1map For location see Map1-D2; Map2-D3; Map3-A2; Map4-C1.

2tn Heb “he sent to.”

3tn Heb “and to the kings who [are] from the north in.”

4tn Heb “Chinneroth,” a city and plain located in the territory of Naphtali in Galilee (BDB 490 s.v. כִּנֶּרֶת, כִּנֲרוֹת).

sn Kinnereth was a city in Galilee located near the Sea of Galilee (Deut 3:17). The surrounding region also became known by this name (1 Kgs 15:20; cf. Matt 14:34), and eventually even the lake itself (Josh 12:3; cf. Luke 5:1).

5tn The verb “came” is supplied in the translation (see v. 4).

6tn Or “land.”

7tn Heb “They and all their camps with them came out, a people as numerous as the sand which is on the edge of the sea in multitude, and [with] horses and chariots very numerous.”

8tn Heb “and came and camped together.”

9tn Heb “burn with fire”; the words “with fire” are redundant in English and have not been included in the translation.

10tn Heb “Joshua and all the people of war with him came upon them at the Waters of Merom suddenly and fell upon them.”

11map For location see Map1-A1; JP3-F3; JP4-F3.

12tn The meaning of the Hebrew name “Misrephoth Maim” is perhaps “lime-kilns by the water” (see HALOT 2:641).

13tn Heb “burned with fire”; the words “with fire” are redundant in English and have not been included in the translation.

14map For location see Map1-D2; Map2-D3; Map3-A2; Map4-C1.

15tn Or “formerly.”

16tn Heb “and they struck down all life which was in it with the edge of the sword, annihilating.”

17tn Heb “burned with fire”; the words “with fire” are redundant in English and have not been included in the translation.

18tn Heb “and he struck them down with the edge of the sword, he annihilated them.”

19tn Heb “standing on their mounds.”

20map For location see Map1-D2; Map2-D3; Map3-A2; Map4-C1.

21tn Heb “but all the people they struck down with the edge of the sword until they destroyed them.”

22tn Heb “As the Lord commanded Moses his servant, so Moses commanded Joshua, and Joshua acted accordingly; he did not turn aside a thing from all which the Lord commanded Moses.”

23tn Heb “Joshua took all this land.”

24tn Or “foothills”; Heb “the Shephelah.”

25tn Heb “and struck them down and killed them.”

26tn Heb “made war with.”

27tn Heb “for many days.”

28tn The LXX omits this parenthetical note, which may represent a later scribal addition.

29tn Heb “the whole they took in battle.”

30tn Heb “for from the Lord it was to harden their heart[s] to meet for the battle with Israel, in order to annihilate them, so that they would receive no mercy, in order annihilate them, as the Lord commanded Moses.”

31tn Heb “went and cut off the Anakites from the hill country.”

32tn Heb “and from all the hill country of Israel.”

33tn Heb “took.”

34tn Heb “according to all which the Lord said to Moses.” The translation assumes this refers to the promise of the land (see 1:3). Another possibility is that it refers to the Lord’s instructions, in which case the phrase could be translated, “just as the Lord had instructed Moses” (so NLT; cf. also NIV “had directed Moses”).

35tn Heb “and Joshua gave it for an inheritance to Israel according to their allotted portions by their tribes.”