Extra-Biblical Evidence for Jesus: Signs of His Presence from Outside Scripture

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The Evidence from Roman or Roman Empire Sources

    Suetonius, Claudias 25.4. De Vita Caesarum

    Life of Nero 16.2

    Tacitus, Annals xv.44.

    Pliny the Younger, Epistles x.96-97.

    Julius Africanus on Thallus

    Lucian of Samasota, The Passing of Peregrinus.

Source from a Syrian Philosopher

    Mara bar Sarapion.

    Josephus, Antiquities 18.116-19

    Josephus, Antiquities 20.200,

    Josephus, Antiquities 20.200

    Eusebius, Ecclesiastical History 1.1.7-8

    Eusebius, Demonstration of the Gospel 3.5.105-06

    Origen, Against Celsus 1.47

    Origen, Commentary on Matthew 10.17.

Rabbinic Sources and Evidence of Debate with the Church Fathers

    b Sanh 43a and 107b

    b ‘Abodah Zerah 27b, 16b-17a

    Tosefta, Shehitat Hullin

    ‘Abodah Zerah 16b-17a

    ‘Abodah Zerah 27b

    Justin, Dialogue 69:7

    Justin, First Apology 30

    Justin, Dialogue 108

    Origen, Contra Celsum 1:68.

    Justin’s Dialogue 69:7