The Backdrop to Jesus’ Ministry: John the Baptist, Jesus’ Baptism and Temptations (Matthew 3:1–4:11; Mark 1:1-13; Luke 3:1–4:13)

15. The Introduction to Mark (Mark 1:1; Aland # 1; Orchard # 2: Huck-Greeven # 13a)

Proverbs 1:1 LXX

Ecclesiastes 1:1 LXX

Song of Songs 1:1 LXX

Justin Martyr, Apology 1.66.

16. John the Baptist and Scripture (Mark 1:2-6; Matthew 3:1-6; Luke 3:1-6; Aland # 13; Orchard # 17; Huck-Greeven # 13b)

Sirach 48:10

1QS 8:12-16; 9:17-20

Josephus, Jewish War, 2.259-261

Josephus, Antiquities, 18.116-119

17. John’s Preaching of Repentance (Matthew 3:7-10; Luke 3:7-9; Aland # 14; Orchard # 18; Huck-Greeven #14)

18. What Then Shall We Do? (Luke 3:10-14; Aland # 15; Orchard # 19; Huck-Greeven #15)

Josephus, Antiquities 12.4.2-9 160-220

Suetonius, Tiberius 32

Dio Cassius, Roman History 57.10.5

Sirach 4:1, 4, 8; 7:32; 10:23; 11:12; 34:21.

19. The One Mightier to Come (Matthew 3:11-12; Mark 1:7-8; Luke 3:15-18; Aland # 16; Orchard # 20; Huck-Greeven # 16)

Mekilta de Rabbi Ishmael, Nezakin 1 on Exodus 21:2

Jubilees 9:15; 36:10;

1 Enoch 10:6; 54:6; 90: 24-27

2 Esdras 7:36-38; 13:4;

Psalms of Solomon 15:4-7

1QH 3:28-31; 1QS 2:8, 15; 4:13

20. John’s Imprisonment (Luke 3:19-20; noted later in Matthew 14:3-4; Mark 6:17-18; Aland # 17; Orchard # 21; Huch-Greeven # 17)

Josephus, Antiquities 18.109-115

Josephus, Antiquities 18.116-119

Josephus, Antiquities 16.42; 7.338, 342, 356, 374, 384; 9.236

Josephus, War 2.139

21. Jesus’ Baptism (Matthew 3:13-17; Mark 1:9-11; Luke 3:21-22: Aland # 18; Orchard # 22; Huck-Greeven # 18)

Jerome, Against Pelagius III.2.

22. The Genealogy of Jesus (Luke 3:23-38; Aland # 19; Orchard # 23; Huck-Greeven # 19)

23. The Temptations of Jesus (Matthew 4:1-11; Mark 1:12-13; Luke 4:10-13; Aland # 20; Orchard # 24; Huck-Greeven # 20)

Testament of Naphtali 8:4