1tn This word only occurs here and in the parallel passage in Jer 31:29-30 in the Qal stem and in Eccl 10:10 in the Piel stem. In the latter passage it refers to the bluntness of an ax that has not been sharpened. Here the idea is of the “bluntness” of the teeth, not from having ground them down due to the bitter taste of sour grapes but to the fact that they have lost their “edge,” “bite,” or “sharpness” because they are numb from the sour taste. For this meaning for the word, see W. L. Holladay, Jeremiah (Hermeneia), 2:197.

2tn This expression occurs often in Ezekiel (5:11; 14:16, 18, 20; 16:48; 17:16, 19; 20:3, 31, 33; 33:11, 27; 34:8; 35:6, 11).

3tn Heb “life.”

4tn Heb, “on the mountains he does not eat.” The mountains are often mentioned as the place where idolatrous sacrifices were eaten (Ezek 20:28; 22:9; 34:6).

5tn Heb, “does not lift up his eyes.” This refers to looking to idols for help.

6tn Heb, “does not draw near to.” “Draw near” is a euphemism for sexual intercourse (Lev 18:14; Deut 22:14; Isa 8:3).

7tn Heb “restores to the debtor his pledge.” The root occurs in Exod 22:25 in reference to restoring a man’s garment as a pledge before nightfall.

8tn The Hebrew term refers to seizure of property, usually by the rich (Isa 3:14; 10:2; Mic 2:2 [see Lev 5:21, 22]).

9sn This law was given in Lev 25:36.

10tn Heb, “turns back his hand.”

11tn Heb “justice of truth.”

12tc The MT reads לַעֲשׂוֹת אֱמֶת (laasot emet, “to do with integrity”), while the LXX reads “to do them,” presupposing לַעֲשׂוֹת אֹתָם (laasot otam). The ם (mem) and ת (tav) have been reversed in the MT. The LXX refelcts the original, supported by similar phrasing in Ezekiel 11:20; 20:19.

13tn Heb “he.”

14tn Heb “living, he will live.” The infinitive absolute precedes the finite verb for emphasis.

15tn Heb “begets.”

16tn Heb “and he does, a brother, from one of these.” If “brother” is retained, it may be an adverbial accusative, “against a brother” (i.e., fellow Israelite). But the form is likely dittographic (note the אח [aleph-heth] combination in the following form).

17tn Heb “and he all of these did not do.” The parenthetical note refers back to the father described in the preceding verses.

18sn See note on “mountains” in v. 6.

19sn The poor and needy are often mentioned together in the OT (Deut 24:14; Jer 22:16; Ezek 14:69; Ps 12:6; 35:10; 37:14).

20tn Heb “lifts up his eyes.”

21tn Heb “be put to death.” The translation follows an alternative reading that appears in several ancient textual witnesses.

22tn Heb “his blood will be upon him.”

23tn Heb “and he sees and does not do likewise.”

24tc This translation follows the LXX. The MT reads “restrains his hand from the poor,” which makes no sense here.

25tn Or “in his father’s punishment.” The phrase “in/for [a person’s] iniquity/punishment” occurs fourteen times in Ezekiel: here and in vv. 18, 19, 20; 3:18, 19; 4:17; 7:13, 16; 24:23; 33:6, 8, 9; 39:23. The Hebrew word for “iniquity” may also mean the “punishment for iniquity.”

26tn Heb “lift up, bear.”

27tn Heb “lift up, bear.”

28tn Heb “lift up, bear.”

29tn Heb “the righteousness of the righteous one will be upon him, and the wickedness of the wicked one will be upon him.”

30tn Heb “remembered.”

31tn Heb “because of them he will die.”

32tn Heb “way.”

33tn Heb “for them” or “because of them.”

34tn Heb “he saw.”

35tn Heb “ways.”

36tn The verbs and persons in this verse are plural whereas the individual has been the subject of the chapter.

37tn Or “leading to punishment.”

38sn In Ezek 11:19, 36:26 the new heart and new spirit are promised as future blessings.

39tn Heb “the death of the one dying.”