantu nk’abo - 'umukristo wa kamere?' (na none aya ni amagambo ya MacArthur).” Birumvikana, kwita abakristo gutyo si ibihimbano; ni inyigisho yo mu Byanditswe.²¹⁵

Uko bigaragara rero, amagambo yo muri 1 Abakorinto 3:3 n'uko Abakorinto bari bameze nk'uko bavugwa mu 1 Abakorinto byerekana kwivuguruza. MacArthur ahatiriza ikibazo.

Kudasobanukirwa ibice bivuga ku gakiza

Kwiyegurira ubwami ntigusobanukirwa ibice bivuga iby'agakiza bikoresha ijambo “Umwami” nko guhamagarira umuntu kwicisha bugufi imbere y'ubwami bwa Kristo (Abaroma 10:9).

Ku byerekeranye n'ubwami bwa Kristo, hari ibintu bibiri bishoboka. Hari mbere na mbere ibitagira aho bibogamiye. Ibi byemera ko Kristo ari Imana, Umwami usumba byose w'ijuru n'isi. Hanyuma, hari ibiva mu ntekerezo z'umuntu harimo kwicisha bugufi mu buryo bw'abantu cyangwa kwitanga.

Mbese Abaroma 10:9 hahamagarira ibitagira aho bibogamiye cyangwa ibiva mu ntekerezo z'umuntu cyangwa byombi? Ku byerekeye iki kibazo, Everett Harrison yaranditse ati:

“Yesu ni Umwami” ni yo magambo yo kwizera ya mbere itorero ryakoreshaga (Ibyakozwe 2:36; 1 Abakorinto 12:3). Uku kuri gukomeye kwemejwe bwa mbere n'Imana igihe yazuraga Umwana wayo mu bapfuye - igikorwa cyemewe n'itorero kandi umunsi umwe kikemerwa na bose (Abafilipi 2:11)... Amagambo ya Pawulo mu mirongo ya 9, 10 bayumva nabi igihe akoreshwa mu gushyigikira abavuga ko umuntu adashobora gukizwa atagize Kristo Umwami w'ubugingo bwe mu kwitanga. Ukwitanga nk'uko ni ukw'ingenzi cyane; icyakora, muri iki gice, Pawulo aravuga iby'ubwami bwa Kristo butagira aho bubogamiye, ari ryo buye rikomeza imfuruka yo kwizera, ikintu umuntu adashobora gukizwa atagifite. Ikindi kijyana n'icyo nk'uko byari ku muzuko, wahamije urupfu rukiza, ariya magambo avuga ikintu cyari ukuri n'ubwo kitakwizerwa cyangwa kikizerwa n'umuntu umwe wacyizera akubakira ubugingo bwe kuri cyo.”²¹⁶

Abaroma 10:9 hahamagarira kwatura ko Kristo ari Imana. Muri iki gice Pawulo asubira mu magambo yo mu Isezerano Rya Kera inshuro nyinshi kandi yavugaga ku byo kutizera kw'Abayuda, si iby'ubwami. “Umwami” (Ikigiriki kurios) rikoreshwa nk'irivuga kimwe na Yahweh (Yehova) mu Isezerano Rya Kera. Ni uguhamagarira kwemera ko ari “Ndiho” wo mu Isezerano Rya Kera bityo akaba ari Imana.

Kuba Pawulo ashyigikiye ko Kristo ari Umwami bigaragarira no mu kibonezamvugo.

Iki gice ntikigomba gusobanurwa nk'uko NASB yagisobanuye, “Yesu nk'Umwami,” cyangwa nka KJV, “Umwami Yesu,” ahubwo nka NIV, “Yesu ni Umwami.” Aha harimo uburyo bw'ikibonezamvugo cy'Ikigiriki kirimo ibyo abahanga mu kibonezamvugo bita “kwikiriza kabiri n'icyuzuzo-mbonera” aho kwikiriza kumwe ari icyuzuzo kitaziguye cy'inshinga “guhamagara, kwerekana, cyangwa kwatura,” no kwikiriza kwa kabiri akaba ari icyuzuzo cyemeza ibivugwa mu cyuzuzo-mbonera. Bamwe mu bahanga mu kibonezamvugo bashobora kwita kwikiriza kwa kabiri kwikiriza kw'ibitaraba.²¹⁷ Muri rusange, ukwikiriza kwa mbere ni ruhamya, naho ukwa kabiri ni icyuzuzo, ariko, nk'aha mu Baroma 10:9 si ko bigenda iteka. Kubera ko Yesu ari izina, nubwo rikurikiye ijambo Umwami mu buryo bw'uko amagambo akurikirana, Yesu ni nka ruhamya y'inshinga kwatura, kandi ukundi kwikiriza, Umwami, ni icyuzuzo cyayo.²¹⁸ Bityo ukwatura gukenewe ni uko “Yesu ari Umwami,” ni ukuvuga, Yehova, Imana yo mu Isezerano Rya Kera.

Uko bigaragara, iyo umuntu yatuye ko Kristo ari Imana haba hari ukuri kuri inyuma cyangwa ukumenya ko Kristo ko afite uburenganzira bwo kugenga ubugingo bw'umuntu, ariko igice ntigihamagarira kuva mu ntekerezo z'umuntu ngo yiyegurire ubwami bwa Kristo kugira ngo abashe gukizwa. Ahubwo, iki gice kivuga ko kugira ngo umuntu akizwe, agomba kwemera, kwizera, ko Yesu ari n’Imana, Imana yaje mu mubiri, Imana-Muntu kandi bityo akaba ari We wenyine ushobora gukiza.

Ibyanditswe byose si ukuri

Ibyo kwiyegurira ubwami bihakana igice kinini cy'inzandiko kuba ari iz’ukuri nk'Abaroma 6 na 12.

Niba kuba umwizera nyakuri harimo kwitanga cyangwa kwiyegurira ubwami, ni kuki dufite ibi bice byandikiwe abizera? Niba, nk'uko bivugwa, ari ukugira ngo bidushishikarize kurushaho kwitanga gusa, none igipimo cyo gukizwa ni ikihe? Turongera kubaza ikibazo, ese ni 10% cyangwa 50%, n’ibindi? Ni ryari kandi gute tugera ku gipimo? Bibiliya iravuga iti, “Ukundishe Uwiteka Imana yawe umutima wawe wose? Iyi igomba kuba intego, ariko se hari uyigeraho? Niba ahari, amara igihe kireshya gite?

Ibi bice byo mu Baroma n'ibindi byinshi bitwereka ko abakijijwe, abakristo b'ukuri abo Pawulo yatekerezaga nk'abakijijwe, badatsimbarara ku by'abantu, kwiyegurira ubwami bwa Kristo mu ntekerezo z'umuntu kugeza bamaze gukizwa. Pawulo avuga ku Butumwa Bwiza n'iby'agakiza mu Baroma 13, ariko ntavuga ku kwiyegurira ubwami no kwitanga mbere y'igice cya 6 n'icya 12. Niba kwitanga cyangwa kwiyegurira ubwami bwa Kristo ari igice cy'Ubutumwa, ni ukuvuga ko intumwa Pawulo atabimenye cyanga atabyitayeho mu nshingano ye. Nta na kimwe muri ibi tuzi ko gishobora kuba ari ukuri kubera yanditse ayobowe n'Umwuka.

Ibikorwa byiza byacu ntibipimwa kandi ntibibonwa iteka n'abantu, ndetse ntibibonwa na twe ubwacu - cyane cyane iyo tugeze ku by'impamvu (1 Abakorinto 4:4-5). Byongeye, abatizera bashobora kandi berekana ibikorwa byabo byiza, ariko ntibakijijwe.

Iby'igihano kiva mu ijuru

Ibyo kwiyegurira ubwami bivuguruza ibice byigisha ko abakristo bashobora guhanwa kugeza no ku rupfu mu gihe bakomeza gufatwa nk'abakijijwe (1 Abakorinto 5:1 n'ikurikira; 11:28 n'ikurikira; 15:16-17).

Ibi ni ibice byandikiwe abakristo ku byerekeye abakristo bari mu Mwami kandi bashoboraga guhanwa nk'abana b'Imana, muburyo bumwe, kugeza ku rupfu, ariko bagakomeza kwitwa abakijijwe. Birumvikana, ibi bice bikunze gukoreshwa ku batarakijijwe n’abashyigikiye ibyo kwiyegurira ubwami.

Ikirwanya Ubutumwa cya gatatu:
“Izere kandi ubatizwe”

Iby’agakiza kazanwa n'umubatizo

Abashyigikira iby’umubatizo uhindura umuntu mushya, nk'uko twabita, ntibashyigikiye umubatizo w'amazi kuba ari k'uruhare rukomeye k'uwizera Kristo. Bavuga ngo keretse umuntu abatijwe afite intego y'agakiza, ni ukuvuga ngo, keretse yizeye umubatizo ukiza no kwizera Yesu Kristo, naho ubundi aba azimiye. Bavuga ko kwizera Yesu Kristo kwonyine kudakiza. Kwizera kwonyine ntiguhagije. Mu kuri, bamwe bahamya, nk'uko nabibwiwe rimwe n'ushyigikiye umubatizo ukiza, ko nubwo waba warabatijwe, nta gaciro byaba bifite keretse warabatijwe ku bw'agakiza kandi wiringiye ko umubatizo ugukiza.

Iby’agakiza k'ubuntu k'umubatizo w'amazi

Umubatizo w'amazi ni umugenzo ushushanya ukuri mu by'Umwuka. Ni guhamiriza mu ruhame byerekana uko umuntu yizera Kristo n'umurimo We kandi umubatizo w'Umwuka Wera uhuriza abakristo mu bumwe na Kristo n'urupfu, guhambwa no kuzuka mu bugingo bushya bye. Umubatizo w’amazi, nk’umugenzo, werekana mu by’ukuri, umubatizo w'Umwuka (1 Abakorinto 12:12-13).

Umugenzo ubwawo ntushobora gukiza, ariko ukuri uhagarariye ni ko kuzana mbere gutabarwa igihano cy'ibyaha ku bwo kwizera Kristo, gutabarwa imbaraga z'icyaha nk'uko umuntu yakira imbaraga z'urupfu no kuzuka bya Kristo ku bwo kwizera (Abaroma 6:1-14).

Ingingo zirwanya umubatizo w'amazi nk’uwa Ngombwa ku gakiza

Bitandukanye n’ibyo Yohana yibandaho

Mu gihe uburyo bumwe bw'ijambo “kwizera” buboneka inshuro 98 mu Butumwa bwa Yohana, ni iby'agaciro kenshi ko ubu Butumwa bwandikiwe kugira ngo abantu babone ubugingo buhoraho kandi bakizwe (Yohana 20:31) butavuga na rimwe ku mubatizo

Twavuga iki ku magambo Umwami yabwiye Nikodemu muri Yohana 3:5? Mbese “amazi” ntiyaba yerekeye ku by'uko umubatizo w'amazi ari igice cy'ingenzi ku guhinduka mushya? Ku byerekeye iki gice Ed Blum yaranditse ati:

Uburyo bwinshi butangwa ku gusobanura amagambo ya Yesu yo kubyarwa n'amazi n'Umwuka: (1) “Amazi” yerekeye ukuvuka gusanzwe, naho “Umwuka” ku kuvuka guturuka mu ijuru. (2) “Amazi” yerekeye Ijambo ry'Imana (Abefeso 5:26). (3) “Amazi” yerekeye umubatizo nk'igice cy'ingenzi mu guhinduka mushya. (Uku kubona ibintu gutandukanye n'indi mirongo yo muri Bibiliya ivuga neza ko agakiza ari ku bwo kwizera gusa; urugero ni, Yohana 3:16, 36; Abefeso 2:8-9; Tito 3:5). (4) “Amazi” ni ikimenyetso cy'Umwuka Wera (Yohana 7:37-39). (5) “Amazi” yerekeye umurimo wo kwihana wa Yohana Umubatiza, kandi “Umwuka” werekeye ku gushyirwaho Umwuka Wera na Kristo ku muntu.

Uburyo bwa gatanu bufite ibyiza mu by'amateka no mu byemerwa bya Teolojia. Yohana Umubatiza yahinduye igihugu cyose n'umurimo we kandi yibandaga ku kwihana (Matayo 3:16). “Amazi” yagombaga kwibutsa Nikodemu iby'umubatizo. Bityo Yesu yarimo avuga ko Nikodemu, kugira ngo yinjire mu bwami, yagombaga kumuhindukirira (kwihana) kugira ngo ahindurwe mushya n'Umwuka Wera.²¹⁹

Kandi n'ubwo Blum avuga ukuri, kwihana, cyane cyane dukurikije muri Yohana, bivuga kimwe no kwizera Kristo.

Ahubwo, ni byiza kurushaho gusobanukirwa ko Umwami yashakaga ko Nikodemu atekereza mu buryo bw'ibice byo mu Isezerano Rya Kera nka Ezekiyeli 36:25-27 n'umurimo woza kandi uhindura mushya w'Umwuka Wera. Ikigiriki gifite icyungo kimwe kuri ayo mazina, “amazi” n' “Umwuka” ahujwe na “na” (kai). Dushobora kubisobanura tuti “n'amazi, ndetse n'Umwuka.”

Dufite interuro ebyiri zisa zikozwe mu Kigiriki mu buryo bw'utunze ikintu: (a) “kwozwa no guhindurwa mushya” no (b) “guhindurwa mushya n'Umwuka Wera.” “Guhindurwa mushya” hamwe n' “Umwuka Wera” byombi biri mu buryo bwo gutunga ikintu. Hari uburyo bwinshi bwo gukoresha ugutunga ikintu mu Kigiriki, ariko ku mazina y'igikorwa nko kwozwa no guhindurwa mushya, izina muri ubu buryo ryerekana ikintu igikorwa cyerekeyeho, cyaba ruhamwa cyangwa icyuzuzo by'inshinga. Mbese kwozwa no guhindurwa bashya ntibyerekana utunze ikintu cyangwa ruhamwa zerekana utunze? Niba ari ruhamwa yerekana utunze ikintu, bikora igikorwa nk'uko bigaragazwa na NASB na NIV, “guhindura/guhindurwa bashya n'Umwuka Wera.” Pawulo arandika ibyo guhindurwa bashya byakozwe n'Umwuka Wera, si ibindi, ni ukuvuga, “guhindurwa bashya bikorwa n’Umwuka Wera”, ibintu bitumvikana. Izi nteruro zombi zitangirwa n'icyungo “na” (dia), kandi zihuzwa n'icyungo, “na” (kai). Ibi bishobora kuba bivuga ibintu bibiri: (a) kubera gusa kw'ibyo byungo, dushobora gusanga ubwo buryo bwombi ari bumwe, ari ubw'icyuzuzo cyangwa ubwa ruhamwa, kandi kubera ko interuro ya kabiri ishobora gusa kuba iya ruhamwa, “uguhindurwa mushya n'Umwuka,” ni ko n'iya mbere igomba kuba, “kwozwa no guhindurwa.” (b) Icyungo “na” (kai) gisobanura “ndetse,” cyangwa se “mu,” ku buryo interuro ya kabiri ari ubusobanuro burushijeho bw'iya mbere. Mu kibonezamvugo twabihindura, “ukwozwa gukorwa no guhindurwa bashya, ndetse (cyangwa mu izina) ukuvuka ubwa kabiri bikorwa n'Umwuka Wera.” Guhindurwa mushya guturuka ku kwozwa n'Umwuka, kubabarirwa ibyaha kandi iki ni igice cy'umurimo w'Umwuka Wera wo kubyara ubwa kabiri.

Ibi bihuye na Tito 3:5, “...idukirisha kwuhagirwa, ni kwo guhindurwa bashya (kubyarwa ubwa kabiri), ikadukirisha no guhindurwa bashya n'Umwuka” (Reba ibiri hepfo aha ku busobanuro bwa Tito 3:5).

Kwiyegurira ubwami kunyuranije n'inyigisho ya Pawulo

Abaroma .4:1-12: Imirongo ya 1-6 yerekana neza uko umuntu yatsindishirijwe no kwizera atari ibikorwa. Hanyuma, mu mirongo ya 7-12 Pawulo akoresha gukebwa kwo mu Isezerano Rya Kera ngo yerekane ko agakiza kahoze ari kamwe mu myaka yose. Abantu bo mu bihe byose bakizwa no kugendera mu ntambwe za Aburahamu. Yerekana ko abera bo mu Isezerano Rya Kera batsindishirizwaga no kwizera kwonyine mbere y'uko gukebwa gushyirwaho.

Ariko ihame ry'ingenzi ni uko ugukebwa kuri ku mwizera wo mu Isezerano Rya Kera nk'uko umubatizo uri ku mwizera wo mu Isezerano Rishya. Ikigereranyo gikurikira kirabyigisha:

 

GUKEBWA	Ku mubili n’icyuma kandi kubui n’abantu bigaragarira abandi	Ni ikimenytso cyo kwizera mu murimu w’Imana ariko si uburyo bw’agakiza
KUBATIZWA	Ku mubili, n’amazi kubw’abantu, bigaragarira abandi	Ni ikimenyetso cyo kwizera mu murimo w’Imana, ariko si uburyo bw’agakiza

Ikivugwa ni uko abantu bakizwa no kwizera kwonyine, atari amategeko ayo ari yo yose, imigenzo, cyangwa amateka.

Abakolosayi 2:11-12. Iki gice na cyo cyerekana gusa kuri muri byo. Gukebwa kwo mu murongo wa 11 ni “ukutakozwe n'intoke.” Ni umurimo w'Umwuka w'Imana. Ibikurikiyeho ni uko gusa n'umubatizo wo mu murongo wa 12 ari umurimo w'Imana, utarakozwe n'intoke. Ni umubatizo ukorwa n'Umwuka Wera uwo umubatizo w'amazi ushushanya. Umuhango wo gukebwa wo mu Isezerano Rya Kera n'itegeko ryo kubatizwa ryo mu Isezerano Rishya byombi byerekana umurimo w'Imana ku muntu binyuze muri Yesu Kristo. Iyo migenzo ni ibishushanya ukuri kwonyine gukiza ku bwo kwizera.

1 Abakorinto 1:14-16. Muri iki gice intumwa yibanze ubwa kabiri ku mubatizo w'amazi. Nta wavuga ko intumwa ibona umubatizo nka ngombwa ku Butumwa Bwiza. Ntibyari akamenyero ke kutabatiza abo yazanye ku Butumwa gusa, ahubwo aha aranatwereka ko umubatizo w'amazi nka ngombwa ku gakiza atari igice kigize Ubutumwa Bwiza cyangwa agakiza. Ubutumwa Bwiza ni uko Yesu Kristo, Umukiza Imana-muntu, yapfiriye ibyaha byacu, yazuwe mu bapfuye, kandi ko twe dushobora kubona ubugingo buhoraho nk'impano ku bwo kwizera. Iyaba umubatizo wari ngombwa ngo umuntu akizwe ku bw'Ubutumwa, Pawulo ntaba yaratinyutse kuvuga ati, “Kuko Kristo atantumye kubatiza, ahubwo yantumye kubwiriza Ubutumwa Bwiza,...”

Abefeso 2:8-9. Umubatizo ni umurimo w'umuntu ukorwa n'umuntu. Aha intumwa Pawulo avuga yeruye ko ishingiro ry'agakiza ari ubuntu bw'Imana kubwo kwizera kwonyine.

Tito 3:5. Ntitwagombye guhita twemera ubusobanuro buvuga ko “kwoza” aha byerekeye umugenzo n'umurimo w'umuntu kubera gushimangira kwo mu murongo wa 5a. Aha nta kivugwa ku kwizera kuko kubera ko icyibandwaho ari icyo Imana yakoze aho kuba ku kintu cy'itorero cyangwa imigenzo umuntu abasha gukora – harimo n'umubatizo w'amazi. Ibiri amambu, bamwe babona amagambo, “kuhagirwa kwo guhindurwa bashya” nk'ibyerekeye umubatizo uhindura abantu nubwo iki gice kibanjirijwe na, “Yaradukijije, itabitewe n'imirimo yo gukiranuka twakoze...” Ese ibi bishobora kuba byerekeye umubatizo w'amazi? Si ku bugingo bwawe! Kuki?.

• Igice aya magambo abonekamo cyibanda ku by'uko agakiza ari umurimo w'Imana atari uw'umuntu.
• Umubatizo w'amazi, uko wawufata kose, ni umurimo utegetswe n'idini. Niba umubatizo w'amazi ari wo shingiro ry'uguhindurwa bashya kwacu, noneho ni umurimo wo gukiranuka kwacu cyangwa igikorwa gikiranuka gikorwa na twe.
• Iki gice kiratubwira ko guhindurwa bashya bituruka ku kwozwa n'Umwuka, kubabarirwa ibyaha kandi iki ni igice cy'umurimo wo kuvuka ubwa kabiri w'Umwuka Wera. Dushobora gusobanura igice cya nyuma cy'umurongo wa 5 nka “kubwo kwozwa gukozwe no guhindurwa bashya, ndetse no kuvuka ubwa kabiri gukozwe n'Umwuka Wera.”²²⁰

Kwiyegurira ubwami binyuranije na Luka 23:43

Igisambo ku musaraba cyakijijwe no kwizera kwonyine. Birumvikana ko kitashoboraga gukebwa cyangwa kubatizwa. Ihame rero aha rirakora hadakurikije ko bamwe bashaka kujya impaka bavuga ko byari mu bihe by'Isezerano Rya Kera. Yakijijwe no kwizera kwonyine. Umugenzo cyangwa iteka nk'iryo mu bihe by'Isezerano Rya Kera wari ugukebwa, ariko icyo gisambo ku musaraba nticyakebwe cyangwa ngo kibatizwe, ariko cyarakijijwe.

Ibisubizo ku bice byakoreshejwe mu gushyigikira Umubatizo uhindura umuntu mushya

Mariko 16:16

Igisubizo cya mbere, hari ingorane z'Ibyanditswe bwa mbere n'intoki. Ibyanditswe bwa mbere n'intoki bishaje kurusha ibindi kandi abenshi bizera ko ari byo bizima ntibirimo imirongo ya 9-20. Ubwo rero hari ibibazo byo kumenya niba iyi mirongo yari mu Byanditswe n'intoki bya mbere bya Mariko. Ikibazo cya mbere, mu buryo bwa Teolojia, ni ugushingira impaka ku gice gifite ingorane zo mu Byanditswe n'intoki bya mbere.

Icya kabiri, tuvuze ko iyi mirongo igize Ubutumwa bwa Mariko, mbese iki gice kivuga ko umubatizo ari ngombwa ku gakiza? Umurongo Wa 16b, “ariko utizera azacirwaho iteka” usubiza ikibazo cyacu. Ukutizera ni ko kuzana gucirwaho iteka, si ukutabatizwa. Byongeye, “kubatizwa” gushobora kuba kwerekeye umubatizo w'Umwuka Wera (1 Abakorinto 12:13).

Umubatizo w'amazi ni ikigaragaza kwizera kw'umuntu no guhamya mu ruhame ibyo umuntu yizeye. Kubera iyi mpamvu, Mariko avuga umubatizo wiyongera ku kwizera. Ariko kubera ko atari umubatizo w'amazi ukiza kandi kubera ko kwizera ari ko kuvugwa, yahise yongeraho igice cya nyuma cy'umurongo wa 16.

Ibyakozwe 2:38

Icya mbere, dukwiriye kumenya ko hari uburyo bubiri bw'Ikibonezamvugo bushoboka iki gice gishobora gusobanurwamo. Icyungo “ngo” (Ikigiriki, eis) mu ibango, “ngo mubone kubabarirwa ibyaha byanyu” gishobora gusobanurwa ngo, “n'intego yo, kugira ngo” (cyerekana intego), cyangwa gishobora gusobanurwa ngo “dushingiye ku, cyangwa kubera” (cyerekana ingaruka) nk'uko gikoreshejwe muri Matayo 12:41, “kuko bihannye, ubwo (bashingiye ku, nk'ingaruka yo) bumvaga kwigisha kwa Yona.” Ibi byerekana ko mu Byakozwe 2:38 hashobora kuvuga ngo, “Ni mwihane, kandi buri wese abatizwe...nk'ingaruka yo kubabarirwa ibyaha byanyu...” Aho kuvuga ngo “Nimwihane, umuntu wese muri mwe abatizwe ngo mubone kubabarirwa ibyaha byanyu” Petero yarimo avuga ati, “Nimwihane, kandi mushingiye ku kubabarirwa, mubatizwe.”

Chafer/Walvoord bafite ubusobanuro bwiza bw'iki gice gikomeye:

Nk'uko byavuzwe mbere, mu kibwirizo cya Petero ku munsi wa Pentekote, yashyize umubatizo hamwe no kwizera nk'inzira y'agakiza (Ibyakozwe 2:38). Bigomba kwibukwa ko nk'uko umubatizo uvugwa mu Byanditswe, rimwe na rimwe werekeye umubatizo nyakuri, ni ukuvuga, umubatizo w'Umwuka Wera uba umwanya umuntu yizeramo kandi ahandi ku mugenzo w'umubatizo w'amazi. Birashoboka gufata uyu murongo mu buryo bwombi. Niba werekeye umubatizo nyakuri, Petero yarimo avuga ko iyo Abayuda bizera kandi uko kwizera kugahamwa no kubatizwa mu mubiri wa Kristo, bashoboraga gukizwa. Cyangwa niba werekeye ku mubatizo w'amazi noneho Petero yarimo avuga ko uwo mugenzo wari gihamya cyo kwizera kwabo. Uko biri kose, Petero hanyuma yabatije abantu 3,000 (umurongo wa 41), ku bw'icyo kimenyetso bahisemo gukurikira Kristo kandi bakerekana ko baretse imyizerere yabo ya mbere y'amategeko y'Abayuda.

Kugira ngo Abayuda bature Kristo mu ruhame byari ingorane zikomeye kuko akenshi bataga imiryango yabo, akazi kabo, n'ubutunzi bwabo. Kugira ngo ukwizera kwabo guhamishwe umubatizo w'amazi muri ubu buryo byagaragazaga ko bakijijwe by'ukuri. Uko biri kose, umugenzo wo kubatizwa ntukiza, kandi ibyerekeye umubatizo mu murongo wa 38 ntibivuga ko umubatizo w'amazi wari ngombwa ku gakiza. Ahenshi ukwizera kuvugwa nk'icya ngombwa ku gakiza hatavuga umubatizo hashobora kurushaho kubisobanura. Ndetse na Petero ubwe hanyuma yavuze ko kubabarirwa ibyaha bishingiye ku kwizera kwonyine (10:43; 13:38-39).

Mu Byakozwe 19 Abayuda bamwe bo mu Efeso bari barabatijwe na Yohana Umubatiza ariko ntibari barizeye Kristo. Igihe babwiwe ko byari ngombwa ko bizera Kristo, Ibyanditswe bivuga ngo, “Babyumvise batyo babatizwa mu izina ry'Umwami Yesu” (umurongo wa 5). Ibi na none byumvikanisha kurushaho ko umubatizo w'amazi ubwawo udakiza ahubwo ko ari ikimenyetso cyangwa gihamya ko umuntu yizeye Kristo.²²¹

Ibyakozwe 22:16

Hari amategeko abiri (inshinga-ntegeka zo mu Kigiriki) muri uyu murongo, ariko rimwe ni ryo rikuraho ibyaha, “kwambaza izina ry'Umwami,” ni ukuvuga, kubwira Imana ko wizeye kandi wiringiye Umwana wayo. Interuro, “Haguruka ubatizwe, wiyuhagire ibyaha byawe, wambaje izina rye” ishobora, ukurikije ikiboneza-mvugo cy'Ikigiriki, kugabanywamo amabango atandukanye n'akabago n'akitso (;) kashyirwa inyuma ya “ubatizwe.” “Haguruka ubatizwe (ibango rya mbere); wozwe ibyaha byawe, wambaje izina rye” (ibango rya kabiri). Umubatizo ntushobora kwoza ibyaha by'umuntu. Kwambaza izina ry'Umwami, kubwira Imana ko wizeye Umwana wayo ni bwo buryo bwo ukwizera Kristo.

1 Petero 3:18-21

Muri iki gice, Petero atubwira ko umubatizo ushushanya gutabarwa n’amazi kw'umuryango wa Nowa (reba 3:20). Gukirisha umubatizo rero, ni igishushanyo hano, si ukuri. Petero yahise yongeraho ingingo ebyiri kugira ngo atumvikana nabi. Agakiza muri iki gice ntigashingiye ku mubatizo w'amazi, ahubwo ni ku “muzuko wa Yesu Kristo.” Ntigashingiye ku “gukuraho ico ryo ku mubiri.”

Ikirwanya Ubutumwa cya kane:
“Kwizera hamwe no kwatura Kristo mu ruhame”

Nyakwigendera Dr. Chafer yanditse ibyerekeye ibi:

Kwifuza kubona umusaruro ugaragara no kwifuza ko nta buryarya abakizwa bafata umugambi uhamye wo kwakira Kristo byatumye ababwiriza-butumwa mu guhamagara abihana kwabo bibanda ku kwatura Kristo mu ruhame. Mu ntego zishoboka zose kandi ahenshi uku guhamya kugomba kuba, mu mitima y'abadakijijwe, kujyana no kwizera gukiza kandi gusa n'aho, nk'uko kuvugwa, kunganya agaciro no kwizera.²²²

Hari ibice bibiri bikunze gukoreshwa kugira ngo basobanure kwatura mu ruhame: Matayo 10:3-33 n'Abaroma 10:9.

Matayo 10:32-33

“Umuntu wese uzampamiriza imbere y'abantu, nanjye nzamuhamiriza imbere ya Data uri mu ijuru. Ariko uzanyihakanira imbere y'abantu nanjye nzamwihakanira imbere ya Data uri mu ijuru.”

Mbese iki gice gihamagarira kwaturira Umukiza mu ruhame nk'igice cy'Ubutumwa kandi nka kimwe mu bya ngombwa ku gakiza? Niba ari ko biri, bya bice 150 hamwe n’ibindi bice byo mu Isezerano Rishya bihamagarira kwizera Kristo gusa byaba ari ibinyoma. Ahubwo, Umwami yarimo ashishikariza abatari abatizera, aribo bigishwa, ku by'Inshingano yabahaye ngo bajye mu ntama zazimiye z'Abisirayeli (imirongo ya 1-15). Igikorwa nk'icyo, bitewe n'ubugome bw'abayobozi b'amadini bo mu Isirayeli no mu isi muri rusange (imirongo ya 15-20), cyane cyane mu minsi y'akaga ibanziriza kugaruka kwa Kristo (imirongo ya 21-23), cyashoboraga kubazanira gutotezwa. Bityo hari imbuzi ko niba abantu baragambaniye kandi bagatoteza Umukiza, abigishwa na bo bagombaga kwitegura gutotezwa (imirongo ya 24-25). Hanyuma abahugurira kudatinya (26-31), abashishikariza kumwatura imbere y'abantu, kandi ababurira kumwihakanira imbere y'abantu (imirongo ya 3-33). Uku gushishikaza no kubura muri iki gice byerekeye ku nshingano z'abigishwa no ku gushyira mu bikorwa, ku ruhare rw'abizera (abamaze) ibyo kuba abahamya b'Umukiza.

Kwihakana Kristo imbere y'abantu byakwerekana ko (a) umwihakana adakijijwe by'ukuri, bityo, ntibagombaga kuba aba Kristo nka bamwe mu Be mu murimo We nk'utuvuganira kuri Se, cyangwa (b) igihamya ko bari baravuye mu busabane bakaba bakorera mu bwoba aho kuba mu kwizera, ku buryo Kristo atabaha ingororano ku ntebe y'imanza (Bema) ya Kristo (1 Abakorinto 3:12-15; Abaroma 14:10; 2 Abakorinto 5:9-10; 2 Timoteyo 2:11-13). Petero wihakanye Umwami igihe yacirwaga urubanza imbere y'Umutambyi Mukuru (Matayo 26:57-75), ni urugero rwiza rw'uko abizera bashobora kwihakana Umukiza.

Abaroma 10:9

Iki ahari ni igice cy'ibanze gikoreshwa mu gushyigikira kwongeraho icya ngombwa cyo kwatura, bityo icyibandwaho aha ni ukureba muri rusange Abaroma 10:1-21.

Amasengesho n'ubushake ku gakiza k'Abisirayeli (10:1)

Muri iyi mirongo tubona ikivugwa muri iki gice - agakiza k'Abayuda. Icyakora, bishobora no gukoreshwa ku kugeza abagore n'abagabo kuri Kristo.

Ingorane zo gukiranuka kw'Abisirayeli (10:23)

Ni ngombwa kumenya ko imirongo ivugwa, imirongo ya 9-10, ikunze gukoreshwa mu kwigisha ko abantu bagomba kwatura mu ruhame ngo bakizwe, ari ugukora imirimo itegetswe n'abantu. Iyi mirongo iri mu gice aho Pawulo yerekana ko iyi ari ingorane ku gihugu cy'Isirayeli muri rusange. Bityo rero, aho gushyigikira kwatura mu ruhame nk'igikorwa abantu bakora, igice gishyigikiye ibitandukanye n'ibi.

Ingingo yo gukiranuka kubwo kwizera kwonyine (10:4-13)

(1) Gusohora kw'amategeko kuri Kristo uhesha gukiranuka (umurongo wa 4). Kristo ni We amategeko yasohoyeho nk'uhesha gukiranuka cyangwa kwemerwa n'Imana. Intego y'amategeko kwari kwerekana kamere nkora-cyaha y'umuntu. Ariko ikindi ni uko yaba amategeko yaba imirimo nta gishobora gushimisha Imana. Impamvu ni ikigereranyo cy'Abaroma 8:1-3. Uburyo bwose bw'amategeko bushingiye ku ntege-nke z'umuntu mu kuyasohoza kandi umuntu ntashyikira iteka ubwiza bw'Imana kandi iteka ahusha intego (Abaroma 3:23).

(2) Amagambo ya Mose ku bakurikiza amategeko (umurongo wa 5). Niba umuntu ashaka kwemerwa n'Imana mu kwubahiriza amategeko, agomba kubeshwaho na yo, ni ukuvuga ko agomba kuyumvira atunganye rwose biti ihi se aba atsinzwe na yo (reba Yakobo 2:10-11; Abagalatiya 5:3; Abaroma 2:25 hamwe n’Abaroma 3:19-20; 7:7). Kubera ko nta muntu ushobora gusohoza amategeko, abantu bose bahusha intego maze iteka n'amategeko agasanga umuntu atsindwa (2 Abakorinto 3:6, 7, 9; Abaroma 7:10-11).

(3) Imana itanga agakiza ku buntu ku bw'Ubutumwa Bwiza (imirongo ya 6-8). Ku byerekeye iyi mirongo Ryrie yaranditse ati: “Gusubira mu magambo yo mu Gutegeka 30:12-14, hibandaga ku buntu bw'Imana no kwakira Ijambo ry'Imana, Pawulo akoresha uku kuri ku Butumwa Bwiza, buri hafi, umuntu wese yabasha gushyira ku munwa no mu mutima we (Abaroma 10:9).”²²³ Murebe neza ko iri jambo umuntu agomba gushyira ku munwa no mu mutima Pawulo asobanura nk’ “Ijambo (ubutumwa) ryo kwizera tubwiriza.” Ubutumwa si ubw'imirimo, ni ubwo kwizera umurimo w'Imana uzanwa ku muntu n'ubuntu. Ariko se Ubutumwa bw'ubuntu ni iki?

Pawulo asobanura Ubutumwa bw'ubuntu (imirongo ya 9-13)

(1) Ubutumwa buvugwa uko buri (umurongo wa 9)

“Kwatura,” homologeo, rivuga “kwemeranya, kuvuga rumwe, kwemera.” Nk'uko igice kibyerekana, kwatura aha si ku bantu, ahubwo ni ku Mana kandi harimo, nk'ikigaragaza kwizera Kristo, kwemerera Imana ko umuntu yizera Kristo nk'Imana yaje mu mubiri. Harimo kwemeranya n'umuhamya w'Imana kuri Yesu nk'Umwana w'Imana. Iki gice kivuga ngo, “Umwami Yesu,” ariko nk'uko byasobanuwe haruguru, bivuga kwemera ko Yesu ari Imana. Igice kivuga ku byo kwemera Ubumana bwa Kristo kandi bityo ukuri kwo kwigira umuntu (reba 1 Yohana 2:22-23; 4:2,15 bikoresha ijambo rimwe, homologeo). Iki gice ntigihamagarira kwicisha bugufi imbere ya Kristo mu buryo bwo kwiyegurira ubwami.²²⁴

“‘Kandi wizere mu mutima wawe...” Uyu ni umuzi - kwizera ko Imana yamuzuye mu bapfuye. Aha dufite umurimo wuzuye kandi ukwiriye wa Kristo, urupfu rwe apfira ibyaha, rwahamijwe no kuzuka kwe. Mwibuke, umuzuko uhamya ko Yesu ari Umwana w'Imana kandi urupfu rwe rwarangije iby'ibyaha by'umuntu. Ahari icy'ingenzi aha ni uko uku kwizera Kristo ko ari Umukiza n’Imana-muntu gutera abantu kwatura ukwizera kwabo bizera Imana mu isengesho ry'agakiza nk'uko igice kibyerekana (imirongo ya 12b-13).

(2) Ubutumwa busobanurwa (imirongo ya 10-13)

“Kuko...” Reba iryo jambo kuko. Ni ryo ritangira iki gice, imirongo ya 10-13, nk'ubusobanuro bw'umurongo wa 9 n'amagambo “kwatura”no “kwizera.” Murebe ukuntu Pawulo atangira n'ijambo “kwizera” atari “kwatura.” Atangira umurongo wa 9 n'ijambo “kwatura” kubera ko bikurikirana mu Isezerano Rya Kera asubiramo mu murongo wa 8 - umunwa hanyuma umutima. Ariko mu murongo wa 20, Pawulo ahindura uko akurikiraya amagambo, maze akavuga “umutima” no “kwizera” mbere y’ “akanwa” no “kwatura” kubera ko ibi ari yo ngingo y'ingenzi.

Muri ibi akoresha uburyo bwo gukurikiranya amabango mu buryo bugaragaza icy'ingenzi muri iki gice.

Inshamake y’Abaroma 10:8-14

AGAKIZA KURI BOZE
ABAROMA 10:8: ahubwo kuvuga kuti: “Ijambo rirakwegereye, ndetse riri mu kanwa kawe no mu mutima wawe; ni ryo jambo ryo kwizera, iryo kubabwiriza	Herekana ubushake bw’ubuntu bw’Imana buzana agakiza ku bantu
INSHINGANO Y’UMUNTU
Abaroma 10:9 : Niwatuza akanwa kawe ko Yesu ari Umwami Ukizera mu mutima wawe ko Imana yamuzuye, Uzakizwa	1. Kwatuza akanwa kawe ko Yesu ari Umwami. Muri iki gice cyerekeye uko Abisiraelibanze Yesu, bivuga kwemera imbere y’Imana ko Yesu ari Yehova wo mu Isezerano rya kera. Ni ukwemeza ubumana bwe. 2. Kwizera ukuzuka kwemeza kwizera ukwizera ibyo umuzuko wemeza byose (Abaroma 1:4), 4:24-25)
UKWO PAWULO ASOBANURA UMURONGO WA 9
ABAROMA 10:10a: Kuko umutima ariwo umuntu yizezaakabarwaho gukiranuka	1. Umurongo wa 10b- kuko umutima mu muntu w’imbere, umuntu arizera, agashyira ibyiringo muri Kristo, biha Kristo gukiranuka no gukiza 2. Umurongo wa 10b- Kandi akanwa niko yatuza, akemerera, akemeza Imana ukwizera Kristo kuzana agakiza
GUTSINDISHIRIZWA KWO MU ISEZERANA RYA KERA (imirongo 11-13)
ABAROMA 10:11-12a: Kuko ibyanditswe bivuga biti: Umwizera wese ntazakorwa n’isoni. Kuko nta tandukaniro ry’Umuyuda n’Umugiriki ABAROMA 10:12B-13 – Kuko Umwami umwe ari Umwami wa bose, ariwe ubereye abamwambaza bose ubutunzi; kuko umuntu wese uzambaza Izina ry’Umwami, azakizwa (hasobanura kwatura)	1. Umurongo wa 11-12a – hasubira mu magambo ya Yesaya 28:16 herekana agakiza kazanwe no kwizera (Inshingano ya mbere y’umuntu). Ibi bisobanura “Umwizera wese”, mu murongo wa 11, ni ukuvuga ko nta tandukaniro hagati y’Umuyuda n’Umugiriki (reba Abaroma 3:22-29) 2. Imirongo 12b-13 – hasobanura indi nshingano y’umuntu, kwatuza akanwa. Bivuga guhamagara izina ry’Umwami
IBIBAZO
ABAROMA 10:14 - Ariko Se bamwambaza bate, bataramwizera? Kandi bakumva bate ari ntawababwirije	Aha na none, ingingo ebyiri z’ingenzi , kwizera no guhamagara Umwani, bifitanye isano kandi ibi byerekeye ku kwizera no kwatuza akanwa nu mirongo ya 9-10

Ihame-shingiro ryo kubwiriza Ubutumwa bwo kwizera kwonyine (14-17)

Kubera ko ikivugwa ari ukwizera umurimo w'Imana ku muntu muri Kristo n'umurimo We, hari ikibazo cy'ingenzi kigomba gusubizwa. Ni gute abantu bashobora kuva mu mirimo yabo itegetswe n'idini, kimwe n'Abayuda, ngo baze kuri Kristo ku bwo kwizera gusa? Ni ku bw'umurimo w'ivugabutumwa ukorwa n'abizera Ubutumwa maze bakagenda kwamamaza Inkuru Nziza nk'impano y'ubuntu bw'Imana.

Reba icyibandwaho: Abayuda benshi banze Ubutumwa bw'ubuntu kubera ko bafataga ibikorwa nk’iby’ingenzi. Nyamara, kwizera guheshwa no kwumva, no kumva kukazanwa n’Ijambo rya Kristo, bivuga kuvuga Inkuru y'Umwami Yesu nk'umwe kandi umwe rukumbi ku gakiza.

Ikirwanya Ubutumwa cya gatanu:
“Izere kandi ukore imirimo myiza”

Ikindi kirwanya Ubutumwa Bwiza bw'agakiza kubwo kwizera kwonyine Kristo wenyine ni “Izere kandi ukore imirimo myiza.” Ikivugwa aha ni uko umuntu agomba kwizera no gukora imirimo ngo akizwe. Iyo nta mirimo myiza, rero, (a) ntuba warakijijwe, ntuba warizeye, cyangwa (b) wataye agakiza kawe, cyangwa (c) ntiwigeze ukizwa kuko ubuze imirimo myiza ya ngombwa ngo ukizwe.

Bamwe bashobora kuvuga ko dukizwa no kwizera kwonyine, ariko iyo kuri kwonyine (iyo nta mirimo), ntabwo uba ukijijwe. Kwizera kwawe ntikuba kwari ukwizera kw'ubwenge, si ukwizera kwo mu mutima. Muri ubu buryo kwizera kwongera gusobanurwa bongeramo kuva mu byaha no kwegurira Kristo ubugingo bw'umuntu. Ibyiringiro rero, mu gusuzuma kwa nyuma, bishingiye ku mirimo y’umuntu cyangwa ibyo umuntu yakoze aho kuba ku murimo wa Kristo n'amasezerano y'ukuri yo mu Ijambo Rye nko muri 1 Yohana 5:11-13 na Yohana 5:24.

Mu gusuzuma kwa nyuma iby'imirimo, imirimo yongerwa ku kwizera kugira ngo umuntu akizwe. Ibi bivuga AGAKIZA KU BW'IMIRIMO N'IBYIRINGIRO KU BW'IMIRIMO.

Ingingo

Ingingo ni uko kwizera nyakuri iteka guturuka ku mirimo myiza. Kubera ko ubugingo bushya buhabwa abizera binyuze ku guhindurwa n'Umwuka, no kubera gutura mu bugingo bwa buri mwizera kw'Umwuka Wera, abizeye by'ukuri Ubutumwa Bwiza bwa Yesu Kristo n'umurimo We nk'itegeko rusange, bazera imbuto zimwe, igihe kimwe, mu buryo bumwe. Yesu yaravuze ati:

“Urya umubiri wanjye, akanywa amaraso yanjye, aguma muri jye, nanjye nkaguma muri we. Nk'uko Data Uhoraho yantumye, nanjye nkaba ndiho ku bwa Data, ni ko undya na we azabaho ku bwanjye” (Yohana 6:56-57).

Nk'uko iki gice kibivuga (imirongo ya 60-69) kurya umubiri We no kunywa amaraso Ye byerekeye igikorwa cy'ibanze cyo kwizera bitanga impano zo guhindurwa bashya no guhabwa ubugingo buhoraho (imirongo ya 50, 51, 54, 58). Ariko na none bivuga ko umwizera azanwa mu bumwe bushya n'Umukiza kugira ngo abe (agume) mu busabane na We (umurongo wa 56). Ariko ni uku kuguma muri We cyangwa ubusabane na We bitera kwera imbuto cyangwa kugira imirimo myiza mu bugingo bw'umwizera (Yohana 15); si ukugira ubugingo bushya gusa.

Umwami yarimo avuga ku bisanzwe, ibiri ukuri muri rusange. Yarimo avuga ihame ritavuguruzwa rihora ari ukuri mu bugingo bw'umwizera. Abenshi basubira muri iki gice maze bakavuga bati, “Reba neza, abizera nyakuri baba mu Mwami bakera imbuto maze bagahamya ko bakijijwe koko. Nizera ko icyo gitekerezo ari ikinyoma kubera ko Umwami yari azi ko abakristo bamwe batazaguma mu busabane na We, kandi igihamya ibi kiri muri Yohana 15 aho Yetegetse abigishwa gukomeza kuba muri We. Niba bidashoboka guhagarika kuba muri We, kubura ubusabane n'Umwami, kandi bityo guhagarika kwera imbuto, ni kuki Umwami yagombye kuburira abigishwa Be ku byerekeye kugwa gushoboka? Ibi ni byo akora muri Yohana 15:1-6.

Nk'itegeko rusange, buri mukristo agira imbuto yera, ahantu hamwe, igihe kimwe, ukuntu kumwe. Ariko amaze kuvuga ibyo, hari utuntu tumwe tugomba kwitonderwa tujyana n'imirimo myiza cyangwa kwera imbuto no gukoreshwa kwabyo nk'ibihamya agakiza n'ibyiringiro.

Nk'uko yohana 15 kimwe n'ibindi bice by'Ibyanditswe byigisha, imvugo-rusange ngo abizera bazera imbuto ntivuga ko abizera bose bazera cyangwa ko umwizera azera iteka imbuto (gereranya amagambo ya Pawulo n'imirimo myiza: Tito 3:14; 2 Petero 1:8). Ibi bice byombi byerekana ko umwizera nyakuri ashobora gutera imbuto. Uku gushishikaza kwaba nta mumaro gufite. Ihame nk'iri rikoreshwa ku mbuzi z’Umwami atubwira kuguma muri We ngo twere imbuto.

N'ubwo amagambo akurikira avuga ku by'ubwami/ubutware, bikoreshwa kubera ko ibi uko ari bibiri (imirimo myiza no kwiyegurira ubwami) bijyana. Ni imbuto cyangwa imirimo bingana iki abizera bagomba kugira ngo berekane ko bakijijwe? Dupima dute imirimo n'imbuto bya ngombwa ngo twizere ko twakijijwe mu buryo bw'ubwami/ubutware kwizera/imirimo? Cyangwa se dupima dute ukugwa gushobora kwihanganirwa nta kwibaza niba mfite kwizera gukiza cyangwa niba naratakaje ibyo nari mfite?²²⁵

Ryrie yaranditse ati:

Ibyo kwiyegurira ubwami, nubwo bikomeye kuri kamere y'uko bihamagarira ukwizera gukiza, bigomba kuvuga (1) ko umukristo atakaza agakiza ke, cyangwa (2) ko hari umwanya wo kutumvira mu bugingo bwa gikristo. Kubera ko abantu benshi bakurikiza ibyo kwiyegurira ubwami bashikamye ku byiringiro by'abizera, bahitamo uburyo bwa nyuma.

Bityo dusoma amagambo nk'aya: “Ukugwa rimwe kw'umwizera ntikumubuza kuba akwiriye” (John MacArthur, mu gitabo yise Ubutumwa Bwiza uko Bwavuzwe na Kristo, The Gospel According to Jesus, Grand Rapids, Zondervan, 1988, p.199). Igitekerezo mpita ngira ku magambo nk'ayo ni ugushaka kumenya niba kugwa kabiri kwabimubuza. Cyangwa kugwa icyumweru, cyangwa ukwezi, cyangwa umwaka? Cyangwa ibiri? Mbese ni ukugwa gukaze gute cyangwa ni igihe kingana gite dushobora kuvuga ko umuntu nk'uwo atari akijijwe? Inyigisho zo kwiyegurira ubwami zemera ko “ntawe ubasha kwumvira mu buryo butunganye” (Igitabo cyo haruguru, urupapuro174), ariko ikibazo cy'ingenzi ni uburyo budatunganye bute umuntu ashobora kwumvira agakomeza kwumva ko “yizeye” iby'agakiza kazanwa no kwiyegurira ubwami/ubutware? Niba “agakiza gasaba guhinduka kwuzuye” (Igitabo cyo haruguru, urupapuro183) kandi nkaba ntujuje ibya ngombwa, none se ntabwo nkijijwe? Cyangwa niba guhinduka kwanjye kutuzuye igihe kimwe mu bugingo bwanjye, mbese mbere ntabwo nari nkijijwe?³²²⁶

Aha rero hari ikibazo cy'ingenzi: “Ni buryo ki budatunganye umuntu yakwumvira cyangwa akaba atagira ibikorwa ariko akizera ko imirimo atari cyo cyerekana cyangwa gihamya cy'ukwizera no kugira ubugingo buhoraho?”

Mu rundi ruhande, niba agakiza ari ku bwo kwizera kwonyine Kristo wenyine kandi niba imirimo y'umuntu ari yo ihamya kamere n'ubusabane bw'umuntu no gukura kwe, noneho imirimo ye yaba mike cyangwa myinshi, ni yo ibahesha imigisha n'ingororano zo mu bugingo bw'iteka. Ntireba kwinjira kwanjye mu ijuru, ahubwo kamere ya gakondo yanjye yo mu ijuru.

Dusarura ibyo tubiba, ariko umusaruro si wo uduhesha ijuru cyangwa ubugingo buhoraho, ahubwo ni imigisha n'ibihano by’ubu, n'ingororano cyangwa kuzibura mu ijuru (Abaheburayo 12:7-13; 1 Abakorinto 11:28-32; Abaroma 8:12-13, 17; Abagalatiya 6:7-9; 1 Abakorinto 12-15; 2 Abakorinto 5:9-10).

Ryrie yaranditse ati:

Uko numva imbuto icyo ari cyo kandi icyo ntegereza ko abandi bagira, gishobora kuba amakosa na/cyangwa ibituzuye. Biroroshye kugira mu mutwe urutonde rw'imbuto z'Umwuka no kubasha kuvuga niba umuntu runaka udakora ibyo mfite kuri rwa rutonde ko atari umwizera. Ariko ukuri ni uko urwo rutonde abantu bagira akenshi ruba ari rugufi cyane, rujonjoye cyane, rubogamye cyane, kandi akenshi rutari urwo muri Bibiliya. Imana na Yo ifite urutonde rwuzuye kurusha urwo abenshi muri twe dufite.³²²⁷

Imbuto z'umuntu ntizikunze kugaragara. Imbuto z'umuntu zishobora kuba ibanga cyangwa izihindagurika, bityo rero kuba tutabona imbuto z'umuntu ntibivuga ko imbuto zimwe zidahari. Byongeye kandi, dushobora kubona imbuto z'umuntu, ariko ntidushobora kubona umutima we. Ntitumenya ikimutera gukora uko akora. Ibikorwa bye bishobora guterwa n'ibyifuzo byo kwikunda, gushaka kwiyerekana, cyangwa kwemerwa aho guterwa n'Umwuka n'urukundo.

Abatarizera benshi (abataratura kwizera Kristo) berekana imirimo myiza nko gufasha abakene, gusura abarwayi, kwita ku miryango yabo, kwigenga, no gukora ibizana inyungu z'abo babana mu bundi buryo. Ibi se byerekana ko bazi Imana? Oya! Mu gihe ibikorwa bishobora kwerekana ubugingo bushya n'ubusaban n'Umwami, ntabwo ari igihamya kuko hari izindi mpamvu nyinshi tudashobora kubona.

Dukurikije Ibyanditswe, imbuto zo kugira neza mu bugingo bw'umwizera ni ingaruka yo kwanganya amahage no kuguma mu Mwami, ingaruka y'umurimo w'Imana nka nyiri uruzabibu, n'igisubizo cy'umwizera ku bw'ubusabane no kwizera. Igihe Umwami wacu yavuze ati, “mutamfite nta cyo mwakora,” ntiyavugaga ko abizera batagomba kugira imirimo myiza, ahubwo ko hatagomba kubaho imbuto zitagira aho ziturutse - imirimo ituruka ku bugingo bushya n'imbaraga z'Umwuka.

Guhamiriza abandi Umwami ni igikorwa cyiza, ariko kugira ngo kibe imbuto kigomba kuba giturutse ku bugingo Bwe bukorera muri twe. Gereranya na Yohana 15:16; 26-27; Ibyakozwe 1:8 hamwe na Matayo 7:13-28 n'imbuzi ku bahanuzi b'ibinyoma basaga nk'intama, bahamirizaga abandi kandi bagakora ibindi bintu mu izina rya Kristo, ariko bakaba batari bashingiye ubugingo bwabo ku kuri kwa Kristo.

Niba umuntu ahaye ufite inyota igikombe cy'amazi afutse, bishobora kuba:

• Bitewe n'ubusabane n'Umwami kandi bityo n'agakiza.
• Bitewe n'ibitekerezo by'umurimo ukiza kimwe n'Abafarisayo bari abanyadini.
• Bitewe no kwifuza kwemerwa n'abandi cyangwa kwiyerekana. Muri ubu uryo ni igikorwa cyiza, ariko si imbuto y'Umwuka cyangwa y'ubusabane n'Umwami. Impamvu zibitera ni ingenzi kandi zitubwira byinshi ku kizitera (1 Abakorinto 4:5; Yakobo 4:3).
• Cyangwa se bishobora guterwa n'urukundo rwa kimuntu.

Niba umuntu avuga ko ari umukristo mu byo avuga kandi akora: ajya mu rusengero, agasenga, kandi akavuga ko akunda Umwami, ariko akanga gufasha uri mu bukene mu gihe abishoboye, ibi byerekana iki kuri uyu muntu? Bishobora kugaragaza ko adakijijwe - ariko si ko ari ngombwa. Mwibuke, abenshi mu batazi Kristo bafasha abakene. Ariko no kubyanga bishobora kwerekana ko umuntu atari mu busabane kandi ko atagendera mu kwizera gutewe n'Umwuka (1 Yohana 3:16-17; Abagalatiya 5:22-23; Yakobo 2:15-17).

Ikivugwa aha ni iki? Imirimo ntigaragaza iteka ko umuntu akijijwe. None agaciro k'imirimo myiza ni akahe?

Agaciro k'imirimo myiza (imbuto)

Kubera ibintu byinshi bitandukanye n'ingorane twavuze haruguru, imirimo ntigenewe kuba ishingiro ry'igitanga ibyiringiro by'agakiza. Ibyiringiro bishingiye ku bindi bintu bidahinyuka – umurimo wa Kristo n'Ijambo ry'Imana.²²⁸

• Imirimo myiza iha Imana ikuzo cyane cyane iyo impamvu ari iz'ukuri kandi Imana akaba ari isoko y'iyo mirimo kubera ko tuguma muri Kristo (1 Abakoritno 4:5; 6:20; 2 Abakorinto 9:13; 1 Petero 2:12; 4:16).
• Imirimo myiza ihamiriza abandi urukundo rw'Imana n'ukuri kw'abakristo. Ishobora kwerekana ukuri n'imbaraga by'Ubutumwa (2 Abakorinto 6:3-6; 1 Abatesalonike 2:1-12; Yohana 13:34-35).
• Imirimo myiza ikoresha urukundo rw'Imana mu kwita ku bantu (1 Yohana 3:17).
• Imirimo myiza izana amahoro na gahunda mu bantu (Abaroma 13:1-4; 1 Petero 2:14).

Noneho reka twe kwangiza Ubutumwa Bwiza bw'ubuntu twongeraho ibibonetse byose ku byo umuntu agomba gukora bitari ukwizera Ubutumwa bw'urukundo rw'Imana rukiza muri Kristo. Reka twese nk'abizera dushishikarire gukurira muri Kristo, kwicisha bugufi imbere y’ubwami Bwe, no kumwemerera guhindura ubugingo bwacu ari ko tugendera mu busabane n'Umukiza. Reka na none twibuke ko kimwe mu biranga agakiza ari igihano cy'Umwami (Abaheburayo 12:5 n'ikurikira).

Ibitekerezo kuri Yakobo 2:14-26

Yakobo 2:14-26 ni kimwe mu bice by'ingenzi bikoreshwa mu kwongera imirimo ku kwizera Kristo. Igitekerezo giteye gitya: Dukizwa kubwo kwizera kwonyine, ariko ukwizera nyakuri ntikuba kwonyine, cyangwa ukwizera gukiza ngo kube kwonyine,”kandi muri Yakobo 2:14-26 hakoreshwa mu gushyigikira ibi. Mbese Yakobo 2:14-26 bishyigikiye iki gitekerezo?

Hari ibintu bitatu kuri iki gice:

(1) Yakobo aravuguruza Intumwa Pawulo kandi akigisha agakiza kazanwa n'imirimo.

(2) Yakobo arigisha ko ukwizera nyakuri gukora imirimo kandi kukera imbuto ari ikimenyetso cy'ukuri cy'uko umuntu adakijijwe. “Uko kwizera” mu bice 2:14, uburyo bwo kwizera kutagira imirimo kandi kutera imbuto, ntigushobora gukiza gihenomu.

MacArthur yaranditse ati:

Bibiliya yigisha neza ko ibihamya umurimo w'Imana mu bugingo ari imbuto z'imyifatire ihindutse (1 Yohana 3:10). Kwizera kudaturuka ku kubaho mu gukiranuka kuba gupfuye kandi ntigushobora gukiza (Yakobo 2:14-17). Abavuga ko ari Abakristo bakaba batagira imbuto zo gukiranuka nyakuri ntibabona urufatiro rwo muri Bibiliya rw'ibyiringiro.²²⁹

(3) Yakobo arandika ku by'ingorane zo kwizera gupfuye, kudakora kw'umukristo ufite kwizera kwataye imbaraga no kwera imbuto kutagendana n'Umwami mu Ijambo ry'Imana .

Nta gushidikanya ko iki ari igice gikomeye, ariko ugukomera kwinshi kwacyo kuva mu ntekerezo zacu twisanganiwe, kubogama kwa Teolojia, ubusobanuro bw'Icyongereza (cyangwa Ikinyarwanda), n'uko twumva amagambo nko “gukiza,” “agakiza,” “umutima,” n'ubusobanuro nka “uko kwizera” mu murongo wa 14.

Nta gushidikanya ko kwizera kutagira imirimo mu buryo bumwe kuba gupfuye, ariko ibyo ntibivuga ko umuntu aba atizera cyangwa ko kwizera Kristo kwe kuba atari nyakwo. Ibyanditswe byigisha ko kwizera gutangira nk'akabuto ka sinapi kandi kakaba kagomba gukura. Iyo kutagaburiwe mu Ijambo ry'Imana no gusabana n'Umwami, ntigukura, umutima urushaho gukomera, kandi ubugingo ntibwere imbuto.

Inshuro nyinshi Ibyanditswe biha abizera imbuzi ku ngorane zo kutera imbuto (Tito 3:8, 14; 2 Petero 1:8).

Ubudaturwa bw'ubugingo bugumbashye bwari ingorane nyayo kandi yariho kuko abanditsi bo mu Isezerano Rishya bahuye nayo. Nta na rimwe bigeze bibeshya ko umwizera ashobora kwinjira muri icyo kidaturwa, cyangwa ngo bahature.²³⁰

Isano Yakobo afitanye na Pawulo na Teolojia ye

Kuba Yakobo atarandikiye guhakana cyangwa kuvuguruza inyigisho Pawulo yibandaho cyane mu nzandiko ze bigaragarira mu bintu bibiri: (a) Igitabo cya Yakobo cyanditswe kera cyane, mbere y'inzandiko za Pawulo zibanda ku gutsindishirizwa no kwizera kutazanwa n’imirimo. Igitabo cya Yakobo cyanditswe muri 45 nyuma y'ivuka rya Kristo, naho Abagalatiya n'Abaroma byanditswe muri 49 cyangwa muri 55 na 58. (b) Kuba Yakobo na Pawulo bavuga rumwe kandi bizeraga agakiza kubwo kwizera atari ku bw’imirimo byumvikana neza mu Byakozwe 15:1 n'imirongo ikurikira, no mu Bagalatiya 1:18-21; 2:9.

Igihe n'injyana igitabo cya Yakobo cyanditswemo

Abandikiwe: Nta gushidikanya, igitabo cya Yakobo cyandikiwe abizera, abo Yakobo yafataga nk'abakijijwe. Ntiyashidikanyaga ku gakiza kabo. Bigaragarira mu bikurikira:

• Yabise bene Data muri buri gice inshuro 15 muri iki gitabo (1:2, 16, 19; 2:1, 5, 14; 3:1, n'indi).
• Yabavuze nk’ “ababyawe n'Imana” (1:18), byerekeye ku guhindurwa bashya cyangwa kuvuka bundi bushya nk'impano y'Imana (1:17).
• Nk'imbuzi zo kwirinda gutonesha uruhande rumwe, Yakobo yibanda ku kwizera Umwami Yesu Kristo kwabo (2:1).
• Anavuga ku byerekeye “izina ryiza mwahawe,” byerekeye izina ry'abakristo kubera ukwizera Kristo no kwishyira hamwe kw'abakristo (Ibyakozwe 11:26; 1 Petero 4:16).
• Abigisha ni abashishikariza abantu mu buryo bushobora gukoreshwa bukagira ubusobanuro ku bakristo nyakuri (a) Mu gice cya 1:2-4 iby'intego y'ibigeragezo mu gukuza ukwizera kw'umuntu n'imico ye; (b) Mu gice cya 1:5-8 n’igice cya 4:2-3 avuga iby'uburenganzira bwabo ku gusenga n'uko bakeneye gusenga mu kwizera n'impamvu z'ukuri ngo bahabwe ibisubizo ubwenge kandi basubizwe ku by'ubukene bwabo; (c) Mu gice cya 1:12 iby'isezerano ry'ikamba ry'ubugingo; (d) Mu gice cya 1:20 ibyo gusohoza gukiranuka guturuka mu busabane n'Imana, ni ukuvuga, gukiranuka kw'Imana; (e) Mu gice cya 1:21 n'ikurikira ibyo kwakira Ijambo ryatewe muri bo, nk'indorerwamo, rishobora kutwereka uko turi no gutuma duhinduka; (f) No mu gice cya 4:5 iby'ishyari ku byerekeye Umwuka Wera utura mu bizera bose ngo adufashe kuba abiringirwa n'Umwami, Umukwe w'umugeni (reba 4:4).

Ingorane n'icyitabwaho

Mu gihe Yakobo yari azi ko abasomyi be bari abakijijwe, yari anazi uko bari bakeneye cyane Ijambo no gusubiza ku kuri kwaryo. Ukuri kw'uru rwandiko kwerekana ko nubwo bari abanyadini bashakira ukuri mu kwizera kwabo, bari aba kamere, ab'isi, kandi abishingikiriza ku mategeko. Bivuga ko biringira ubushobozi bwabo n'imirimo yabo ngo bemerwe n'Imana kandi bumve bakomeye.

Nk'uko bigaragara mu nzandiko za Pawulo, ibi ntibivuga ko bari badakijijwe cyangwa ko bari abavuga ko bakijijwe . Ahubwo bivuga ko bateraga imbuto kubera ko bakoreraga munsi y'integenke z'ubushobozi bwabo.

Bari ababyawe n'Imana (1:18), bari bene Data (1:2, 16, 19; 2:1), bari bizeye Kristo (2:1), ariko bari abanyadini nk'uko bigaragarira mu mbuzi ya Yakobo yo mu gice cya 1:26 hamwe n'ibikurikira: (a) Bumvaga Ijambo n’ubwo batarishyiraga mu bikorwa (1:22-26); (b) bateranaga nk'iteraniro ry'abizera (2:2); (c) bariyogezaga ku byo kugira amategeko (2:10-11), kandi, (d) bamwe bashakaga kuba abigisha mu iteraniro kandi bakiyogeza ubwabo kubwo gukura mu bwenge bwabo (3:1-2).

Bityo, n'ubwo bizeraga Kristo nyakuri ngo baronke agakiza (2:1), ntibagiraga ukubaturwa no gutabarwa biherekeza agakiza. Kumwizera kwo kubaho kwabo kwa buri munsi kwari gupfuye kudakora kimwe n'abakristo b'i Galatiya. Kimwe n'Abagalatiya, bari baraguye bava mu nzira y'ubuntu/ukwizera by'ubugingo buri mu mbaraga z'Umwuka (Abagalatiya 5:1-5).

Na none, bari abanyadini y'inyuma kuko bashakaga kugira ubugingo ku bw'ubushobozi bwabo kandi ibi byari byarabangamiye imbaraga z'Imana. Bari bafite imirimo imwe y'idini mu buryo bw'ibikorwa bimwe bitegetswe n'idini nk'uko bivugwa, ariko baburaga kwizera kwa ngombwa kw’ubusabane n'Umwami umwanya-ku-wundi mu: (a) gufata Ijambo ry’Imana ryari ryaratewe muri bo nk'indorerwamo (1:19-25); (b) mu murimo wo gutura w'Umwuka (4:5); no (c) mu kwegera Imana mu kwatura kutaryarya no kwicisha bugufi no kumeneka imbere y'Imana (1:21; 4:7-10).

Mu gihe bari abanyadini y'inyuma, baneshwaga n'ubwenge n'ingamba by'umuntu mu kwitwara mu bugingo aho gushaka ubwenge bw'Imana, bwo mu Ijambo ry’Imana bari bakeneye gushyira mu bikorwa ubwabo (1:2-27). Bayoborwaga n'iby'isi, ibyo mu isi, ibya kamere,n'abadayimoni (1:13-16; 3:13-18; 4:1-4).

Nk'ingaruka, mu gihe bari abanyadini, bari babuze ubugwaneza nk'ubwa Kristo bugaragarira mu imirimo ikorerwa abandi. Bari mu gihano cy'Imana kandi ahari igihano cyagera no ku gupfa (reba 1:21; 2:14; na 5:14-15, 19-20).

Ibikurikira byerekana ko kuneshwa ko kwizera kwabo kudakora kutashoboye kwakira ubutunzi bwa Kristo: (a) Bari bashobejwe n'ibigeragezo (1:2-4). (b) Abatunzi biringiraga ubutunzi bwabo (1:10-11; 5:1 n'ikurikira). (c) Abakene barizwaga n'ubukene bwabo (1:9). (d) Birengagizaga abakennye (1:27; 2:15-17). (e) Bacirwaga urubanza n'imyifatire nkora-cyaha yabo igaragazwa n'ibyaha byo ku rurimi - kurwana, gutongana, no kunengana (3:2-4:2, 11 n'ikurikira. (f) Barangwaga no kurobanura ku butoni (2:1 n'ikurikira). (g) Barangwaga no gushyira ibyabo imbere y'Umwami (4:13-17).

Amagambo y'ingenzi yo muri Yakobo 2:14 n'ikurikira:

(1) Kwizera: Yakobo ntagereranya kwizera kw'ukuri n'ukw'ibinyoma, ukwo umuntu avuga ko ari ukw'ukuri, ariko akaba atari ukuri. Aba bari bene Data (umurongo wa 14), abizera nyakuri bafite ukwizera Kristo nyakuri ku bw'agakiza. Ariko ku bw'imigendere yabo ya buri munsi, kwizera kwabo kwari gupfuye, kandi kutera imbuto. Kwizera, kugira ngo gukore kandi kwere imbuto, kugomba kugira icyo kwizera cy'ukuri kandi kugaterwa imbaraga n'ubusabane n'Umwami; bugomba gukurira mu buntu no mu kumenya Kristo (2 Petero 3:18). Kwizera kwabo kwari gufite icyo kwizera cy'ukuri kubwo gukizwa igihano cy'ibyaha, si ku bw'ubugingo no kunesha bya gikristo no kubasha kurwanya imbaraga z'icyaha. Na none, gereranya amagambo ya Pawulo mu Bagalatiya no mu Bakolosayi. Reba na Matayo 6:30; Abakolosayi 2:6; Abaroma 10:17; 2 Abakorinto 5:7; 1 Abatesalonike 1:3; 2:13.

(2) Gukiza: Muri Yakobo 1:21, Yakobo avuga iby'ubushobozi bw'Ijambo ry'Imana ribasha “gukiza ubugingo bwanyu.” Gereranya na 2:14 na 5:20. Tugomba kwitonda ngo tutumva nabi ibi. Ubusobanuro bw'Icyongereza cy'ubu (kimwe n’Ikinyarwanda) ku magambo menshi bwo bugira ubusobanuro bumwe gusa – “gukizwa gihenomu.” Ariko icyo si cyo Yakobo yashakaga kuvuga ni icyo abasomyi bagomye kumva. Ukurikije igice, ibi bivuga “gukiza ubugingo bwanyu” igihano cy'Imana n'ubutindi mwikururiye bwo kutagendera mu busabane. Inshuro 5 Yakobo akoresha ijambo sozo, “gukiza,” rivuga:

• Gukiza akaga, ibikomere, kubabazwa, cyangwa urupfu rw'umubiri (Matayo 8:25; 14:30; 27:40, 42; Mariko 13:20; Yakobo 4:12; 5:20).
• Gukiza uburwayi, kugarura ubuzima cyangwa imbaraga (Matayo 9:22; Mariko 5:24; Yakobo 5:15)
• Gukiza cyangwa gutabara mu buryo bw'Umwuka kuva mu gihano, imbaraga, no kubaho kw'icyaha (1 Abakorinto 1:21; Yakobo 1:21; 2:14; 1 Timoteyo 1:15). Agakiza kashize, k'ubu, kazaza. Ibice bimwe bishobora kuvuga iby'agakiza kashize, k'ubu, n'akazaza.

Ntidushobora kuvuga ko ubusobanuro bw'iri jambo bugarukira ku gukizwa gihenomu gusa. Yakobo avuga neza ko agakiza kabo, uko kameze, katashoboraga gukiza uwo ari we wese ibintu byatwaraga ubugingo bwabo. Ariko ntavuga gukizwa gihenomu. Kuki? Ibi ntibihuje n'igice nk'uko twabigaragaje haruguru. Ntiyari akeneye kubaburira, icyakora, ku by'ubucakara no kutagira umumaro kw'amategeko no gutungana gupfuye, no ku ngaruka z'ibyaha - kubura ingororano n'igihano cy'Imana gishobora kugera ku rupfu (1:15, 21; 4:12; 5:1-4,7-8, 9, 14-16, 20).

(1) Umutima: Umutima ni pseuche risobanurwa ngo “ubugingo”cyangwa “ubugingo bwinshi” nk'uko akenshi rinasobanurwa ngo “umutima” (inshuro 43 kuri 47 muri NASB). Hamwe (nko muri Yakobo 1:21) byagombye kuba byiza risobanjwe ijambo “ubugingo.”

(2) Ibikorwa: Yakobo aravuga ibikorwa byo kwizera gufite gukura, kwerera imbuto mu Mwuka ubatuyemo (Yakobo 4:5) n'Ijambo ryatewe muri bo (Yakobo 1:21). Pawulo, avuga iby'imirimo ikorerwa ahatari mu kwizera, iva muri kamere kandi ikorerwa kugira ngo abantu bemerwe n'Imana.

(3) Gutsindishirizwa: Iki ni Ikigiriki, dikaioo, rifite ubusobanuro bubiri: (a) kwitwa abakiranutsi kandi ryerekeye ku kwita abantu abakiranutsi ku bwo kwizera Kristo (Abaroma 5:1). (b) rishobora no kuvuga kwerekana gukiranuka (Matayo 11:19; Luka 7:35; Abaroma 3:4; 1 Timoteyo 3:16).²³¹ Yakobo arikoresha muri ubu buryo mu gice cya 2:21.

Umusozo

Hodges yahinnye iyi ngingo y'igitabo cya Yakobo maze arandika ati:

Yakobo...yasobanukiwe ukuntu byorohera abakristo, bari bazi ukuri gukomeye ko Imana yatwemeye ku bwo kwizera kwonyine, kugwa mu makosa yo kwongeraho imirimo myiza. Yasobanukiwe ukuntu iby'inyigisho yo kwitwara neza bishobora kuza imbere yo kwumvira gushyizwe mu bikorwa, kwa buri munsi. Muri make, yari azi ingorane yo gushaka kugororoka gupfuye.

Bumwe mu buryo Satani aturwanisha ni ugutuma dufungirana ingabo yacu yo kwizera mu kabati ka Teolojia yacu ku buryo tutigera tuyikoresha ku rugamba rwo mu bugingo bwa buri munsi.

Akenshi abakristo bagenda biratana kwamamaza aho bahagaze muri Teolojia, gutungana kwabo, kandi bavuga nabi abizera ibitandukanye n'ibyabo. Bavuga nk'abahanga muri Teolojia kandi bakitwara nk'abanzi ku rugamba.²³²

Muri uru rwandiko rwe rugufi, Yuda yahamagariye itorero “gushishikarira ibyo kwizera” (Yuda 3). Kuri twe uyu munsi, kwizera umubiri w'ukuri kwahishuwe mu Byanditswe. Kwerekeye ukuri gukomeye kw'ifatiro kwo mu Byanditswe ku bintu nk'Imana, Yesu Kristo, umuntu, agakiza, Bibiliya, n'ibintu bizaza birimo kugaruka kw'Umwami.

Uyu mubiri w'ukuri witwa kwizera kubera ko ugomba kugira kwizera, kandi kubera ko “ukwizera” kurimo Ubutumwa Bwiza ari bwo bw'ubuntu buha umuntu agakiza ku buntu, nta kiguzi, kwakirwa ku bwo kwizera aho kuba ku bw'imirimo y'umuntu.

Ariko uhereye kuva mu Byakozwe 15, itorero ryagombaga kwirinda ibirwanya Ubutumwa Bwiza aho abantu bagerageje kwongera uburyo bumwe bw'imirimo y'umuntu ku gakiza konyine nk’aho tugomba kubona agakiza ku bw'imirimo y'amategeko, nko gukebwa, cyangwa igisa na ko uyu munsi, umubatizo w'amazi. Mu by'ukuri, Ubutumwa bw'ubuntu bw'Imana muri Kristo bwugarijwe n'abanzi kandi dukeneye kubasha gushishikarira kwizera.

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¹⁹¹ Chafer, Systematic Theology, Vol. 3, Dallas Seminary Press, Dallas, TX, 1948, p. 371.

¹⁹² Robert N. Wilkin, “Repentance and Salvation,” Part 1, The Journal of the Grace Evangelical Society, Vol. 1, No. 1, Autumn 88, p. 11.

¹⁹³ Charles C. Ryrie, So Great Salvation, Victor Books, Wheaton, 1989, p. 91.

¹⁹⁴ Ryrie, p. 92.

¹⁹⁵ Bob Wilkin, “Repentance and Salvation,” Part 3, The Journal of the Grace Evangelical Society, Vol. 2, No. 2, Autumn 89, p. 13.

¹⁹⁶ Ryrie, p. 92.

¹⁹⁷ J. I. Packer, Evangelism and the Sovereignty of God, InterVarsity, Downers Grove, IL, 1961, pp. 72-73.

¹⁹⁸ Lewis Sperry Chafer, Vital Theological Issues, Roy B. Zuck, General Editor, Kregel, Grand Rapids, 1994, p. 119.

¹⁹⁹ “Kindred Spirit,” a quarterly publication of Dallas Seminary, Summer 1989, p. 5.

²⁰⁰ Ryrie, p. 97.

²⁰¹ Ryrie, p. 98.

²⁰² Ryrie, p. 98.

²⁰³ Wilkin, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 18.

²⁰⁴ Wilkin, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 18.

²⁰⁵ Wilkin, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 18.

²⁰⁶ Ryrie, p. 99.

²⁰⁷ Wilkin, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 20.

²⁰⁸ “The Grace Evangelical Society News,” Vol. 4, No. 10, Oct. 1989, p. 4, Taken from The Sword of the Lord, Feb. 3, 1989.

²⁰⁹ Lewis Sperry Chafer Systematic Theology, Vol. 2, Abridged Edition, John F. Walvoord, Editor, Donald K. Campbell, Roy B. Zuck, Consulting Editors, Victor Books, Wheaton, IL, 1988, p. 195.

²¹⁰ “Grace Evangelical Society News,” June-July 1988, p. 1.

²¹¹ Grace Evangelical Society News,” June-July 1988, p. 3.

²¹² Kindred Spirit, Summer 1989, p. 6.

²¹³ Kindred Spirit, Summer 1989, p. 6.

²¹⁴ John F. MacArthur, Jr., The Gospel According to Jesus, Zondervan, Grand Rapids, 1988, footnote 2, p. 97.

²¹⁵ Ryrie, p. 61.

²¹⁶ Everett F. Harrison, “Romans,” The Expositor’s Bible Commentary, Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1976, 10:112.

²¹⁷ A.T. Robertson and W. Hersey Davis, A New Short Grammar of the Greek New Testament, Harper & Bros., New York, 1933, p. 219.

²¹⁸ Daniel B. Wallace, Greek Grammar Beyond the Basics: An Exegetical Syntax of the New Testament, Zondervan, Grand Rapids, 1996, p. 187-188.

²¹⁹ Edwin A. Blum, “John,” The Bible Knowledge Commentary, the New Testament Edition, Editors, John F. Walvoord and Roy B. Zuck, Victor Books, Wheaton, 1983, p. 281.

²²⁰ Dufite amabango abiri yo mu buryo bw’ishingiro mu byanditswe mu Ikigiriki: 1) “kwozwa no guhindurwa bashya”- no 2) “kugirwa bashya n’Umwuka Wera.” Aya mabango “Guhindurwa bashya” n’ “Uumwuka Wera” yose ari mu buryo bw’ishingiro (inkomoko). Hari uburyo bwinshi bwo gukoresha iby’ishingiro mu Kigiriki, ariko hamwe n’amazina y’igikorwa nko kwozwa cyangwa guhindurwa, izina riri mu buryo bw’ishingiro ryerekana ikintu igikorwa cyerekeyeho, cyaba ruhamwa cyangwa se icyuzuzo cy’igikorwa cy’inshinga. Ikibazo: Mbese kwozwa no guhindurwa mushya byerekeye kuri ruhamwa cyangwa icyuzuzo by’ishingiro? Niba ari ruhamwa, bikora igikorwa nk’uko cyerekanwa n’ubusobanuro bwa NASB na NIV, “guhindurwa/guhinduka mushya bikozwe n’Umwuka Wera.” Pawulo yanditse ibyo guhindurwa bashya bikorwa n’Umwuka Wera, atari ubundi buryo butandukanye n’ubwo, ni ukuvuga, “guhindurwa mushya bikorwa n’Umwuka Wera,” ibintu bitumvikana. Aya mabango yombi abanjirijwe na mbanza imwe “na” (dia), kandi agahuzwa na “na” (kai). Ibi byerekana ibintu bibiri: (1) kubera ukuntu bikoreshejwe kimwe, twumva ko izo shingiro zombi zigomba kuba zimwe, ruhamwa cyangwa icyuzuzo, kandi kubera ko ibango rya kabiri rishobora kuba icyuzuzo cy’ishingiro gusa, “guhindurwa n’Umwuka Wera,” ni ko n’irya mbere rigomba kuba, “kwozwa no guhindurwa bashya.” (2) Akajambo “na” (kai) ni agasobanura “nubwo,” cyangwa “nyirizina,” ku buryo ibango rya kabiri ari ubusobanuro bugira icyo bwongera ku bwa mbere. Mu buryo bw’Ikibonezamvugo twashobora kubwita, “kwozwa gukorwa no guhindurwa mushya, nubwo (cyangwa nyirizina) kuvuka ubwa kabiri gukozwe n’Umwuka Wera.” Guhindurwa mushya biva mu kwezwa mu by’Umwuka, imbabazi z’ibyaha kandi ibi ni igice cyo kubyarwa ubwa kabiri n’Umwuka Wera.

²²¹ Lewis Sperry Chafer Systematic Theology, Vol. 2, p. 194-195.

²²² Lewis Sperry Chafer Systematic Theology, Vol. 3, Kregel, Grand Rapids, 1993, p. 378-79.

²²³ The Ryrie Study Bible, NASB, Moody Press, Chicago, 1976, 1978, p. 1716.

²²⁴ See Assault #2, for a discussion of this verse as it pertains to the word “Lord,” or see Ryrie’s, So Great Salvation, p. 70-72.

²²⁵ Ryrie, p. 47.

²²⁶ Ryrie, p. 47-48.

²²⁷ Ryrie, pp. 45-46.

²²⁸ See Part 1, Lesson 2, Assurance of Salvation.

²²⁹ MacArthur, Jr., p. 23. Compare also MacArthur’s statement on page 170.

²³⁰ Zane Hodges, Absolutely Free, Redención Viva, Academie Books, Zondervan Publishing House, p. 120.

²³¹ G. Abbot-Smith; A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament, 3rd ed., T. & T. Clark, Edinburgh, 1937, p. 116.

²³² Hodges, p. 122-123.