1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 sn See the note on Christ in 1:16. 22 23 24 sn The judgment seat (βῆμα, bhma) was a raised platform mounted by steps and usually furnished with a seat. It was used by officials in addressing an assembly or making official pronouncements, often of a judicial nature. 25 26 27 28 29 30 sn See the note on Christ in 1:16. 31 sn See the note on crucified in 20:19. 32 33 34 35 sn A Roman flogging (traditionally, “scourging”) was an excruciating punishment. The victim was stripped of his clothes and bound to a post with his hands fastened above him (or sometimes he was thrown to the ground). Guards standing on either side of the victim would incessantly beat him with a whip (flagellum) made out of leather with pieces of lead and bone inserted into its ends. While the Jews only allowed 39 lashes, the Romans had no such limit; many people who received such a beating died as a result. See C. Schneider, TDNT, 515-19. 36 37 38 sn The governor’s residence (Grk “praetorium”) was the Roman governor’s official residence. The one in Jerusalem may have been Herod’s palace in the western part of the city, or the fortress Antonia northwest of the temple area. 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 sn The statement Hail, King of the Jews! is a mockery patterned after the Romans’ cry of Ave, Caesar (“Hail, Caesar!”). 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 sn An allusion to Ps 22:18. 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 sn Cf. Luke 8:3. 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109