2tn Heb “the river,” referring to the Euphrates. This has been specified in the translation for clarity.

3tn Or “served.”

4tn Heb “the river,” referring to the Euphrates. This has been specified in the translation for clarity.

5tn Or “through.”

6tn Heb “I gave to Esau Mount Seir to possess it.”

7tn Heb “by that which I did in its midst.”

8tn Heb “they”; the referent (the fathers) has been specified in the translation for clarity (see the previous verse).

9tn Or “put darkness between you and the Egyptians.”

10tn Heb “and he brought over them the sea and covered them.”

11tn Heb “your eyes saw.”

12tn Heb “many days.”

13tn Or “took possession of.”

14tn Heb “arose and fought.”

15tn Heb “sent and called.”

16tn Or “to curse.”

17tn The infinitive absolute follows the finite verb in the Hebrew text and indicates continuation or repetition of the action. Balaam pronounced several oracles of blessing over Israel (see Num 23-24).

18tn Heb “blessing.” Balaam’s “blessings” were actually prophecies of how God would prosper Israel.

19tn Heb “hand.”

20map For location see Map5-B2; Map6-E1; Map7-E1; Map8-E3; Map10-A2; Map11-A1.

21tn Or perhaps, “citizens.”

22tn Traditionally, “the hornet” (so KJV, NKJV, NASB, NIV, NRSV) but the precise meaning of the Hebrew word is uncertain (cf. NEB “panic”).

23tn The LXX has “twelve,” apparently understanding this as a reference to Amorite kings west of the Jordan (see Josh 5:1, rather than the trans-Jordanian Amorite kings Sihon and Og (see Josh 2:10; 9:10).

24tn Heb “and it drove them out from before you, the two kings of the Amorites, not by your sword and not by your bow.” The words “I gave you the victory” are supplied for clarification.

25tn Or perhaps, “for.”

26tn The words “the produce of” are supplied for clarification.

27sn Joshua quotes the Lord’s words in vv. 2b-13 (note that the Lord speaks in the first person in these verses); in vv. 14-15 Joshua himself exhorts the people (note the third person references to the Lord).

28tn Heb “fear.”

29tn Or “and serve.”

30tn Heb “your fathers.”

31tn Or “served.”

32tn Heb “the river,” referring to the Euphrates. This has been specified in the translation for clarity; see v. 3.

33tn Or “and serve.”

34tn Heb “if it is bad in your eyes.”

35tn Or “to serve.”

36tn Or “will serve.”

37tn Heb “your fathers.”

38tn Or “served.”

39tn Heb “the river,” referring to the Euphrates. This has been specified in the translation for clarity; see v. 3.

40tn Heb “house.”

41tn Or “will serve.”

42tn Heb “to.”

43tn Or “can serve.”

44tn Heb “of the house of slavery.”

45tn Heb “for the Lord our God, he is the one who brought up us and our fathers from the land of Egypt, from the house of slaves.”

46tn Or “great signs.”

47tn Heb “and he guarded us in all the way in which we walked and among all the peoples through whose midst we passed.”

48tn Or “will serve.”

49tn Heb “said to.”

50tn Heb “you are not able to serve.”

51sn For an excellent discussion of Joshua’s logical argument here, see T. C. Butler, Joshua (WBC), 274-75.

52tn In the Hebrew text both the divine name (אֱלֹהִים, ’elohim) and the adjective (קְדֹשִׁים, q˙doshim, “holy”) are plural. Normally the divine name, when referring to the one true God, takes singular modifiers, but this is a rare exception where the adjective agrees grammatically with the honorific plural noun. See GKC §124.i and IBHS 122.

53tn Heb “lift up” or “take away.”

sn This assertion obviously needs qualification, for the OT elsewhere affirms that God does forgive. Joshua is referring to the persistent national rebellion against the Mosaic covenant that eventually cause God to decree unconditionally the nation’s exile.

54tn Or “when.”

55tn Or “and serve.”

56tn The words “against you” are added for clarification.

57tn Heb “bring you to an end.”

58tn Heb “after he did good for you.”

59tn The translation assumes that כִּי (ki) is emphatic. Another option is to take it as explanatory, “No, for we will….”

60tn Or “will serve.”

61tn Heb “You are witnesses against yourselves that you have chosen for yourselves the Lord to serve him.”

62sn Like witnesses in a court of law, Israel’s solemn vow to worship the Lord will testify against them in the divine court if the nation ever violates its commitment.

63tn The words “Joshua said” are supplied for clarification.

64tn Heb “bend your heart toward.” The term לֵבָב (levav, “heart”) probably here refers to the people’s volition or will.

65tn Or “will serve.”

66tn Heb “and listen to his voice.”

67tn Heb “cut a covenant.”

68tn Heb “a statute and a judgment.”

69tn Heb “all the words of the Lord which he spoke with us.”

70tn Or “lest,” “so that you might not.”

71tn Heb “And Joshua sent the people away, each to his inheritance.”

72tn Heb “after these things.”

73tn Heb “in the territory of his inheritance.”

74tn Or “served.”

75tn Heb “all the days of Joshua and all the days of the elders who outlived him.”

76tn Heb “who knew all the work of the Lord which he had done for Israel.”

77tn Heb “one hundred qesitahs.” The Hebrew word קְשִׂיטָה (qesitah) is generally understood to refer to a unit of money, but the value and/or weight is unknown. The word occurs only here and in Gen 33:19 and Job 42:11.

78tn Heb “and they became for the sons of Joseph an inheritance.” One might think “bones” is the subject of the verb “they became,” but the verb is masculine, while “bones” is feminine. The translation follows the emendation suggested in the BHS note, which appeals to the Syriac and Vulgate for support. The emended reading understands “the part (of the field)” as the subject of the verb “became.” The emended verb is feminine singular; this agrees with “the part” (of the field), which is feminine in Hebrew.

79tn Heb “in Gibeah of Phinehas, his son, which had been given to him in the hill country of Ephraim.”