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MESSAGE STATEMENT:
JESUS AS THE "SON OF MAN" IN HUMILIATION (AND GLORY) CAME IN
FULFILLMENT OF THE PROMISES TO ISRAEL TO BRING THE FORGIVENESS OF
SINS TO THE NATION OF ISRAEL AND TO ALL PEOPLES WHO REPENT AND
FOLLOW HIM AS THE SUFFERING-MESSIAH
I. THE PROLOGUE: Luke is writing a (theo)logical presentation
 of Jesus' acts and teaching which is based upon carefully
 researched, historical, eyewitness accounts so that
 Theophilus may have a true knowledge about the nature of his
 faith (that which he has been taught) 1:1-4
 A. Description of Precedent: Luke notes that many have
 compiled accounts of the life of Jesus 1:1
 B. Origin of Precedent: Luke notes that the accounts were
 handed down from those who were reliable eyewitnesses
 (probably disciples) in that they served Jesus' cause
 (the Lord--"word") 1:2
 C. Luke's Approach: Having done careful research, Luke
 wrote it out for Theophilus in logical order (the order
 of salvation-history) 1:3
 D. Luke's Goal: Luke wrote to Theophilus so that ( i@na )
 he might know the truth about the things which he had
 been taught 1:4
 1. In view of Luke-Acts Theophilus may well have been
 taught that God was judging the Church because it
 had rejected the Jews for a Gentile version of
 Christianity
 2. Luke writes to explain that the Way is in fact an
 outgrowth of Judaism, but that it was primarily
 Gentile in nature (Acts) because the Jews had
 rejected God's Messiah--Jesus
II. THE BIRTH ANNOUNCEMENTS: Through a literary interchange
 between "John and Jesus" Luke proclaims that God has come
 upon His people for the personal, national, and
 international sake of His people, namely, to deliver them
 from the evil of sin 1:5--2:52
 A. Prophecy of John's Birth: The announcement of the
 conception of John (who would prepare the way for the
 Lord as the Elijah figure) was given by Gabriel, an
 angel of the Lord, to Zacharias and Elizabeth, two
 upright saints, and was fulfilled in exact accordance
 with the word of the prophecy including the confirming
 sign of muteness because of Zacharias' unbelief 1:5-25
 1. Setting: During the reign of Herod the Great over
 Judea, Zacharias was a priest, and he and his
 wife, Elizabeth, were righteous before God, but
 old and barren 1:5-7
 a. When Herod (the Great) was king of Judea,
 Zacharias was a priest from the division of
 Abijah (1 Chron. 24:10), and his wife was
 Elizabeth from the daughters of Aaron 1:5
 b. Zacharias and Elizabeth were both righteous
 and blameless before God, but they were also
 old and without children because Elizabeth
 was barren 1:6-7
 2. The Announcement: When Zacharias was serving as an
 appointed priest in the holy place, an angel
 appeared to him and announced that the Lord had
 heard his prayers, and thus he would have a son
 whom he was to name John, who would be separated
 unto the Lord in order to serve in a great way as
 the Elijah figure to prepare the nation for the
 Lord's coming 1:8-17
 a. While Zacharias was serving as a priest in
 Jerusalem, he was chosen by lot to enter the
 temple of the Lord in order to burn incense
 (cf. Ex. 30:6-7; Heb. 9:1-4) while all of the
 people were praying outside of the temple
 (perhaps at the time of the evening offering-
 -3:00 PM; cf. Dan. 9:21; Acts 3:1) 1:8-10
 b. When an angel of the Lord appeared to
 Zacharias, he calmed Zacharias' fear by
 announcing that he and Elizabeth would have a
 son who would serve in a great way before the
 Lord in the role of Elijah to the nation
 awaiting the Lord 1:11-17
 1) An angel of the Lord (Gabriel, 1:19)
 appeared to Zacharias causing him to be
 gripped with fear 1:11-12
 2) The angel told Zacharias not to be
 afraid because His prayer (for the
 nation? for a son?) had been heard by
 God 1:13a
 3) The angel told Zacharias that Elizabeth
 would also give birth to a son whose
 name was to be John bringing about
 rejoicing for them and many others
 1:13b-14
 4) The reason there will be rejoicing at
 the birth of John is because of his
 great, Spirit-filled ministry in the
 role of Elijah 1:15-17
 a) John will be great before the Lord
 1:15a
 b) John will not drink wine or
 liquor,1 but be separate unto the
 Spirit who will fill him will in
 his mother's womb 1:15b
 c) He will function in the role of
 Elijah by turning the heart of the
 nation to the Lord their God (Mal.
 4:6), in order to make ready for
 the coming of the Lord 1:16-17
 3. The Sign: When Zacharias expressed unbelief by
 questioning the certainty of the Angel's
 announcement, He was given two assurances: (1)
 this was a reliable message from Gabriel who
 stands in God's presence, and (2) he will be mute
 until the child is born 1:18-20
 a. Zacharias questioned the certainty of the
 angel's announcement since both he and
 Elizabeth were old 1:18
 b. The angel assured Zacharias of the certainty
 of his announcement by affirming his identity
 as a messenger from God, and by predicting
 that Zacharias would be mute until the
 predicted child was born 1:19-20
 1) The angel confirmed his announcement by
 the very essence of who he was: Gabriel,
 who stands in God's presence, who was
 sent to bring to Zacharias this good
 news 1:19
 2) The angel confirmed his announcement by
 proclaiming that Zacharias would be
 unable to speak until the birth of his
 son occurs because of his unbelief 1:20
 4. The Fulfillment: The words of Gabriel
 supernaturally occurred as Zacharias came out of
 the temple mute, as the people realized that he
 had seen a vision, as Elizabeth became pregnant,
 and as she silently identified with Zacharias for
 five months thankful for the Lord's work 1:21-25
 a. Setting: The people who were waiting for
 Zacharias outside of the holy place (1:10)
 began to wonder about his delay 1:21
 b. When Zacharias came out of the holy place he
 was unable to speak (as the angel predicted),
 and the people knew that he had seen a vision
 in the temple 1:22
 c. After Zacharias completed his priestly duty
 in Jerusalem, he returned home, and Elizabeth
 became pregnant 1:23-24a
 d. Identifying with Zacharias' silence,
 Elizabeth kept her self in seclusion for five
 months honoring God for taking away her
 disgrace 1:24b-25
 B. Prophecy of Jesus' Birth: After the angel Gabriel
 announced to Mary that God was going to cause her to
 conceive a son whom she would name Jesus, and who would
 be the eternal, Davidic king over Israel, Mary found
 the words to be confirmed by her relative Elizabeth and
 honored the Lord for faithfully exalting the lowly
 (Mary, Israel) who trust in Him 1:26-56
 1. Setting: Gabriel was sent from God to Mary, a
 virgin engaged to Joseph of the descendants of
 David, who lived in Nazareth of Galilee during the
 sixth month of Elizabeth's pregnancy 1:26-27
 2. The Announcement: Through a dialogue with Mary,
 the angel Gabriel announced that the Lord was
 going to enable her to conceive a son whom she
 would name Jesus, and who would be the eternal,
 Davidic king over Israel 1:28-33
 a. Gabriel entered into where Mary was and
 greeted her as one upon whom God is bestowing
 grace ( kecaritwmevnh ), and whom God is with
 (cf. Judges 6:4) 1:28
 b. Mary responded to Gabriel's greeting with
 great confusion wondering what this meant
 1:29
 c. Calming Mary's fear by assuring her of God's
 grace towards her, Gabriel announced to Mary
 that she would conceive a son whom she would
 name Jesus, and who would be Messiah/God
 inheriting the Davidic throne, and reigning
 over Israel forever 1:30-33
 1) Gabriel assured her that she should not
 be afraid because she had received grace
 (found favor, cavrin) before God (cf.
 Noah in Gen. 6:8; Moses in Ex. 33:16)
 1:30
 2) Gabriel then announced that Mary would
 conceive, bear a son, and name him Jesus
 (cf. Hagar, Gen. 16:11; Manoah, Judges
 13:3; Ahaz, Isa. 7:14) 1:31
 3) Gabriel then announced the ministry of
 this child as being great as Messiah/God
 who will inherit the Davidic throne and
 reign forever over Israel 1:32-33
 a) The child will be great 1:32a
 b) The child will be Messiah/God (the
 Son of the Most High) 1:32b
 c) The Lord God will give the child
 the Davidic throne upon which He
 will reign over Israel (the house
 of Jacob) forever (2 Sam. 7:16)
 1:32c-33
 3. The Sign: When Mary inquired as to how this could
 occur, Gabriel explained that it would be through
 the power of the Holy Spirit, and then confirmed
 his words through God's work with Mary's relative
 Elizabeth, whereupon Mary humbly submitted to
 God's word, and the angel departed 1:34-38
 a. Mary questioned how this could occur since
 she did not know a man ( ejpeiV a!ndra ouj
 ginovskw ) 1:34
 b. Gabriel explained to Mary that her conception
 would occur through the miraculous power of
 the Holy Spirit, and then confirmed these
 certain words by the example of Elizabeth who
 was now in her sixth month of pregnancy 1:35-
 36
 1) Gabriel explained that Mary would
 conceive by the power of the Holy Spirit
 who would come upon her (cf. Acts 1:8)
 and brightly overshadow her (Ex. 40:35;
 Lk. 9:34; Matt. 17:5) causing the child
 to be called the Son of God (deity)
 1:35
 2) Gabriel then confirms his words in that
 God has done a similar miracle with her
 relative Elizabeth who was barren but is
 now in her sixth month because all words
 ( pa'n rJh'ma ) from God are not
 impossible 1:36-37
 c. Mary then expressed her faith and willingness
 for God to act upon her by identifying
 herself as the servant ( douvlh ) of the
 Lord, and allowing the word ( rJh'mav ),
 which is not impossible for God to do, to be
 done to her 1:38a
 d. The Angel then departed from Mary 1:38b
 4. The Fulfillment: When Mary immediately came to
 Elizabeth's house, the angel's words to her were
 confirmed and she exalted the Lord for faithfully
 exalting the lowly (her and Israel), then after
 three months (Elizabeth's delivery?) Mary returned
 home 1:39-55
 a. In search of the confirmation Mary
 immediately went south to the hill country of
 Judea to Zacharias' house in Judah and
 greeted Elizabeth 1:39-40
 b. When Elizabeth heard Mary's greeting the baby
 in her womb leaped (for joy) 1:41a
 c. Elizabeth was then enabled by the Holy Spirit
 and proclaimed that Mary and the child were
 both blessed, confirmed the words of the
 angel, and honored Mary for believing God's
 word 1:41-45
 1) Elizabeth was then filled with (enabled
 by) the Holy Spirit 1:41b
 2) Elizabeth then cried out with a loud
 voice proclaiming Mary and the child
 blessed, confirming the words of the
 angel, and honoring Mary for believing
 the words of the angel 1:42-45
 a) Elizabeth loudly proclaimed both
 Mary and the child in her womb as
 blessed ( ejulogew ) 1:42
 b) Elizabeth confirmed that words of
 the angel by identifying Mary's
 child as her Lord which her own
 child responded to by leaping for
 joy in the womb (gladness, cf. Acts
 2:46) 1:43-44
 c) Elizabeth then blessed Mary for
 believing the word of the Lord
 1:45
 d. Mary responded to the confirmation which she
 received from Elizabeth by honoring God for
 faithfully exalting those who trust in Him
 (Mary, Israel) 1:46-55
 1) Mary then responded to Elizabeth's
 confirmation by exalting and rejoicing
 in God her savior 1:46-47
 2) The reason Mary exalted the Lord was
 because He had worked in consistency to
 make those of little (like her, and the
 nation Israel) into people of much when
 they trust in Him and in His interests
 1:48-55
 a) One reason Mary rejoiced in the
 Lord was because He had shown
 regard for her--His bondservant
 1:48-50
 (1) Mary rejoiced in God because
 she would always be known to
 have been blessed by the Lord
 who had done great things for
 her and His name 1:48-49
 (2) Mary rejoiced in the Lord
 because He had shown Himself
 faithful to those like her who
 feared Him from generation to
 generation 1:50
 b) Another reason Mary rejoiced in the
 Lord was because He had shown His
 strength in bringing greatness out
 of lowliness -- especially for the
 nation Israel 1:51-55
 (1) The Lord has scattered those
 like rulers who were proud in
 their heart and exalted those
 who were humble 1:51-52
 (2) The Lord has filled the
 hungry, and sent away the rich
 empty handed 1:53
 (3) The Lord has fulfilled his
 promises to the nation Israel
 1:54-55
 e. Mary stayed with Elizabeth for three more
 months (until her delivery?), and then
 returned to her home 1:56
 C. The Birth and Growth of John: At the appropriate time
 a child was born to Zacharias and Elizabeth, he was
 named John, and Zacharias was enabled to speak by the
 Holy Spirit prophesying that the Lord had brought
 salvation from the house of David, and that his son
 would prepare His way, whereupon, John grew to be
 spiritually strong, as he lived in the desert (as a
 prophet) until he publicly appeared before Israel 1:57-
 80
 1. At the appropriate time Elizabeth gave birth to a
 son and her neighbors and relatives rejoiced with
 her for the mercy which she had received from the
 Lord 1:57-58
 a. At the appropriate time Elizabeth gave birth
 to a son 1:57
 b. Elizabeth's neighbors and relatives rejoiced
 with her because the Lord had been very
 merciful to her 1:58
 2. The Prophecy: When Zacharias chose John as the
 name for his son against the wishes of the people,
 his speech was restored and he prophesied under
 the enablement of the Holy Spirit that God had
 brought salvation for the nation through His
 servant from the house of David, and that his son
 would prepare His way 1:59-66
 a. When Zacharias and Elizabeth came to
 circumcise their child on the eighth day,
 they refused to name him after Zacharias, as
 the people desired, whereupon God restored
 Zacharias' speech, and the people marveled
 about what would become of this child since
 God had been involved with his birth 1:59-66
 1) When Zacharias and Elizabeth came on the
 eighth day to circumcise the child, the
 people (family?) were going to name him
 Zacharias, but Elizabeth insisted that
 he be called John 1:59-60
 2) The family objected to Elizabeth's
 intention became there was not anyone in
 their family who was named John,
 therefore, they appealed, by sign, to
 Zacharias 1:61-62
 3) Zacharias wrote on a tablet that the
 child's name would be John, whereupon,
 the people were astonished, and God
 loosed his tongue so that he began to
 speak in praise to God 1:63-64
 4) The people there and in the hill country
 (as the word spread) responded to
 Zacharias' speaking in fear and wonder
 as to what God would do with the child
 since He had been involved with his
 birth 1:65-66
 b. When Zacharias was enabled by the Holy
 Spirit, he prophesied that God has brought
 salvation through His servant from the house
 of David, and that his son would prepare the
 way for the Lord by proclaiming salvation
 through the forgiveness of sins in accordance
 with God's tender mercy 1:67-79
 1) Then Zacharias was enabled by the Holy
 Spirit and prophesied 1:67
 2) Zacharias blessed the Lord because He
 has graciously brought about salvation
 through His servant from the house of
 David for the nation Israel in
 accordance with His promise to Abraham
 1:67-74
 a) Zacharias praises the Lord God
 1:68a
 b) The reason Zacharias praises God is
 because he has brought about
 salvation through His servant from
 the House of David 1:68b-69
 c) God's salvation is in accordance
 with His prophetic word to deliver
 the nation from their enemies (only
 political? demons in the rest of
 the book) in accordance with the
 Abrahamic covenant in order to
 serve Him 1:70-74
 3) Zacharias prophesied that his son would
 prepare the way for the Lord by
 proclaiming salvation through the
 forgiveness of sins in accordance with
 God's tender mercy as He sends one who
 will shine upon those in darkness (the
 Gentiles), and bring about peace 1:75-
 79
 a) Zacharias prophecies that his son
 will be the prophet of the Most
 High 1:76a
 b) Zacharias prophecies that his son
 will go before the Lord in order to
 prepare His ways (Isa. 40:3) by
 informing the Lord's people of
 salvation through the forgiveness
 of sins 1:76b-78a
 c) The forgiveness of sins will come
 through the tender mercy of
 Israel's God from whom one rising
 like the sun (Mal. 4:2) will visit
 His people and give light to those
 who sit in darkness and guidance
 leading to peace (Isa. 9:12; 42:1-
 9; Matt. 4:12-16; Isa. 60) 1:78b-
 79
 3. Zacharias' son grew to become spiritually strong
 as he lived in the deserts (as a prophet) until he
 publicly appeared to Israel 1:80
 D. The Birth and Growth of Jesus: Through Jesus' birth
 and early childhood he was identified as Messiah, who
 would save Israel and all peoples as the
 teacher/revealer of the Father, but this would be
 painful for many as He also revealed evil 2:1-52
 1. The Birth of Jesus: When Joseph and Mary went to
 Bethlehem in order to be counted in Caesar
 Augustus' census, Mary gave birth to her first son
 and named him Jesus in accordance with the
 announcement by the angel, and the child was
 confirmed by angels, shepherds, and two prophets
 to be Messiah who would save all peoples
 (especially Israel), and who would painfully
 expose the evil of many 2:1-20
 a. The Setting: When Caesar Augustus issued the
 decree that all in "Rome" should be counted
 for tax purposes, Joseph, along with the rest
 of Israel, went to his home city of Bethlehem-
 -the city of David--with his betrothed wife,
 Mary, who was with child because Joseph was
 of the line of David 2:1-5
 1) Jesus was born during the time which was
 before the census was issued, while
 Quirinius was governor of Syria,2
 namely, when Caesar Augustus issued a
 decree that all under Rome should be
 counted for tax purposes3 2:1-2
 2) All the people (of Israel) were going to
 their own city to register for the
 census (as Rome complied with Hebrew
 custom) 2:3
 3) Joseph also went up (geographically)
 from Nazareth of Galilee to Bethlehem,
 the city of David, because he was from
 the line of David in order to register
 for the census along with Mary who was
 engaged to him, and pregnant 2:4-5
 b. The Birth of Jesus While Mary and Joseph
 were in Bethlehem, Mary gave birth to her
 first born son who was then confirmed to be
 Messiah by an angelic announcement given to
 nearby shepherds who found the family and
 reported to them what they had heard 2:6-20
 1) The Birth: While Mary and Joseph were in
 Bethlehem, Mary gave birth to her first
 born son and snugly laid him in a manger
 ("cattle stall" favtnh/ ) because there
 was no room for them in the place of
 lodging 2:6-7
 2) The Angels: While shepherds were
 watching their flocks in a near-by field
 that night, an angel appeared to them
 and announced the birth of Messiah with
 a description of his whereabouts as a
 sign, then an army of angels appeared
 proclaiming God's greatness and the
 peace which He is bringing among men
 2:8-14
 a) Setting: Shepherds were in the
 region of Bethlehem watching over
 their flocks in the fields at night
 2:8
 b) Suddenly an angel appeared and
 announced that a savior-Messiah for
 Israel had been born in the city of
 David and offered them a confirming
 sign that they would find him
 snugly wrapped and lying in a
 manger 2:9-12
 (1) Suddenly an angel of the Lord
 appeared with the glory of the
 Lord shining around him before
 the intensely frightened
 shepherds 2:9
 (2) The angel told the shepherds
 not to be afraid because he
 had good news (eujaggelivzomai
 ) for all of Israel ( law'/ )
 because the Messiah-Savior
 (cf. Lk. 1:68-79) has been
 born in the city of David
 (Bethlehem) 2:10-11
 (3) The angel then gave a sign to
 authenticate his words for the
 shepherds that they would find
 this child snugly wrapped and
 lying in a manger 2:12
 c) Then, suddenly there appeared with
 the angel an army ( stratia'" ) of
 angels praising the greatness of
 God and proclaiming peace upon men
 who will benefit from what He has
 done 2:13-14
 3) The Shepherds: After the departure of
 the angels, the shepherds found Mary,
 Joseph, and the child, told them of the
 angelic announcement, causing wonder for
 many, but understanding for Mary, and
 returned to their fields honoring God
 for the confirmation of the announcement
 2:15-20
 a) When the angels left them into
 heaven the shepherds decided to go
 to Bethlehem and to see this thing
 (word, rJh'ma) which had been
 announced to them 2:15
 b) When they discovered the way (
 aneu'ran ) to Mary, Joseph and the
 child, they made known the
 announcement ( rJhvmato" ) which
 the angel told them 2:17
 c) All who heard of the angelic
 announcement were in wonder, but
 Mary put these things (rJhvmata)
 together ( sum-bavllousa ) 2:18-19
 d) The shepherds returned to their
 fields glorifying and praising God
 because of the confirmation of the
 angelic announcement to them 2:20
 c. Prophetic Proclamations of Jesus' Ministry by
 Two Witnesses (male and female): As Mary and
 Joseph were in the temple with Jesus two
 witnesses (Simeon and Hanna) proclaimed Jesus
 to be Messiah who would bring about salvation
 for all peoples (especially Israel), and who
 would bring about the painful ministry of
 rejection, division and judgment for many
 2:21-38
 1) Setting: Mary and Joseph named the
 child Jesus on the eighth day before his
 circumcision in accordance with the word
 of the angel, and came to the temple
 when Mary was ceremonially clean in
 order to dedicate Jesus to the Lord as
 the first born and to offer sacrifices
 in accordance with the Law 2:21-24
 a) On the eighth day, before the
 circumcision (Lev. 12:3) the child
 was named Jesus ( jIhsou'", uwvy )
 in accordance with the name given
 by the angel before Mary conceived
 2:21
 b) When the days for their
 purification4 they brought Jesus to
 present him as the first born to
 the Lord in accordance with the
 Law5 and to offer the sacrifices of
 the poor (a pair of turtledoves and
 two young pigeons)6 2:22-23
 2) Simeon: While Jesus' parents are in the
 temple with him, a man named Simeon with
 the Spirit upon him, identifies Jesus as
 the future salvation of all peoples, and
 prophesies of the rejection, division,
 and judgment which Jesus will bring
 about for many 2:24-35
 a) While Mary, Joseph and the child
 Jesus were in the temple to fulfill
 the Law, an upright man named
 Simeon who was expecting the
 encouragement of Israel (Messiah,
 cf. Isa. 40) due to a revelation,
 entered the temple under the
 direction of the Holy Spirit 2:24-
 27
 b) When Simeon saw the parents and the
 Child Jesus, he held him, blessed
 God and proclaimed that Jesus was
 the fulfillment of God's word (
 rJh'mav ) to him because he was
 God's salvation for all peoples--
 Gentiles and Jews 2:28-32
 c) Mary and Joseph marveled at all the
 things which were being said about
 Jesus 2:33
 d) Simeon then blessed the parents and
 prophesied that Jesus would bring
 about the collapse and rise of many
 in Israel, would be opposed, would
 bring severe pain to Mary, and
 would uncover the inner reasonings
 of many7 2:34-35
 3) Hanna: While Simeon was speaking,
 Hanna, a godly servant of the Lord, came
 up and also identified Jesus as the one
 who would bring about the redemption of
 Israel 2:36-38
 a) While Simeon was speaking, Hanna (
 @Anna), an older, widowed
 prophetess, who was the daughter of
 Phanual of the tribe of Ahser (Gen.
 49:20), who spiritually served all
 of the time in the temple, came up
 2:36-38a
 b) Giving thanks in an agreeing way
 (ajnqwmologei'to ) with Simeon,
 Hanna continued to speak of Jesus
 as the one who would bring
 redemption ( luvtrwsin ) of Israel
 2:38b
 d. When Jesus' parents had performed all that
 the Law required of them, they returned to
 their home in Nazareth of Galilee 2:39
 2. The Growth: The child Jesus not only grew in
 physical and spiritual maturity, but he
 momentarily revealed who he was as the Father's
 teacher/revealer when He remained in Jerusalem at
 the Passover, but then continued in subjection to
 his parents 2:40-53
 a. Summary statement: Jesus grew as a child to
 become physically and spiritually strong
 under God's favor 2:40
 b. A Glimpse of Jesus' Growth: When Jesus
 remained in Jerusalem after his parents had
 left the Feast of the Passover, He revealed
 Himself to be the teacher/revealer of God (as
 he went about his Father's business), but his
 parents did not understand this, even though
 Mary treasured this in her heart as Jesus
 continued in subjection to them 2:41-52
 1) The Setting: Jesus' parents went up to
 the Passover Feast, as was their custom,
 when Jesus was twelve, and left
 afterward unaware that Jesus had
 remained in Jerusalem 2:41-43
 a) Just as Jesus' parents used to go
 to the Feast of the Passover every
 year as pious Jews, so did they go
 when Jesus became twelve years old
 1:41-42
 b) As Jesus' parents were returning
 from the Feast of the Passover,
 Jesus stayed behind in Jerusalem,
 but his parents were unaware of
 this 1:43
 2) When Jesus' parents could not find him,
 they returned to Jerusalem and after the
 third day, Joseph and Mary were
 astonished to find Him sitting in the
 Temple among the teachers listening and
 asking questions which amazed all who
 heard him 2:44
 a) When Jesus' parents could not find
 him in the caravan, they returned
 to Jerusalem to look for him 1:44-
 45
 b) After three days, Jesus' parents
 found him in the temple discussing
 (the Scriptures) with the teachers
 of the Law thereby causing all of
 the people to be amazed at his
 understanding 1:46-47
 c) When Jesus' parents saw Jesus, they
 were astonished
 3) When Jesus' mother rebuked Jesus for the
 anxiety which he had caused them by
 remaining in Jerusalem, He explained
 that they should have known that He had
 to be in the temple, but even though
 they did not understand, Mary treasured
 these things in her heart as Jesus
 returned with them in subjection to them
 2:48-51
 a) Jesus' mother rebuked him for the
 anxiety which he caused them by
 staying behind 1:48
 b) Jesus was puzzled as to why His
 parents would be looking for him
 since they should have known that
 he had (*) to be in his Father's
 house--the temple 2:49
 c) Jesus' parents did not understand
 what Jesus had said, but Mary
 treasured all of these things (
 rJhvmata ) in her heart as Jesus
 went to Nazareth with them in
 continued subjection to them 2:50-
 51
 c. Summary Statement: Jesus continued to grow
 physically and spiritually under God's and
 men's favor 2:52
III. THE INTRODUCTION OF THE SON OF MAN: Jesus is introduced as
 being the Lord coming with salvation for whom Israel must
 make spiritual preparation, as being the Messiah-Servant,
 and as being the second Adam who is victorious over the
 temptation of the devil 3:1--4:13
 A. The Teaching of John: As John was led by God to
 prepare the way for the coming of the Lord (Messiah) by
 proclaiming the need for individuals in the nation to
 repent in their hearts so as to produce works of
 covenant faithfulness, he received official rejection
 by being imprisoned by Herod Antipas 3:1-20
 1. Setting: At a turbulent time of political and
 religious division, John the son of Zacharias came
 from the wilderness under God's call to proclaim
 the need for the nation of Israel to prepare their
 hearts for the Lord who was coming with salvation
 3:1-6
 a. Politically the time of John's public
 ministry was in the fifteenth year of
 Tiberius Caesar when the land was divided
 into four parts under the Herods 3:1
 1) The broad time of John's public ministry
 was during the fifteenth year of
 Tiberius Caesar when Pontius Pilate was
 governor of Judea (A.D. 27/28) 3:1a
 2) This was the time when Herod the Great's
 kingdom was divided into four political
 units (tetarchs): Herod Antapas over
 Galilee, Philip over Ituraia and
 Trachonitus, and Lysanias over Abilene
 3:1b
 b. Religiously the time of John's public
 ministry was when the high priesthood was
 divided between Annas and Caiaphas 3:2
 c. At a turbulent political/religious time John
 came under God's direction as a prophet
 proclaiming the need for the nation to repent
 as they prepared for the coming of the Lord
 with salvation 1:2-6
 1) At the above political/religious time
 the word of God (cf. Jer. 1:2) came to
 John the son of Zacharias while he was
 in the desert 1:2
 2) John came to the area around the Jordan
 river preaching the need for those in
 the nation to be baptized as an
 expression of repentance for the
 forgiveness of sins 3:3
 3) John's preaching of the need for
 repentance was in accordance with the
 exhortation of Isaiah the prophet when
 he urged the nation to prepare for the
 coming of the Lord with salvation8 3:4-
 6
 2. John's Teaching: John proclaimed to those coming
 out to him that they needed to prepare the way for
 the coming of One greater than he (Messiah)
 through repentance of the heart which expresses
 itself in covenant faithfulness toward one another
 because He will coming with greater blessing and
 judgment than John 3:7-17
 a. John's Proclamation: As the multitudes came
 out to John, he urged them to prepare for the
 coming of the Lord through a heart-repentance
 which overflowed into deeds of covenant
 faithfulness lest they experience the
 judgment from which they were fleeing 3:7-9
 1) Setting: John spoke to the multitudes
 who were coming out to be baptized by
 him 3:7a
 2) John warned the multitude who were
 fleeing to him (as from judgment) that
 God expects them to do works of covenant
 faithfulness from a repentant heart
 because He is going to judge those from
 external Israel who are evil 3:7b-9
 a) As to snakes fleeing from a brush
 fire, John asked them who warned
 them of the judgment to come9 3:7b
 b) John urged the multitude to
 demonstrate their repentance
 through their works 3:8a
 c) John then warned the multitude not
 to trust in their external
 confidence of heritage because it
 is nothing before God who is going
 to judge those from physical Israel
 who do not show forth covenant
 faithfulness 3:8a-9
 b. Responses to Questions: When John was asked
 by various groups about what they should do
 to prepare for the coming of the Lord, he
 urged them all within their respective realms
 to demonstrate covenant loyalty by caring for
 those under their influence 3:10-14
 1) Multitudes: When the multitudes asked
 John what they should do to prepare for
 the coming of the Lord, he urged them to
 show covenant faithfulness toward those
 among them with need 3:10-11
 a) The multitudes asked John what they
 should do in order to be prepared
 for the coming of the Lord 3:10
 b) John responded by urging covenant
 faithfulness (love) from them for
 those who have need among them by
 supplying for their need
 (clothing/food) 3:11
 2) The Tax-Gathers: When tax-gathers asked
 John what they should do in order to
 prepare for the coming of the Lord he
 urged them to show covenant faithfulness
 (love) toward those from whom they
 collected taxes by not stealing from
 them 3:12-13
 a) When the tax-gathers came to be
 baptized by John they asked him
 what they should do to prepare for
 the coming of the Lord 3:12
 b) John exhorted them to show covenant
 faithfulness (love) by not stealing
 from those from whom they collect
 taxes 3:13
 3) Soldiers: When soldiers asked John what
 they should do in order to prepare for
 the coming of the Lord he urged them to
 show covenant faithfulness (love) toward
 those over whom they have authority and
 power by not abusing them 3:14
 a) Soldiers came asking John what they
 should do in order to prepare for
 the coming of the Lord 3:14a
 b) John responded by urging them to
 show covenant faithfulness by not
 using their authority (power) to
 hurt those under their influence
 3:14b
 c. John's Identity: As the people began to
 wonder as to whether or not John might be
 Messiah, he explained to them that he was
 not, but one was following with greater
 blessing and judgment 3:15-17
 1) Setting: The people were in a state of
 expectation concerning the coming of
 Messiah as a result of John's ministry
 and wondered if he himself was Messiah
 (the Christ) 3:15
 2) Response: John answered the multitudes
 wonderings by affirming that he is not
 Messiah, but that Messiah was yet to
 come who would bring about a greater
 blessing of the Spirit (New Covenant),
 and a more severe judgment of the wicked
 3:16-17
 a) John responded to the wondering of
 the multitude by affirming that he
 is not Messiah since his baptism
 with water is only a symbol of the
 greater baptism to be administered
 by the one greater then he--the
 baptism of the Holy Spirit and of
 judgment (fire) 3:16
 b) The one who is coming after him is
 coming to bless his own (those
 repentant), and to judge those who
 are evil as a thresher with grain
 3:17
 d. Enclusio: John's preaching of the gospel (
 eujhggelivzeto ) was full of many other such
 exhortations (of repentance, blessing and
 judgment) 3:18
 3. John's Imprisonment (The Overall Response of the
 Nation?): When John rebuked Herod the tetrarch
 (Antipas) for his wicked deeds (cf. John 6:17-20)
 Herod did even more evil (rather than covenant
 faithfulness) by locking up John in prison 3:19-
 20
 B. The Baptism of Jesus: At Jesus' baptism by John he was
 seen to be anointed for ministry (cf. Lk. 4) and
 declared to be Messiah (Son/Servant) 3:21-22
 1. While all of the people were being baptized by
 John, Jesus was baptized 3:21a
 2. While John was praying Jesus was visually
 demonstrated to have been anointed by the Holy
 Spirit as the Spirit descended upon Jesus in
 bodily form like a dove 3:21a-22b
 3. While John was praying Jesus was endorsed by the
 Father to be Messiah (My beloved [elected] Son--
 Gen. 22:2; 2 Sam. 7:14; Ps. 2:7), who was also the
 Suffering Servant of Israel ("well pleased", Isa.
 42:1) 3:22b
 C. The Genealogy of Jesus: Jesus is more thoroughly
 identified as a man: (1) by being thirty years old at
 the beginning of his ministry, and (2) by being
 identified with all of mankind through a genealogy
 which legally traces Jesus through Joseph to the
 Davidic line and to Adam 3:23-38
 1. When Jesus began his public ministry he was about
 thirty years of age 3:23
 2. Jesus is identified with all mankind as the God-
 Man through Joseph and David back to Adam10 3:23b-
 38a
 D. The Temptation of Jesus: Through the temptation Jesus
 is demonstrated to be the second Adam who is victorious
 against the luring of the devil 4:1-13
 1. Jesus is placed in a position of great want and
 need by the Holy Spirit 4:1-2
 a. Jesus, being full of the Spirit, was led into
 the wilderness by the Spirit for forty days
 being tempted by the devil 4:1-2
 b. Jesus was tempted as man's representative by
 the devil with respect to his appetite only
 to surface victorious in each event,
 whereupon, the devil departed for a more
 opportune time 4:3-13
 1) In Matthew Jesus stands in the place of
 the nation Israel and therefore his
 trials match those of the nation in the
 wilderness
 a) Stones to Bread (Duet. 8:3)
 b) Throw Yourself Down (Deut. 6:16)
 c) Worship me (Deut. 6:13)This may
 well have been the chronological
 order after Peter's preaching (cf.
 tovte, "then" in 4:5)
 2) In Luke Jesus stands in the place of all
 men (Adam--the Son of God, the Son of
 Adam, cf. 3:38)11
 a) Stones to Bread ("Don't eat" Gen.
 3)
 b) Worship Me (Deny the word of God,
 "God has not said", Gen. 3)
 c) Throw Yourself Down (God does not
 care about you, "you will become
 gods", Gen. 3)
IV. THE REVELATION OF THE SON OF MAN (IN GALILEE): Jesus
 presented himself as the Suffering Servant who was bringing
 the deliverance of the nation, and clarified his ministry
 through teaching his disciples of his suffering Messiahship
 so that they might not reject him, but choose to follow his
 example as suffering-ministers 4:14---9:50
 A. The Presentation of Jesus' ministry: Jesus presents
 himself (and thus his ministry) as being the Suffering
 Servant who is bringing the prophesied, yet radically
 different, deliverance for the nation, facing criticism
 as he gathers those to follow after him who realize
 their need for help with their sin 4:14--6:16
 1. An Overview of Jesus' Ministry: As Jesus goes
 through Galilee and Judea, he proclaims that he
 has come as the Suffering Servant who is bringing
 prophesied deliverance for the nation, and
 authenticates his words through miraculous
 physical and spiritual healings resulting in a
 mixed response of wonder and rejection by the
 people 4:14-44
 a. A Summary of Jesus' Galilean Ministry: As
 Jesus returned to Galilee under the power of
 the Holy Spirit and began to teach in their
 synagogues, his reputation spread as he was
 praised by all 4:14-15
 1) Jesus returned to Galilee empowered by
 the Holy Spirit 4:14
 2) News about Jesus spread throughout all
 of the surrounding areas of Galilee, and
 as He began to teach in their synagogues
 he was praised by all 4:15
 b. An Example of Jesus as Teacher: When Jesus
 taught in the synagogue of his home town
 (Nazareth) that he was the Suffering Servant
 who was bringing deliverance in accordance
 with the Day of Jubilee, he was received by
 some but overwhelmingly rejected as a prophet
 because he was Joseph's son, whereupon, he
 warned that unbelief would lead to a mission
 to Gentiles like the ministries of Elijah and
 Elisha 4:16-30
 1) When Jesus came to his childhood home of
 Nazareth, he entered the synagogue and
 stood up to read 4:16
 2) When Jesus unrolled the scroll, he found
 the section from Isaiah (61:1; 58:6)
 wherein he proclaimed that he was
 fulfilling the sabbath aspects of the
 day of Jubilee 4:17-21
 a) Reading Isaiah 61:1, Jesus
 proclaimed that He was fulfilling
 the jubilee promises as the servant
 of promise 4:18
 (1) Jesus read that the Spirit of
 the Lord was upon Him (his
 baptism, 3:21-22)Note that the
 eras are pulled apart here
 unlike in Isaiah 61
 (2) Jesus has been anointed to
 proclaim good news to the poor
 ( ptwcoi'" , the covenant poor
 [cf. Lk. 1:52-53])
 (3) Jesus has been anointed to
 herald the release of
 prisoners from debt (
 a!fevsei, a term describing
 forgiveness [1:77] because all
 are in debt to God due to sin)
 (4) Jesus has been anointed to
 herald the recovery of sight
 to the blind (those trapped in
 darkness, cf. 1:78-79)
 (5) Jesus has been anointed to set
 free those who are downtrodden
 (spiritually broken)
 (6) Jesus has been anointed and
 sent to herald the year of
 Jubilee in its spiritual sense
 as Israel was supposed to do
 through service (Isa. 58:6;
 cf. Lev. 25)
 b) When Jesus had finished reading, he
 folded up the book, gave it back to
 the attendant, sat down, and
 proclaimed to all who were watching
 him that this scripture had been
 fulfilled in their hearing 4:19-21
 3) The Response of the Hearers: Although
 many were full of wonder at Jesus'
 gracious words, he experienced rejection
 by the synagogue as a whole in
 accordance with the nation's rejection
 of prophets of old 4:22-30
 a) The people responded to Jesus'
 words by being both full of wonder
 and being critical of him because
 they knew of his heritage 4:22
 (1) Positive: All were speaking
 well of Jesus as they wondered
 at the gracious words which he
 spoke 4:22a
 (2) Negative: Some were
 questioning Jesus' words
 because he was "just" Joseph's
 son 4:22b
 b) Jesus responded to those who were
 critical of his prophetic word by
 foretelling of their future, evil
 demands of him, and affirming that
 he was being rejected as a true
 prophet in line with the rejection
 of the fathers which led to God's
 ministry to the Gentiles 4:23-27
 (1) Jesus foretold that those who
 were critical of him would
 turn his healing ability upon
 him in the future, and demand
 that he perform similar
 miracles as he did in
 Capernaum 4:23
 (2) Jesus solemnly declared to the
 critics that he was a prophet
 who was not welcomed in his
 home town as was the case
 traditionally in the past
 4:24
 (3) Jesus then illustrated the
 rejection of him as a prophet
 with the nation's rejection of
 Elijah and Elisha leading to
 God's direction of ministry
 unto the Gentiles (cf. Elijah
 1 Ki. 17:8-16; Elisha 2 Ki.
 5:1-19) 4:25-28
 c) In response to Jesus' words the
 people demonstrated their rejection
 of Jesus in accordance with the
 nation's rejection of the prophets
 of old: the synagogue was filled
 with rage, cast him out of the city
 and intended to throw him down a
 cliff 4:29
 d) Jesus passed through the midst of
 the crowd (miracle?) and went his
 way 4:30
 c. An Example of Jesus' Ministry: Although
 Jesus demonstrated his authority in Capernaum
 over spiritual and demonic forms of evil, he
 insisted that his mission was to proclaim the
 Kingdom of God to the Jews, which he
 continued to do in the synagogues in Judea
 4:31-44
 1) A Demon: When Jesus came from Nazareth
 to Capernaum, his teaching on the
 sabbath was demonstrated to be with
 authority and power as he cast a demon
 out (bringing about spiritual freedom,
 cf. 4:18-19) of a man causing the people
 to wonder and his reputation to spread
 in the surrounding district 4:31-37
 a) Setting: Jesus came down
 (geographically) from Nazareth to
 Capernaum of Galilee and was
 teaching, to the amazement of all,
 on the Sabbath 4:31-32
 b) A man possessed by a demon cried
 out loudly the identity of Jesus as
 the Holy One of God (separated to
 service as Messiah; cf. Judges
 13:7; 16:17 with Nu. 6:5,8), and
 questioned the timing of his
 exercise of authority over them
 4:33-34
 c) Jesus responded to the demon by
 rebuking him to be quiet and to
 come out of the man, and the demon,
 though rebellious, obeyed 4:35
 d) The people responded with amazement
 over Jesus' authority and power
 over demons and the report about
 him spread into the surrounding
 district 4:36-37
 2) Sickness: On the remainder of the
 Sabbath, Jesus demonstrated his
 authority over physical and spiritual
 sickness as he healed Simon's mother-in-
 law of a high fever, and healed those
 who were brought to him 4:38-41
 a) When Jesus left the synagogue and
 arrived at Simon's home, he healed
 Simon's mother-in-law of a high
 fever, whereupon, she immediately
 arose and served them 4:38-39
 (1) Setting: Jesus then left the
 synagogue and entered Simon's
 house where Simon's mother-in-
 law was suffering from a high
 fever 4:38a
 (2) When the people (Simon and the
 disciples/family) requested
 that Jesus help Simon's mother-
 in-law, he did by causing the
 fever to leave her whereupon,
 she immediately got up and
 served them 4:38b-39
 b) When the Sabbath evening arrived,
 the people "legally" brought their
 sick to Jesus for healing, and he
 healed them of physical and
 spiritual ailments, forbidding the
 demons to continually identify him
 as Messiah 4:40-41
 (1) Setting: At sunset on the
 same Sabbath day (cf. 4:31)
 when it was "legal", the
 people brought their sick to
 Jesus 4:40a
 (2) Jesus personally healed the
 people of physical ailments,
 and cast out demons who
 continually identified him as
 Messiah 4:40b-41
 3) Although the people of Galilee requested
 of Jesus to stay among them, he
 explained that he must because his
 mission was to preach the kingdom of God
 to other cities as well, therefore,
 Jesus preached in the synagogues of
 Judea (the Jews) 4:42-44
 a) Setting: On the next day Jesus
 went to a private (lonely) place
 but when the multitude found him
 they tried to keep him from leaving
 them 4:42
 b) Jesus explained to the multitude
 that he must leave because he was
 sent to preach the Kingdom of God
 to other cities as well 4:43
 c) Jesus continued preaching in the
 synagogues of Judea 4:44
 2. The Gathering of Disciples: Interspersed among
 demonstrations of His authority (over creation,
 over physical and spiritual realms), Jesus
 gathered together those with an awareness of their
 need who would follow His radically distinct
 presentation of the kingdom (from that of the
 religious leaders) and become His apostles 5:1--
 6:16
 a. The Call of Peter: Through a mighty
 demonstration to Peter of Jesus' authority
 over creation, Jesus called him to not be
 fearful, but to follow Him as a fisher of men
 5:1-11
 1) Setting: As Jesus was teaching the
 multitudes at the Lake of Gennesaret
 they crowded him so much that he moved
 into one of the boats of Simon's from
 which to teach the people 5:1-4
 a) This is a time when Jesus was at
 the lake of Gennesaret (Sea of
 Galilee) teaching the word of God
 to the multitudes 5:1
 b) When Jesus saw two boats by the
 edge of the lake which were empty
 because the fisherman were out
 washing their nets, he entered the
 one which was Simon's, asked him to
 move the boat away from land a bit,
 and then continued teaching the
 multitudes from the boat 5:2-3
 2) After Jesus had finished teaching the
 multitude from Simon's boat, he
 demonstrated his greatness over creation
 to Simon Peter by causing a great catch
 of fish, whereupon, he exhorted the
 fearful Simon to not be fearful, but to
 follow as a catcher of men 5:4-11
 a) When Jesus had finished teaching
 the multitudes, he told Simon to
 put out to deeper water and to fish
 5:4
 b) Simon reluctantly agreed to do as
 Jesus instructed 5:5
 c) When Simon and those with him began
 to fish, they caught so many fish
 that they had to receive help from
 their partners (James and John) in
 the other boat, and then both boats
 were about to sink 5:6-7
 d) When Simon-Peter saw the great
 catch, he in honor (fear?) begged
 Jesus to depart from him because he
 was a sinful man 5:8
 e) Jesus responded to Simon by
 encouraging him not to fear, but to
 follow him as one who catches men
 alive 5:11
 b. Miracles of Authority: Jesus demonstrated
 that he had authority over physical illnesses
 (a leper and a paralytic) in order to
 proclaim to the religious leaders that He had
 authority over the spiritual realm 5:12-26
 1) The Leper: Jesus willingly healed a
 leper exhorting him to testify to those
 at the temple in accordance with the
 command of Moses, and the word about Him
 spread bringing multitudes to hear and
 be healed, whereupon, he would go to the
 wilderness to pray 5:12-16
 a) Setting: While Jesus was in one of
 the cities there was a man full of
 leprosy who seeing Jesus begged Him
 to heal him if He desired to 5:12
 b) Jesus expressed his willingness to
 heal the man and did so with a
 touch of his hand 5:13
 c) Jesus commanded the man to tell no
 one before he went to the temple
 and made an offering as Moses
 commanded [thereby demonstrating
 His authority to the religious
 leaders, cf. Lev. 14:1-7) 5:14
 d) But the news about Jesus began to
 spread and great multitudes were
 coming to hear him and to be healed
 by him, and he slipped away to the
 wilderness to pray 5:15-16
 2) The Paralytic: One day when Jesus was
 teaching before the religious leader
 from Galilee, Judea, and Jerusalem he
 demonstrated that he had the spiritual
 authority to forgive sins by physically
 healing a paralyzed man causing the
 people to glorify God at what they saw
 5:17-26
 a) Setting: One day as Jesus was
 teaching religious leaders
 (Pharisees, and teachers of the
 Law) from Galilee, Judea, and
 Jerusalem God's power was also
 present for Jesus to preform
 miracles 5:17
 b) Some men lowered a paralyzed man
 down through the roof before Jesus
 since they were not able to reach
 him otherwise because of the crowd
 5:18
 c) When Jesus saw their faith, he told
 the man that his sins were forgiven
 him 5:20
 d) The religious leaders began to
 reason (within themselves) that
 Jesus was blaspheming since only
 God could forgive sins 5:21
 e) Knowing their reasoning, Jesus
 physically healed the man so that
 they would know that he had the
 spiritual authority to forgive sins
 5:22-25
 f) The people responded by being
 beside themselves, glorifying God
 and noting that they had seen
 unusual things that day 5:26
 c. The Call of Levi: After Jesus declared his
 authority through the healing of the
 paralytic, he went out from the people,
 called Levi to follow him, and then explained
 to the religious leaders at a reception held
 by Levi that he had come to help those who
 realize their need for help with their sin
 5:27-32
 1) After Jesus' presentation of authority
 by healing the paralytic, he went out
 from the people and noticed a tax
 gatherer sitting in his office named
 Levi 5:27a
 2) Jesus exhorted Levi to follow him and
 he left everything behind and followed
 5:27-28
 3) At a public reception which Levi held in
 order to identify with Jesus, He
 explained to the religious leaders who
 were critical of His association with
 sinners, that He has come to help those
 who are sick in that they are aware of
 their sin 5:29-32
 a) Setting: Levi identified with
 Jesus by giving a public reception
 for him in his house with tax
 gatherers and other sinners
 (a!llwn, cf. 5:30) 5:29
 b) The religious leaders (Pharisees
 and their scribes) criticized
 Jesus' disciples for having
 fellowship with tax gathers and
 sinners 5:30
 c) Jesus responded to the criticism of
 the Pharisees by affirming that he
 has come as a physician in order to
 help those who recognize that they
 are sick (sinners) and cannot be
 cured without God's help (unlike
 the Pharisees who considered
 themselves to be well [righteous])
 5:31-32
 d. The Rise of Opposition: Through three
 controversies Jesus explained that he was
 bringing about something completely different
 from the old perception of the kingdom as he
 initiates the fulfillment of the Scriptural
 Sabbath rest 5:33--6:11
 1) Fasting: When Jesus is questioned about
 fasting, he explains that he is offering
 a message concerning the Kingdom (note
 the feast imagery) which is different
 and not to be mixed with old
 understandings, but the leaders will not
 receive it because they are satisfied
 with the old system 5:33-39
 a) The religious leaders asked Jesus
 why his disciples do not fast like
 those of John and of the Pharisees
 5:33
 b) Jesus answered the religious
 leaders by affirming that he had
 brought something different than
 the old covenant system 5:34-39
 (1) Jesus explained to the
 religious leaders that his
 disciples do not fast like
 those of John and the
 Pharisees because they are in
 a different time: now that he
 is with them they do not fast,
 but they will fast when he is
 taken away ( ajparqh'/ ) 5:34-
 35
 (2) Jesus explained to the
 religious leaders that what he
 is bringing (likened to new
 material, new wine) is
 different, and cannot be mixed
 with that which has been
 before (likened to an old
 garment, old wineskins) 5:36-
 38
 (3) Jesus explained to the
 religious leaders through
 irony that the religious
 leaders will not taste Jesus'
 new proclamations because they
 are not hollowed by age 5:39
 2) Sabbath-Grain: In a controversy which
 arose as some Pharisees accused the
 disciples of breaking the law because
 they were picking grain on the Sabbath,
 Jesus explained that they were not
 breaking the sabbath, but were
 expressing its intent under him as the
 proper lord of the Sabbath by providing
 for the needs of men as presented in the
 Scriptures (David) 6:1-5
 a) Setting: This event occurred on a
 Sabbath when he and his disciples
 were passing through some
 grainfields and his disciples were
 picking and eating heads of grain
 by rubbing them in their hands 6:1
 b) Some of the Pharisees asked the
 disciples why they are breaking the
 law (nb--this is oral law) on the
 Sabbath 6:2
 c) Jesus answered the religious
 leaders' question to his disciples
 by affirming that He, as the one
 properly bringing about the rule of
 the Sabbath, was allowing for the
 freedom which resided in the Law
 (e.g., David) to provide for the
 need of men 6:3-5
 (1) Jesus used David as an example
 of one under the Law who also
 did not hold to a rigid
 interpretation of the ritual
 law as the Pharisees did
 because David was not
 condemned for his actions (cf.
 1 Sam. 21; Lev. 24:5-9) 6:3-4
 (2) Jesus then affirmed that he
 was Lord of the Sabbath (in
 the proper sense of bringing
 about the true rest of the
 Sabbath) 6:5
 3) Sabbath-Healing: On another Sabbath
 when Jesus was teaching he again did
 good on the Sabbath by restoring a man's
 withered hand to health, but the
 religious leaders who were seeking to
 accuse him became enraged and considered
 what they might do to him (thus doing
 evil on the Sabbath) 6:6-11
 a) Setting: On another Sabbath Jesus
 entered a synagogue and was
 teaching where a man was whose
 right hand was withered 6:6
 b) The religious leaders were watching
 Jesus closely to see if he would
 heal on the Sabbath so that they
 would have some reason to accuse
 him 6:7
 c) Knowing what the religious leaders
 were thinking, Jesus questioned
 them about the goal of the Sabbath,
 and then in their silence healed
 the man with the goal of doing good
 on the Sabbath 6:8-10
 (1) Knowing what the religious
 leaders were thinking, Jesus
 invited the man with the
 withered hand to come forward
 in the midst of everyone 6:8
 (2) Jesus then asked the religious
 leaders if it was lawful to do
 good (save life) or to do evil
 (destroy life) on the Sabbath
 6:9
 (3) When no one answered Jesus,
 he did good by healing the man
 on the sabbath 6:10
 d) The religious leaders responded to
 Jesus' good work of healing on the
 Sabbath by discussing what they
 might do to Jesus (doing evil on
 the Sabbath) 6:11
 e. The Choosing of the Twelve: After the
 Sabbath controversies and prayer, Jesus named
 his twelve apostles from among his disciples
 6:12-16
 1) After the sabbath controversies Jesus
 went off to the mountain to spend the
 whole night in prayer to God 6:12
 2) In the morning Jesus called his
 disciples to Himself and chose twelve of
 them naming them apostles: Simon, Andrew
 (his brother), James, John, Philip,
 Bartholomew, Matthew, Thomas, James (son
 of Alphaeus), Simon the Zealot, Judas
 (son of James), and Judas Iscariot (who
 became a traitor) 6:13-16
 B. The Clarifying of Jesus' Ministry: Jesus clarified
 his ministry through teaching his disciples that the
 ethic of his kingdom is to show love to others, by
 revealing himself to those who recognize their need of
 him, and finally by calling his disciples to not reject
 him in his upcoming passion, but to follow his example
 through suffering-service 6:17--9:50
 1. Jesus' Teaching--The Sermon on the Plain: In the
 context of just having chosen his apostles, and
 being surrounded by those who are with great need,
 Jesus teaches his disciples that the
 responsibility and consequences of leadership are
 inseparably connected urging them to
 unconditionally love others--even those who cannot
 (will not) love you back 6:17-49
 a. The Setting: After Jesus had chosen his
 twelve apostles, they descended the mountain
 to find people from all over Palestine who
 were seeking Jesus in order to hear him and
 to be healed by him, then Jesus spoke to his
 disciples 6:17-20a
 1) After Jesus chose his apostles, he and
 the twelve descended to a level place to
 find a multitude of people from all of
 Palestine (Judea, Jerusalem, Tyre and
 Sidon) 6:17
 2) The people came to hear Jesus and to be
 healed by him because they were
 physically and spiritually ill, and he
 was healing them 6:18-19
 3) Audience: While all of the needy were
 pressing against Jesus, he turned his
 eyes on his disciples and spoke to them
 6:20a
 b. The Message: Christ taught his disciples
 against using their power (authority and
 position) to benefit themselves at the
 expense of others, but rather to love others
 by examining themselves and by building
 others up because it is in this way that they
 will reflect God and be rewarded with life
 6:20b-49
 1) Positively: Jesus encouraged his
 disciples that they are enriched when
 they are poor, hungry, weep or are hated
 by men because of their commitment to
 Jesus for they will receive reward and
 are then standing in line with the way
 the prophets of old were treated 6:20b-
 23
 2) Negatively: Jesus warned his disciples
 that their future will be empty if they
 are rich, well fed, laughing or spoken
 well of (because of their resistance to
 God's desire for the sake of self-
 satisfaction) for they are then standing
 in line with the false prophets of old
 6:24-26
 3) Rather than using power (position and
 ability) in an immoral way to provide
 for their own desires, Jesus exhorts his
 disciples to love others--especially
 those who cannot (will not) love you
 back just as God loves them 6:27-38
 a) Jesus urges his disciples to love
 their enemies 6:27-30
 (1) The disciples are to do good
 to those who hate them 6:27
 (2) The disciples are to enrich
 those who curse them 6:28a
 (3) The disciples are to pray for
 those who mistreat them 6:28b
 (4) He illustrates loving one's
 enemies by exhorting the
 disciples to be gracious when
 insulted and to be generous
 when people take from you
 6:29-30
 b) Jesus urges his disciples to
 unconditionally love others because
 in so doing they will receive
 reward from God, and best reflect
 him 6:31-35
 (1) The disciples are not to love
 for profit 6:32
 (2) The disciples are not to do
 good for profit 6:33
 (3) The disciples are not to use
 money to help others for
 profit 6:34
 (4) The disciples are to do what
 they do for the betterment of
 others without expecting to
 receive a profit from their
 actions because God will
 reward them and they will
 reflect God through such
 activity 6:35
 c) Jesus urges the disciples to be
 merciful just as God their Father
 is merciful in order for them to
 receive mercy 6:36-37
 (1) Statement: The disciples are
 to be merciful as God their
 Father is merciful 6:36
 (2) By not being judgmental or
 condemning, the disciples will
 not be judged or condemned but
 pardoned 6:37
 4) Jesus urges the disciples that it is
 necessary for them to always improve
 upon themselves because they will
 reproduce themselves 6:39-45
 a) Using the image of blind men, Jesus
 teaches that evil ones leading evil
 ones will destroy them both 6:39
 b) Using the analogy of a pupil and a
 teacher Jesus teaches that the
 teacher will only produce more of
 his kind 6:40
 c) Christ exhorts the disciples,
 therefore, to work on themselves
 before they correct or help another
 6:41-42
 d) The reason Jesus exhorts the
 disciples to correct themselves
 before leading is because of the
 fruit they will produce 6:43-45
 (1) the fruit a tree produces
 tells what kind of tree it is
 6:43-44a
 (2) Proof that fruit reveals the
 tree is seen in the sources
 that men go to when they want
 fruit--they correspond to
 identify the tree or the vine
 6:44b
 (3) Therefore, a good man produces
 good fruit from that which is
 within him, and an evil man
 produces evil fruit from that
 which is within him 6:45
 5) Jesus questions those who verbally
 acknowledge him and yet, do not obey him
 because obedience will bring life while
 disobedience will bring destruction
 4:46-49
 a) Jesus questions those who call him
 Lord, but do not obey him 6:46
 b) Jesus compares the one who comes,
 hears and acts upon his words to a
 man who does that which is
 difficult in laying a house's
 foundation upon a rock, but by
 building well survives the storms
 it faces 6:47-48
 c) Jesus compares the one who had
 heard and not acted accordingly to
 a man who avoids the necessary hard
 work in building a foundation, and
 has his house destroyed by the
 storms it faces 6:49
 2. The First Expressions of Faith: Jesus continually
 revealed himself to those who expressed their
 need, rather than to those who were confident in
 their self-sufficiency 7:1-50
 a. Setting: After completing the Sermon of the
 Plane (Mount), Jesus went to Capernaum 7:1
 b. The Centurion's Servant: In Capernaum Jesus
 responded to a centurion's faith by healing
 his servant from afar as he marveled that his
 faith was beyond that in Israel 7:2-10
 1) Jesus was asked by Jewish elders to come
 and save a worthy centurion's servant
 because the centurion loved Israel 7:2-
 5
 2) When Jesus was not far off, the
 centurion sent friends to tell him that
 because of His greatness and authority,
 He need not come, but simply command
 healing and his servant would be healed
 7:6-8
 3) Jesus marveled saying to the multitudes
 following him that not even in Israel
 had he found such great faith 7:9
 4) The slave was found to be healthy 7:10
 c. The Widow of Nain ( Nai'n ): Going to the
 obscure town of Nain, Jesus raised and gave
 back the widow's only son to her resulting in
 God being glorified as the people recognized
 Jesus and spread the word about him 7:11-17
 1) Setting: Jesus and his disciples,
 followed by a multitude, went southward
 to Nain soon after the healing of the
 centurion's servant 7:12
 2) As Jesus approached the city of Nain, he
 was met by a large funeral procession
 for a widow's only son 7:12
 3) Jesus stopped the funeral procession,
 ordered the young man to arise, and gave
 him back to his mother, alive 7:13-15
 4) The people responded positively by
 glorifying God, recognizing Jesus as a
 great prophet among them12, seeing God
 as having visited them (cf. 1:68), and
 spreading this report 7:16-17
 d. John the Baptist: After encouraging John and
 his followers, Jesus indicted the religious
 leaders of capricious fickleness by rejecting
 John and Himself warning that time will
 expose their evil 7:18-35
 1) Setting: The disciples of John reported
 to him (in prison) about all that Jesus
 was doing 7:18
 2) John and Jesus: When John inquired
 through two of his disciples whether or
 not Jesus was the coming Messiah, Jesus
 authenticated himself as the one
 bringing that which Isaiah spoke of, and
 urged John not to stumble over him 7:19-
 23
 a) John summoned two of his disciples
 to ask Jesus if he was the expected
 one ( ejrcomai ) or if they should
 look for another ( ajllo" ) 7:19
 b) When they inquired of Jesus, he
 then did many miracles before them
 and then told them to report to
 John what they had seen, namely
 that he was fulfilling that which
 was spoken by Isaiah (Isa. 61:1;
 cf. Lk. 4:18-19), and that he
 should not stumble (over the
 resistance which he was receiving)
 7:20-23
 3) Jesus on John: Jesus identified John as
 the prophet to introduce him--Messiah--
 and affirmed that those who enter the
 kingdom by receiving Him will be greater
 than John (cf. Lk. 16:16) 7:24-28
 4) The Response of the People: Although
 the people and the tax gatherers who
 were baptized by John honored God
 because of Jesus' words, religious
 leaders (the Pharisees and lawyers) who
 were not baptized by John rejected God's
 purpose 7:29-30
 5) Jesus accused the leaders of child-like
 fickleness by rejecting both Jesus and
 John affirming that time will expose the
 truth 7:31-35
 e. A Woman's Forgiveness: Jesus exposed the
 heart of a Pharisee by contrasting his cold
 reception of Christ with the thankful one of
 a woman who knew the extent of her
 forgiveness 7:36-50
 f. A Picture of Faith--the Women: As Jesus
 traveled and taught about the kingdom of God,
 some of the women who were ministered unto by
 Him also ministered to Him and the twelve
 from their possessions 8:1-3
 3. The Call to Faith: Moving from a general to a
 specific manner, Jesus exhorted his disciples to
 respond well to his word, then he demonstrated to
 them that he was Messiah through showing them his
 authority over creation, and finally urged them to
 trust in him even though he must suffer, and to
 follow his example as suffering-servants 8:4--
 9:50
 a. Exhortation: Jesus encouraged his followers
 to trust in his word because of the positive
 and negative consequences to their decision
 8:4-25
 1) Through a parable and then direct
 instruction, Jesus explained to those
 who came from all over to follow him
 that their further response to His word
 will determine its effectiveness in
 their lives 8:4-15
 a) Jesus challenged the multitudes who
 came to him to understand their
 response to him through a parable
 about planting seeds which focuses
 upon the many ways which one may
 reject him, as opposed to a good
 response 8:4-8
 (1) Jesus spoke in a parable to a
 great multitude who came from
 various cities 8:4
 (2) Jesus explained that there
 were many reasons for
 rejecting his word, but that
 those who received it would be
 fruitful 8:5-8
 b) When the disciples questioned Jesus
 about the meaning of the parable,
 he explained that it was a way of
 selectively revealing truth which
 in this case was that the response
 of people to his word will
 determine its effectiveness in
 their lives 8:9-15
 (1) Jesus' disciples began to
 question him about the meaning
 of the parable 8:9
 (2) Jesus explained that he spoke
 in parables in order to
 present new truth in a way
 which may be more clearly
 explained to those who seek it
 and concealed from those who
 do not desire to know as they
 stand in the pattern of
 Israel's hardness (Isa. 6:9)
 8:10
 (3) Jesus then explained the
 parable as picturing the word
 of God which is presented to
 people, but only bears good
 fruit with those who receive
 it 8:11-15
 2) Jesus encouraged his disciples to obey
 his word because of the consequences of
 their choices 7:16-25
 a) (The Thorns that Choke) Jesus
 warned his listeners to not conceal
 (cover up) what they have heard
 from him because it is meant to be
 exposed and because they will loose
 what they have, rather than
 receiving more 8:16-18
 (1) Jesus described how irrational
 it was for someone to light a
 candle and then to conceal the
 light because it was meant to
 give light to others, and
 because all that is hidden
 will one day be revealed
 8:16-17
 (2) Jesus urged his listeners to
 take care as to how they
 listened because those who do
 receive his word will receive
 more, but those who do not
 will lose what they have 8:18
 b) Through an incident where Jesus'
 natural family (mother and
 brothers) tried to reach him (to
 take Him away), Jesus taught that
 those who are truly a part of his
 family are those who hear the word
 of God and do it 8:19-21
 b. Christological Revelation: Jesus
 demonstrated his authority over all of
 creation (which in chaos debilitates humans)
 as he calmed the storm, delivered a severely
 demonized man, healed a woman of internal
 bleeding, and raised Jairus' daughter from
 the dead 8:22-56
 1) The Storm (outside): Jesus expressed
 his authority over nature by calming the
 sea which caused the disciples to wonder
 again about who he might be 8:22-25
 a) Setting: One day Jesus and his
 disciples got into a boat and were
 going to the other side of the lake
 8:22
 b) As they crossed the lake, Christ
 fell asleep, and a fierce storm
 overcame them placing them in
 danger 8:23
 c) Out of fear that they were going to
 perish the disciples woke up Jesus
 8:24a
 d) Jesus then stilled the raging storm
 by rebuking it 8:24b
 e) Jesus then confronted the disciples
 about their lack of faith 8:25a
 f) The disciples responded by
 wondering about who Jesus really
 was since nature obeyed him 8:25b
 2) Demons (outside): Jesus expressed his
 authority over demonic, spiritual realms
 by delivering a man from extremely
 severe demonization which resulted in
 the people fearfully requesting him to
 leave, but he did leave a witness in the
 delivered man 8:26-39
 a) Setting: Jesus and his disciples
 sailed across the Sea of Galilee to
 the country of the Gerasenes which
 is the opposite side of the Sea of
 Galilee 8:26
 b) When Jesus stepped onto the land he
 was met by a man who was abused by
 demons which he had 8:27
 c) When Jesus, out of compassion for
 the abused man, commanded the
 unclean spirit to come out of him,
 the demon identified Jesus as
 Messiah and begged him not to
 torture him with judgment (cf. 2
 Macc. 7:13) 8:28-29
 d) When Jesus learned that there were
 six thousand demons (legion) in the
 man, and that they were begging not
 to be judged (abyss, cf. Rom. 10:7;
 Rev. 9:1,11; 20:3), he permitted
 them to enter swine 8:30-32
 e) The demons then came out of the man
 and entered the swine and drowned
 them 8:33
 f) Those who saw and heard of the
 miraculous deliverance of the
 demonized man asked Jesus to leave
 their land because they were afraid
 8:34-37a
 (1) When the herdsmen saw what had
 happened, they ran and
 reported it to everyone in the
 city and country 8:34
 (2) When the people came out to
 see what had happened, they
 became frightened as they saw
 the demonized man in his right
 mind and under self-control
 with Jesus 8:35
 (3) When the herdsmen reported how
 Jesus had made the man well to
 those who had come out, the
 people were gripped with fear
 and asked Jesus to leave 8:36-
 37a
 g) Jesus responded to the people's
 fearful request by leaving, but
 also by providing a testimony to
 them through the delivered man
 8:37b-39
 (1) Jesus responded to the
 people's fearful request by
 leaving 8:37b
 (2) Jesus also sent the delivered
 man back to the town to be a
 witness to God's (Jesus') work
 [note--he is not told to be
 silent because he is in
 Gentile territory] 8:38-39
 3) Disease (inside): When Jesus returned
 from the Gerasenes and was met by a
 waiting multitude and a request to help
 Jairus' daughter, He demonstrated his
 authority over disease by healing a sick
 woman who out of the multitude reached
 to Jesus in faith 8:40-48
 a) As Jesus returned (to the other
 side of the Sea of Galilee--
 Capernaum?), the multitudes, who
 had been waiting for him, welcomed
 him 8:40
 b) A synagogue official named Jairus
 (ray from rwa meaning "to
 enlighten) pleaded with Jesus to
 come to his house and help his
 twelve year old daughter who was
 dying 8:41a-42
 c) As Jesus was on his way to the
 house of Jairus, and as the crowds
 were pressing upon him, a women
 with an issue of internal bleeding
 (cf. Lev. 15:25) touched the fringe
 of his cloak and was immediately
 healed 8:42b-44
 d) When the woman realized that she
 had not escaped Jesus' notice, she
 confessed before all her need, and
 the healing that had occurred, and
 Jesus explained that her faith (in
 him) had healed her 8:45-48a
 4) Death (inside): When Jesus went to
 Jairus' house, he demonstrated his
 authority over death by restoring
 Jairus' daughter to life, even in the
 midst of doubt and derision, and ordered
 the parents to tell no one 8:48b-56
 a) While Jesus was encouraging the
 woman who was healed by touching
 him, Jairus learned that his
 daughter was dead, and Jesus then
 encouraged him to not be fearful,
 but to believe (in him) and she
 will be made well 8:48b-50
 b) When Jesus entered the little
 girl's home with her parents and
 Peter, John and James, he
 experienced derision from the
 mourners whom he ordered to stop
 mourning because she was not dead--
 her body was asleep, 8:51-53
 c) When Jesus took the girl's hand and
 called her to arise, her spirit
 returned to her body and she
 resumed normal life 8:54-55
 d) Although her parents were amazed,
 Jesus instructed them to not tell
 anyone what had occurred 8:56
 c. Exhortations to Follow Jesus in Discipleship:
 Through an extension of his mission to the
 twelve, and confirmations of himself as
 Messiah, Jesus continually warned his
 disciples to receive him in his passion, and
 thus to follow him as servant-representatives
 9:1-50
 1) When the apostles returned from their
 divinely commanded mission into the
 villages of Israel, which even raised
 Herod's curiosity, they reported to
 Jesus and withdrew with him to Bethsaida
 9:1-10
 a) When the disciples received power,
 authority, and instruction from
 Jesus to go out and preach, they
 did went on their mission 9:1-6
 (1) When Jesus gave the twelve
 power and authority over
 demons and illness (that which
 he has just demonstrated--see
 above), he sent them out to
 proclaim ( khruvssein ) the
 kingdom and to perform
 healings 9:1-2
 (2) Jesus instructed the twelve to
 enter into their mission
 dependent upon God's working
 through those who receive them
 (no provisions), and to
 testify against those who do
 not accept them 9:3-5
 (3) The twelve left and did as
 Jesus instructed them--
 preaching and healing 8:6
 b) The disciples actions were so
 effective that Herod heard all
 kinds of reports and wanted to see
 Jesus himself 9:7-9
 (1) Herod the tetrarch (Antipas)
 heard of the ministry activity
 of the twelve 8:7a
 (2) Herod was perplexed (cf. Lk.
 24:4) about the various
 reports about the identity of
 Jesus (John, Elijah, a risen
 prophet) and was trying to see
 Jesus himself 9:8-9
 c) When Jesus heard of all the twelve
 had done, he withdrew with them to
 Bethsaida 9:10
 (1) When the apostles returned
 they gave an account (
 dihghvsanto--to tell narrative
 stories) of all that they had
 done 8:10a
 (2) Jesus then withdrew with the
 twelve to a Bethsaida (north
 on the sea of Galilee) 8:10b
 2) After Jesus confirmed his authority to
 provide for the multitudes through the
 disciples, he exhorted them, as they
 grew in their understanding of who he
 was, to follow him even though it may
 cost them (due to his passion), because
 they would regret not doing so when he
 returns in his glory 10:11-27
 a) Feeding the 5,000: Jesus welcomed
 the multitudes who followed him to
 Bethsaida by preaching and healing
 them, and refused to send them
 away, but provided for them through
 the twelve 9:11-17
 (1) Jesus welcomed the multitude
 who came to him, proclaimed
 the kingdom of God, and healed
 those with need 9:11
 (2) Towards the end of the day the
 twelve asked Jesus to send the
 multitude away so that they
 might find food and lodging
 9:12
 (3) Jesus responded by refusing to
 send them away, but telling
 the twelve to feed them 9:13a
 (4) The twelve objected to Jesus'
 advice because of the amount
 of people (5,000) and their
 inadequate provisions 9:13b-
 14a
 (5) However, Jesus demonstrated
 his ability to enable the
 twelve in ministry by feeding
 the multitude through the
 twelve with an excess (12
 baskets--one for each tribe)
 left over 9:14b-17
 b) When Jesus heard the disciples
 clear perception of who he was, he
 encouraged them to follow him, even
 though it may cost them (because of
 his passion), because otherwise,
 they will regret it when he comes
 in his glory, which some of them
 would see before they died 9:18-27
 (1) When Jesus was alone with his
 disciples, he questioned them
 about the multitude's
 perception of who he was 9:18
 (2) The twelve reported to Jesus
 that the multitude considered
 him to be one of several
 people: John the Baptist,
 Elijah, or one of the prophets
 raised to life (just as Herod
 had been told, cf. 9:7-8)
 9:19
 (3) Jesus then asked the twelve
 who they thought that he was
 9:20a
 (4) Peter then responded (for the
 twelve) by identifying Jesus
 as the anointed King of God--
 Messiah ( toVn cristoVn tou'
 qeou' ) 9:20b
 (5) After Jesus warned the twelve
 to tell no one of their
 understanding because of the
 up coming passion (must
 suffer), he exhorted them to
 follow him even it if cost
 them because otherwise they
 would regret it when he
 returns in his glory 9:21-26
 (6) Jesus then foretold that some
 of the twelve would not die
 before they saw the kingdom of
 God 9:27
 3) After strongly confirming his identity
 as Messiah on the mount to some of his
 disciples, Jesus reminded them of his
 passion and exhorted them to follow his
 example as servants sent by God 9:28-50
 a) On a mountain with Peter, John, and
 James, Jesus was confirmed in a
 visual and audible way to be God's
 Messiah 9:28-36
 (1) Eight days after Peter's
 confession and Jesus' promise,
 Jesus took Peter, John, and
 James up a mountain to pray
 9:28
 (2) While Jesus was praying he
 began to glow (cf. Lk. 24:4),
 and spoke with Moses and
 Elijah (the Law and the
 Prophets) about his passion (
 e!xodon ) 9:29-31
 (3) When the three disciples awoke
 (from their praying?) they saw
 it all and recognized it as
 the coming of the kingdom
 (thus Peter wishes to
 celebrate the Feast of
 Tabernacles--but in the wrong
 order [before the Day of
 Atonement]13) 9:32-33
 (4) God the Father then spoke and
 identified Jesus as Messiah
 (Ps. 2; 110), and the prophet
 like Moses (Deut. 18) 9:35
 (5) When all was over and Jesus
 was seen alone, the three
 apostles did not tell anyone
 (until after the resurrection)
 9:36
 b) Once again when Jesus showed his
 greatness by casting out a demon,
 he reminded the twelve of his
 upcoming passion, and taught them
 that greatness was in being someone
 whom God sent as a servant (like a
 child), and not being of a select
 group 9:37-50
 (1) When Jesus came down from the
 mountain with the three
 apostles on the next day, a
 man begged him to heal his
 demonized son whom the
 remaining apostles could not
 heal 9:37-40
 (2) Then (in a way similar to
 Moses who returned from the
 mountain) Jesus rebuked the
 people (including his
 apostles) for their unbelief,
 and delivered the demonized
 boy to the amazement of all
 9:41-43a
 (3) While everyone was marveling
 at the greatness of what Jesus
 had just done, Jesus reminded
 his disciples of his upcoming
 passion, but they did not
 understand (how this fit with
 him as Messiah) 9:43b-45
 (4) When the disciples were
 arguing about who among them
 was the greatest, Jesus taught
 them that greatness was in
 being someone whom God sent as
 a servant (like a child), and
 not being of a select group
 9:46-50
V. THE REJECTION OF THE SON OF MAN AND DISCIPLESHIP (JERUSALEM
 JOURNEY): As Jesus moved toward Jerusalem, he was
 continually rejected by the religious leaders as Messiah, he
 exposed the evil of people by emphasizing God's requirement
 of loyal love, and he prepared his disciples for service by
 instructing them in God's requirements of faithful love,
 warning them of his upcoming suffering, and proclaiming the
 upcoming judgment upon the nation 9:51--19:44
 A. Rejection of (and by) the Son of Man (and
 discipleship): As Jesus continually experienced
 rejection by the leaders of the nation of Israel he
 taught his disciples about how to serve and urged the
 multitudes to repent because of the severe judgment
 which would befall them as they were not part of God's
 forming kingdom 9:51--13:35
 1. Rejection Leads to Clarification About the Way:
 When Jesus was rejected on his way to Jerusalem in
 Samaria, he explained to those who were wishing to
 follow him the necessity of high commitment
 because of the danger involved, and then
 demonstrated to those who did follow the reason as
 to why he was worthy of such high commitment
 because they received delegated Messianic
 authority over Satan 9:51--10:24
 a. Rejection at Samaria Leading to Instruction:
 When Jesus was rejected in Samaria on his way
 toward Jerusalem, he explained to his
 disciples that now was not the time for
 judgment upon those who rejected him, and
 thus, that following him would be dangerous
 requiring a high level of commitment 9:51-62
 1) As Jesus moved toward providing
 salvation for men, he was rejected in
 Samaria, and thus explained to his angry
 followers that now he desired to save
 men rather than judge them 9:51-56
 a) Setting: as the time came for Jesus
 to return to the Father, he began
 to move with purpose toward
 Jerusalem14 9:51
 b) Jesus sent messengers ahead of him
 to make arrangements for him 9:52
 c) Jesus was not received in Samaria
 because he was gong to Jerusalem
 (cf. John 4) 9:53
 d) Although James and John were so
 enraged at Samaria's rejection of
 Jesus that they wanted the city to
 be judged (cf. 1 Ki. 18:20ff; 2 Ki.
 1:1-15), Jesus rebuked them because
 he had come at this time to save
 their lives 9:54-56a
 2) Instruction: In view of his rejection
 in Samaria, Jesus warned those who were
 choosing to follow him that it was
 dangerous requiring a high level of
 commitment 9:56b-62
 a) As Jesus was journeying to another
 village on his way from Samaria, he
 warned one who boasted of following
 him anywhere, of the danger
 involved since unlike animals,
 there is no place of safety for him
 9:57-58
 b) When Jesus called another man to
 follow him and the man requested
 that he be allowed to bury his
 dead, Jesus refused and urged the
 man to proclaim the kingdom of God
 9:59-60
 c) When another man said that he would
 follow Jesus after he said goodbye
 to his family at home (like Eisha,
 cf. 1 Ki. 19:19-20), Jesus said he
 was not useful ( eu!qetov" ) for
 the kingdom if he returned back
 (since this is not the time to do
 what the OT prophets did) 9:61-62
 b. The Sending of the Seventy-Two: Jesus
 demonstrated to those who followed him that
 he was worthy of their high commitment
 because he was bringing about through them OT
 hopes of delegated spiritual authority over
 Satan 10:1-24
 1) After appointing seventy-two to precede
 him on the way to Jerusalem, Jesus
 prepared them by describing needs,
 dangers, God's provision, and the effect
 on those who reject them as His witness
 1:1-16
 a) After presenting the cost of
 following him, Jesus appointed
 seventy-two followers, in addition
 to the twelve, and sent them two by
 two ahead of him to every place
 where he was going to come 10:1
 b) Preparing his disciples for
 ministry, Jesus exhorted them to
 pray for help, warned them of
 danger, exhorted them to trust God
 for their provisions, and spoke of
 the severe rejection they would
 experience by people, but which was
 ultimately of him 10:2-16
 (1) Jesus exhorted the seventy-two
 to pray for more laborers to
 work with them in the rich
 harvest of lives 10:2
 (2) Jesus exhorted the seventy-two
 to go with the shocking
 reality that by doing so their
 lives would be endangered
 10:3
 (3) Jesus exhorted the seventy-two
 to not provide for their own
 needs, but to receive those
 provisions from those who
 received them while testifying
 against those who reject them
 10:4-11
 (4) Jesus warned the seventy-two
 that a more severe judgment
 would come upon the cities
 (Choraizim, Bethsaida,
 Capernaum) who, knowing
 better, reject them, than upon
 the immoral city of Sodom, or
 the present Gentile cities of
 Tyre and Sidon 10:12-15
 (5) Jesus explained that the
 seventy-two represented him,
 and he represented the Father,
 therefore, peoples' response
 to them is also their response
 to Christ and the Father (cf.
 9:46-48) 10:16
 2) The seventy-two responded with joy over
 the ministry of the Holy Spirit among
 them as God's authority was expressed
 over demons in fulfillment of OT hopes
 10:17-24
 a) The seventy-two returned to Jesus
 with joy as they reported to him
 their authority over demons in his
 name 10:17
 b) Jesus agreed with their joy
 describing Satan as falling under
 their delegated authority over
 evil15 10:18-19
 c) Jesus clarified the issues for his
 followers by affirming that their
 joy should not be in their
 strength16 but in their place with
 God 10:20
 d) Jesus rejoiced in God's self-
 revelation through him to the young
 and dependent rather than to the
 wise and intelligent 10:21-22
 e) Jesus told the disciples that they
 were enriched because they have
 seen and heard what OT prophets and
 kings longed for 10:23-24
 2. Discipleship as a Devotion of Love: Jesus urged
 his disciples to love by being devoted to those
 who have needs that they can help, by being
 devoted to learning God's work, and by being
 devoted to express desires to a willing God
 through prayer 10:25--11:13
 a. Devotion to One's Neighbor--The Good
 Samaritan: Through a conversation with a
 lawyer who wished to justify himself under
 God's law in order to obtain eternal life,
 Jesus explained the necessity to love all men-
 -even one's enemies 10:25-37
 1) When Jesus was questioned by a religious
 lawyer about God's requirement for
 eternal life, he confirmed the lawyer's
 understanding that the Scriptures demand
 complete commitment to God and to men,
 and He encouraged him to do it 10:25-28
 a) Jesus was questioned in a testing
 way by a religious lawyer about
 what is necessary to inherit
 eternal life 10:25
 b) Jesus responded by asking the
 lawyer what he understood the Law
 to say regarding that question
 10:26
 c) The man correctly described God's
 requirement for eternal life as
 unreserved commitment to God and
 the need of all men 10:27
 d) Jesus affirmed the man's
 identification of God's
 requirements, and exhorted him to
 do it and live 10:28
 2) When the lawyer wished to justify
 himself by asking Jesus who his neighbor
 really was, Jesus identified a neighbor
 as any one who has a need which you are
 able to assist, whereupon the lawyer
 agreed and was urged to be a good
 neighbor 10:29-37
 a) The lawyer wished to justify
 himself in view of God's high,
 moral standard for eternal life, so
 he asked Jesus who his neighbor
 really was 9:29
 b) Jesus identified one's neighbor for
 the lawyer as anyone who is in
 need, whose need I am able to help
 through a story about a man who was
 robbed and beaten, was ignored by
 two (Jewish) religious leaders, but
 helped by an enemy (a Samaritan)
 who felt compassion for him 10:30-
 35
 c) Jesus asked the lawyer which of the
 three characters in his story was a
 neighbor to the man hurt by the
 robbers 10:36
 d) The lawyer identified the one who
 showed mercy as the neighbor 9:37a
 e) Jesus exhorted the lawyer to
 likewise show mercy to all who have
 need that he is able to help 9:37b
 b. Devotion to Jesus--Mary & Martha: Although
 Martha was devoted to Jesus by doing many
 things for him and those with him, Mary chose
 the better measure of devotion by hearing his
 instruction 10:38-42
 1) Setting: As Jesus was traveling in his
 ministry to the people, he entered a
 certain village of a woman, named
 Martha, who welcomed him into her house
 10:38
 2) While Martha was distracted with all of
 her preparations, her sister Mary was
 listening to the Lord speak 10:39-40a
 3) Martha complained to Jesus about Mary's
 leaving her to do all the serving alone,
 and entreated him to tell Mary to help
 10:40b
 4) Jesus corrected Martha about her
 obsession with "things to do" because
 listening to him was the better (best)
 choice 10:41
 c. Devotion to God--Prayer: Jesus taught his
 questioning disciples to pray to Him in a way
 which displays their dependence upon His
 goodness for physical and spiritual needs
 because His is extremely willing to answer
 them 11:1-13
 1) After Jesus had finished praying, his
 disciples asked him to teach them to
 pray just as John the Baptist had taught
 his disciples to pray 11:1
 2) Jesus taught his disciples to pray
 without shame for their physical and
 spiritual needs because the Father was
 very willing to answer their prayers
 11:2-13
 a) Jesus exhorted the disciples to
 ask, as unto a good Father, that
 His holy character be known as he
 comes and establishes his rule (in
 judgment?) 11:2
 b) Jesus exhorted his disciples to ask
 God for their own physical (food)
 and spiritual needs (forgiveness)
 11:3-4
 c) Physical Developed: Jesus
 emphasized that God was more
 willing to answer their prayer
 requests for physical needs than a
 reluctant friend 11:5-10
 d) Spiritual Developed: Jesus
 emphasized that God was like a good
 father in that he was willing to
 give them the Holy Spirit if they
 asked 11:11
 3. Controversy-Warning-Rebuke: When the religious
 leaders attributed Jesus' healing of a demoniac to
 the power of Satan, he exposed the error of their
 thinking, warned them of the dire consequences of
 closing their eyes to repentance, and later at a
 meal with a Pharisee and lawyer exposed the
 leaders for their self-centered religiosity which
 missed God and hurt others 11:14-54
 a. Controversy Over Healing: When Jesus healed
 a man of demonic oppression, and witnessed
 the doubting responses, He explained that
 their attributions of his work to Satan were
 illogical, and thus they should understand
 his work to be by the power of God 11:14-23
 1) Jesus enabled a man who was mute to
 speak by casting out a demon of dumbness
 11:14a
 2) The response to the miracle was varied
 from marveling to suspicion, and a need
 for further confirmation 11:14-16
 a) The multitudes responded by
 marveling 11:14b
 b) Some accused Jesus of using demonic
 power to do the miracle 11:15Note,
 Beelzebul (lord of the dung heap/or
 flies) is a play off of the Hebrew
 Beelsebub meaning "lord of lofty
 abode (cf. 2 Ki. 1:2,6).
 Therefore, Jesus is accused of
 doing this miracle by the pagan god
 lub of inhabitation
 c) Some were demanding a sign from
 heaven in order to authenticate
 (test) Jesus 11:16
 3) Jesus answered their objections
 logically by affirming that it is
 illogical to identify his work with the
 work of Satan since he is overpowering
 and plundering Satan, therefore, he must
 be acting by the power of God 11:17-22
 a) Jesus argued against the
 possibility of his performing the
 works of Satan by the principle
 that a divided house falls even if
 it is Satan's as the leaders' own
 children would testify 11:17-19
 b) Jesus argued that the only other
 possible explanation for this
 miracle was that he was casting out
 demons by the power (finger) of
 God, whereupon the kingdom of God
 has suddenly come upon them17
 because the strongman (Eph. 4) is
 being overpowered and plundered
 11:20-22
 b. Warnings About Response: Jesus warned those
 listening (the leaders) about the greater
 calamity which would occur if they did not
 receive him, affirming that obedience to his
 word was how to be in relationship with him,
 and thus exhorting them to not blind
 themselves, but to repent of their great evil
 11:23-36
 1) Jesus warned that the nation
 (represented by its rejecting leaders,
 note--"this generation" in Matt. 12:45)
 was in danger of being further demonized
 if they did not receive him 11:23-26
 2) Jesus corrected a woman who focused on
 the greatness of being related to Jesus
 by emphasizing that enrichment would
 come from obeying his word 11:27-28
 3) As more gathered around, Jesus accused
 his generation of wickedness which
 surpassed the Gentile nations of old
 because of their insensitivity to their
 superior revelation, and exhorted them
 to be open to his word 11:29-36
 a) As more began to gather around
 Jesus, he accused his generation of
 being a wicked one 11:29a
 b) Jesus identified his generation
 with the wicked Gentiles of Ninevah
 affirming that they would receive a
 sign for repentance through Jesus
 just as the Ninevites did through
 Jonah18 11:29b-30
 c) Jesus called his generation wicked
 because they were not as sensitive
 as pagan Gentiles were when they
 had lesser revelations through
 Solomon and Jonah 11:31--32
 d) Jesus exhorted those listening to
 his rebuke (the leaders) to not
 close their eyes so that they might
 see the light which he was giving
 to them (about who he is) 11:33-36
 c. Rebuke of Pharisees and Scribes: When Jesus
 dined with a Pharisee and a lawyer, he
 exposed (through six woes) their religiosity
 as personal gain which misses God and hurts
 others only to have them respond in even
 greater determination against Him 11:37-54
 1) While dining at a Pharisee's home, Jesus
 exposed the Pharisee's wrong thinking as
 only caring about external praise to the
 neglect of attitudes of the heart 11:37-
 44
 a) After Jesus accused his generation
 of wickedness, he was invited by a
 Pharisee for dinner 11:37a
 b) The Pharisee was surprised that
 Jesus sat down to eat in his house
 without performing ceremonial
 washings 11:37b-38
 c) Jesus corrected the Pharisees'
 wrong thinking by exposing them as
 externalists who only care about
 appearances rather than attitudes
 of the heart 11:39-44
 (1) Jesus corrected the Pharisee's
 external thinking by declaring
 his need for a clean heart
 which will make all else clean
 11:39-41
 (2) Jesus specifically exposed the
 inner wickedness of the
 Pharisees who guard the
 externals while ignoring
 attitudes of love and justice,
 who seek public praise and who
 trap unsuspecting people
 11:42-44
 2) When a lawyer objected to Jesus' harsh
 words as an insult, Jesus also exposed
 the evil of lawyers who in all of their
 "religion" hurt others, are against God,
 and mislead people 11:45-52
 a) A lawyer defensively accused Jesus
 of insulting them as well as the
 Pharisees with His harsh words
 11:45
 b) Jesus responded by recounting the
 evilness of lawyers who also do not
 help, but weigh others down, who
 are hurtful to God's servants as
 the evil leaders of old, and who
 lead people astray with them from
 any knowledge of God 11:46-52
 3) When Jesus left the dinner, those
 present only became more determined
 against him 11:53-54
 4. Discipleship--Trusting in God: In view of the
 rejection by the religious leaders, Jesus exhorted
 his disciples to avoid the self-preserving sins of
 hypocrisy and greed, and to be faithful servants
 whom God can reward when he returns 12:1-48
 a. Avoid Hypocrisy: In view of the rejection of
 the leaders and the coming of the multitudes
 Jesus warned his disciples against hypocrisy
 because God: will reveal private
 inconsistencies, will provide for your life,
 will hold everyone accountable for their
 words, and will enable them to speak the
 right words under pressure 12:1-12
 1) Setting: While the religious leaders
 were hostile toward Jesus' direct
 confrontation (11:54), thousands of
 people were seeking him out 12:1a
 2) Jesus warned his disciples to guard
 themselves from becoming hypocrites like
 the Pharisees 12:1b
 3) The reason Jesus warned against
 hypocrisy was because those private
 inconsistencies will not be private but
 will be revealed to all 12:2-3
 a) Jesus warned that hidden things
 will be brought into the open 12:2
 b) Jesus warned that private
 conversations will be exposed 12:3
 4) Another reason Jesus exhorted the
 disciples against hypocrisy was because
 in God's greatness, He will provide for
 their needs in life as one who cares for
 them 12:4-7
 a) Jesus explained that men who
 persecute them can only do limited
 damage to them 12:4
 b) Jesus then explained that God can
 effect men eternally 12:5
 c) Jesus finally assured the disciples
 that God, who has such great power,
 cared for their lives 12:6-7
 5) Another reason Jesus exhorted his
 disciples against hypocrisy was because
 everyone will be held accountable before
 God and his angels for their words 12:8-
 10
 a) Jesus explained that those who
 stand for Him will be honored 12:8
 b) Jesus explained that those who are
 hypocrites will be dishonored 12:9
 c) Jesus explained that those who
 dishonor Christ will be forgiven
 12:10a
 d) Jesus explained that those (like
 the religious leaders) who
 completely reject him, even in
 light of the Spirit's working
 through him, will not be forgiven
 12:10b
 6) Another reason Jesus warns the disciples
 against hypocrisy was because He will
 enable them to respond to those who
 would attack them by supernaturally
 enabling them to speak 12:11-12
 b. Avoid Greed: Ignited by a question on
 possessions, Jesus exhorted his disciples to
 not be greedy because of the deception
 connected with it, but to invest in people
 for God's sake knowing that He will provide
 for them and that their hearts will be drawn
 toward people 12:13-34
 1) Jesus refused to judge a secular will in
 which one brother was upset over not
 having the will shared with him 12:13-
 14
 2) Jesus took the question about material
 possessions as an opportunity to caution
 against being overtaken by greed 12:15a
 3) The reason Jesus warned about greed was
 because it can be a substitution for
 truly dealing with one's worth and with
 God 12:15b-21
 a) Jesus taught that one's worth is
 not in one's many things 12:15b
 b) Jesus illustrated his point about
 greed through the rich man who used
 his prosperity from God to spend
 upon himself rather than investing
 in people because of his
 relationship with God 12:16-21
 4) Jesus exhorted the disciples to pursue
 God's rule over things because He will
 provide for them as One who cares for
 them 12:22-31
 a) Jesus exhorted the disciples not to
 worry about basic necessities for
 life since life is more than food
 and clothing 12:22-23
 b) Jesus used birds as an example of
 those for whom God provides food to
 emphasize how much He will provide
 for the disciples who are of much
 more value 12:24
 c) Jesus explained that being anxious
 was futile since it could not add
 to life 12:25-26
 d) Jesus used lilies as an example of
 clothes for fields which God
 provides to emphasize how much He
 will provide for the disciples who
 are of much more value 12:27-28
 e) Jesus exhorted the disciples to not
 be obsessed with things as the
 godless are because the disciples
 have a caring Father for God, and
 thus, they should seek his rule and
 trust Him to provide for them
 12:29-31
 5) In contrast to being greedy, Jesus
 exhorted his disciples to fearlessly
 invest in the lives of people since the
 Father wants to give them the kingdom,
 and since their heart will be moved
 toward where their money is invested
 12:32-34
 c. Call To Be Ready and Faithful: Jesus ordered
 his disciples to be ready for the Lord's
 coming because they do not know when he will
 come, and he will hold them accountable when
 he does return honoring those who are
 faithful 12:35-48
 1) Jesus exhorted his disciples to be alert
 and watching for Messiah who will bless
 those who are ready because one does not
 know when he will come 12:35-40
 a) Jesus urged his disciples to be
 awake, alert, and ready for the
 Lord who could come at any time
 just as one would be for a master
 returning from a wedding feast
 12:35-36
 b) The reason Jesus urged the
 disciples to be ready was because
 those who are will be personally
 enriched by the Master who will
 serve them when he comes 12:37-38
 c) Jesus exhorted the disciples to not
 be found off guard by the imminent
 coming of Messiah which may be when
 they least expect Him 12:39-40
 2) When Peter asked Jesus about whom the
 master-servant parable applied to, He
 related it to leaders because the Master
 will hold leaders over his servants
 accountable when he returns 12:41-48
 a) Peter asked Jesus if he was
 directing his "exhortation to
 readiness" to everyone or to the
 disciples 12:41
 b) Jesus applied his exhortation to
 the disciples when he affirmed that
 a person's master will enrich a
 steward whom he placed in charge of
 caring for the master's servants by
 putting him in charge of all of his
 possessions 12:42-44
 c) Jesus warned that the servant who
 takes advantage of the master's
 slaves and over indulges in the
 master's possessions will be
 overtaken, severely judged, and
 placed with those who are
 unbelievers 12:45-46
 d) Jesus further explains that the
 discipline will be proportionate to
 what the servant understood 12:47-
 48
 (1) Jesus explained that the
 servant who knew better, but
 did not obey will experience
 severe consequences 12:47
 (2) Jesus explained that the
 servant who did not know
 better, but did wrong will not
 experience as severe of
 consequences 12:48a
 (3) Jesus explained that each
 person will be held
 accountable in proportion to
 what he has 12:48b
 5. Exhortations in View of Rejection: Jesus
 continually exhorted the people of Israel to
 choose to follow him in spite of the difficulties
 which their commitment would bring because the
 opportunity was not forever and the consequences
 for rejection were severe leading to personal
 judgment and a different character for the kingdom
 than they expected 12:49--13:35
 a. Choose in Spite of Division: Realizing the
 pressure which would come because of the
 divisions which he would cause, Jesus
 exhorted the multitudes to judge rightly
 concerning him because they will pay for
 their evil otherwise 12:49-59
 1) Even though Jesus came to purify the
 earth from evil with judgment, he
 acknowledged his difficult task of
 taking upon him men's sins 12:49-50
 2) Jesus denied that he came to give an
 evil world peace, but that he came to
 bring about choices of good which will
 cause unrest and division in life 12:51-
 53
 3) Jesus accused the multitudes of being
 selective in their perception of truth
 as they recognize physical phenomena,
 but do not analyze the time 12:54-56
 4) Jesus exhorted the multitudes to take
 the initiative to judge what is right
 because continued passivity and denial
 will lead to a long penalty of paying
 for their evil 12:57-59
 b. Choose During This Time: Jesus exhorted the
 people to not deny their need, and thus, to
 turn to him during this time of grace because
 this opportunity will not be available
 forever 13:1-9
 1) When the people made attempts to justify
 themselves by pointing to others19 who
 had recently died as a supposed judgment
 from God, Jesus corrected them by
 identifying their common guilt, and
 exhorting them to repent lest they too
 faced judgment 13:1-5
 2) Through a parable about a fig tree Jesus
 taught the people (Israel) that this was
 an extended time of grace for them to
 respond to him, or else they will be
 destroyed20 13:6-9
 c. The Kingdom in Light of Rejection: As Jesus
 continually faced rejection by the leaders of
 the nation of Israel, he explained that the
 kingdom would have a surprising character in
 that it would grow in its impact and would be
 have different inhabitants than might be
 expected, then Jesus mourned over the
 consequences of Israel's rejection of him
 13:10-35
 1) When Jesus was resisted for healing a
 demonized daughter of Abraham on the
 sabbath, he exposed the religious
 leaders' inconsistent use of the word of
 God to keep the covenant people bound by
 Satan, and proclaimed that the kingdom
 of God would begin small, but
 continually grow in strength and effect
 13:10-21
 a) Setting: While Jesus was teaching
 in one of the synagogues, a woman
 was present with a demonic
 affliction which had affected her
 posture for eighteen years 13:10-
 11
 b) Jesus immediately freed the woman
 from her affliction and she
 glorified God 13:12-13
 c) The synagogue official verbally
 attacked the multitude telling them
 that they should come on a day
 other than the sabbath to be healed
 13:14-15
 d) Jesus corrected the official's
 complaints by accusing the
 religious leaders of inconsistency
 with God's word when they treat an
 animal better than one of God's
 people (daughter of Abraham) 13:16-
 17
 e) When the opponents of Jesus were
 humiliated and the multitude
 rejoiced over what Jesus had done,
 he described the kingdom of God as
 that which will begin in a small
 way (seed, leven), but will
 continually grow in strength (tree)
 and effect (permeates) 13:18-21
 2) Who Will Be Saved: As Jesus passed from
 town to town preaching on his way to
 Jerusalem he answered those who wondered
 about who were going to be saved by
 exhorting them to enter in to salvation
 now, and by predicting that there were
 going to be big surprises about who
 would be in the kingdom (Gentiles) and
 who would not (Jews) 13:22-30
 a) As Jesus passed from one place to
 another preaching on his way to
 Jerusalem, he was asked if many
 were being saved 13:22-23
 b) Jesus answered the question about
 salvation by exhorting all to enter
 through Him recognizing that there
 will be some big surprises about
 who will be saved (Gentiles) and
 the loss of some (Jews) 13:22-30
 3) Lament Over Jerusalem: When Jesus was
 side-tracked by the religious leaders
 whom he was trying to reach, Jesus
 affirmed his destiny, and mourned for
 the nation who continues to reject him
 and will thus suffer for it 13:31-35
 a) While Jesus was talking about who
 would be saved, he was interrupted
 by Pharisees who exhorted him to
 leave since Herod desired to kill
 him 13:31
 b) Jesus responded by telling the
 Pharisees to inform Herod that he
 cannot be harmed until the
 appointed time in Jerusalem, and
 therefore, will continue to work
 the works of God 10:32-33
 c) Jesus then turned his attention
 back to Israel as he mourned their
 continual rejection of him which
 will lead to their own physical
 desolation as well as their own
 future, painful recognition of who
 he is (Ps. 118:26) 10:34-35
 B. Discipleship by the Son of Man (and rejection): As
 Jesus is continually challenged and rejected, he
 instructs the multitudes, and especially his disciples
 about the necessity of heart attitudes of loyal love
 which God looks for, and then finally proclaims the
 nation's upcoming destruction for their rejection of
 Him 14:1--19:44
 1. The Attitude of the Heart: Jesus chided the
 religious leaders and those present with him at
 the meal in the home of a Pharisee because they
 had an attitude of personal superiority which
 excluded "outsiders" (the poor and needy) thereby
 rejecting the God they claimed to serve, and thus
 risking to finding themselves excluded from God's
 kingdom, and the outsiders included 14:1-24
 a. Sabbath Healing: While Jesus was at a meal
 under the scrutiny of the religious leaders,
 he healed a man on the sabbath, and then
 rebuked the leaders of partisan religion
 because they would say that God approved of
 their helping their own on the sabbath, but
 not of Jesus healing a stranger on the
 sabbath 14:1-6
 1) Setting: Jesus was eating in the house
 of a Pharisee on the sabbath and they
 were laying in wait for him 14:1
 2) When Jesus saw a man who was suffering
 from dropsy (edema), he asked the
 leaders present if it was lawful to heal
 on the sabbath, but received no answer
 14:2-3a
 3) In view of the silence from the leaders
 Jesus healed the man, and rebuked the
 leaders for being hurtfully inconsistent
 because they use the law to help their
 own precious people or animals, but not
 a stranger 14:4b-6
 b. Lessons on Humility, Hospitality and
 Responsiveness: Jesus instructed those
 present at the dinner to correct their
 arrogant attitudes, love those with need who
 cannot love them back, and to respond to
 God's invitation because otherwise they will
 experience surprising loss in the future
 kingdom 14:7-14
 1) Humble One's Self: Jesus exhorted the
 guests at the table to not exalt
 themselves by seeking the seats of honor
 because this might lead to dishonor, but
 to humble themselves so that they might
 be exalted by God 14:7-11
 a) Setting: Jesus then turned his
 attention to the guests who had
 picked out the places of honor at
 the table and instructed them 14:7
 b) Jesus exhorted the guests to not
 exalt themselves by taking seats of
 honor because the seat may be
 reserved for another, and they may
 be disgraced when they must go to
 the last seat 14:8-9
 c) Jesus exhorted the guests to seek
 the last seat so that the host may
 extrude them to a position of more
 honor 15:10
 d) The reason Jesus gave this advice
 was because self-exalting will be
 humbled while humbling shall be
 exalted (by God) 14:11
 2) Hospitality: Jesus exhorted the
 religious leader who had invited him to
 diner to provide hospitality for those
 with need who cannot repay rather than
 for those who will return the kindness
 because God will see and reward his
 outreach at the resurrection of the
 righteous 14:12-14
 a) Jesus turned his attention to the
 one who had invited him to dine
 14:12a
 b) Jesus exhorted his host not to only
 share his food with those who can
 repay him, but with the needy who
 cannot return the favor 14:12b-14a
 c) The reason Jesus exhorted the host
 to care for the needy is because
 God will she his caring and repay
 him in the kingdom 14:14b
 3) Responsiveness: Even though one spoke
 well about being a part of the kingdom
 feast, Jesus explained that many who are
 considered outcasts will be enjoying the
 kingdom while those with invitations
 will not be in the kingdom because they
 would not come 14:15-24
 a) Setting: Someone at the table
 jumped in on Jesus' word about the
 resurrection and pronounced an
 inclusive blessing upon all who
 would be enjoying the kingdom of
 God 14:15
 b) Jesus then explained that those
 expected to be in the kingdom feast
 will not be there because they have
 refused the finale invitation in
 order to enjoy their own things--
 land, work, animals, and family
 relationships 14:16-20
 c) Jesus explained that those who were
 not expected will actually be the
 ones who will fill the banquet hall
 of the kingdom--the socially
 unaccepted, and the Gentiles 14:21-
 22
 d) Jesus explained that those who were
 unwilling to partake in the banquet
 (kingdom) will not be present
 14:24
 2. Discipleship in the Face of Rejection: Jesus
 exhorted the great crowds following him to commit
 themselves to him over all other commitments lest
 they later default and cause humiliation and loss
 for Jesus 14:25-35
 a. Setting: Large crowds were traveling with
 Jesus as he continued to make his way to
 Jerusalem (to die, cf. 9:51) 14:25a
 b. When Jesus turned to the large crowds, he
 challenged them to choose him at the expense
 of every other commitment to truly be his
 disciples 14:25b-27
 1) Jesus exhorted the crowds to commit to
 him over their commitments to parents,
 personal family, siblings, or one's own
 life to be a true follower of him21
 14:26
 2) Jesus taught the crowds that they must
 be willing to suffer persecution because
 of him in order to be his disciples
 14:27
 c. The reason Jesus required such consideration
 of commitment in order to be a follower of
 him was because by starting and then backing
 out they would bring about great criticism
 and personal loss 14:28-33
 1) Jesus explained that one who did not
 continue to follow him under pressure
 would be like one who began to build a
 tower and could not complete it in that
 outsiders who watched would criticize
 them for their incomplete efforts 14:28-
 30
 2) Jesus explained that one who did not
 continue to follow him under pressure
 would be like a king who is about to go
 to war, but with only half of the army
 he needed to win in that there will be
 great loss and forfeit to the enemy if
 he must back out of the battle 14:31-32
 d. Through the analogy of salt which loses its
 saltiness, and thus its usefulness, Jesus
 warned the crowd against losing their
 commitment to him and thus becoming useless
 for him 14:34-35
 3. The Pursuit of Sinners: Jesus corrected the
 religious leaders' attacking accusations that he
 was indiscriminate to sin by pictorially revealing
 God's heart as One which pursues the lost and
 rejoices when they return to Him 15:1-32
 a. Setting: When Jesus was surrounded by tax
 collectors and sinners, the religious leaders
 (Pharisees and teachers of the Law) accused
 Jesus of ignoring sin because he associated
 with sinners 15:1-2
 b. Jesus corrected the religious leaders'
 accusations by picturing God as one who also
 seeks sinners and who, unlike them in their
 jealousy, rejoices when sinners return to Him
 15:3-31
 1) The Lost Sheep: Jesus pictured heaven
 as a place where there is more rejoicing
 over a lost one who is found (repents)
 than over the majority who do not need
 to repent (the ninety-nine) 15:3-7
 2) The Lost Coin: Through the image of a
 woman who searches and rejoices over a
 lost coin Jesus pictures angles as those
 who searches and rejoice over a lost
 person who repents 15:8-10
 3) The Lost Son: Through the image of a
 rebellious son who returns Jesus
 pictures God to not be like the
 son/brother who is jealous over the
 repentance of the lost, but like the
 Father who rejoices over the repentance
 of his lost son, and who encourages his
 jealous brother to accept the son in his
 repentance 15:11-32
 4. Generosity: Through parables and direct
 instruction Jesus taught his disciples to invest
 money in people for the Lord's sake because He
 knows the heart beyond one's external appearances
 and will hold them accountable for their internal
 attitudes 16:1-31
 a. The Crafty Steward: Through the parable of
 the crafty steward who used his money to gain
 a place in people's hearts when he was in
 need, Jesus exhorted the disciples to choose
 to not serve money, but to serve him by
 investing money in people because this will
 lead to significant consequences when they
 enter eternity 16:1-13
 1) Jesus told his disciples an account
 about a steward who was caught for
 squandering his master's money and then
 shrewdly used his profits (he only
 reduced a portion of the bill for each
 in verses 6-7) to help others so that
 when he was in need he too might be
 helped 16:1-8a
 2) From the parable Jesus exhorted his
 disciples to be wise in their use of
 money by investing in people for
 eternity because there will be
 significant results: the people will
 gratefully receive them into eternity,
 and what they do today will affect what
 God entrusts them with in the future
 16:8b-12
 3) Jesus urged the disciples to select
 their master whom they would serve
 because they were not able to live for
 both money and for God with an undivided
 loyalty 16:13
 b. The Pharisees' Scoffing: When the Pharisees
 greedily scoffed at Jesus, He accused them of
 having an evil heart even though appeared to
 be upright before men, and sighted their
 rejection of him and the Law as specific
 examples 16:14-18
 1) The Pharisees, who were lovers of money,
 scoffed at Jesus 16:14
 2) Jesus accused the Pharisees of appearing
 to be upright before men, but of having
 hearts which are far from God who sees
 and detests their hearts 16:15
 3) Jesus specifically exposed the Pharisees
 of insensitivity to God in their
 rejection of him, and in their refusal
 to adhere to God's Law 16:16-18
 a) Jesus affirmed that rather than
 receiving Messiah as King of the
 kingdom, many (like the Pharisees)
 were attempting to violently
 force22 their way into the kingdom
 through their external obedience to
 the Law 16:16
 b) Jesus affirmed that the kingdom
 cannot be entered by men, like the
 Pharisees, because to enter on
 one's own requires that one fulfill
 all of the Law, and the Pharisees
 were circumventing it for their
 personal desires--a case in point:
 divorce 16:17-18
 c. Lazarus and the Rich Man: Through the
 account about the rich man and Lazarus, Jesus
 demonstrated the external insensitivity of
 the rich who know the law and that God is
 aware of heart attitudes and will hold people
 accountable for them 16:19-31
 5. Forgiveness: Jesus warned his disciples to not
 become stumbling blocks for others by refusing to
 forgive them of their sin, but to forgive them as
 faithful servants before God their master 17:1-10
 a. As Jesus spoke to his disciples about
 stumbling blocks, He warned of the awfulness
 of becoming one and thus exhorted them to
 guard themselves by having a forgiving spirit
 17:1-4
 1) Setting: Jesus spoke to his disciples
 17:1a
 2) Jesus taught that while it was
 inevitable that stumbling blocks would
 come, that it would be awful to be one
 who causes stumbling 17:1b-2
 b. Jesus warned the disciples, therefore, to
 guard themselves against an unforgiving
 spirit when a brother sinned against them
 17:3-4
 1) Jesus warned the disciples to be on
 their guard (so as to not become a
 stumbling block) 17:3a
 2) Jesus instructed the disciples to
 forgive a brother who sinned against
 them even if his repentance was not
 genuine 17:3-4
 a) Jesus urges his disciples to
 forgive a brother who sins against
 them and repents 17:3
 b) Jesus explains that his disciples
 are to forgive a brother who sins
 against them even if his repentance
 is not genuine 17:4
 c. When the disciples attempted to excuse
 themselves from Jesus' exhortation by needing
 more faith, Jesus taught them that
 forgiveness is not an issue of needing
 superior amounts of faith, but is an issue of
 obedience motivated by mercy which they have
 received from God 17:5-10
 1) The Apostles responded to Jesus'
 difficult exhortation by requesting him
 to increase their faith 17:5
 2) Jesus responded to the disciples by
 telling them that the issue is not a
 question of faith, but a question of
 obedience to their master as is expected
 of a servant 17:6-10
 a) In the form of hyperbole Jesus
 taught that more faith was not the
 key to forgiving another because a
 tiny amount of faith is able to do
 enormous things 17:6
 b) In the form of a story Jesus taught
 that the key to forgiving another
 is in a will to obey their master,
 even when it is difficult, as a
 servant is expected to obey 17:7-
 10
 6. Kingdom Expectations: In view of Israel's
 misperception of themselves as not being in need
 before God (only the Samaritan returned) Jesus
 taught the religious leaders that the kingdom was
 near them, and he taught his disciples that
 although he must suffer now, he would return
 suddenly and after the deliverance of God's own,
 He would judge those doing evil; therefore, he
 urged the disciples to continue in faithful prayer
 to their good God for the kingdom 17:11--18:8
 a. The Samaritan Leper's Faith: When Jesus
 healed ten lepers, only a foreigner returned
 to give him thanks, and Jesus affirmed that
 his faith (in Jesus) had saved him 17:11-19
 1) Setting: While Jesus continued on his
 way to Jerusalem (cf. 9:51), he passed
 between Samaria and Galilee and entered
 a certain village where ten leperous
 men called from a distance to him to
 have mercy upon them 17:11-13
 2) When Jesus saw them he ordered them to
 go and show themselves to the priest,
 whereupon they were cleansed as they
 were going 17:14
 3) When one of them, who was a Samaritan,
 saw that he had been healed, he returned
 glorifying God, and humbly gave thanks
 to Jesus 17:15-16
 4) Jesus noted that only the foreigner
 turned back to give thanks to God, and
 then dismissed the Samaritan explaining
 that his faith had made him well (saved
 him, sevswkevn) 17:17-19
 b. Concerning Consummation: When Jesus was
 questioned about when the kingdom was coming,
 he responded by affirming its present aspect
 through his presence and future suffering,
 and its consummate aspect of deliverance of
 God's people before the judgment of evil ones
 17:20-37
 1) Setting: The Pharisees were questioning
 Jesus about when the kingdom was coming
 17:20a
 2) Now Aspect: Jesus corrected the view
 that the kingdom of God would be coming
 in a sudden, visible way by affirming
 that it is already among them23 17:20b-
 21
 3) Suffering Before Glory: Jesus explained
 that Messiah will come in glory for all
 to see as Daniel's Son of Man, but first
 he must suffer 17:22-25
 a) Jesus then spoke to his disciples
 17:22a
 b) Jesus warned his disciples that a
 day will come when they will long
 for the coming of Messiah (the Son
 of Man, cf. Dan. 7:13), but will
 not see it 17:22b
 c) Jesus warned his disciples to not
 search after reported messiahs
 because the coming of the Son of
 Man will be visible to all 17:23-
 24
 d) Jesus explained to his disciples
 that the coming of Messiah must
 first be preceded by his suffering
 and rejection 17:25
 4) Consummation in Judgment: Jesus
 explained to his disciples that the
 coming of the Son of Man would be at an
 unexpected time full of judgment for
 many but preceded by God's deliverance
 of his own 17:26-37
 a) Jesus likened the appearance of the
 Son of Man to the times in history
 when God rescued his people from
 his judgment upon others for their
 evil 17:26-30
 (1) Jesus explained that the days
 of the Son of Man would be
 like the days of Noah when God
 delivered him and destroyed
 the people with a flood 17:26-
 27
 (2) Jesus explained that the days
 of the Son of Man would be
 like the days of Lot when God
 delivered Lot, and destroyed
 the people with fire and
 brimstone 17:28-30
 (3) Once again Jesus confirmed
 that the revelation of the Son
 of Man will be just as it was
 with the judgment in Noah's
 and Lot's days 17:30
 b) Jesus explained that the coming of
 the Son of Man will be a time of
 deathly judgment for those who are
 not ready 17:31-37
 (1) Jesus explained that when the
 Son of Man comes people should
 not attempt to go back and
 recover from their former life
 because in turning back they
 will lose their life, just as
 with Lot's wife 17:31-33
 (2) Jesus explained that when the
 Son of Man comes there will be
 a judgment which will separate
 (take away) people who seem to
 be in identical states in life
 17:34-36
 (3) Jesus explained that those who
 are taken away will be taken
 in judgment where there is
 death 17:37
 c. Prayer and Vindication: Through a negative
 image of a judge who reluctantly did good for
 a persistent widow, Jesus urged his disciples
 to continue to have confidence in God as the
 good judge who will answer their prayers for
 vindication 18:1-8
 1) Setting: Jesus taught his disciples in a
 parable in order to encourage them to
 continually pray to God (for the
 kingdom) without losing heart 18:1
 2) Jesus introduced the characters in his
 parable as a judge who was without
 restraint because he did not fear God
 nor respect man, and a widow who
 continually sought him out for
 protection from her opponent 18:2-3
 3) Jesus taught that although the evil
 judge was at first unwilling to help the
 widow, he decided to because she
 continually bothered him 18:4-5
 4) Jesus used the unrighteous judge as an
 example as he affirmed that God will
 certainly bring about justice speedily
 for those who ask (for the kingdom)
 18:6-8a
 5) Jesus balanced God's commitment ( plhVn
 ) by questioning whether people will be
 found faithfully (praying) when he
 returns to earth 18:8b
 7. Humility and Trusting God: Jesus taught the self-
 righteous (Pharisees, rich) that God requires a
 humble, trusting, and sacrificing heart (tax-
 gatherer, children, disciples) from his followers
 in order for them to partake in the kingdom of God
 18:9-30
 a. Pharisee and Tax Collector: Through the
 parable of the Pharisee and the tax-gatherer
 Jesus taught those who considered themselves
 to be righteous that externals do not justify
 a man, but a humble-repentant heart before
 God 18:9-14
 1) Setting: Jesus told a parable to those
 who considered themselves righteous
 (through their own ability) and who
 viewed others with contempt 18:9
 2) Jesus taught about two men who
 externally appeared to righteous and
 unrighteous (a Pharisee and Tax-
 gatherer, respectively), but who were in
 fact just the inverse because of the
 attitude of their heart 18:10-14
 a) Two men went into the temple to
 pray: one was a Pharisee and the
 other was a tax-gatherer (for Rome)
 18:10
 b) Jesus taught that the Pharisee
 stood boldly before God thanking
 Him for his superiority to other
 evil people (especially the tax-
 gatherer who was present) because
 he performed the external rites of
 tithing and fasting 18:11-12
 c) Jesus taught that the tax-gatherer
 humbly stood mourning and begging
 God to be satisfied24 in His anger
 with him ( ilavsqhtiv --propitiate;
 cf. Heb. 2:17) because he was a
 sinner (he repented like the
 prodigal son) 18:13
 d) Jesus thus proclaimed that the tax-
 gatherer was righteous when he left
 rather than the Pharisee because he
 humbled himself (with repentance)
 18:14
 b. The Faith of Children: When the disciples
 were preventing children from being brought
 to Jesus, He corrected them and taught them
 that those who will receive him as children
 do will be a part of God's kingdom 18:15-17
 1) Setting: People were bringing (
 prosferw ) their babies to Jesus so that
 he might touch them (perhaps to heal
 them, cf. a!pthtai in 5:13, 6:19; 7:14;
 8:44-47; 22:51) 18:15a
 2) When the disciples saw what was
 occurring, they began to rebuke the
 people for bringing their children to
 the Lord 18:15b
 3) Jesus then exhorted the disciples to not
 stop the children from coming to him,
 and promised the kingdom to those who
 received him as these children did
 18:16-17
 a) Jesus exhorted the disciples to not
 stop the children from coming to
 Him 18:16a
 b) Jesus proclaimed that the kingdom
 belonged to people who received him
 as these children did 18:16b-17
 c. The Rich Man: When a rich ruler inquired of
 Jesus about how to obtain eternal life, Jesus
 exposed his unwillingness to fully give up
 his possessions for the love of his brothers
 and to follow him, thus teaching that while
 the rich find it difficult to enter into the
 kingdom, those who do give up all are, and
 will be, richly rewarded 18:18-30
 1) A certain ruler asked Jesus about what
 he must do in order to obtain eternal
 life 18:18
 2) After Jesus questioned the ruler's
 motive in addressing Him as morally good
 ( ajgaqo" ), He proclaimed the Laws
 requirement to love other men as
 necessary for eternal life 18:19-20
 a) Jesus questioned as to why the
 ruler addressed Jesus as good since
 only God was characterized by
 goodness 18:19
 b) Jesus cited the second table of the
 Law (to love your neighbor) as a
 requirement for everlasting life
 18:20
 3) The man professed to have guarded
 against breaking this law since his
 youth 18:21
 4) When Jesus heard the man's arrogant
 response, He exposed his breaking of the
 Law by exhorting him to sell all of his
 possessions, distribute the proceeds to
 the poor, and to follow Him 18:22
 5) The rich man responded to Jesus'
 requirement was that the man became sad
 because he was very rich 18:23
 6) Jesus also became sad when he looked at
 him and proclaimed that it is very
 difficult (impossible) for the rich to
 enter into the kingdom without God
 18:24-25
 7) Jesus explained to his perplexed
 disciples who were sure that the rich
 would enter the kingdom of God (cf.
 Deut. 27--28) that only with God can
 anyone enter the kingdom 18:26-27
 8) When Peter reminded Jesus of the
 disciples willingness (unlike the rich
 ruler) to leave all and follow him, He
 encouraged them that they, along with
 others who follow, will not only receive
 eternal life, but much much more now (in
 the community) 18:28-30
 8. Jesus Turns to Jerusalem: Even though Jesus
 understood and proclaimed to his disciples that he
 was going to suffer and be resurrected, he also
 demonstrated himself to be Messiah by restoring a
 man's sight, forgiving Zaccheus of his sin,
 proclaiming that he will judge all when he returns
 with his kingdom, approaching Jerusalem as her
 Messiah, and prophetically weeping for her
 upcoming judgment because of her hardened
 rejection of his prophesied visitation 18:31--
 19:44
 a. Passion Prediction: As Jesus turned his face
 to Jerusalem, He predicted his coming
 suffering and resurrection to a group of
 noncomprehending disciples 18:31-34
 1) Jesus told his twelve apostles that he
 was going to Jerusalem where he was
 about to be abused, killed and rise
 again just as the prophets wrote about
 the Son of Man (cf. Dan. 7:13; Ps. 22:6-
 8,16-18; Isa. 53) 18:31-33
 2) The disciples did not seem to comprehend
 this saying ( rJh'ma ) at all because it
 was hidden from them 18:34
 b. Physical Demonstration as Messiah: Jesus
 demonstrated himself to be Messiah by
 restoring the sight of one who called to him
 in faith as the Son of David 18:35-43
 1) Setting: As Jesus was approaching
 Jericho, a certain blind man was sitting
 by the road and begging and heard that
 Jesus of Nazareth was passing by25
 18:35-37
 2) Although the people were trying to
 silence the blind man, he continued to
 call to Jesus as Messiah (Son of David)
 to mercifully help him 18:38-39
 3) Jesus stopped and had the man brought to
 him whereupon he asked the man what he
 wanted Him to do for him 18:40-41a
 4) When the man requested Jesus to restore
 his sight, He did so and told the man
 that his faith had saved ( sevswkevn )
 him 18:41b-42
 5) The man immediately regained his sight,
 followed Jesus, and glorified God along
 with the rest of the people 18:43
 c. Spiritual Demonstration as Messiah: Jesus
 demonstrated himself to be Messiah by
 bringing true deliverance from personal evil
 to Zaccheus--a son of Abraham 19:1-10
 1) Setting: When Jesus entered and was
 passing through Jericho, a wealthy,
 chief, tax-gatherer named Zaccheus from
 ykz meaning pure transparent, clear one-
 -foreshadowing) was in a sycamore tree
 trying to see Jesus as He passed by
 19:1-4
 2) When Jesus came by the place where
 Zaccheus was he called him down
 insisting that he must ( dei' ) stay at
 his house, whereupon, Zaccheus hurried
 down and gladly received Jesus 19:5-6
 3) When the people saw the interchange
 between Jesus and Zaccheus, they
 grumbled against Jesus (cf. 15:2)
 because he was going to be the guest of
 a sinner 19:7
 4) When Zaccheus told Jesus that he was
 giving half of his possessions to the
 poor, and making restitution to those
 whom he had defrauded, Jesus announced
 that salvation ( swthriva ) had come to
 his house as a lost son of Abraham whom
 Jesus had come to seek and to save 19:8-
 10
 d. Parabolic Demonstration as Messiah: Jesus
 proclaimed himself to be the Messiah who will
 hold his servants responsible for obedience
 as well as his enemies for their rebellion
 against Him when he returns with his Kingdom
 19:11-27
 1) Setting: As Jesus' disciples were
 listening to Jesus' words to Zaccheus,
 they were expecting the kingdom to
 immediately appear when Jesus arrived in
 Jerusalem, therefore, Jesus told them a
 parable26 19:11
 2) Jesus introduced the main characters of
 the parable as a nobleman who went away
 to receive a kingdom, servants whom he
 commanded to be productive in his
 absence, and citizens who hated him and
 sent a delegation after him to prevent
 Him from ruling over them 19:12-14
 a) Jesus taught that a nobleman went
 away to receive a kingdom and then
 returned27 19:12
 b) Jesus taught that the nobleman
 called his ten servants, gave them
 each the same amount-- a mina (just
 over a week's wage), and ordered
 them to multiply it in his absence
 19:13
 c) Jesus taught that his citizens
 hated Jesus and sent a delegation
 after him in order to prevent him
 from receiving the kingdom 19:14
 3) Jesus taught that when the nobleman
 returned, he evaluated his servants and
 proportionately rewarding those who had
 been faithful, and taking reward away
 from the servant who had not been
 faithful 19:15-26
 4) Jesus then taught that the nobleman slew
 his enemies who did not want for him to
 rule over them (cf. 19:14) 19:27
 e. Approaching Jerusalem as Messiah: When Jesus
 approached Jerusalem as Messianic-king under
 the praise of his disciples, the Pharisees
 ordered him to rebuke his disciples, but
 Jesus refused claiming that in their silence
 creation would cry out 19:28-40
 1) Setting: After Jesus had said his
 parable of explanation to the disciples,
 he went on to ascend to Jerusalem (cf.
 9:51) 19:28
 2) When Jesus approached Bethphage and
 Bethany (near the mount of Olivet) he
 sent two disciples to find a colt, which
 he had arranged for, which no one had
 yet sat upon 19:29-31
 3) When the disciples found the colt and
 brought it back to Jesus, they threw
 their garments upon it, placed Jesus
 upon it, and honored him as king as they
 spread their garments before him on the
 road (cf. 2 Ki. 9:13) 19:32-36
 4) As Jesus approached the descent of the
 Mount of Olives, the multitude of his
 disciples began to proclaim Jesus as
 Messiah by shouting Psalm 118:26 which
 proclaimed that Jesus was their
 Messianic king who was coming to save
 them as he rode into his kingdom 19:37-
 38
 5) When some of the Pharisees told Jesus to
 rebuke his disciples, he proclaimed that
 if the disciples were silent, creation
 itself would proclaim his Messiahship
 19:39-40
 f. Weeping for Jerusalem: When Jesus came to
 Jerusalem, he wept for the nation as a
 prophet about to proclaim its destruction
 because they had not recognized their day of
 visitation as prophesied in Daniel,
 therefore, they were going to be destroyed by
 their enemies 19:41-44
 1) Setting: When Jesus approached
 Jerusalem, he saw the city and wept for
 it as a prophet proclaiming its doom
 (cf. OT imagery for destruction of the
 nation, cf. Jer. 8:18ff.; 15:5; 2 Ki.
 8:11ff) 19:41
 2) Jesus then proclaimed that the nation in
 their hardness had missed their day of
 Messianic visitation (by not receiving
 him, cf. 19:39) which would have led to
 peace, therefore, destruction from their
 enemies awaited them28 19:42-44
VI. THE CRUCIFIXION, RESURRECTION, AND ASCENSION OF THE SON OF
 MAN (IN JERUSALEM): After Jesus cryptically revealed his
 authority as Messiah to those who desired to kill him,
 foretold of the nations' upcoming judgment before his return
 as the Son of Man, taught his disciples that he was the
 fulfillment of the Passover meal, was betrayed by Judas, was
 crucified as the faithful substitute for the sin of men, and
 rose from the dead, then Jesus confirmed his resurrection to
 his disciples, and commissioned them to wait until the
 promised Spirit comes upon them and then to proclaim the
 forgiveness of sins which comes through repentance for all
 nations, whereupon the disciples faithfully returned to
 Jerusalem to wait as they glorified God 19:45--24:53
 A. Controversy Over Authority: When Jesus did the work of
 God by cleansing the temple from the corrupt merchants
 who prohibited Gentiles from worshiping and by teaching
 in the temple, the religious leaders insincerely
 questioned the nature of his authority, whereupon, he
 cryptically revealed his authority as being Messiah,
 and then warned his disciples against using their
 authority like the scribes to abuse people, but to
 sacrificially serve God like the poor widow 19:45--
 21:4
 1. Temple Cleansing: As Jesus cleansed the temple he
 pronounced the Lord's rebuke upon the religious
 leaders' corruption of his place of worship, and
 the leaders descried to destroy him, but were
 afraid of the people 19:45-48
 a. (On Monday--the day that they chose the
 Passover lamb [cf. Ex. 12:3-6]) Jesus entered
 the temple and began to cast out those who
 were selling (sacrifices) 19:45
 b. Jesus proclaimed that the merchants in the
 temple had turned the meeting place of all
 men (the Gentiles) with God (a house of
 prayer) into a den of thieves (cf. Isa. 56:7;
 Jer. 7:11) 19:46
 c. As Jesus was teaching in the temple each day
 the religious leaders (chief priests and
 scribes) were trying to destroy him (chosen
 as the lamb to die?), but they could not do
 anything because of his popularity with the
 people 19:47-48
 2. The Question of Authority: When Jesus was
 questioned about his authority, he refuses to
 directly reveal the answer because of the
 insincerity of the religious leaders for truth,
 but then cryptically revealed it as his being
 Messiah through a parable, correct teaching, and
 his own question to the leaders from Psalm 110,
 whereupon, he warned his disciples to not use
 their authority like the scribes do in order to
 abuse people, but to sacrificially serve God 20:1-
 -21:4
 a. The Direct Question--Whose Authority: When
 Jesus was directly asked in the temple about
 the source of his authority to do that which
 he did, he exposed the unwillingness of the
 religious leaders to deal with the truth, and
 so refused to directly tell them of the
 source of his authority 20:1-8
 1) On one of the days when Jesus was
 teaching and preaching in the temple the
 religious leaders (chief priests,
 scribes, and elders) confronted Jesus
 asking him about his authority to do
 that which he was doing (e.g., cleansing
 the temple) 20:1-2
 2) Jesus refused to directly answer the
 question of the religious leaders until
 they demonstrated their own sincerity to
 speak truth by answering His question
 concerning the origin (authority) of
 John the Baptist 20:3-4
 3) When they leaders reasoned among
 themselves that there was no way for
 them to directly answer Jesus' question
 ("yes" confirmed Jesus, and "no" stirred
 the people), they decided to answer
 deceitfully by affirming that they did
 not know where John's authority came
 from 20:5-7
 4) Therefore, Jesus refused to directly
 tell the religious leaders about his
 authority to do what he did 20:8
 b. An Indirect Answer--The Owner's Son: Through
 the parable of wicked vinedressers, Jesus
 indirectly revealed himself as the Owner's
 son whom the nation was about to kill in
 their rebellion, and urged them to repent and
 receive Him, lest they enter into judgment,
 and the Lord go to the Gentiles 20:9-19
 1) Setting: Jesus then spoke to the people
 in the temple in a parable 20:9a
 2) Jesus taught about a man who planted a
 vineyard, and then rented it out to vine-
 growers while he went on a long journey
 20:9bNB--Israel is often likened to a
 vineyard (e.g., Isa. 5:1-7)
 3) Jesus then taught about the rebellion of
 the vine-growers who refused to give
 back to the owner some of the produce of
 the vineyard, and in fact beat and
 abused his servants finally killing his
 son 20:10-15a
 4) Jesus then proclaimed that the owner
 would come and destroy the vine-growers,
 and give the vineyard to others
 (Gentiles?) 20:15b-16a
 5) The people, understanding the message of
 judgment upon the nation, begged that it
 might never be ( mhV gevnoito ) 20:16b
 6) Jesus then responded that the people
 need to break themselves upon Jesus (by
 receiving him) lest they be pulverized
 by him (the Stone-King) when he returns
 in judgment 20:17-18
 c. Jesus' Authority is Tested: When the
 religious leaders became threatened by Jesus'
 words of condemnation against them (above),
 they capture him by discrediting him before
 the people with spies who would ask questions
 about taxes and the resurrection, but Jesus
 answered them so well, that they ceased to
 question him any further 20:19-40
 1) Setting: When Jesus condemned the
 nation (above), the religious tired to
 capture Him, but were unable to because
 of his popularity with the people;
 therefore, they tried to discredit Jesus
 before the people by sending spies to
 capture him in a wrong word, and thus to
 arrest him 20:19-20
 2) The Temple Tax: When spies attempted to
 discredit Jesus before the people by
 asking whether it was lawful to pay
 taxes to Caesar, they were silenced over
 his balanced answer to give back that
 which bares it's owner's image upon it
 (money to Caesar/one's self to God)
 20:21-26
 a) The spies questioned Jesus, under
 the camouflage of sincerity, about
 whether it was lawful to pay taxes
 to Caesar 20:21-22
 b) When Jesus detected their trickery,
 he wisely answered that they should
 give back to the one who owned the
 object with his image upon it
 (money to Caesar/one's self to God)
 20:23-25
 c) The spies were thus silenced since
 they were unable to catch him in
 his answers, and since they
 marveled at his answered 20:26
 3) The Resurrection: When some Sadducees
 tried to discredit Jesus through their
 understanding of the resurrection, Jesus
 exposed their misunderstanding through
 the nature of the future resurrection,
 and through a Mosaic passage which
 affirmed the necessity of the
 resurrection 20:27-40
 a) Setting: Some Sadducees, who
 denied the resurrection, tried to
 discredit Jesus with a question
 about the absurdity of the
 resurrection since a woman involved
 in levirate marriage (Deut. 25)
 would have numerous husbands in a
 resurrection 20:27-33
 b) Jesus responded by exposing the
 Sadducees misunderstanding of the
 resurrection through affirming that
 the raised do not marry one
 another, and by affirming that the
 patriarchal fathers must be raised
 in order to experience the
 fulfillment of God's promises to
 them 20:34-38
 (1) Jesus exposed the
 senselessness of the
 Sadducees' question by
 affirming that levirate
 marriage is not a difficulty
 in the resurrection because
 those who are raised will not
 be married to one another, but
 will be like angels (another
 doctrine which the Sadducees
 denied) 20:34-36
 (2) Jesus then supported the
 resurrection from the
 Pentateuch (that which the
 Sadducees followed) by
 affirming that Abraham, Isaac
 and Jacob must be resurrected
 for God to fulfill his
 promises to them 20:37-38
 c) Some of the scribes affirmed that
 Jesus had spoken well, and did not
 dare to ask him any further
 questions 20:39-40
 d. Jesus Proclaims His Authority--Messiah as
 Lord: Through an unanswered question Jesus
 identified himself as David's Lord
 (Messiah/God?) in accordance with Psalm 110
 20:41-44
 1) Setting: After Jesus has been
 continually interrogated, he then asks
 the leaders as question 19:41a
 2) Jesus asked the leaders how it was that
 Messiah (Christ) is David's son since
 David called him Lord who sits at the
 right hand of God and rules as God's
 equal (Psalm 110) 19:41b-44
 e. Jesus instructs His Disciples: After Jesus
 directly identified himself as Messiah, he
 warned his disciples to not use their
 authority like the scribes in order to abuse
 people, but to give sacrificially of
 themselves to God as the poor widow did in
 the treasury 20:45--21:4
 1) Negative Example--The Scribes: Jesus
 warned the disciples not to be like the
 scribes who use their authority to abuse
 people because they will receive a
 greater judgment 20:45-47
 a) Jesus then warned his disciples
 before all of the listening people
 20:45a
 b) Jesus warned his disciples to not
 use their authority to abuse people
 like the scribes because such a use
 will lead to greater condemnation
 20:45b-47
 2) Positive Example--The Widow: Jesus
 commended to his disciples the example
 of the poor widow who sacrificially gave
 to the Lord rather than the rich who
 gave out of their surplus 21:1-4
 a) Setting: Jesus looked up from his
 disciples and saw the rich putting
 their gifts into the treasury as
 well as a poor widow putting her
 two small copper coins into the
 treasury 21:1-2
 b) Jesus commended (as an example to
 his disciples) the poor widow over
 the rich because she gave
 sacrificially to God 21:3-4
 B. Prophesy of Judgment: When some of those who were with
 Jesus commented upon the majesty of the temple, Jesus
 announced that the temple would one day be destroyed
 and then described the events which would precede the
 final judgment of the world before the Son of Man
 returned to redeem his own and to set up the Kingdom
 21:5-38
 1. Setting: While some were talking about the beauty
 of the temple, Jesus proclaimed that all of the
 temple would one day be destroyed 21:5-6
 2. Events Which Precede the End, But Are Not The End
 (Not even being immediate): When the disciples
 questioned Jesus about when this judgment would
 come, he explained that there will be many false
 prophets, wars, and natural disasters before the
 judgment comes 21:7-11
 a. The disciples then questioned Jesus about
 when this judgment would occur, and about
 what the sign would be of this coming
 judgment 21:7
 b. Jesus explained that there will be many false
 Messiahs, wars, and natural disasters before
 this judgment occurs 21:8-11
 3. Events Which Will Occur Before the Events of 21:8-
 11 (Persecution): Jesus explained that before the
 cataclysmic catastrophes occur which he has just
 described that the disciples will experience sever
 persecution, but that this persecution will
 ultimately provide a way for them to testify of
 Jesus, and will lead to the fullness of live
 (spiritual, or in the Kingdom) 21:12-19
 a. Jesus explained to the disciples that before
 the above catastrophes occur ( ProV deV
 touvtwn ) that the disciples will experience
 sever persecutions29 21:12
 b. Jesus explained to the disciples that the
 persecutions would provide an opportunity for
 them to give their testimony before the
 persecutors therefore, they should be
 prepared to defend themselves knowing that
 Jesus will give them the wise words to speak
 before their persecutors 21:13-15
 c. Jesus explained to the disciples30 that even
 though they will be delivered up to severe
 persecution leading to death by those who are
 closest to them (parents, brothers,
 relatives, friends), that their ultimate life
 (spiritual) will not be harmed, but will be
 gained 21:16-19
 4. The Destruction of Jerusalem (told with an eye
 toward the end): Jesus more directly answered the
 disciples question about the coming judgment by
 affirming that when Jerusalem is surrounded by
 armies, then the prophesied judgment will occur
 bringing great distress upon the inhabitants of
 the city 21:20-23
 a. Jesus more directly answered the disciples
 question about when this judgment would occur
 by affirming that it was near when they saw
 Jerusalem surrounded by armies31 21:20
 b. Jesus warned that when Jerusalem was
 surrounded, everyone should flee because the
 judgment prophesied about will be fulfilled32
 causing great sorrow for those present33
 21:21-22
 5. The End: Jesus taught that the end will culminate
 within the generation which witnesses the fall of
 Jerusalem, cataclysmic signs in the sky and on
 earth, and the return of the Son of Man in his
 glory to redeem his people; therefore he urged all
 to remain spiritually alert 21:24-36
 a. Jesus explained that when Jerusalem comes
 under judgment, that it will fall, its
 inhabitants will be lead into other nations,
 and the city will be trampled by the Gentiles
 until the "times of the Gentiles"34 is
 fulfilled 21:24
 b. Jesus described the cataclysmic signs which
 would accompany the end times: astral
 calamities, earthly calamities which disrupt
 the nations, and men overcome with fear over
 the disruption of the cosmos 21:25-26
 c. Jesus then explained that in the midst of all
 of the physical chaos, Messiah (the Son of
 Man) will visibly appear in the sky with all
 of his glory as was predicted in Daniel 7:13
 (21:27)
 d. Jesus exhorted his disciples (God's people of
 Israel in the future setting) to be comforted
 and to express their hope when Messiah
 returns because he will redeem them 21:28
 e. Through the parable of the fig tree (and
 others trees) Jesus instructed his disciples
 that just as new leaves signal the nearness
 of summer so is it that when the signs which
 he has just described occur, the kingdom of
 God will certainly be within the time of that
 end-generation 21:29-33
 f. Jesus urges those of that coming generation
 to be physically and, especially, spiritually
 alert (cf. 1 Thess. 5) so that they might not
 be surprised by the upcoming judgment, but
 may escape the time and stand before the Son
 of Man at his coming 21:34-36
 6. The Crowd's Response: Although Jesus would leave
 Jerusalem each evening to spend the night on the
 mount of Olives, the people would rise early in
 the morning to listen to him teach in the temple
 21:37-38
 C. The Betrayal and Final Discourse: At the Passover Jesus
 demonstrated himself to be prepared for his upcoming
 passion as the Suffering Servant by having already made
 arrangements for their private celebration of the
 Passover so that Judas could not betray him there, by
 proclaiming himself as the fulfillment of the Passover,
 by foretelling that one would betray him, and by
 instructing his disciples concerning the future reward
 which they would receive for their loyalty to him, as
 well as about the persecution they would experience
 (from Satan and the world) because of their
 identification with him 22:1-38
 1. At the Passover meal Jesus demonstrated himself to
 be ready for his passion as Satan created an
 atmosphere of fear, hatred and deception 22:1-13
 a. The Betrayal of Judas: As the feast of
 Unleavened Bread approached in celebration of
 the Passover, Satan moved in an atmosphere of
 fear through Judas to have Jesus destroyed by
 the religious leaders 22:1-6
 1) Setting: The Feast of Unleavened Bread
 for the Passover was approaching and the
 religious climate was one of fear and
 anger as the religious leaders desired
 to kill Jesus 22:1-2
 2) Under the influence of Satan, Judas
 Iscariot conspired with the religious
 leaders about how he might hand Jesus
 over to them in a private place 22:3-6
 b. Preparing for the Meal: When the day of the
 Passover arrived, Jesus demonstrated that he
 was prepared for everything by sending Peter
 and John to prepare the meal in a pre-
 arranged location 22:7-13
 1) Setting: The day of the Unleavened
 Bread arrived on which the Passover lamb
 had to be sacrificed 22:7
 2) Jesus sent Peter and John to prepare for
 the Passover meal for the company at a
 place for which Jesus had already made
 arrangements35 22:8-13
 2. The Last Supper and Discourse: At the Passover
 Meal Jesus identified Himself as the fulfillment
 of the Passover, then he expressed his commitment
 to the twelve by: warning them of future strife,
 warning them against pride, and encouraging them
 concerning their future reign with him in view of
 the persecution they would soon experience 22:14-
 38
 a. At the Passover meal Jesus expressed his
 desire to eat this final Passover meal with
 his disciples, and proclaimed that he was the
 fulfillment of the Passover by making a New
 Covenant 22:14-20
 1) At them Passover meal Jesus expressed
 his desire to eat with his disciples
 before he suffered because he would not
 eat of the feast again until after its
 consummation in the Kingdom 22:15-16
 2) Jesus refused to partake of the first
 cup of the Passover meal until the
 kingdom of God came, and then identified
 himself (through the bread and the cup)
 with the fulfillment of the Passover for
 those who were present 22:17-20
 a) Jesus did not partake of the first
 cup, but passed it around
 proclaiming that he would not
 partake of it until the kingdom of
 God came 22:17-18
 b) Jesus then identified the Passover
 Bread as his body given for them
 and asked them to partake of it in
 remembrance of Him (what he was
 about to do for them) 22:19
 c) Jesus then identified the cup as
 the new covenant in his blood for
 the disciples 22:20
 b. The Discourse: After identifying his
 betrayer from among the twelve, Jesus rebuked
 their defensive boasting, foretold of Satan's
 designs to destroy them but expressed his
 commitment to his loyal followers by
 foretelling Peter that he had prayed for his
 restoration, by promising them future
 blessing in the kingdom, and by warning of
 future persecution as his disciples 22:21-30
 1) Jesus not only identified the one among
 them who would betray him, but also the
 necessity and calamity of the betrayer
 22:21-22
 2) When the disciples expressed their
 concern that one of them might be the
 betrayer by defensively boasting of
 their greatness, Jesus rebuked their
 arrogance by instructing them that real
 greatness would be expressed through
 serving others just as He had served
 them 22:23-27
 3) Jesus then reassured the disciples of
 his commitment to them because of their
 remaining with him during trials by
 promising that they would eat and rule
 with him in the Kingdom 22:28-30
 4) Jesus foretold Simon that Satan desired
 to destroy the twelve ( uJma'" ), but he
 had prayed for Simon (sou', who thought
 he was so strongly committed) that his
 faith would not be eclipsed ( ejklivph/
 ) in his upcoming denial of him, but
 that he might be able to support his
 brethren after his repentance 22:31-34
 5) Jesus sovereignly warned his disciples
 of the future hostility which awaited
 them because of their identification
 with Him as a transgressor, as their two
 swords corroborated 22:35-38
 a) Unlike the previous sending out of
 the disciples, Jesus exhorted the
 twelve to be prepared for
 hostilities toward them because He
 was going to be identified with
 sinners (ajnovmwn ) as the
 Scriptures foretold (cf. Isa.
 53:12) 22:35-37
 b) When the disciples displayed their
 two swords so as to show that they
 were hardly the lawless, Jesus
 affirmed that their two swords were
 enough for the accusation 22:38
 D. The Trial and Death of Jesus: Jesus voluntarily entered
 into his substitutionary death for mankind in a manner
 which demonstrated faithfulness to his disciples,
 exposed the evil of those falsely accusing him, and
 provided grace for all who would receive him 22:39--
 23:56
 1. Preparation through Prayer: Jesus exhorted his
 disciples and demonstrated for them the need to
 wrestle with God in prayer about upcoming
 struggles in order that they might not fall into
 temptation 22:39-46
 a. As Jesus was (customarily [Judas knew]) going
 with his disciples to the Mount of Olives, he
 exhorted them to pray that they might not
 enter into temptation 22:39-40
 b. Jesus then went off by himself and agonized (
 ajgwniva/ ) in prayer as he asked the father
 if it was possible to not have to suffer, but
 he always was willing to submit to the
 Father's will 22:41-44
 c. When Jesus returned to his disciples, they
 were asleep, therefore he exhorted them to
 wake up and to pray in order that they would
 not fall into temptation 22:45-46
 2. The Betrayal and the Arrest: As the religious
 leaders accompanied by the temple guard and led by
 Judas approached Jesus in order to arrest him,
 Jesus stopped the counter attack of his disciples,
 and exposed the evil in night arrest 22:47-53
 a. While Jesus was speaking to his disciples, he
 was betrayed by Judas who was leading a
 multitude and identified Jesus through a kiss
 (irony) 22:47-48
 b. When Jesus' disciples saw what was occurring,
 one of them attempted to defend Jesus by
 cutting off the ear of the slave of the high
 priest, but Jesus stopped the rebellion, and
 healed the servant's ear 22:49-51
 c. Jesus exposed the religious leaders and their
 temple officers of doing evil out of fear as
 they came at night with force to arrest him
 22:52-53
 3. Peter's Denial: Peter learned in a painful way of
 his vulnerability to be used by Satan for evil
 against the Lord he loved by denying him three
 times 22:54-62
 a. When Jesus was led away from the Mount of
 Olives and brought to the house of the high
 priest, Peter was following at a distance
 22:54
 b. While Peter was standing in the courtyard of
 the high priest by a freshly built fire, he
 denied any knowledge of Jesus three times
 22:55-60a
 c. While Peter was still speaking his last
 denial, he was painfully exposed by the
 crowing of a cock and by the understanding
 gaze of Jesus that he had been used by Satan
 (cf. 22:31) for evil just as Jesus had said
 22:60b-62
 4. Jesus' Trials: Although Jesus was falsely accused
 and abused by his religious captors, and was
 proclaimed to be "not guilty" by both Pilate and
 Herod, He was sentenced to crucifixion while
 Barabbas was freed 22:63--23:25
 a. Jesus was emotionally and physically abused
 by the guards who were holding him at the
 house of the high priest 22:63-65
 b. When Jesus was examined by the religious
 council at day-break, he openly identified
 himself as being Messiah (who would one day
 judge these judges), but was explicitly
 rejected by them as he predicted he would be
 22:66-71
 c. Although Jesus was taken and accused before
 Pilate for rebellion against Rome, Pilate
 declared Jesus innocent 23:1-6
 d. When Pilate heard that Jesus was from
 Galilee, he sent him to Herod (Antipas) who
 was in Jerusalem for the feast and was the
 tetrarch over the region which included
 Galilee 23:7
 e. Herod, who had heard about Jesus (cf. 9:9)
 and desired to see a sign from him (like the
 Jews, cf. 11:29), rejected Jesus as Messiah
 and mocked him 23:8-11
 f. The political move by Pilate to send Jesus to
 Herod strengthened the two rulers
 relationships (and also demonstrated how the
 Jews and the Gentiles unified against Jesus)
 23:12
 g. Even though Pilate pronounced Jesus innocent
 to charges of rebellion, he succumbed to the
 pressure of the crowd, released Barabbas36
 and pronounced the sentence of crucifixion
 upon Jesus37 23:13-25
 5. The Death of Jesus: The Crucifixion and burial of
 Jesus provided special opportunities for hearts to
 be revealed (those who railed against him), grace
 to be received (forgiveness, the other criminal)
 and commitment to Jesus to be expressed (Joseph
 and the women) as Jesus became the voluntary
 substitute for man under the wrath of God 23:26-
 56
 a. The crucifixion of Jesus was a means whereby
 God exposed the hearts of people, and
 provided for their need as Jesus voluntarily
 died for them 23:26-49
 1) As Jesus was led to be crucified with
 two other criminals, and as Simon the
 Cyrene was forced to carry Jesus' cross,
 He rebuked those mourning for him
 because worse things were going to fall
 upon them 23:26-32
 a) As Jesus was being led to be
 crucified, Simon of Cyrene was
 forced to carry His cross behind
 Him 23:26
 b) Jesus rebuked those following him
 for mourning for Him because worse
 things were going to fall upon them
 when he was gone38 23:27-31
 c) Two other crimminals were also led
 away with Jesus to be crucified
 23:32
 2) Even though Jesus was crucified and
 verbally abused (as the righteous
 sufferer), he gave grace both to the
 ignorant and especially to a criminal
 who asked for it 23:33-43
 a) When they arrived at the place
 called the Skull, they crucified
 the two criminals and Jesus placing
 Jesus in the center 23:33
 b) Jesus asked the Father to forgive
 those who crucified him (the Jews)
 because of their ignorance39
 23:34a
 c) Jesus was made a spectacle by
 onlookers who gawked, treated him
 with contempt, and verbally
 questioned his greatness because of
 his present suffering on the cross
 23:34b-39
 (1) The soldiers cast lost for
 Jesus' cloths 23:34a
 (2) People stood by and watched
 23:35a
 (3) The religious rulers sneered
 at Jesus challenging him to
 save himself if he was able
 23:35b
 (4) The soldiers mocked Jesus
 challenging him to save
 himself if he was the King of
 the Jews as was inscribed
 above his head 23:36-38
 (5) One of the crimminals who was
 crucified with Jesus verbally
 attacked him challenging him
 to save them and himself if he
 was the Messiah 23:39
 d) The other criminal recognized his
 sin, rebuked the accusing criminal,
 and asked Jesus for the right to
 enter into his kingdom with him,
 and thus received assurance from
 Jesus 23:40-43
 3) The crucifixion climaxed with a picture
 of the separation which Jesus
 experienced for men's sin (the
 darkness), and a picture of the new
 access which he provided for men with
 God (the veil), whereupon, Jesus
 voluntarily gave up his life 32:44-46
 a) For three hours (from noon to three
 PM) the sun was obscured and
 darkness was over the land 32:44
 b) The veil of the temple which
 separated men from the holy access
 to God, was torn in two indicating
 direct access into God's presence
 (and the upcoming judgment upon the
 temple) 32:45
 c) Jesus voluntarily gave up his life
 unto the Father, and thus died
 32:46
 4) In response to Jesus' death, the
 centurian proclaimed Jesus to be
 innocent, and the multitudes mourned as
 his acquaintances women followers
 observed 23:47-49
 b. Joseph, a righteous, religious leader,
 provided for Jesus' burial by procuring his
 body from Pilate, and laying him in a tomb
 for the sabbath while the women watched and
 waited with their spices until after the
 Sabbath as Law abiding (pious) Jews 23:50-56
 1) Joseph of Arimathia went to Pilate and
 asked for the body of Jesus 23:50-52
 a) Joseph was a member of the council
 who did not consent to their
 judgment of Jesus, being good and
 righteous and waiting for God's
 kingdom 23:50-51
 b) Joseph asked for Jesus' body from
 Pilate 23:52
 2) Joseph prepared and laid Jesus' body in
 a tomb of rock which had not been
 previously used 23:53
 3) Since it was the preparation day for the
 Passover, and since the Sabbath was
 about to begin, the women who had
 followed Jesus out of Galilee saw the
 tomb as the body was laid, and returned
 to prepare spices and perfumes, but
 rested according to the law on the
 Sabbath 23:54-56
 E. The Resurrection and Ascension of Jesus: After Jesus
 brought his disciples to a genuine comprehension of the
 truthfulness of his resurrection, He commissioned them
 to wait in Jerusalem for the promise of the Spirit, and
 then to proclaim the forgiveness of sins through
 repentance for all nations, whereupon, he ascended from
 them, and they returned to Jerusalem glorifying God
 24:1-53
 1. Comprehension and Commission: Unlike the women
 who in their openness believed in the
 resurrection, the men were brought to a point of
 belief through repeated appearances of Jesus which
 culminated in his commissioning of them to tell
 others, once they received the Holy Spirit, of the
 forgiveness of sins which can come through
 repentance 24:1-49
 a. When the women came to the tomb early in the
 morning with spices, they not only found it
 opened with Jesus gone, but were reminded by
 angels that he had risen as he said, which
 caused them to tell the eleven apostles and
 others who were with them 24:1-10
 1) When the women came to the tomb early in
 the morning with spices to prepare
 Jesus' body, they found the stone rolled
 away from the tomb 24:1-2
 2) When the women entered the tomb, they
 did not find the body of Jesus 24:3
 3) The women were met by men dressed in
 dazzling clothes who questioned their
 presence at the tomb since Jesus had
 risen as he had said 24:4-7
 a) In the women's concern they were
 suddenly met by two men in dazzling
 apparel who caused them to be
 terrified and to bow to the ground
 24:4-5
 b) The men questioned the women's
 looking for Jesus among the dad
 since he had risen just as he said
 he would 24:6-7
 4) The women, including Mary Magdalene,
 Joanna, and Mary the mother of James,
 remembered Jesus' words and thus, went
 to tell the news to the eleven apostles
 and to the rest 24:8-10
 b. Unbelief moved gradually toward belief as
 Jesus appeared to his followers whereupon, He
 commissioned them after they receive the
 enabling Spirit to proclaim forgiveness of
 sins for all nations through Him 24:11-49
 1) The men would not believe the woman
 because they considered their words (
 rJhvmata ) to be nonsense 24:11
 2) When Peter ran to the tomb and only saw
 the linen wrappings, he went away
 marveling at what had happened 24:12
 3) Jesus met Two men who knew much about
 the crucifixion and resurrection but
 were discouraged, whereupon he chided
 them, instructed them, and convinced
 them of the resurrection when they saw
 for themselves that he was Jesus 24:13-
 32
 a) Two men who were with the eleven
 apostles and who had heard of the
 women's report were going to the
 village of Emmaus talking about all
 that had taken place 24:13-14
 b) Jesus joined the two in their
 journey, but they were prevented
 from recognizing him 24:15-16
 c) Jesus drew the men into recounting
 all that they understood to have
 occurred thus far (up through
 Peter's and another's visit to the
 tomb) about the crucifixion and
 resurrection of Jesus 24:17-24
 d) Jesus questioned the slowness of
 the men to believe in the death and
 resurrection of Jesus even though
 he demonstrated how the scriptures
 spoke of it throughout (see the
 speeches in Acts 3;4;6-7;13; etc.
 for Luke's development of this
 theme) 24:25-27
 e) After the two men approached the
 village and convinced the man
 (Christ) to stay with the, they
 realized it was Jesus when he
 served them the bread (reminiscent
 of the last supper emphasizing
 fellowship) 24:28-31a
 f) When the men recognized the
 traveler as Jesus, he vanished from
 their presence, and they spoke of
 how true his words seemed to them
 before when he explained to them
 the scriptures 24:31b-32
 4) When the eleven apostles and those with
 them received personal reports of Jesus'
 resurrection, He appeared to them in
 order to confirm the reports 24:33-43
 a) The two from Emmaus immediately
 returned to Jerusalem to find the
 eleven and those with them 24:33
 b) Those in Jerusalem reported that
 the Lord was risen and that he had
 appeared to Peter 24:34
 c) The two from Emmaus reported about
 their encounter with the Lord
 24:35
 d) Jesus appeared in the midst of all
 of them in order to resolve their
 doubts and fears 24:36-43
 (1) While they were all talking,
 Jesus appeared in their midst
 24:36
 (2) Everyone was startled,
 frightened, and thought that
 they were seeing a spirit
 24:37
 (3) Jesus questioned them about
 their doubts, and went to
 great lengths to demonstrate
 that he was physically present
 as he presented his body to be
 examined, and ate before them
 24:38-43
 5) After confirming the reality of his
 resurrection before those together in
 the room, Jesus commissioned them in
 accordance with his former words and in
 accordance with Scripture to be
 proclaimers of repentance through Him to
 all men after they receive the Holy
 Spirit 24:44-49
 a) Jesus reminded those in the room
 together with him that what had
 occurred was just as He and
 Scripture (Moses, Prophets, and
 Psalms) said it would so that
 repentance would be proclaimed for
 forgiveness to all through Him
 24:44-47The Gospel is three-fold
 here (three infinitives) 24:46-47
 (1) To Suffer ( paqei'n )
 (2) To Rise ( ajnasth'nai )
 (3) To Preach ( khrucqh'nai ) in
 his name repentance to all
 nations ( pavnta taV e@qnh )
 resulting in ( eij" )
 forgiveness of sinsRepentance
 is emphasized here instead of
 faith. It is an
 interchangeable term
 b) Jesus proclaimed that they were
 witness of the fulfillment of
 Scripture through Him 24:48
 c) Jesus commanded them to remain in
 Jerusalem until they receive the
 promised power of the Holy Spirit
 (cf. Acts 2:16f) 24:49
 2. The Ascension: When Jesus ascended, the disciples
 were obedient to his commands by returning to
 Jerusalem and extolling God's character to others
 in the temple 24:50-53
 a. Jesus led his followers out as far as
 Bethany, blessed them, and departed
 (ascended) from them40 24:50-51
 b. Jesus' followers joyfully returned to
 Jerusalem, and to the temple of God where
 they continually praised God (cf. Lk. 1:5)
 24:52-53
___________________________
 1 A Nazirite, cf. Judges 13:4; or one like Samuel, cf. 1
Sam. 1:11 LXX.
 2 Note well: Quirinius was governor of Syria from 6-4 B.C.
The decree was probably issued in 8/7 B.C. and was fulfilled in 6
or 5 B.C. There were usually fourteen years between censuses,
and they would take a few years to complete. Therefore, Jesus
was probably born in A.D. 5 or 4 (See Hoehner, Chronological, 21-
25).
 3 He was born during the reign of Caesar Augustus (March 15,
44 B.C. to August 19, A.D. 14). The latest he could have been
born was just before Herod the Great's death in B.C.4. The
earliest he could have been born was when the Census of Caesar
was given (B.C. 8/7).
 4 See Lev. 12:4ff; 7 days, plus 33 days = 40 days.
 5 See Numbers 18:15; cf. Ex. 13:1-16.
 6 Lev. 12:6-13.
 7 These themes become especially developed throughout 9:51--
19:27.
 8 See Isaiah 40:3-4.
 9 This is Day of the Lord language.
 10 This genealogy has a different emphasis than the one in
Matthew 1: Matthew is tracing Jesus from Abraham through David
to emphasize that He is the seed representing Israel and the heir
to the throne of David. Luke is tracing Jesus through Adam to
emphasize that Jesus is the second Adam representing all mankind.
 The Genealogy is tricky--there are three options to
understanding it:
 (1) Matthew is the legal line through Joseph/Luke is Mary's
line,but Luke 1:27 argues against this view since Joseph is
stressed as being of Davidic descent
 (2) A view based upon Adoption:Matthew is the legal line
(through adoption of Joseph as the closest living heir by his
barren uncle Jacob [Matt. 1:16] thereby bringing Joseph and Jesus
into the legal line)/Luke is the actual line. But this does not
deal with the difficulties when Luke 3:24-25 is compared with
Matthew 1:15-16
 (3) A View Based Upon Leverite Marriage: Matthew is the
physical line through Joseph/Luke is the legal line through
Joseph: (a) The disagreements occur from David to Shaeltiel (Lk.
3:27-32) in that Luke traces the Davidic line through Nathan
(3:31) in the exilic period, (b) Eli (Lk. 3:23) died without
children so Jacob married Eli's wife (Leverite marriage) and gave
birth to Joseph (Matt. 1:15-16) (i) A fuller explanation is as
follows: Matthan (Mt. 1:15) married a certain Estha, by whom he
had a son, Jacob (Mt. 1:16). When Matthan died, his widow
married Malchi (Lk. 3:24). and had a son Eli (Lk. 3:23). [NB
Levi and Matthat come between Malchi and Eli in Luke's list.
This is a problem]. The second of these two half-brothers, Eli,
married, but died without issue; his half-brother Jacob took his
wife in leverite marriage, so that his physical son, Joseph, was
regarded as the legal son of Eli. Therefore, Joseph's line (in
Luke) is connected by his mother (who married Malchi after
Matthan died in Matthew's line). Thus Joseph is traced through
Jacob [his natural father in Matt.], and through Eli, his
Leverite father, in Luke. The problem is the inclusion of the
two generations between Melchi and Eli in Luke (Levi, and
Matthat) See Marshall, The Gospel of Luke, p. 158. This allows
for Jesus to be physically and legally of the line of David
through Joseph and for the curse of Jehoiakim (Jer. 22:30; 36:30)
to be by-passed
 11 See Craig Glickman, Knowing Christ: Life-changing
Glimpses of Our Lord (Chicago: Moody Press, 1980), 49-60.
 12 See the parallel miracle with Elisha (2 Ki. 4:8-37).
They were also in a close location (cf. Nain and Shunem).
 13 Leviticus 23:27, 34.
 14 Note the geography in Luke from 9:51 on:
 Samaria 9:52
 (In Bethany) where Jesus is met by Martha and Mary 10:38
 He went to other cities and villages on his journey to
Jerusalem 13:22
 Jesus passed through the region of Samaria and Galilee on
his journey to Jerusalem 17:11
 Jesus was going up unto Jerusalem 18:31
 Jesus was going through Jericho 18:35
 Jesus was near Jerusalem 19:11
 Jesus was going up to Jerusalem 19:28
 Jesus approached Bethpage and Bethany near the Mt. of Olivet
19:29
 Jesus was at the bottom of the Mt. of Olivet 19:37
 Jesus was coming near to the city 19:41
 Jesus entered the Temple in Jerusalem 19:47
 15 Note: (1) Verse eighteen is figurative language for
Satan's defeat, (2) Their works expressed his ultimate defeat,
(3) The Cross is ultimately his defeat, (4) Jesus expresses this
through the use of an imperfect verb ( ejqewvroun ), (5) the
outworking of Jesus' defeat is progressive (cf. Rev. 12:9; 20).
 16 Delegated, Messianic authority, cf. Gen. 3:14,19,15; Ps.
91:13.
 17 "Come upon you" ( e@fqasen ejf * uJma'" ) could have the
sense of "drawn near" (cf. Rom. 9:31; Phil. 3:16; 1 Thess. 2:16
[to draw up to], emphasizing that it has not arrived (Toussaint)
 Or it could have the sense of actual arrival (especially
with the preposition) [Bock].
 18 Note: the emphasis here is not on the resurrection (cf.
Matthew's "three days and three nights") so much as on repentance
(cf. v. 32, "repented at the preaching of Jonah").
 19 The reference to Pilate and the Galileans may be to
Pilate's raid of the temple treasury to pay for his acueduct
construction which the temple profited from so much (see Malick,
"New Testament History," p. 10 n. 18.
 20 The extended time may well be after the Book of Acts.
 21 Cf. "hate", misei' , in terms of "choosing" in Deut. 33:8-
9, cf. Ex. 32:27-29; Mal. 1:2-3; Matt. 6:24.
 22 It is possible that "forcing" ( biavzetai ) has reference
to people who make it in with a fight or earnest effort (against
those who would resist following Jesus; cf. Thayer, p. 101); it
may also mean "urged" to enter in (passive/middle voice, cf.
BAGD, p. 140)
 Note the distinction in times (dispensations--Law and the
Prophets to John / from John is the gospel of the Kingdom)
 23 Jesus is not denying the future cataclysmic aspects of
the consummation of the kingdom (cf. 17:23-24). Jesus is
emphasizing that present aspects of the kingdom in that you do
not have to hunt for it since it is right in their presence: (1)
The audience of Pharisees does not allow for the sense to be "in
you" or "within" you, (2) The sense is that the kingdom is among
them, or in their midst in that its king was among them
 For those who do not hold to a present sense of the kingdom,
it is also possible that ejntoV" could have the sense of the
kingdom suddenly coming--you will not have to look for it,
because it will suddenly come among you.
 24 Note--Propitiation is the center of soteriology: (1) It
is the meaning of Sacrifice, (2) It is the grounds of
Reconciliation, (3) It is the price of Redemption, (4) It is the
legality of Justification.
 25 NB--Luke has flipped the order of Matthew's account (cf.
19:1):
 (1) Wealthy man -- cannot see (Ruler)
 (2) Blind man -- can see (Jericho)
 (3) Rich man -- can see (Zaccheus)
 This healing probably occurred after the Zaccheus event.
 26 In order to correct their expectations, and to exhort
them towards obedience as faithful servants.
 27 Note: This historically paralleled Archelaus who upon
the death of his father, Herod the Great, made his way to Rome
(followed by a deputation of Jews who resisted his appointment)
in order to get the kingship over Judea (of which he only
received half and the status of ethnarch) [Josephus, Wars 2.2.1-
13; 6.80-100.2].
 28 NB: Although this hints at Titus in A.D. 70, the near
judgment was only a confirming foreshadow of the greater judgment
to come. The "day" that Jesus notes in 19:42 is the day that
Daniel's sixty-ninth week expired (cf. Dan. 9:24-26)--they should
have known.
 29 Before synagogues, prisons, kings, and governors because
of their commitment to him (cf. Acts).
 30 NB--The disciples are addressed here in order to
demonstrate that they have a part in God's eschatological plan
(now/not yet).
 31 Much of this unit sounds like the siege by Titus on
Jerusalem in A.D. 70. Even so, it is predictive from the mouth
of Jesus. The Jerusalem destruction pictures (or guarantees) the
end-time cataclysm; one event mirrors the other so that it is
difficult to tell what is being talked about (A.D. 70, the
future, both?). The destruction of Jerusalem is typical. Luke
especially emphasizes the correlations with A.D. 70. Matthew and
Mark focus upon the future cataclysm.
 32 Cf. 1 Ki. 9:6-9; Dan. 9:26; Mi. 3:12.
 33 The language of fulfillment points the reader beyond A.D.
70. Even the fall of Jerusalem in 586 B.C. was but a taste of
the ultimate judgment upon the nation (cf. Zech. 14:1-2) just as
the first and second exoduses were but foretastes of the final
deliverance at the end of the tribulation.
 34 Note: The times of the Gentiles probably began with the
fall of Jerusalem in 586 B.C. and will continue until Israel is
in the land with the nations coming to her (Zech. 14:3,11,16-19)
after the tribulation days (cf. Rev. 11:2; Dan. 12:7).
 35 Jesus probably did this in secret because of the betrayal
designs of Judas.
 36 A true insurrectionist and murder--note the theology of
substitution.
 37 The Likely Order of Jesus' Trials: (1) Inquiry before
Annas [Jn. 18:13 = Lk. 22:54], (2) Evening Meeting--Caiaphas
presiding [Mk. 14:55-64; Mt. 26:59-66; may = Luke since the
remarks are similar], (3) Morning, official trial--Sanhedrin [Mk.
15:1; Mt. 27:1; thus = Lk. 22:66-71], (4) Initial Meeting with
Pilate: [Mk. 15:1b-5; Mt. 27:2; Lk. 23:1-5; Jn. 18:29-38], (5)
Meeting with Herod Antipas [Lk. 23:6-12], (6) Second meeting with
Pilate [Lk. 23:13-16; Mt. 27:15-23; Mk. 15:6-14; Jn. 18:39-40].
 38 This is "Day of the Lord" imagery tied to A.D. 70 as a
type of the final judgment to come.
 The "green tree" and the "dry" imagery (cf. Isa. 10:16-19;
Ezk. 20:47) may well mean that if God has not spared Jesus, How
much more will He not spare the Jews.
 39 This is answered in the Book of Acts as Peter offers the
kingdom again (Acts 3), and repeated by Stephen in Acts 7 to be
answered with the conversion of Saul (Acts 9).
 40 Some have difficulties with harmonizing the end of Luke
with the beginning of Acts, but they actually dovetail with one
another. This is another indication that Luke-Acts is a double
work.
 (1) Two Ascensions: Some feel that there must be two
departures (Lk. 24; Acts 1) [Ellis, The Gospel of Luke, p. 280]
 (2) One Ascension: It seems better to understand there to
have only have been one ascension with Luke 24 and Acts 1:6-11
being one and the same event with Acts describing the gospel
event in a fresh new way (Marshall, p. 907-908)